Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Anaheim

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1 Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Anaheim Anaheim s racial and ethnic demographics have changed dramatically in the last thirty years. Asian/Pacific Islander 4.1% Other 1.2% Hispanic/ Latino 1.1% Black/African American Black/African American Asian/Pacific Islander 9.% Other 0.6% 2.4% Hispanic/ Latino 1.2% 31.0% White White 6.6% 6.4% Total Population: 219,311 Asian/Pacific Islander 12.3% Other Asian/Pacific Islander 2.% Other 2.3% 1.1% Black/African American 2.4% Total Population: 266,406 Hispanic/ Latino White 3.9% 46.8% 2000 Total Population: 328,014 Sources: US Census: 1980 (Table 9), 1990 (Table ), 2000 (Table QT-PL), 2010 (DP-3), Anaheim. Black/African American 2.4% White 2.% Hispanic/ Latino 2.8% 2010 Total Population: 336,26 Contact Orange County Communities Organized for Responsible Development ~

2 Geography and Diversity in Anaheim Anaheim stretches across more than 0 square miles. The city as a whole is ethnically diverse, but some areas are more diverse while some are more representative of individual groups. For example, these five Census tracts highlighted below are all part of Anaheim, yet each one represents a very different makeup in terms of ethnicity, income, and age. Census Tract % Latino 2% White 1% Asian Census Tract % White 31% Latino 28% Asian 6% Black 1% Other Median age: 26. Median income: $4,3 Median age: 3.3 Median income: $6,99 Census Tract % White 10% Latino 10% Asian 1% Black 1% Other Median age: 0.2 Median income: $80, dot = 10 people White Black/African American Hispanic/Latino Asian/Pacific Islander All Other Census Tract 8.0 6% Latino 21% White 11% Asian 1% Black Median age: 30. Median income: $39,12 Source: US Census year estimates, Anaheim via Social Explorer. Tiger Shapefile. Census Tract % White 2% Asian 11% Latino 2% Black 2% Other Median age: 41.3 Median income: $134,00 Contact Orange County Communities Organized for Responsible Development ~

3 How does Anaheim compare to similar cities? Anaheim is the largest California city to elect its representatives at large. All larger California cities use district elections, as do many smaller cities. 20 Largest California Cities Type of Council City Population per Population Election Representatives Representative City Los Angeles San Diego San Jose San Francisco Fresno Sacramento Long Beach Oakland Bakersfield Anaheim Santa Ana Riverside Stockton Chula Vista Fremont Irvine San Bernardino Modesto Oxnard Fontana 3,92,621 1,30,402 94,942 80,23 494,66 466, ,2 390,24 34, ,26 324,28 303,81 291,0 243, , ,3 209, ,16 19, ,069 Numbered seats Numbered seats ,841 14,26 8,99 3,203 0,666 31,099 1,362 43,414 49,640 6,23 46,361 43,410 41,62 48,83 42,818 42,4 29,989 28,38 39,80 39,214 Source: U.S. Census, 2012; City websites. } } } MAJOR CITIES: All use district elections. Because of their large populations, ratios of residents to council members are high. LARGE CITIES: Most use district elections, although some elect at-large or by numbered seats. Ratios of residents per council member tend to range from 30,000 to 0,000. MEDIUM CITIES: Use a mix of at-large and district elections. Ratios of residents per council member are lower. Anaheim s ratio of residents per representative is unusually high for a city of its size. Population per representative 80,000 0,000 60,000 0,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 The average ratio for the four next-largest and next-smallest cities is 44,46 residents per representative. If Anaheim had seven representatives, the City s ratio would be 48,038. With nine, the ratio would be 3,363.

4 Anaheim s Voter Turnout: Socioeconomics and Voter Participation Income in Anaheim Household Median Income $100,001 and over $,001 to $0,000 $8,001 to $100,000 $40,001 to $,000 $0,001 to $8,000 Less than $40,000 No Data Ethnicity in Anaheim Percent of Population Identifying as Hispanic/Latino More than 80 percent 21 to 40 percent 61 to 80 percent Less than 20 percent 41 to 60 percent No Data 2012 Voter Participation in Anaheim Voter Turnout by Precinct (total ballots cast / voter registration) Less than 40 percent 6 to 8 percent 41 to 6 percent 86 to 100 percent 66 to percent Sources: 2012 Statement of Vote, 2012 Orange County Precincts Shapefile. OC Registrar of Voters. US Census year estimates, Anaheim via Social Explorer. Tiger Shapefile. Contact Orange County Communities Organized for Responsible Development ~

5 What is polarized voting? POLARIZED VOTING occurs when a distinct minority group of voters consistently vote for different candidates than the majority of voters. In an at-large electoral system, this can result in a lack of representation for the minority group. The California Voting Rights Act addresses racially polarized voting, but voting can also be polarized by neighborhoods or other geography. EXAMPLE Cityville has 100,000 voting citizens and city council seats elected at large. 30,000 voters consistently vote for B candidates. B A Population 0,000 voters consistently vote for A candidates. In elections, 0,000 votes (0%) go to A candidates. { 30,000 votes (30%) go to B candidates. { B A Five Council Seats The Result: all seats are won by A candidates. Representation Population The City Council ONLY represents A voters, not B voters, even though B voters make up almost a third of the electorate.

6 Is there geographically polarized voting in Anaheim? Anaheim Hills Votes for Council Candidates, dot = 1 vote for a losing Council candidate West Anaheim 1 dot = 1 vote for a winning Council candidate Central Anaheim Votes for winning candidates came from both the flatlands of West and Central Anaheim, and from Anaheim Hills, but a much greater proportion of the Hills precincts votes went to the winners. 4 percent of Anaheim Hills precincts votes went to the winning candidates. 32 percent of West and Central Anaheim s votes went to the winning candidates. Source: Orange County Registrar of Voters 2010 Statement of Vote, 2010 Anaheim Precincts ShapeFile. U.S. Census Tiger ShapeFiles, Anaheim.

7 Is there geographically polarized voting in Anaheim? Anaheim Hills Votes for Council Candidates, 2010 Pie = 1 Anaheim Voting Precinct West Anaheim Votes for losing Council candidates Central Anaheim In nearly all West and Central Anaheim precincts, the two winning Council candidates won by smaller margins or did not win the precinct at all. Source: Orange County Registrar of Voters 2010 Statement of Vote Anaheim Precincts ShapeFile. Votes for winning Council candidates The two winning Council candidates won all the Anaheim Hills precincts, and most were won by comfortable margins.

8 UNEQUAL VOICE means UNEQUAL RESOURCES Anaheim Flatlands Anaheim Hills 6,3 people 29,933 people 6 8 City representatives in the past decade City representatives in the past decade $16 $10 spent per person on community resources since 2004 spent per person on community resources since acres of parks per 0,000 residents libraries per 0,000 residents Sources: U.S. Census, year estimates, Anaheim zctas. Correspondence with Anaheim Parks Department. City of Anaheim Capital Improvement Costs FY 2004/0-FY2011/12, Anaheim Department of Finance. Count of representatives counts each term served as one representative, counts from 2004 through community centers per 0,000 residents Contact Orange County Communities Organized for Responsible Development

9 How much does it cost to run for City Council in Anaheim? Candidates Expenditures (Funds Raised for Campaign and/or Personal Wealth) 2006 Candidates 2008 Candidates 2010 Candidates Winning Candidates Dollars Spent on Campaign $30,000 $300,000 $20,000 $200,000 $10,000 $100,000 $0,000 $0,000 10,000 1,000 20,000 2,000 30,000 3,000 Votes Won 1 This graph plots the amount of money spent by a candidate on their campaign for the 2006, 2008, and 2010 Anaheim City Council elections. As can be seen here, having the most money doesn t guarantee that a candidate will win a seat. However, a candidate must meet a spending threshold in order to make it into the top three candidates competing for seats. See page two for information about the impact of independent expenditures.

10 Candidates Expenditures and Independent Expenditures (Political Action Committees) 2006 Candidates 2008 Candidates 2010 Candidates Winning Candidates Dollars Spent on Campaign $400,000 $30,000 $300,000 This graph plots the amount of money spent by a candidate AND money spent by political action committees independent expenditures on their campaign for the 2006, 2008, and 2010 Anaheim City Council elections. These numbers represent the total amount of money that went into electing (or opposing) a candidate. $20,000 $200,000 $10,000 $100,000 $0,000 $0,000 10,000 1,000 20,000 2,000 30,000 3,000 Votes Won The addition of independent expenditures only serves to widen the distance between the front-runner candidates and the rest of the pack. Candidates lacking personal wealth or fundraising capability did not attract campaign funds from independent sources. METHODOLOGY: These campaign finance totals were compiled using Fair Political Practices Commission forms 460 and 01. Data from 2012 was not compiled for this graph as some candidates and committees had not filed their final forms (some committees and candidates continue filing forms for the year after a campaign concludes). Expenditures were counted, rather than funds received, and in cases in which expenditures from month-to-month forms did not reconcile, the year-to-date expenditures on the filing through December 31 of that year were considered the most accurate total. Expenditures that were categorized as refunds of campaign money (RFD) to donors, and expenditures that were categorized as civic donations (CVC) that occurred after the election took place, were not counted toward the total. All other expenditures were. 2

11 WHERE HAVE OUR REPRESENTATIVES LIVED? This map shows the residences of Anaheim mayors and City Council members elected in the 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2012 elections. The base map shows median income levels for households in Anaheim, and the boundaries of zip codes , , , 2006 Household Median Income 2002, Council representatives by Zip Code, , 2012 Zip Code Representatives Zip Code Population 61,00 42,9 8,386 0,26 3,983 3,999 20, $100,001 and over $,001 to $0,000 $8,001 to $100,000 $40,001 to $,000 $0,001 to $8,000 Less than $40,000 Mayor Council member Year(s) elected Sources: California FPPC forms 01; OC Registrar of Voters registration database. US Census: ACS year estimates, Anaheim zctas, table S0101. ACS year estimates, Anaheim city, via Social Explorer. Tiger Shapefile. Contact Orange County Communities Organized for Responsible Development