SOLLIANCE. An R&D cluster bringing thin film solar energy technology to excellence

Transcription

1 SOLLIANCE An R&D cluster bringing thin film solar energy technology to excellence

2 CIGS technologies: Performance and roadmap - What is it? - Why do you want it? - How is it made? - How can it be used? - How will it develop in the future? Technodag CIGS Stichting KIEN Ando Kuypers Program manager CIGS TNO - Solliance

3 Solliance: 3 Solliance: a thin-film solar R&D collaboration Solliance was founded in 2011, supported by Province of Noord Brabant with 28 Million investment to strengthen industry in the region Shared research facilities and 250 fte researchers with a focus on thin film Si, OPV and CIGS

4 4 Solliance: Publiek Private Samenwerking dunne film PV Manon Jansen Boegbeeld Topteam Energie Bert Pauli Gedeputeerde Provincie Brabant HyEt Solar Solliance/Holst Centre

5 Why thin film? Crystalline versus thin film PV thickness 5 3

6 Why thin film? Crystalline versus thin film PV thickness 6 Taken from: CIS modules by Solar Frontier; Highest yields even under extreme conditions

7 Wat is CIGS? Koper-Indium-Gallium-Selenide(-Sulfide) 7 0,003 mm 4 december 2014

8 8 Shared research met bedrijven Apparatuur ontwikkeling voor dunne film PV 0,003 mm 4 december 2014

9 9 CdS: Cadmium Sulfide is geel Jaarproduktie CdS pigment: 2000 ton (Wikipedia) Gewicht Heineken krat = 2 kg Bevat 0,1% Cd = 2 gram ( : ton Heineken granulaat verwerkt = 28 ton Cd ) Gewicht CIGS paneel = 16,6 kg Bevat 0,00065 % Cd = 0,11 gram (30 nm CdS komt overeen met 0,14 gram CdS /m 2 ) 4 december 2014

10 10 Why CIGS? Less than 3 µm thickness is enough to absorb visible light in single pass Only thin film technology that competes with crystalline-si in efficiency (next to CdTe) More kwh per kw p (high performance ratio) Light soaking (underrating of W p specifications) Temperature coefficient Low light performance Can be produced directly on many different (construction) materials: glass, metal, polymers Can be produced in many different ways Widest variety of module concepts Highest potential for midterm cost reduction 4 december 2014

11 Recepten voor CIGS massaproductie Typische procestemperatuur graden Co-evaporatie (of sputteren) met of zonder gradiënten CIG precursor - Sputteren - Printen - Electrochemisch Seleniseren (Se-damp, H 2 Se) Seleen laag opbrengen (Se-damp, H 2 Se) Kristalliseren (RTP) CIGS Cu substraat In, Ga galvanisch Seleniseren/kristalliseren Odersun: failliet

12 Recepten voor CIGS massaproductie Typische procestemperatuur graden

13 Voorbeeld CIGS productielijn (Centrotherm) T.o.v. Si: hogere investeringskosten, lagere running cost Se CdS TCO CIG Mo Contact Scribes Test Junction box Test Lamineren Encapsulatie

14 14 W p : CIGS highest thin film cell efficiency CIGS 4 december 2014

15 15 CIGS efficiency records Present record 21,7% (tandem 23,4%). Different CIGS routes produce similar efficiencies. Solliance mission: Bridging the efficiency gap by more effective, low cost process technology Solar Frontier (sputter + H2Se) ZSW (coevap glass) NREL (coevap glass) Solar Frontier SolarFrontier, TSMC, Solibro, Solopower, etc Stion tandem EMPA (coevap PI 450C) SIVA (coevap <2µm) Samsung Nexcis Record cells Record 30x30 modules Record production modules Commercial CIGS modules Comparison 4 december First 2014 Solar CdTe: 13,4 av prod; 17,0 champion module; 20,4 research record

16 16 /Wp: Forecast CIGS/CZTS market Doubled by 2015 Thin film winner Strong players are investing High potential for cost reduction High potential for efficiency increase (23% mid term) Specific advantages have to be utilized in applications 4 december 2014

17 17 /kwh instead of /Wp Temperature coefficient and low light performance Data as cited by Veronica Bermudez at Berlin Thin Film Week december 2014

18 18 /kwh instead of /Wp: shade tolerance Taken from: CIS modules by Solar Frontier; Highest yields even under extreme conditions 4 december 2014

19 19 /kwh instead of /Wp Taken from: CIS modules by Solar Frontier; Highest yields even under extreme conditions 4 december 2014

20 20 CIGS in Netherlands CIGS modules from several suppliers available on the Dutch market Still a small percentage of total installations (1%?) Study of first experiences

21 21 CIGS in Netherlands Competitive pricing since beginning of this year Prices spot market moving down to 0.40 /W p Dedicated inverters available at lower price Number of installers for thin film increasing Sunflower Solar Systems (CIGS by TSMC)

22 CIGS integration in built environment 22

23 23 CIGS integration in built environment Stion gevelpanelen Amstelveen door Eigenenergie.net

24 CIGS products by Ascent Solar 24

25 DOW Solar roof shingles (CIGS on foil) 25

26 Solyndra (now bankrupt) 26

27 Lithodecor & Odersun (now bankrupt) 27

28 28 Status: CIGS/CZTS 2014 Solar Frontier, scaling production beyond 1 GW Solibro, 95 megawatt in 2011 (sold to Hanergy) MiaSolé, 60 megawatt in 2011 (sold to Hanergy) Solyndra (bankrupt) Avancis (sold to CNBM) Global Solar (sold to Hanergy) Soltecture (bankrupt) Nanosolar (for sale, Hanergy hiring ex-nanosolar employees) AQT (bankrupt) HelioVolt (no commercial production) Ascent Solar ; scaling up in US and China ISET (limited commercial production, company is transitioning to "micro-solar components") Stion (technology partly licenced to TSMC) SoloPower (restart) Solexant (Markus Beck moved to Solexant) TSMC (technology licensed from Stion) NuvoSun (acquired by Dow) Status 2012 Bosch CIGS research only Wurth/Manz equipment offer Flisom, investment (a.o Tata) Nexcis, investment (a.o EDF) Research activities major European players Samsung, research phase Several Chinese investors and startups 4 december 2014

29 29 By Rommel Noufi, NREL, Feb december 2014

30 30 Thank you for your attention! 4 december 2014