How To Understand The Geology Of The Kavsak Bendi Area

Transcription

1 EnerjiSA Power Generation Co. Sabanci Center Kule 2, Kat Levent-ISTANBUL Phone : +90 (212) Fax : +90 (212) Translation Kavsak Bendi Hydroelectric Power Plant Capacity Increase Project ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT EIA Report Final EIA Report DOKAY-EIA Environmental Engineering Ltd. Co. Ovecler 4.Cadde 140/A Dikmen-ANKARA Phone: +90 (312) Fax: +90 (312) NOVEMBER 2009 ANKARA

2 Project Owner: Address: ENERJISA Power Generation Co. Sabanci Center Kule 2, Kat Levent-İSTANBUL Phone Number : +90 (212) Fax Number : +90 (212) Title of Project : Project Cost : Project Location (Province, District, Site) : Kavsak Bendi Hydroelectric Power Plant Capacity Increase Project TL Adana Province, Kozan and Aladag Districts, 8 km downstream of joint of Zamanti and Goksu Rivers, two main creeks of Seyhan River Coordinates of Dam Axis : ( North East, ED 50 UTM Zone 36) Coordinates of Project Location, Zone: Status of Project as per EIA Regulation (Sector, Sub- Sector) Name, Adress, Phone and Fax Number of the Organization which Prepared the Report : Number and Date of Competence Certificate of Organization which prepared the Report: Submission Date of Report (Day, Month, Year): Coordinates of Embankment Type Plant : : ( North East, ED 50 UTM Zone 36) Coordinates of HEPP: : ( North East, ED 50 UTM Zone 36) Project is within the frame of EIA Regulation which took affect after being published in Official Gazette dated and numbered 26939, Annex-1 list. Sector: Energy Sub-Sector: River type plant DOKAY-EIA Environmental Engineering Ltd. Co. Ovecler 4.Cadde No:140/A Dikmen-ANKARA Phone: +90 (312) Fax: +90 (312) Competence Certificate No.: 82 Date of Issue: NOVEMBER 2009 i / xii Translated Document

3 Table of Contents Appendices List of Tables List of Figures Abbreviations TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ii ix x xii xiv I. DEFINITION AND PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT... 1 I.1 Subject of the Project and Definition of the Activity... 1 I.2 Aim and Importance of Project... 6 II. LOCATION OF THE AREA SELECTED FOR PROJECT... 8 II.1 Project Area (Consulting to Adana Governorship Special Provincial Administration in line with 1/100,000 scaled plan, indication of the project area attested in the concerning section plan map on the Environment Plan and Development Plans bearinfg the stamp of true copy of original and including legend and plan notes, or on the existing land use map, if such plans are not available)... 8 II.2 Location of the Units within the scope of the Project (Indication on layout plan or sketch of dam location and embankment type plant to be constructed in addition to dam, regulator, main dam and channel (spillwaywaste outlet), gravel pass/grit arrester, transmission tunnel/channels, forebay-balancing pond, hydroelectric plant unit and associated buildings and facilities, if any crusher, concrete plant, technical infrastructure units, all administrative and social units, if any other units, indication of sizes of indoor and outdoor areas designated for them, displays such as illustrative drawings or model with other techniques, temporary and final storage areas within the scope of the project, site construction to be performed within the dam area andquarry areas- such as stone, sand, gravel, etc. - to be excavated in accordance with the Mining Law, if any, on 1/25,000, 1/5,000 and/or 1/1,000 scaled maps) III. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF THE PROJECT III.1 Investment Program and Financing Resources in respect to the Materialization of the Project III.2 Work Flow Chart or Time Schedule for Realization of Project III.3 Cost-Benefit Analysis of Project III.4 Other Economic, Social and Infrastructure Projects which are excluded from the scope of the Project, though related to the Implementation of the Project and Planned to be Performed by the Project Owner or Other Investors III.5 Expropriation and Resettlement III.6 Other Considerations IV. DETERMINATION OF THE AREA TO BE AFFECTED BY REGULATOR, HEPP AND QUARRIES, IF ANY IN THE FRAME OF THE PROJECT AND ii / xv Translated Document

4 CLARIFICATION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS WITHIN THIS AREA IV.1 Determination of the Area to be Affected by the Project (It will be clarified how and on which basis the impact area is determined and the impact area will be indicated on the map) IV.2 Characteristics of Physical and Biological Environment and Use of Natural Resources within the Impact Area IV.2.1 Meteorological and Climatic Characteristics IV.2.2 Geological Characteristics (regional geology and geological structure of the project site(s), examination of quarries, if any under the titles of their physicochemical properties, tectonic movements, cracks and joints, seismicity, stratigraphic columnar section, logging of drillings, mineral resources, landslide, unique formations, avalanche, flood, rock fall and their 1/100000, 1/25000 and/or 1/5000 scaled geological map or legend and if any geotectonic surveys and information, figure and maps peculiar to them) IV.2.3 Hydro-geological Characteristics of Underground and Thermal Water Resources (water levels, amounts, safe suction values, flow rate of resources, available and planned use), distance of resources from project site IV.2.4 Hydrologic and Ecologic Characteristics, Available and Planned Use of Surface Water Resources (Potable, utility, irrigation water, production of water products, transportation, tourism, power generation, other uses, distance of resources from project site) IV.2.5 Agricultural Lands (agricultural development project areas, special crop plantation areas, size of irrigated and dry farming lands, property status, product patterns and their annual production amount, obtaining necessary permissions as per Law on Soil Conservation and Land Use Numbered 5403) IV.2.6 Properties and Uses of Soils (Physical-chemical and biologic characteristics of soil, land use capability classification, erosion, current use of land) IV.2.7 Forest Lands (amount of forest lands where the project site is located as m 2, species and amounts of trees, their floor space sizes and shadow area, their current and planned protection and/or intended uses, addition of 1/ vegetation map in report) IV.2.8 Protection Areas (National Parks, Natural Parks, Wetlands (information about Zamanti River), Natural Monuments, Natural Reserve Areas, Wildlife Protection Areas, Biogenetic Reserve Areas, Biosphere Reserves, Natural Site and Monuments, Historical, Cultural Sites, Specially Protected Environment Areas, Tourism Areas and Centers; Soil Protection and Land Usage, Areas under the Pasture Law and Aquaculture Law), their distance to project site IV.2.9 Species in Inland Waters (lake, river) (Natural characteristics of these species, species taken under protection by national and international legislations; their reproduction, feeding, shelter and living areas (habitat) and protection decisions for these areas) iii / xv Translated Document

5 IV.2.10 Flora and Fauna (Species, endemic especially local endemic plant species, animal species whose habitats are in the area, species under protection by national and international legislation, rare species and endangered species and location of their habitats within the area, names and populations of game animals and Central Hunting Commission s Decisions concerning these animals) indication of vegetation species at the Project Site on a map. Protection measures required to be taken for species to be affected by the Project and the works (at the stage of construction and operation). Conducting flora studies in the field during vegetation period and identification of this period IV.2.11 Mines and Fossil Fuel Resources (Reserve amounts, available and planned operating conditions, annual productions, significance and economic value for national or local uses) IV.2.12 Animal Husbandry (Species, feeding grounds, annual production amounts, place and value of these products in national economy) IV.2.13 Lands Possessed by and under Disposal of Authorized Bodies of Government (Prohibited Military Zones, areas allocated to the Public Institutions and Organizations for certain purposes, etc.) IV.2.14 Detection of Current Pollution Load of Project Area and its Impact Area in terms of Air, Water, Soil and Noise IV.2.15 If Ready-Mixed Concrete Plant is to be Constructed, Acreage of Area, Coordinates, Property Licence and Submission of Available Land Use Information, Indication of Plant Area on 1/25,000 Scaled Map and Drawing Detailed Situation Plan, Technical Know-How, Production Details of Concrete Plants IV.2.16 Other Characteristics IV.3 Characteristics of Socio- Economical Environment IV.3.1 Economical Characteristics (the main sectors comprising the economical structure of the region, distribution of the regional labor power among these sectors, share and significance of goods and services production within the regional and national economy, other details) IV.3.2 Population (Urban and rural population in the district, population movements, migrations, population growth rates, average household population, other information) IV.3.3 Income (Distribution of the local income to the lines of business, maximum, minimum and average income per capita by the lines of business) IV.3.4 Unemployment (Ratio of unemployed population in the district to the active population) IV.3.5 Social Infrastructure Services in the District (Education, health, cultural services and utilization condition of such services) IV.3.6 Urban and Rural Land Uses (Distribution of building areas, all available and planned areas of usage within this scope such as industrial zones, settlements, tourism areas, etc.) IV.3.7 Other Characteristics iv / xv Translated Document

6 V. IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT ON THE AREA DEFINED IN SECTION IV and measures TO BE TAKEN V.1 Preparation of the Land, Projects at the stage of Construction and Installation, Impacts on Physical and Biological Environment and Measures to be Taken (Dams, Regulator, HES and Quarries, if any, included) V.1.1 Where and to What Extent the Excavation Works to be Performed within the scope of the Works to be Carried Out for the Preparation of the Land, Vegetable Soil and Excavation Amount, Where the Soil, Stones, Sand etc to be Transported and for Which Purposes They are to be Used, Materials to be used during Excavation V.1.2 Transport, Storage and Usage of Inflammable, Explosive, Hazardous, Toxic and Chemical Materials to be Used during the Preparation of the Land and the Construction of the Units, Equipment and Machinery to be Used for these Works V.1.3 Flood Prevention and Drainage Operations V.1.4 Amount of Stone, Sand, Gravel and Similar Materials to be Excavated due to the Works such as Excavation, Bottom Sweep etc. to be Performed for any Reason in Aquatic Environments within the Project Area, Where they are to be Transported or for Which Purposes they will be Used V.1.5 Number of Quarries such as Stone Quarry, Sand Quarry, Clay Quarry to be Excavated within the scope of the Project, Permit Legislation, Field Sizes of the Quarries, Operational Area Sizes and Coordinates, Planned Production Amount, Production Methods to be Applied, Height of Grade, Width of Grade, Slope Angle, Number of Grades, Display of Initial and Final Status of the Quarries on Production Maps and Layout Plans, Clarification in case of not Using Quarries V.1.6 To What Extent the Areas below the Dam Elevation Level (settlements, agricultural lands, other dams and lagoons etc.) to be Affected and Measures to be Taken in this Regard V.1.7 Clarification of How Blasting Work to be Performed in Quarries, Blasting Pattern, Amount of Explosive Substance to be Used in a Single Shot, their Transport, Storage and Usage, Calculations of Air Cannon and Stone Jumps and Assessment of their Impacts V.1.8 Seismicity Assessment for Project Site V.1.9 Measures to be Taken in the face of Earth Movements such as Landslides and Block Falls V.1.10 Working Periods of Production Amount in Quarries (day, month, year), Transportation Routes, Infrastructure Plan for Transportation, Works regarding the Construction of the Infrastructure, Equipment and Machinery to be Used in Project, Where their Maintenance and Repair to be Realized and How and Where Waste Oils to be Produced, Stored and Disposed of, Risk of Accidents due to Machines and Equipment V.1.11 Dust Diffuser Works such as Crushing, Grinding, Transport and Storage During the Construction, Cumulative Values, Installed and Generation v / xv Translated Document

7 Capacity, In Case of Setting up a Crushing - Screening Facility, Provision of Information such as Installed and Production Capacity (annual production amount), Location Details (coordinates), Information on Dust Reduction System, Work Progress Chart, Technology etc V.1.12 Operations for Ground Safety and Preventing Water Leakages in Dam Lake V.1.13 Types and Numbers of the Trees to be Cut Down for the Supply of the Area Required for the Preparation of the Land and Construction Site, Natural Plant Types to be Distincted and to What Extent these Works are to be Performed, Probable Impacts on Fauna V.1.14 Preparation of Land, the Size of Agricultural Lands to be disposed of for Supply of the Necessary Land for Construction Activities, Land Use Capacity Relating to These V.1.15 Types and Properties of Fuel to be Used in the Works to be Carried Out Beginning from the Preparation of the Land Until the Opening of the Units to Operation, Emissions to be Formed, Where Maintenance, Repair and Refueling and Oil Change of Vehicles to Take Place and Measures to be Taken V.1.16 Amount of Water to be Supplied From Resources for Use in Project, System of Water Supply and Amount of Such Water Based on Purpose of Use, Type and Quantity of Waste Water to be Produced and Environments for Discharge of Waste Water V.1.17 Amount of Solid Wastes to Arise Beginning from the Preparation of the Land Until the Opening of the Units to Operation, Disposal of These Solid Wastes V.1.18 Vibration to Arise from the Works to be Carried Out Beginning from the Preparation of the Land Until the Opening of the Units to Operation, Reasons and Level of Noise, Cumulative Values V.1.19 Where and How the Dwelling and Other Social/Technical Infrastructure Needs of the Staff to Work During the Operation of the Project and of the Population Bound to the Staff to be Met V.1.20 Risky and Hazardous Activities at the Operation Stage of the Project for Human Health and Environment V.1.21 Where and How Site Arrangements for Creating Landscape Elements in the Project Area or for Other Purposes (Forestation and/or Green Field Arrangements) to be Made, Plant and Tree Species to be Chosen for This Purpose V.1.22 Determination of the Possible Impacts to be Born on Underground and Surface Cultural and Natural Assets (Traditional Urban Structure and Quarries, if any V.1.23 Other Characteristics V.2 Projects at the Operation Stage of the Project, Impacts on Physical and Biological Environment and Measures to be Taken V.2.1 Properties of All Units within the scope of the Project, Which Activities to be Carried Out in Which Units, their Capacities, Goods and/or Services to be Produced in the Units, Production Amounts of End Products and By-Products vi / xv Translated Document

8 V.2.2 Possible Impacts of Water Retention on Water Quality and Life in Aquatic Environment (identification of properties and number of fish passageways to be Built for Travelling Fish Species in River), Immemorial Water Rights and Amount of Water to be Kept in Stream Bed as Environmental Flow Rate for Sustaining Natural Life (sap water amount), How to Calculate this Amount, Possible Impacts on Stream Bed V.2.3 Climate Change Due to Water Retention and Possible Impacts on Flora, Fauna, Habitat and Biotopes as a Result of That Kind of Change V.2.4 Impacts on the Areas required to be Protected by National and International Legislation V.2.5 Possible Changes in Downstream as a result of the Use of the Water Supply Resource (Erosion, River Hydrology, Hydrophilic Life, Incoming Sediment, etc.) V.2.6 Other Uses of the Resource if any and Impacts of Such Uses V.2.7 Possible Impacts on the Underground and Surface Water Resources V.2.8 Measures to be adopted for Elongating Life Time of Dam- Regulator (landscaping works, plant and three species to be chosen for this, erosion, carrying of sediments etc. for landscaping) V.2.9 Where and How to Meet the Accommodation and Other Social 7 Technical Infrastructure Needs of the Personnel to be Employed for the Execution of Project Works and Population Sourced from this Personnel V.2.10 Characteristics of Treatment Plant to be Applied for Treatment of Waste Water to Arise After the Usage of Drinking and Utility Water in Administrative and Social Units, Elaboration of the Process and to Which Receiving Environment, to What Amount and How the Treated Waste Water to be Released V.2.11 Possible Impact of Forest Lands and Identification of Measures to be Taken against such Impacts V.2.12 Amount and Properties of Solid Waste to Arise from Housing, Social and Administrative Plants, to Where and How Solid Waste to be Transported or for Which Purposes and How They are to be Recycled V.2.13 Source of the Noise to Arise during the Operation of the Project Units and Measures to be Taken for Noise Control V.2.14 Other Characteristics V.3 Impacts of the Project on Socio-Economic Environment V.3.1 Expected Revenue Growth by the Project; Employment Opportunities to be Created, Population Movements, Migrations, Education, Health, Culture, Other Social and Technical Infrastructure Services and Changes in Utilization Status of such Services, etc V.3.2 Environmental Benefit-Cost Analyses VI. OPERATION, POSSIBLE AND ONGOING İMPACTS AFTER THE CLOSURE OF THE PROJECT AND MEASURES TO BE TAKEN AGAINST SUCH İMPACTS VI.1 Land Improvement vii / xv Translated Document

9 VI.2 Land Improvement and Reclamation Works to be done on Project site and in Quarries VI.3 Impacts on Available Water Resources VII. ALTERNATIVES OF THE PROJECT VII.1 Alternative Technologies for Electricity Generation VII.2 Alternatives of the Project VII.3 No Action Alternative (Zero Alternative) VIII. MONITORING PROGRAM VIII.1 Monitoring Program Suggested for the Construction of Facility, Operation of Facility, Monitoring Program Proposed for the Period after Operation and Emergency Response Program VIII.2 Program Concerning the Fulfillment of the Provisions included in the Fourth Paragraph under Title Obligations of Institutions/Organizations Obtaining Certificate of Competency in the Notice of Competency if EIA Positive Certificate is Granted IX. PARTICIPATION OF THE LOCAL COMMUNITY X. CONCLUSIONS viii / xv Translated Document

10 ANNEXES Annex-A Annex-B Annex-C Annex-D Annex-E Annex-F Annex-G Annex-H Annex- I Annex-J Annex-K Annex-L Annex-M Annex-N Annex-O Annex-P Official Correspondences EIA Report Format 1-1/25,000 Scaled Topographic Map 2-1/5,000 Scaled General Layout Plan 1/100,000 Scaled Adana Sample Landscaping Plan Sewer System type Projects Long Term Meteorology Bulletin of Kozan Meteorological Station and Highest Rainfall Rates observed in Standard Times 1-1/25,000 Scaled General Geological Map 2 Engineering Geology and Natural Construction Materials Report 3 Upper Seyhan Basin Tectonic Units 4 Generalized Stratighraphy Column Section pertaning to Feke Unit 5 Geologic Cross Section along Dam Axis 6 Cross Section of Right Coast which is parallel to Seyhan River 7-1/5,000 Scaled Engineering Geological Maps 8 Maps displaying Drilling Spots Projects in downstream and upstream of Kavsak Bendi HEPP Vegetation Map Map of Areas where hunting is permitted and prohibited in Adana Province Evaluation of Seyhan Basin with regard to Fish Fauna Kavsak Bendi Biological Study Report Blasting Information The total monthly inlet streams in case of upstream development of Kavsak Bendi Emergency Response Plan Minutes of Local Community Participation Meeting Introduction of the EIA Project Team ix / xv Translated Document

11 LIST OF TABLES Page Table I-1 Technical Information about Kavsak Bendi Dam and HEPP... 2 Table I-2 General Information about Kavsak Bendi HEPP... 6 Table I-3 Installed Capacity Distribution of Turkey (2008)... 6 Table II-1 Coordinates of Project Site... 8 Table II-2 Approximate Sizes of Areas covered by Kavsak Bendi HEPP Project Units...13 Table IV-1 Kozan Meteorological Station...21 Table IV-2 Blow Counts of Winds (Monthly and Annual)...22 Table IV-3 Wind Blow Count in Winter Season...23 Table IV-4 Blow Count of Wind for Spring Season...24 Table IV-5 Blow Count of Wind for Summer Season...25 Table IV-6 Blow Count of Wind for Autumn Season...26 Table IV-7 Kozan Meteorological Station s Average Wind Velocity Distribution by Directions ( )...27 Table IV-8 Long-term Temperature Data of the Kozan Meteorological Station...30 Table IV-9 Number of Temperature Days in the Region...32 Table IV-10 Precipitation Data of the Kozan Meteorological Station...32 Table IV-11 Relative Humidity Data from Kozan Meteorological Station...33 Table IV-12 Values of the Numbered Days in the Region...34 Table IV-13 Numbered Days in the Region...35 Table IV-14 Underground Water Resources of Adana Province...52 Table IV-15 Total Land Assets for Adana Province by Districts...57 Table IV-16 Agricultural Production Amounts for Adana Province...57 Table IV-17 Citrus Fruits Production Amounts for Adana Province...58 Table IV-18 Agricultural Production Amounts and Land Assets of Kozan District...58 Table IV-19 Land Use Capability Classes and Suitability for Cultivation...61 x / xv Translated Document

12 Table IV-20 Mining Activities of Kozan District...66 Table IV-21 Ovines Stocks for the Districts of Adana Province...67 Table IV-22 Bovine Stocks for the Districts of Adana Province...68 Table IV-23 Numbers and Product Amounts of Beehives for the Districts of Adana Province...68 Table IV-24 Poultry Stock for the Districts of Adana Province...69 Table IV-25 Measurement Results of Water Sample...70 Table IV-26 Noise Measurement Results...70 Table IV-27 Coordinates of Concrete Plant Locations...71 Table IV-28 Distribution of Agricultural Lands in Adana Province...74 Table IV-29 Sectoral Distribution of Active Population (%)...76 Table IV-30 Population Data for Adana Province and its Districts derived from the results of 2008 ABPRS...77 Table IV-31 Population Based on Literacy and Latest Educational Institute Graduated from...80 Table IV-32 Schools located in the vicinity of Project Site and Number of Students...81 Table IV-33 Land Use Patterns in Kozan District...83 Table V-1 Amount of Excavation Materials...85 Table V-2 Amount of Materials to be Collected on Storage areas...87 Table V-3 Coordinates of Proposed KET Locations...95 Table V-4 Dust Emission Values of Sources...99 Table V-5 PM 10 Concentrations Calculated in Settlements Table V-6 Comparison of the Maximum PM 10 Concentrations Calculated by Modeling Study with Associated Limit Values Table V-7 Comparison of PM Depositions with Limit Values Table V-8 Calculated PM Depositions in Settlements Table V-9 PM 10 Measuring Results Table V-10 Chemical Characteristics of Diesel Fuel xi / xv Translated Document

13 Table V-11 Estimation of Emissions to Arise from Construction Machinery Table V-12 Number of Machines and Equipment to Possibly Cause Noise during Construction and Associated Noise Levels Table V-13 Distribution of Equivalent Noise Level of Machines and Equipment by Distance Table V-14 Environmental Noise Limit Values for Construction Sites Table V-15 Results of Noise Measurement (dba) in Day Hours (07:00 am- 07:00 pm)..119 Table V-16 Calculation of Environmental flow Required to be Released from Kavsak Bendi HEPP Table V-17 Task and Number of Personnel to be Employed during the Operation Phase xii / xv Translated Document

14 LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure II-1 Site Location Map of Project... 9 Figure II-2 Satellite images of Project Site...10 Figure II-3 Photograph of Project Site...11 Figure II-4 Photograph-1 of Construction Site...11 Figure II-5 Photograph-2 of Construction Site...12 Figure III-1 Implementation Program of Project...16 Figure IV-1 Annual Wind Rose based on Annual Blow Counts...22 Figure IV-2 Wind Rose based on Blow Count for Winter Season...23 Figure IV-3 Wind Rose by Blow Count for Spring Season...24 Figure IV-4 Wind Rose based on Blow Count for Summer Season...25 Figure IV-5 Wind Rose by Blow Count for Autumn Season...26 Figure IV-6 Average Wind Velocity ( )...27 Figure IV-7 Annual Wind Rose based on Average Wind Velocity...28 Figure IV-8 Monthly Wind Roses based on Blow Counts...30 Figure IV-9 Monthly Temperature Values of the Kozan Meteorological Station ( )...31 Figure IV-10 Monthly Average Temperature Values of the Kozan Meteorological Station ( )...31 Figure IV-11 Monthly Precipitation Figures of the Kozan Meteorological Station ( )...33 Figure IV-12 Monthly Relative Humidity Values of the Kozan Meteorological Station ( )...34 Figure IV-13 Values of Heavy Rainfall Analysis Recorded by the Kozan Meteorological Station ( )...35 Figure IV-14 Average Number of Days with Hail Recorded by the Kozan Meteorological Station ( )...35 Figure IV-15 Average Number of Days with Thunderstorm Recorded by the Kozan Meteorological Station...36 xiii / xv Translated Document

15 Figure IV-16 General View of Bedding and Joints of Limestone belonging to Ziyarettepe Formation surfacing on Dam Site...38 Figure IV-17 The Image of Blocky Talus on Left Coast of Dam Site...41 Figure IV-18 Characteristics of Rocks Located on Dam Area and Energy Tunnel Route.44 Figure IV-19 Earthquake Map of Turkey...50 Figure IV-20 Earthquake Map for Adana Province...51 Figure IV-21 Land Assets of Adana...57 Figure IV-22 Land Assets of the Project Site and Suitability of Lands for Agricultural Use, Distribution of Major Soil Groups...61 Figure IV-23 Forest Lands of Adana Province...62 Figure IV-24 Mining Map for Adana Province...67 Figure IV-25 Illustrative Photograph of a Concrete Plant...72 Figure IV-26 Age Groups Distribution of Adana Province...78 Figure IV-27 Age Groups Distribution of Aladag District...78 Figure IV-28 Age Groups Distribution of Kozan District...78 Figure IV-29 Sectoral Distribution of Gross Domestic Product in Adana Province (as of 2001)...79 Figure IV-30 Unemployment Rates based on Gender in Adana Province...80 Figure IV-31 Lands in Adana Province...82 Figure IV-32 Distribution of Agricultural Lands in Adana Province...83 Figure V-1 KET Work Flow Chart...96 Figure V-2 Figure illustrating the Dust Prevention Applications at KETs...97 Figure V-3 Display of Distribution Area on Two- Dimensional Topographical Map Figure V-4 Long Term Wind Rose of Kozan Meteorological Station ( ) Figure V-5 Wind Rose for the Year 2005 by Kozan Meteorological Station Figure V-6 Daily Distributions of PM 10 Concentrations Figure V-7 Annual Distributions of PM 10 Concentrations (Under Control) Figure V-8 Annual Distribution of PM Depositions (Non-Controlled scenario) xiv / xv Translated Document

16 Figure V-9 Daily Distribution of PM Depositions (Non-Controlled scenario) Figure V-10 Distribution of Equivalent Noise Level Sourced from Machines and Equipment by Distances Figure IX-1 Newspaper Advertisements for the Announcement of the Local Community Participation Meetings Figure IX-2 Photo -1 from the Public Participation Meeting Figure IX-3 Photo -2 from the Public Participation Meeting xv / xv Translated Document

17 ABBREVIATIONS ABPRS APK C CHC CITES cm dba DCWP DPT DSI EIA EIE EPDK ERL ERS ES EUAS g GDP GWhr ha HEPP hr Hz INC. IUCN kg km kv kva L m m 3 /sa METU mm MTA MW No. Address- Based Population Registration System Research Planning and Coordination Centigrade Central Hunting Commission Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Centimeter A-weighted Decibel Directive on Control of Water Pollution T.R. Prime Ministry Undersecretariat of State Planning Organization General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works Environmental Impact Assessment General Directorate of Electric Power Resources Survey and Development Administration Energy Market Regulatory Authority European Red List Emergency Response Plan Elementary School Electricity Generation Inc. Gram Gross Domestic Product Giga Watt hour Hectare Hydroelectric Power Plant Hour Hertz Incorporated Company International Union for Conservation of Nature (Red List of Threatened Species) Kilogram Kilometer Kilo volt Kilo volt ampere Liter Meter Cubic meter/hour Middle East Technical University Milimeter General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration Mega Watt Number xvi / xv Translated Document

18 RAMEN RAQAM RCAPOIE s T.R. TEIAS TPAO TUIK USEPA Regulation on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise Regulation on Air Quality Assessment and Management Regulation on Control of Air Pollution Originated from Industrial Establishment Second Republic of Turkey Turkish Electricity Transmission Inc. Turkish Petroleum Corporation Turkish Statistical Institute United States of America Environmental Protection Agency xvii / xv Translated Document

19 NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY OF PROJECT ENERJISA Power Generation Co. (ENERJISA) is planning to operate Kavsak Bendi Hydroelectric Power Plant (HEPP) Project (Project) in order to produce electrical energy in 8 km downstream of joint of Zamanti and Goksu rivers, two main creeks of Seyhan River, within the borders of Kozan and Aladag Districts of Adana Province. Project has been designed as Kavsak Bendi Dam and Kavsak Bendi HEPP with MW installed capacity in 2 km downstream of the dam. EIA Report has been prepared according to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Directive that took effect having been published in the Official Gazette dated and numbered and EIA Positive Certificate has been obtained from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) on After the EIA Positive Certificate was obtained, construction of access roads and inlet and outlet portals of derivation tunnels and energy tunnel have largely been completed within the scope of construction works launched in August Water potential and flood discharge for the Project have been updated according to current data and optimization studies have been carried out. As a result of these studies, Revised Feasibility Report (RFR) dated July 2008 which included updated installed capacity has been examined and approved by the General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSI), Department of Survey and Planning (See Annex-A). Compensation water amount of 5 m 3 /s which has been pledged in Final EIA Report dated September 2007 for the sustainability of aquatic life has been evaluated in the above-mentioned RFR and construction of an embankment type plant with 2.92 MW installed capacity was approved as a result of optimization studies and economical analysis. According to latest revisions, the installed capacity of Kavsak Bendi HEPP has been planned to be increased to MW. Installed capacity of the Project has been revised as MW in total together with embankment type plant. Thus, installed capacity of the Project has been increased to MW from MW with an increase margin of MW. Maximum operation water level cited in September 2007 dated Final EIA Report has not been changed, however, installed capacity of turbines and nominal capacity of generators have been increased. Pursuant to approval by DSI of the RFR which has been prepared for abovementioned revision, Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EPDK) was applied for amendment of electricity generation licence. Correspondences exchanged in this regard are submitted in Annex-A. Non-Technical Summary of Project Translated Document

20 It was inferred from the field study and detailed geologic and geotechnical investigations on Project Site that materials to be acquired from excavations of dam units will be adequate for dam construction and adequate amount of clay will be acquired from excavations which will be realized for construction of Project units. Thus, quarries cited in the Final EIA Report of Kavsak Bendi Dam, HEPP and Quarries which have been granted EIA Positive Decision dated will not be used, any more quarries will not be opened. Above-mentioned changes have been investigated thoroughly, information about construction works has been provided, works, measurements conducted in terms of monitoring activities and their results have been included in this EIA Report. Additionally, Biological Study which was carried out by Hacettepe University lecturers Expert Hasim ALTINOZLU and Prof. Dr. Salih Levent TURAN for investigation of Project Site and surrounding flora and fauna structure, detection of preservation status, determination of possible project impacts on flora and fauna and necessary mitigation measures and the study carried out by Hacettepe University lecturer Prof. Dr. Fusun ERKAKAN for detection of fish fauna have been covered. The amount of compensation water required for the sustainment of river ecosystem has been revised and 9.42 m 3 /s compensation water will be released to downstream of dam. Fish passage will not be established within the scope of Project due to technical reasons. Since installed capacity of Project is proposed to be increased from 145 MW to MW, Article 7 item ( c ) of the EIA Regulation stipulates that In case of capacity increase and/or expansion about projects which are within or outside the scope of this Regulation, preparation of EIA Report is obligatory for projects whose total capacity increase amounts to or exceeds the threshold value cited in ANNEX-I of this Regulation. Hence, a new EIA process has been launched for Kavsak Bendi HEPP Capacity Increase Project and this EIA Report has been prepared according to the format given in Annex-B. Non-Technical Summary of Project Translated Document

21 I. DEFINITION AND PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT (Definition of the project activity, project life span, service purposes, market or service areas and their significance and vitality within this area in national, regional and/or provincial level in economic and social aspects) I.1 Subject of the Project and Definition of the Activity ENERJISA is planning to operate Kavsak Bendi HEPP Project in order to produce electrical energy on 8 km downstream of joint of Zamanti and Goksu rivers, two main creeks of Seyhan River within Lower Seyhan Basin. In 1980 dated Lower Seyhan Basin Master Plan Report of the DSI, installed capacity of Kavsak Bendi HEPP Project was established to be 120 MW and the length of transmission tunnel to be 8,600 m. However, as it was found that construction of long transmission tunnel proposed is impossible due to geological conditions, poses great risks and even if the construction is possible, cost would be high, a shorter, cost-effective tunnel route which is relatively more convenient for construction in geological terms and a corresponding project formulation have been adopted. In this context, dam axis of Kavsak Bendi Project cited in Master Plan has been moved 7.5 km downstream, it has been located on m river bed elevation and crest elevation has been determined to be m, while the height from river bed was determined as 73 m. Plant location and tailwater elevation cited in Master Plan for Project with 145 MW installed capacity have been preserved. Water potential and flood discharge for Kavsak Bendi HEPP Project have been updated according to current data and optimization studies have been conducted. In consequence of optimization studies and economic analysis relating to 5 m 3 /s compensation water which has been committed in the September 2007 dated Final EIA Report to be released for sustainability of river ecosystem, a penstock pipe of 1.50 m diameter and embankment type plant with 2.92 MW installed capacity have been designed. Relying on the results obtained from above-mentioned activities and works, project discharge, diameter of tunnel and penstock pipe, installed capacity and main dam type have been selected. Quantities and survey lists for Project units have been prepared, economic analyses in accordance with work scheme have been conducted, annual income, expense and net benefits and income/expense rates have been calculated. Maximum operation water level of project has been maintained, total storage volume has been reduced to 30 hm 3 from 51 hm 3, installed capacity and nominal capacity of turbines have been increased. 1 Translated Document

22 Installed capacity of Project has been increased to MW from 145 MW within the scope of RFR which was approved by the DSI. These revisions aimed at obtaining an increase in Project internal rate of return. Technical information about Project units as cited in August 2006 dated Feasibility Report on Kavsak Bendi HEPP Project and general information about the Project as cited in RFR have been presented in Table I-1 and Table I-2. Table I-1 Technical Information about Kavsak Bendi Dam and HEPP INSTALLED CAPACITY AND ENERGY GENERATION KAVSAK BENDI HEPP PROJECT FEASIBILITY REPORT August 2006 KAVSAK BENDI HEPP PROJECT RFR, July 2008 KAVSAK EMBANKMENT TYPE HEPP (RFR, July 2008) At Present Unit Amount Amount Amount Installed power MW Firm energy GWhr/year Secondary energy GWhr/year Total energy GWhr/year At Complete Upstream Development Installed capacity MW Firm energy GWhr/year Secondary energy GWhr/year Total energy GWhr/year HYDROLOGY- METEOROLOGY Precipitation area km 2 13,200 13,200 Average flow in dam area Natural situation hm , Current Irrigation situation hm 3 3, , Complete upstream development situation Peak discharge with 10 years recurrence interval Peak discharge with 25 years recurrence interval Peak discharge with 50 years recurrence interval Peak discharge with 100 years recurrence interval hm 3 3, , m 3 /s 1, ,450 m 3 /s 1, ,892 m 3 /s 2,071 2,258 m 3 /s 2, ,659 Maximum possible flood discharge m 3 /s 7,005 6,426 Annual sediment efficiency m 3 /km 2 /year Maximum air temperature of dam area Minimum air temperature of dam area Annual average evaporation from reservoir RESERVOIR o C o C mm/year Maximum operation water level m Minimum operation water level m Weighted plant water level Current irrigational use m Translated Document

23 KAVSAK BENDI HEPP PROJECT FEASIBILITY REPORT August 2006 KAVSAK BENDI HEPP PROJECT RFR, July 2008 Complete Upstream Development m Total storage Volume (In maximum operation level) hm Active storage volume hm Volume in minimum operation level hm Lake zone (In maximum operation level) Reservoir Length km In the course of Goksu River km In the course of Zamanti River km DAM Dam type (Concrete Compressed with Cylinder) Concrete Gravity RCC Crest elevation m Height from river bed m Height from groundwork m Crest length m Crest width m Upstream slope inclination (between ) (below m) Vertical 1 H / 5 V 0.6 H / 1 V Downstream slope inclination 0.7 H / 1 V 0.8 H / 1 V Main dam volume m 3 381, ,600 UPSTREAM COFFER DAM Type Rockfill with Clay Core Rockfill with Clay Core Crest elevation m Coffer dam volume m ,000 DOWNSTREAM COFFER DAM Type Rockfill with Clay Core Rockfill with Clayed Water Surface Crest elevation m Coffer dam volume m 3 25,000 17,800 DERIVATION Number and type 2, Modified horseshoe 2, Modified horseshoe Internal diameter of tunnel m Total Tunnel Length DR 1 m DR Tunnel Inclination DR 1 m DR 2 m Derivation capacity (2 tunnels) m 3 /s 1,765 1,892 WASTE OUTLET Number 1 1 Capacity m 3 /s KAVSAK EMBANKMENT TYPE HEPP (RFR, July 2008) 3 Translated Document

24 KAVSAK BENDI HEPP PROJECT FEASIBILITY REPORT August 2006 KAVSAK BENDI HEPP PROJECT RFR, July 2008 Waste outlet diameter m Waste outlet minimum water discharge level (bottom) Waste outlet minimum water discharge level (Top) m m Waste outlet valves Number 1 sliding valve 1 sliding valve SPILLWAY Type Number With radial gate on main structure 1 hollow bunger With radial gate on main structure Threshold level m Number of radial gate number 4 3 Dimension of radial gate m x x Width (12.60 x x 2) m Length of discharge channel m Level of splash point m Inverted capacity m 3 /s 7,005 5,053 ENERGY INTAKE STRUCTURE Type Concrete triple portal Concrete double water KAVSAK EMBANKMENT TYPE HEPP (RFR, July 2008) Front intake Intake structure threshold level m Dimensions m 36 x x 26 3 x 2.22 ENERGY TUNNEL Type Modified horseshoe Modified horseshoe Internal diameter of tunnel m Tunnel length (until surge tank) m 1,950 2,593 Inclination PENSTOCK PIPE Length (Until branches from surge tank) m 7.40 m in diameter 90 m 9.00 m and 8.00m in diameter 192 m 1.50 m in diameter m Number of branch Diameter and length of branch m 4.30 PLANT BUILDING In various diameters between 8.00 m and 3.50 m Type Semi-embedded Semi-embedded Semi-embedded Number of units At present Unit Amount Amount Amount Inlet valve type -- Butterfly Butterfly Inlet valve diameter m Plant dimensions (Length x Width x Height) 42.3x28.9x m x m x m Tail water channel x m -- TURBINS 4 Translated Document - 16x17x31 Installed capacity MW (3x48.5) 177 (3 x 59 MW) 1x2.92 Turbine type Vertical axis Francis Vertical axis Francis Vertical axis Francis Number of unit 3 3 1

25 KAVSAK BENDI HEPP PROJECT FEASIBILITY REPORT August 2006 KAVSAK BENDI HEPP PROJECT RFR, July 2008 KAVSAK EMBANKMENT TYPE HEPP (RFR, July 2008) Turbine discharge m 3 /s Maximum gross head(318,00 m- 232,50 m) m Maximum net head (1 turbine) m Synchronous speed rpm GENERATORS Number Type Three phases synchronous with vertical axis and salient pole Three phases synchronous with vertical axis and salient pole Three phases synchronous with vertical axis and salient pole Unit nominal capacity kva Nominal output capacity 13,80 ± %10 kv 10,80 ± %10 kv Power factor 0,90 0,90 (back) 0,85 (back) Frequency Hz Synchronous rotation speed rpm , Pole number 28 çift 4 çift Excitation type Static excitation Rotating diode Wrapping isolation of stator and rotor Class F Class F TRANSFORMERS Main tranformers Number Type 3 phases External, oilinsulated External, oilinsulated Unit cominal capacity MVA 3,70 MVA Nominal voltage 13,8 / 154±%2 x 2,5 kv 10,6 / 154±%2 x 2,5 kv Connection group YNd5 YNd5 Frequency Hz Cooling type ONAN- ONAF ONAN Number of internal requirement transformer Type phase Internal, cast resin transformer with no-bake binder Internal, cast resin transformer with no-bake binder Nominal capacity of a transformer kva Nominal voltage kv 13,8 ±%2 x 2,5 / 0,4 10,6 ±%2 x 2,5 / 0,4 Frequency Hz Source: Kavsak Dam and HEPP, August 2006 abd Kavsak Bendi HEPP RFR, July Translated Document

26 Table I-2 General Information about Kavsak Bendi HEPP INSTALLED CAPACITY AND ENERGY GENERATION Unit KAVSAK BENDİ HEPP PROJECT (AUGUST 2006) KAVSAK HEPP PROJECT CAPACITY INCREASE (July 2008) KAVSAK KAVSAK HEPP EMBANKMENT TYPE HEPP TOTAL Installed capacity MW Firm energy GWhr/year Secondary energy GWhr/year Total energy GWhr/year Source-1: Kavsak Bendi and HEPP Feasibility Additional Report, Doğru Muhendislik,October 2006 Source-2: Kavsak Bendi HEPP RFR, July 2008 As can be seen from Table I-2, total installed capacity of the Project installed capacity of which has been increased to MW from MW has been increased to MW with embankment type plant with 2.92 MW installed capacity. I.2 Aim and Importance of Project It is crucial meet our energy demand by ensuring uninterrupted, sufficient, reliable and secure supply of energy in an environmentally responsible manner. For the purpose of ensuring sustainable development, it is necessary to utilize the renewable energy resources, which are clean and environment friendly, at maximum level. Hydro-electric energy occupies the most important place among the renewable resources of our country. As is the case around the globe, the need for energy has been increasing day by day in our country depending on industrial development. Electric energy generation of Turkey has been increasing in parallel with the need. According to annual report (2008) of Electricity Generation Inc. (EUAS), energy need of countries are shaped depending on many socio-economic factors such as population, social and economic development level, industrialization, urbanization, technological development. It is of utmost importance that electric energy, one of the most important inputs of socio-economic development, is supplied uninterruptedly and in adequate amount and taking into account its impacts on economic conditions and environment. According to aforesaid report, total installed capacity of Turkey is 40,835.7 MW (See Table I-3). Table I-3 Installed Capacity Distribution of Turkey (2008) Installed Capacity EUAS (MW) Other Sectors (MW) Turkey (Total) (MW) Thermal power 8, , ,294.5 Hydraulic power 11, , ,394.9 Wind Total 20, , ,835.7 Source: 6 Translated Document

27 According to data in Table I-3, amount of total energy generated in Turkey is 40,835.7 MW as of Out of this amount, 27,294.5 MW are provided from fossil fuel plant, 13,394.9 MW are provided from hydroelectric plant, MW are provided from wind plant. Hydroelectric power plants are superior to other power generation systems in that they are renewable, they use local natural resources, their operating and maintenance costs are low, they have long physical life spans, they cause relatively less adverse environmental impacts and they revive economic and social structure in rural area. The Region wherein the Project is located accommodates 7.3% of Turkey population, is one of the leading areas of country in terms of agriculture, industry and tourism. Thus, immigrations from neighboring provinces play a considerable role in the population growth of the region. Cukurova is an important electric energy market since it is a significant industrial and touristic region besides its rapid population growth. It will be most reasonable approach to canalize and benefit the current inactive hydroelectric potential of Cukurova in an optimum way for meeting energy need of the region which consumes at annually increasing amounts the energy generated in other regions via interconnected system. It has been aimed to contribute to national and regional economy by benefiting from the project in an optimum manner both for energy generation and other purposes. 7 Translated Document

28 II. II.1 LOCATION OF THE AREA SELECTED FOR PROJECT Project Area (Consulting to Adana Governorship Special Provincial Administration in line with 1/100,000 scaled plan, indication of the project area attested in the concerning section plan map on the Environment Plan and Development Plans bearinfg the stamp of true copy of original and including legend and plan notes, or on the existing land use map, if such plans are not available) Kavsak Bendi HEPP Project is located in 8 km downstream of joint of Zamanti and Goksu rivers, two main creeks of Seyhan River, Lower Seyhan Basin. Project site is within the borders of Adana Province, Aladag and Kozan districts, the site is 7 km far from Aladag District and 27 km far from Kozan District. Coordinate information peculiar to Kavsak Bendi Dam and HEPP is given in Table II-1. Table II-1 Coordinates of Project Site Project Units Coordinates (UTM Zone: 36) North East Kavsak Bendi Dam Axis Kavsak Bendi HEPP Kavsak Bendi HEPP Site location map of Project is given in Figure II-1, satellite images showing the Project Site are given in Figure II-2, the photographs of the Project Site are given in Figure II-3, Figure II-4 and Figure II-5. Project Site has an undulating topography and flat terrains are in the form of plateaus. Large planes and lowlands are not present. Height of hills located on Project Site and surrounding is generally 1,300-1,600 m. Valley topography is more vertical in east and right coasts. Hills near dam axis are Metinkaya Hill (1,092 m), Somakli Hill (1,254 m), Ziyaret Hill (1,655 m) on right coast and Karasivri Hill (1,423 m), Karlik Hill (Henuz Mountain, 1,490 m) on the left coast. The nearest settlements to Dam site are Guven Quarter (1,600 m) of Henuzcakiri Village (Kozan), Karahan Village (3,400 m) (Aladag) and Topaktas Quarter (1,750 m) within this village; while the nearest settlements to Plant site are Gokcekoy Village (1,100 m) (Aladag) and Gokce Quarter (850 m) within this village. Project Site is accessed via the 29km long highway from Kozan District to Akdam village and then using the 16km long stabilized road under construction connecting Akdam and the Site. 8 Translated Document

29 1/25,000 scaled topographic map which exhibits locations of dam and HEPP within the scope of project cited in Final EIA Report dated September 2007 and revised locations is presented in Annex C-1, 1/5,000 scaled General Layout Plan displaying the project units is presented in Annex C-2. 1/100,000 scaled Adana Environmental Master Plan exhibiting project site is presented in Annex-D. Project Site has been determined as HEPP site on aforesaid plan. Figure II-1 Site Location Map of Project 9 Translated Document

30 Source: GoogleEarth Figure II-2 Satellite images of Project Site 10 Translated Document

31 Figure II-3 Photograph of Project Site Figure II-4 Photograph-1 of Construction Site 11 Translated Document

32 Figure II-5 Photograph-2 of Construction Site II.2 Location of the Units within the scope of the Project (Indication on layout plan or sketch of dam location and embankment type plant to be constructed in addition to dam, regulator, main dam and channel (spillway-waste outlet), gravel pass/grit arrester, transmission tunnel/channels, forebay-balancing pond, hydroelectric plant unit and associated buildings and facilities, if any crusher, concrete plant, technical infrastructure units, all administrative and social units, if any other units, indication of sizes of indoor and outdoor areas designated for them, displays such as illustrative drawings or model with other techniques, temporary and final storage areas within the scope of the project, site construction to be performed within the dam area andquarry areas- such as stone, sand, gravel, etc. - to be excavated in accordance with the Mining Law, if any, on 1/25,000, 1/5,000 and/or 1/1,000 scaled maps) 1/25,000 scaled topographic map displaying the Project Site which has been prepared by licensed (Licence no: ) ArcInfo 9.3 program by DOKAY GIS department and 1/5,000 scaled General Layout Plan displaying the locations and detailed drawings of Project units are available in Annex C-1 and Annex C-2, respectively. Approximate sizes of areas covered by Project units are given in Table II-2. Construction of any additional units has not been planned within the scope of capacity increase of the Project. 12 Translated Document

33 Table II-2 Approximate Sizes of Areas covered by Kavsak Bendi HEPP Project Units Name of Unit Covered Area (m 2 ) Main dam 13,400 Inlet structure of derivation tunnels 1,700 Outlet structure of derivation tunnels 1,600 Energy inlet structure 1,800 Surge tank 640 Power plant 3,100 Switchyard 7,200 D1 Storage Area 82,700 D2 Storage Area 123,800 D3 Storage Area 161,340 D4 Storage Area 49,570 D5 Storage Area 25,714 Crusher (KET) -1 25,000 KET-2 6,200 Concrete Plant (BS) -1 4,900 BS-2 3,500 BS-3 3,550 Use of quarries for supply of material to be used in construction of units has not been planned within the scope of Project. 13 Translated Document

34 III. III.1 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF THE PROJECT Investment Program and Financing Resources in respect to the Materialization of the Project As cited in Section I, RFR which was prepared for the Project has been approved by DSI. Due to revisions in the Project (e.g. use of concrete compaction by rolling rather than rockfill for main dam), Project cost and annual expenditures have been updated according to current data. While carrying out the economic analysis of the Project, it has been taken into consideration that permanent equipment of the plants will completely be renewed after 35 years. Part of the total investment amount of Project will be provided with equity capital and some part will be provided by international finance institutions (Kavsak Bendi HEPP RFR, 2008). III.2 Work Flow Chart or Time Schedule for Realization of Project It has been envisaged that construction of facilities within the scope of Project will be completed in 36 months and operation period will be 49 years. Work Schedule of the Project is given in Figure III-1. According to this table, construction activities which launched in August 2008 will be completed by the end of 2011 and Project will be operated in March III.3 Cost-Benefit Analysis of Project Total annual energy income of Project is 54,196,240 TL. Annual total expense which are composed of Project cost consisting of estimated cost and facility cost, total interest, operation-maintenance and amortisement charges is 48,747,111 TL. Accordingly, in upstream development case, current values of annual energy benefits and expenditure of the Project have been calculated based on cash flow determined for Project by using 9.5% discount rate approved by DSI. Income and expenditure ratio which has been calculated by division of current values addition of calculated annual energy benefits to current values addition of Project expenditures is Internal rate of return the Project has been calculated as 11.33%. 14 Translated Document

35 III.4 Other Economic, Social and Infrastructure Projects which are excluded from the scope of the Project, though related to the Implementation of the Project and Planned to be Performed by the Project Owner or Other Investors Water Supply and Waste Water Treatment Drinking water necessitated at the construction stage of the Project will be supplied from market with dispenser size bottles, potable water will be supplied in tankers from resources and settlements in the vicinity. At operation stage of Project, only potable water need of personnel will be in question and this need will be met with dispenser size bottles. 15 Translated Document

36 Figure III-1 Implementation Program of Project 16 Translated Document

37 Sewage waters to be sourced from personnel at stage of must be collected in impermeable cesspools. When cesspools are full, sewage waters are sucked by sewage trucks and are disposed of by Kozan Municipality. In advance stages of Project, two package treatment plants with capacity of 600 and 150 people will be founded, waste waters will be collected in impermeable cesspools or tanks having been treated in such a way as to comply with criteria provided for in the Directive on Control of Water Pollution (DCWP), Table 21. Stored waste water will be sucked by sewage truck and given to Kozan Municipality for transport of sewage water out of Seyhan Basin where utility and potable water is taken from as per paragraph b of Article 20 of DCWP (See Annex-A). According to Article 32 of DCWP, documents pooving that the sewage waters are taken for disposal by Kozan Municipality will be kept for three years and they will be submitted to officials during inspections. Approvals for package treatment plants will be obtained within the scope of 2005/5 Waste Water Treatment Facility Project Approval Circular and operation of treatment plants will be launched prior to the period when 750 people will work at construction. Sludge will be taken once in three years from package treatment plants. After the sludge has been dewatered in drying ditch, it will be disposed of in solid waste storage area of Kozan Municipality as per provisions of Directive on Control of Solid Waste. Household waste waters to be formed at operation stage of Project will be stored in cesspools with capacity of 50 people and sucked by sewage trucks and disposed of by Kozan Municipality. Impermeable cesspool projects are provided in Annex-D. As can be observed from impermeable cesspool projects, 50 people capacity cesspools which will be used in operation period of Project will be built enabling them to have three holes on. Width and depth of all holes of cesspools will be 1,35 m and 1,60 m respectively. Height of holes will be 2,32 m, 1,16 m and 1,16 m respectively. III.5 Expropriation and Resettlement Both public lands and private lands have been purchased with a view to materializing Kavsak Bendi HEPP Project, as can be seen in Table III-1. Percentage of private lands are relatively low compared to the lands necessary for Project (See Table III-1). Table III-1 Distribution of Lands necessary for Project Type of Necessary Land Acreage of Acquired Land (m 2 ) Percentage in Total Acquired Land (%) Treasury Lands 15, Forest Lands 2,51, Private Lands 410, TOTAL 2,945, ENERJISA has acquired most of the private lands necessitated for the Project via voluntary purchase/sale agreements. The main medium instrumental in the purchase of 17 Translated Document

38 lands has been negotiations between ENERJISA and land owners. The main reason why the negotiations proved successful has been payment sums higher than the valuation which has been realized based on current income acquired from affected land. Valuation has been conducted by an independent firm. Land owners have received compensation which are higher than normal market price for the assets including crop, trees and buildings on their land. Land acquisition process has been directed by ENERJISA Land Acquisition Team. Steps followed in purchase of the lands are as follows: 1. Detection of owners of each affected parcel; 2. Organization of briefing meetings for informing affected people about Project and valuation method; 3. Making an inventory list of affected real assets and valuation by an independent organization; 4. Holding meetings with land owners or face-to-face meetings with land owner in person for negotiating valuation amounts which have been determined by independent organization; 5. Completion of additional site visits which will be performed for detection of issues proposed by land owners; 6. Revision of valuation amount of affected assets and detection of incremental amounts over determined valuation price; 7. Calculation of final proposals and notification of them to land owners; 8. Reaching an agreement between purchaser and dealer in terms of purchasing price; 9. Opening a bank account for each land owner ( all expenses are covered by ENERJISA); 10. Transfer of purchasing amounts to bank accounts; 11. Completion of transfer processes in land registration offices (all kinds of transfer expenses and transportation, food and accommodation costs are covered by ENERJISA, when necessary). All kind of deed costs, amounts paid to registration office and transportation/foodbeverage costs have been covered by ENERJISA. Project have not resulted in arise of risks such as landlessness, unemployment, homelessness, marginalization, food safety, loss of income and diseases, social chaos and loss of common sources that are generally experienced due to land acquisition. A small number of houses have lost some part of lands and some have lost their houses. All these losses have been compensated in cash payments and/or aid in kind. Affected people of the region have been employed as Project beneficiaries. Since many people have continued to live in his own village or in a surrounding village, social exclusion is not in question for these people. Food safety will not be a risk for these houses and loss of income will be compensated by high compensation amounts and participation in Project labor force as far as possible. 18 Translated Document

39 Total area to be used within the scope of Project is 2,945, m 2, and out of this area 2,519, m 2 is forest lands pursuant to Forest Law numbered Of the remaining area, 410,000 m 2 is private lands, 15,900 m 2 is treasury lands. For those accepted to be forest lands, final permission has been granted with the consent of Directorate General of Forestry (OGM) dated and numbered 564 against acquittal of the related charges and forestation amount, charges of land permission and securities indicated in OGM s letter dated and numbered 3691 have been covered by ENERJISA. Aforesaid letter of OGM has been presented in Annex-A. III.6 Other Considerations There is no other consideration to be clarified in this section with respect to the economic and social dimensions of the Project. 19 Translated Document

40 IV. IV.1 DETERMINATION OF THE AREA TO BE AFFECTED BY REGULATOR, HEPP AND QUARRIES, IF ANY IN THE FRAME OF THE PROJECT AND CLARIFICATION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS WITHIN THIS AREA Determination of the Area to be Affected by the Project (It will be clarified how and on which basis the impact area is determined and the impact area will be indicated on the map) Area where of the Project Site is located is generally composed of forest lands and areas convenient for agriculture are very scarce. Local community generally lives on woodcraft. Kavsak Bendi Dam to be constructed will operate as a non-storage facility, it will store energyexclusivley on daily basis. Since the dam will be constructed on a steep valley, less amount of land will submerge on river banks compared to an average dam project. Final permission has been granted for forest lands against acquittal of the charge with the OGM confirmation dated and numbered 564, forestation amount, charges of land permission and securities indicated in OGM s letter dated and numbered 3691 have been covered by ENERJISA. As it has been mentioned before, letter of OGM is available in Annex-A. Use of agricultural lands for non-agricultural purposes in scope of Project has been approved by Adana Provincial Directorate of Agriculture, concerning letter of the Directorate has been presented in Annex-A. Furthermore, letter of Adana Provincial Agriculture Directorate in which capacity increase is approved as per Law on Soil Conservation and Land Use is provided in Annex-A. Electric energy to be generated in the Project will be delivered to regional and national consumers via interconnected system. Additionally, socio-economic impact area of Project will be country-wide with the employment of both local community and personnel from different regions of Turkey. 20 Translated Document

41 IV.2 Characteristics of Physical and Biological Environment and Use of Natural Resources within the Impact Area IV.2.1 Meteorological and Climatic Characteristics In this section, the micro and macro meteorological conditions constituting the climate of the region have been analyzed and an assessment has been made. The current meteorological condition of the region has been clarified and the long-term data recorded in the Kozan Meteorological Station have been evaluated. The Long-Term Meteorological Bulletin of the Kozan Meteorological Station ( ) is given in the Annex-F. Two types of climate are observed in Adana Province. The first type is the Mediterranean climate which is dominant on the shores and on plains; the second type is the continental climate which is dominant in elevated terrains. The Mediterranean climate is characterized by hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Since the north of Adana Province is surrounded by high mountains, the province is closed to north winds (mistral). Therefore, the weather is very hot in summers. Half of total precipitations fall in winters and the remaining half falls in springs and autumns. No rainfall is observed in summers for approximately 2-3 months in the region. Throughout the province, climate becomes cooler and precipitation amount increases towards the north and as the altitude increases. Characteristics of continental climate are observed in the north of Adana Province. Meteorological Station in the District The information regarding the Kozan Meteorological Station is submitted in the Table IV-1. Table IV-1 Kozan Meteorological Station Operating Period Latitude Longitude Altitude 11 m Source :General Directorate of Meteorology, Tufanbeyli Meteorological Station ( ) Distribution of Wind Velocity in the Region In order to determine the prevailing wind velocity and direction in the region, the observation data recorded by the Kozan Meteorological Station between the years of have been evaluated. The first-degree prevailing wind direction in the region is north-northwest according to the long-term measurements (NNW). As a result of the measurements carried out by the Kozan Meteorological Station, long-term annual average wind velocity has been found to be 2.0 m/sec. As a result of 30- year measurements, it has been determined that the direction of the wind with highest 21 Translated Document

42 velocity is NNW (North-northwest) and that its velocity is 23.4 m/sec. For the average number of days with storm is 4.1 (wind velocity 17.2 m/hr) in the aforementioned measuring period, and the number of days with strong wind is 49 (wind velocity m/hr). The monthly and annual blow counts of winds are given in the Table IV-2. Annual wind rose based on annual blow count is seen in the Figure IV-1. Table IV-2 Blow Counts of Winds (Monthly and Annual) DIRECTI ONS MONTHS I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Annual N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW Source :General Directorate of Meteorology, Kozan Meteorological Station ( ) ANNUAL Yıllık NNW N 3000 NNE NW 2000 NE WNW 1000 ENE W 0 E WSW ESE SW SE SSW S SSE Figure IV-1 Annual Wind Rose based on Annual Blow Counts 22 Translated Document

43 Blow counts of winds according to seasons are given in the Tables IV-3, IV-4, IV-5 and IV-6, wind roses are given in the Figures IV-2, IV-3, IV-4 and IV-5. Table IV-3 Wind Blow Count in Winter Season DIRECTIONS December January February TOTAL N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW Source :Directorate General of State Meteorologial Works, Kozan Meteorological Station ( ) NW NNW N NNE NE WNW W ENE E WSW ESE SW SSW S WINTER Kış SSE SE Figure IV-2 Wind Rose based on Blow Count for Winter Season 23 Translated Document

44 Table IV-4 Blow Count of Wind for Spring Season DIRECTIONS March April May TOTAL N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW Source :Directorate General of State Meteorologial Works, Kozan Meteorological Station ( ) NW NNW SPRING İlkbahar N NNE NE WNW W ENE E WSW ESE SW SSW S SSE SE Figure IV-3 Wind Rose by Blow Count for Spring Season 24 Translated Document

45 Table IV-5 Blow Count of Wind for Summer Season DIRECTIONS June July August Annual N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW Source :Directorate General of State Meteorologial Works, Kozan Meteorological Station ( ) WNW W SUMMER Yaz N NNW NW NNE NE ENE E WSW ESE SW SSW S SSE SE Figure IV-4 Wind Rose based on Blow Count for Summer Season 25 Translated Document

46 Table IV-6 Blow Count of Wind for Autumn Season DIRECTIONS September October November Annual N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW Source :Directorate General of State Meteorologial Works, Kozan Meteorological Station ( ) WNW W NW NNW N NNE NE ENE E WSW SW SE ESE SSW S Sonbahar AUTUMN SSE Figure IV-5 Wind Rose by Blow Count for Autumn Season The data regarding the distribution of the average wind velocity by directions, which was recorded in the Kozan Meteorological Station between the years of is given in the Table IV-7 and the distribution diagram of wind velocity is displayed in the Figure IV-6. The annual wind velocity chart drawn according to the average wind velocity is submitted in the Figure IV Translated Document

47 DIRECTIONS Table IV-7 Kozan Meteorological Station s Average Wind Velocity Distribution by Directions ( ) MONTHS ANNUAL I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW Source :Directorate General of State Meteorologial Works, Kozan Meteorological Station ( ) Figure IV-6 Average Wind Velocity ( ) 27 Translated Document

48 NNW NW WNW W WSW SW SSW N S NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE Figure IV-7 Annual Wind Rose based on Average Wind Velocity Monthly wind roses based on blow counts are given in the Figure IV-8. WNW W NNW NW N NNE NE ENE E WNW W NNW NW N NNE NE ENE E WSW SW SSW S JANUARY Ocak SE SSE ESE WSW SW SSW S SE SSE FEBRUARY ubat ESE WNW W NNW NW N NNE NE ENE E N NNW 200 NW WNW 50 W 0 NNE NE ENE E WSW ESE WSW ESE SW SSW S MARCH Mart SE SSE SW SSW S APRIL Nisan SE SSE 28 Translated Document

49 29 Translated Document Mayıs N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW Haziran N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW Temmuz N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW Ağustos N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW Eylül N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW Ekim N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW DECEMBER OCTOBER SEPTEMBER AUGUST JULY MAY JUNE

50 NNW NW N NNE NE NNW NW N NNE NE WNW 200 ENE WNW 200 ENE W 0 E W 0 E WSW ESE WSW ESE SW SSW S NOVEMBER Kasım SE SSE SW SSW S DECEMBER Aralık SE SSE Figure IV-8 Monthly Wind Roses based on Blow Counts Temperature The lowest air temperature that has ever been measured in Kozan District of Adana Province since 1975 is C (February 21,1985) and the highest air temperature ever is C (August 07,1987) ( 2007). The average temperature changes of the region by months are given in the Table IV-8, Figure IV-9 and Figure IV-10. Table IV-8 Long-term Temperature Data of the Kozan Meteorological Station Temperature ( 0 C) Highest Temperature( 0 C) Average Temperature( 0 C) Lowest Temperature( 0 C) MONTHS I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Annual Source :Directorate General of State Meteorologial Works, Kozan Meteorological Station ( ) 30 Translated Document

51 Figure IV-9 Monthly Temperature Values of the Kozan Meteorological Station ( ) Figure IV-10 Monthly Average Temperature Values of the Kozan Meteorological Station ( ) The number of temperature days in the region is given in the Table IV Translated Document

52 Table IV-9 Number of Temperature Days in the Region TEMPERATURE OBSERVATION PERIOD (year) AVERAGE NUMBER OF DAYS > 30 O C > 25 O C > 20 O C > 10 O C > 5 O C < -0,1 O C < -3 O C < -5 O C Average surface minimum temperature Lowest surface minimum temperature Source :Directorate General of State Meteorological Works, Kozan Meteorological Station ( ) Precipitation The 30-year precipitation data recorded by the Kozan Meteorological Station indicates that the total average amount of precipitation is mm in the region. The highest amount of precipitation falls in winters. Considering the monthly total average amounts of precipitation falling within the abovementioned period, it is seen that the highest amount of precipitation falls in January with mm and the lowest amount of precipitation falls in August with 21.4 mm. The annual average number of days with snow is 0.3. The monthly precipitation figures for the region are given in the Table IV-10 and Figure IV-11. Table IV-10 Precipitation Data of the Kozan Meteorological Station Precipitation MONTHS Amount (mm) I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Total Average Precipitation (mm) Highest Daily Precipitation (mm) Annual Source :Directorate General of State Meteorological Works, Kozan Meteorological Station ( ) 32 Translated Document

53 Figure IV-11 Monthly Precipitation Figures of the Kozan Meteorological Station ( ) Relative Humidity Distribution in the Region The annual average relative humidity rate is 58%. The lowest relative humidity rate was measured in April with 3.0%. The change of the average and lowest relative humidity values within the year in the region is shown in the Table IV-11 and Figure IV-12. Relative Humidity Average Relative Humidity(%) Lowest Relative Humidity(%) Table IV-11 Relative Humidity Data from Kozan Meteorological Station MONTHS I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Source :Directorate General of State Meteorological Works, Kozan Meteorological Station ( ) Annual 33 Translated Document

54 Figure IV-12 Monthly Relative Humidity Values of the Kozan Meteorological Station ( ) Numbered Days Distribution in the Region The values of the numbered days which were recorded by Kozan Meteorological Station between in the region are submitted in the Tables IV-12 and IV-13. The annual average number of foggy days is 2.5 in the region. As can be seen from the Table IV-12, June is the most foggy month with 0.8 days. The annual average number of days with hail fall is 1.3. March is detected as the month with most hail fall with 0.4 day. The annual average number of days with frost is 2.1 in the region. As can be seen from the Table, January is the most frosty month with 0.8 days. Table IV-12 Values of the Numbered Days in the Region Number of Days Ave. Number of Days with Snow Number of Days with Snow-Cover Ave. Number of Days with Hail Ave. Number of Days with Fog Ave. Number of Days with Frost The Highest Thickness of Snow Cover (cm) Ave. Number of Days with Thunderstorm MONTHS I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Annual Source : Directorate General of State Meteorological Works, Kozan Meteorological Station ( ) 34 Translated Document

55 Rainy days Table IV-13 Numbered Days in the Region NUMBERED DAYS OBSERVATION PERIOD (YEAR) NUMBER OF DAYS >= 0,1 mm >= 10 mm >= 50 mm Days with clear weather Number of days with overcast weather Number of days with cloudy weather Number of Inversion (foggy days) Source : Directorate General of State Meteorological Works, Kozan Meteorological Station ( ) Values of heavy rainfall analysis and average number of days with hail and thunderstorm are given in Figure IV-13, IV-14 and IV-15 respectively. Figure IV-13 Values of Heavy Rainfall Analysis Recorded by the Kozan Meteorological Station ( ) Figure IV-14 Average Number of Days with Hail Recorded by the Kozan Meteorological Station ( ) 35 Translated Document

56 Figure IV-15 Average Number of Days with Thunderstorm Recorded by the Kozan Meteorological Station ( ) IV.2.2 Geological Characteristics (regional geology and geological structure of the project site(s), examination of quarries, if any under the titles of their physico-chemical properties, tectonic movements, cracks and joints, seismicity, stratigraphic columnar section, logging of drillings, mineral resources, landslide, unique formations, avalanche, flood, rock fall and their 1/100000, 1/25000 and/or 1/5000 scaled geological map or legend and if any geotectonic surveys and information, figure and maps peculiar to them) General Geology There are different rock unit structures in terms of stratigraphy, rock type, metamorphism and structural characteristics in Project Site and surrounding area, these structures range from Paleozoic to Cenozoic. 1/25,000 scaled General Geology Map displaying Project Site and surrounding area is given in Annex-G-1. Geologic information about Project Site and its surroundings has been arranged availing of Engineering Geology and Natural Construction Materials Report (January 2009) (See Annex-G-2) which was drafted by Dolsar Muhendislik Ltd. Sti. Stratigraphic Geology There are Aladag, Feke and Gorbiyes structural units in Project Site which is located in Lower Seyhan Basin (See Annex-G-3). Definitions of formations which rank among these units and surface on Project Site are given below. Aladag Unit It is an allochtonous unit which extends from western section of Middle Toros Mountains to Eastern Toros Mountains. It generally represents Devonian-Upper Cretaceous interval. It has been represented by Gumusali Formation on Project Site. 36 Translated Document

57 Devonian Gumusali Formation (Dg) They surface on Zamanti creek of Seyhan river on lake site and right coastal of dam location. It lays on disharmoniously on rock units from Precambrian to Silurian which is older than it. However, contacts of formation are explained based on interpretations as it is covered with close-faulted structure talus fairly similar in lithological characteristics with the formations which are younger than itself and it lays on. Its exposures have been detected in small areas under cover, especially in upstream and downstream of dam axis in right coastal. Tectonic contacted formation is composed of shales with limestone and sandstone intermediate layer. Sandstone has the quality of quartzitic sandstone. Shale which is dark gray colored and has acquired a leaved appearance as a result of mild metamorphism has turned into slate in patches and it has a thin - medium thick layered structure. According to researches conducted in the surrounding area, its thickness was measured as 500 m, its age was detected as Upper Devonian. The unit was named Sogut Formation in studies of EIA. Old Carboniferous Ziyarettepe Formation comes harmoniously on the unit. Feke Unit This structural unit represents all systems between Precambrian-Tertiary interval and it generally is shale-type fragmental and is composed of carbonates. This unit is represented by Emirgazi Formation, Tuzludere, Ziyarettepe, Yigilitepe, Katarasi and Koroglutepesi formations on Project Site (See Annex-G-4). Precambrian-Cambrian Emirgazi Formation (Єe) It has come to lay on younger formations in east of Project Site as a result of tectonic movements. It surfaces on east embankment of Gokdere valley and Zamanti River Valley in reservoir site. The formation which has underwent low level of metamorphism is composed of recrystallized limestone, slate, meta quartzite and meta sandstones. It is piled from bottom to top, sandstone-slate intercalation, limestone intercalating with sandstone-slate intercalation over it and quartzite at the top. The apparent thickness of formation which is gray-greenish colored, middle-thick layered with lamina structure in patches is about m. Contacts of formation with younger formations are tectonic. Age of formation has been given as Precambrian-Lower Cambrian. 37 Translated Document

58 Carboniferous Tuzludere Formation (Ct) It surfaces in upstream of Dam location, immediate surrounding of Andirap Bridge, on right coastal areas of Seyhan River. Dark grey colored formation is composed of carboniferous shale and shale. It is bituminous and abundantly fossiliferous. It intercalates dolomite levels in patches. Quartzitic sandstone 25 m in thickness comes over it. Upper parts of formation are characterized with limestone. Formation has been encountered in many of the prospection drills on dam site and under Ziyarettepe Formation (Cz). Thickness of formation has been given as 150 m. Age of formation has been detected as Lower Carboniferous based on studies conducted in surrounding area. Yigilitepe limestone comes disharmoniously on it. Ziyarettepe Formation (Cz) They surface on many parts of Dam site and along north-south direction in Goksu valley of lake site. Generally limestone comprises the dominant lithology. Formation starts with quartzite 3-5 m in thickness and lower surface of unit is dark grey-black colored, it is intercalated with carboniferous shale. Upper surfaces of these intercalate lamina carboniferous shale. Limestone contains dolomite intercalations in patches. This formation whose lithology is defined has been detected with similar characteristics in drillings in dam site. Limestone has precipitated during carboniferous age and is approximately 350 m in thickness. Age of formation is defined as Carboniferous. Ziyarettepe Formation has undertaken angular disharmony by Yigilitepe Formation. Figure IV-16 General View of Bedding and Joints of Limestone belonging to Ziyarettepe Formation surfacing on Dam Site 38 Translated Document

59 Permian Yigilitepe Limestone (Py) A major part of dam area, plant area and lake area is covered with this formation. Most of it is composed of neritic carbonate and limestone. It has medium-thick layers. The unit starts with quartzite in 3-5 m thickness, lower surfaces are dark grey-black colored, they are intercalated with carboniferous shale. Upper surfaces intercalate with lamina carboniferous shale. Limestone contains dolomite intercalation in patches. In main prospection drillings in Yigilitepe Formation, lithologic characteristics defined above have exactly been detected. Contact of formation on west embankment of Seyhan River is faulted. In surveys conducted in work site, contact relations of formation with sub-units have not been detected due to tectonic contacts. Since the limestone was precipitated throughout Permian, its age has been accepted to be Lower, Middle and Upper Permian. In researches conducted in the surrounding area, its thickness was detected as 400 m. Katarasi Formation dating from Upper-Middle Trias harmoniously overlays Yigilitepe limestone. The formation was defined to date from was Permian age. Trias Katarasi Formation (TRk) It surfaces widely on left coast of lake area and on a limited area of right coast, above maximum lake level and on right coast in dam site. Its contact on dam site has been detected to be mechanical. It is composed of intercalation of Marn-shale-siltstone. Multicolored, pink-purplish unit has lamina and thin layers. Its thickness was detected as 250 m in the studies conducted in the surrounding area. It has been accepted to date from Lower-Middle Trias age. It is in harmony with the Yigilitepe Formation beneath it, it is in disharmony with Cretaceous-Jura limestone which lies upon it. Jura-Cretaceous Koroglutepesi Limestone (JKk) Its separately surfaces in small quantities on elevations high above the lake water level on right coast of Seyhan River. Light grey colored, medium-thick layered formation starts with dolomite in lower levels, it continues upwards with micritic limestone and it is intercalated with dolomite levels, either. It disharmoniously lays on Yigilitepe and Katarasi formations. Its thickness has been detected to be 1,400 m in surveys conducted in surrounding area. Age of the formation was detected to be Jura-Cretaceous according to fossil findings. 39 Translated Document

60 Gorbiyes Unit Gorbiyes structural unit contains Mesozoic (Cretaceous) old carbonate and fragmental rocks on Project Site. This unit is represented by Kizlarsekisi Formation on area studied. Cretaceous Kizlarsekisi Formation (Kk) It surfaces on high elevations of lake water level on right coast of Goksu River, which is a creek of Seyhan River. Its thickness ranges from a couple of tens of meters meters to a couple of hundred meters. Formation contains crystallized dolomite and limestone ophiolitix composed of meta fragments. Meta fragments formed slate-type rock which has schist structure and exihibits schistosity together with clay pulps due to low level metamorphism of materials whose dimensions are like clay, alluvion and sand. It has been observed under Emirgazi Formation. Its contact is tectonic and it has come to lay on Emirgazi Formation limestone (Kk) via drifting. The unit which dates from Upper- Cretaceous age has been included in Gorbiyes Tectonic Unit by surveyors. Cenozoic Quaternary Quaternary is characterized with Alluvion, Talus and Blocky Talus and Travertine. Alluvion (Qal) Alluvions have been deposited on basins of Seyhan River and its creeks Zamanti and Goksu Rivers. Aluuvions are generally composed of unattached, loose limestones in different sizes, a small amount of ophiolite gravel, stone and its blocks and sand. Proportion of gravel, stone and blocks is high, while the proportion of sand, silt and clay is low. In drilling which was performed in 45 inclination towards river at KO-7 on left coast of Seyhan valley basin, alluvion with 10,50 m thickness was passed through. Talus (Qym) In dam site and lake area, there are talus deposits on slopes of two banks of valleys where Seyhan and Goksu Rivers, two main creeks of Seyhan River pass through and steep slope booms. According to data pertaining to drillings on dam site, their thickness range between 0,50 m and 20,40 m. It is comprised of the attachment of angular limestone in various sizes in large amounts and quartz, gravel, stone and blocks in small amounts with clay. 40 Translated Document

61 Blocky Talus (Qyb) Discontinuities in limestones on steep slope booms of valley on right, especially left coasts divided the rock into blocks and rocks falling due to gravity formed blocky talus by depositing on embankments. The blocky talus moved towards valley, down embankment due to inclination and their move was prevented by local limestone. The thalus majority of which are comprised of massive limestones blocks detached from the main rock in the nearby and stones and angular gravels are fastened poorly and moderately with red clay on the surface, carbonate, calcite and aragonite in deeper down. According to data of drillings numbered KO17 and KO18 on left coast, their thickness has been detected to be between 46 m and 49 m. Presence of indurable carboniferous shale under blocky talus set one to think that there was a deep erosion in this section prior to formation of blocky talus. Currently, it has been observed in field explorations which were conducted within the scope of aforementioned study that limestones in gravel dimension deposited by falling towards valley in convenient areas. Figure IV-17 The Image of Blocky Talus on Left Coast of Dam Site Travertine (Qtr) There is a m thick travertine formation which was formed by carstically drained sources of limestone in surrounding of Andirap Bridge in right coast of dam. Structural Geology Project Site and immediate surroundings which are located in Lower Seyhan Basin, in South part of Middle Toros Mountains contain tectonically contacted tectono- 41 Translated Document

62 stratigraphic units which have significant differences in terms of examinant stratigraphy, structure and rock type characteristics. These tectonic units are Aladag Units, Feke Unit and Gorbiyes Units. There are rock species belonging to these units on Project Site. Project Site was affected by Hercynian and Alpine orogenies and acquired current tectonic shape during Alp orogeny and various phases of this orogeny. In the region being affected from this orogeny, formations were exposed to folding and faulting with stresses developed in different directions. Structural shapes which basically affect the Project, disturb natural ordering of formations, cause problems in geologic analysis without underground findings, especially faults and joints are widely encountered on site. The presence of a deformed anticline which is positioned in parallel with Seyhan River and original shape is disrupted with mass fractures can be mentioned open to interpretation. In geology maps which compiles local geologic studies conducted in the region especially the maps prepared by MTA, it can be observed that there is drift with the effect of cretaceous which comes from east and west. Furthermore normal and reverse faults are widely seeen. In areas apart from reservoir, since geologic formation contacts can not be clearly detected due to cover on bedrock and there is not sufficient prospection drillings which provide information in depth and support the solution of the problem, only a few tectonic models can be set forth with current data. First one is with nappe and imbricate, the second one is with inverted folds, reverse faults, the third one is an anticlinorium with normal and reverse fault. Figuring out the real structural model from these seems possible by performing additional drillings in places where problems detected from surface can be provided with a solution. Limestones and shales on dam site are generally inclined to west. However, due to their being near the faults, position of layer surfaces which are characterized with direction and inclination exhibits differences. Bedding in Yigilitepe Limestone is in NE-SW direction, its inclination is in in NW direction. Layers in Gumusali Formation is in NW-SE direction, their inclination is in SW direction. Measurement of folding layer was not made, folding was not detected in new site. Joint system composed of dominant joint groups from discontinuous ones was measured as NW-SE, 80 SW-vertical, NE-SW, NW, N-S, E. Faults were detected as normal, reverse and nappe, they are displayed in Annex-G-7. Presence of older Gumusali Formation on high elevations and limestone and formation of thick zone by contact are interpreted as low angle fault. This possible situation is shown in dam axis section. Bedding in reservoir area is inclined to NE and SW direction in line with faults which were formed by cynclinal and anticline whose axis is in NNW-SSE direction. Relatively smaller number of normal faults have been detected in reservoir area compared 42 Translated Document

63 to the dam site. Contacts between Emirgazi and Gumusali formations; Ziyarettepe and Yigilitepe formations; Katarasi and limestone and travertine are disharmonious. Engineering Geology Dam Site Ziyarettepe formation (Cz) which has grey-dark grey, fine-medium grained, generally decompposable fresh, decomposed in low level in patches, hard, generally good quality according to RQD percentage but medium and poor quality in discontinuity areas, limestone in majority, carboniferous limestone, dolomite, fine shale in patches surfaces on dam site. (See Annex-G-5 and Annex-G-6). Carstic solution holes whose length range from a few cm to 10 m were encountered on the course of drillings on dam site. Solution holes are filled with calcite, clay and silt. Limestones are generally permeable, intensively permeable, less permeable in patches, rarely impermeable. During fromer feasibility studies, according to borehole logs on dam area, single axis pressure resistance of limestone was given as UCS=60-75 MPa on average. Sequence of joints is wide spaced ( mm), medium spaced in patches ( mm) and is RQD=50-75%. When limestone rock mass is saturated with water, M-RMR=57 was found with Rock Mass Engineering Classification (RMR). Accordingly, cohesion of the mass is c= kpa, Internal Drift Angle, Ø=30, Deformation module is Em=15 Gpa in minimum levels. Bearing strength has been found as qa= MPa according to RMR score ampiricially and calculations based on RQD. Energy Tunnel According to surface geology data of main prospection drillings numbered TSK-1 and TSK-2 on tunnel portal (See-G-7) and field survey, tunnel excavation will be opened on limestones with grey, dark grey color in patches, partially beige, fine-medium grain, generally decomposable fresh, decomposed in low levels in patches, hard, generally wide space fracture, partially very wide spaced fracture, constantly fracture in patches, joint and faulted, calcite filled fractured, carstic solution hole, undulating-roughly undulating surface, planar layer, less roughly undulating, even in patches, narrow and very narrow spaced fractures, good quality due to high percentage of RQD surfaces, locally carbon and sand content, rarely fine shale intercalation. Formation is medium-thick layered, layer inclination is toward north west. For detection of current rocks on dam area and energy tunnel, within the scope of abovementioned studies, main prospection drillings numbered BSK-1, BSK-3, BS-4, BSK- 5, BSK-6, BSK-7, BSK-8 (dam area) and TSK-1 (energy tunnel) have been opened. Experiments listed below were performed on drilling core samples taken from these borehole in Middle East Technical University (METU), Department of Mining Engineering, Rock Mechanic Laboratory: 43 Translated Document

64 Single Axis pressure resistance Natural unit volume intensity Real porosity percentage Elasticity module Poisson ratio Cohesion Internal friction angle Three-axis duration According to experiment results, characteristics of rocks in dam location and energy tunnel route are given in Figure IV-17. Source: Dolsar, Figure IV-18 Characteristics of Rocks Located on Dam Area and Energy Tunnel Route 44 Translated Document

65 Impact of Geologic Conditions on Dam Area In the dam site, in patches thin shale level Ziyarettepe formation, dolomite, carboniferous limestone most of it limestone having the characteristic of medium and weak rock from place to place in which discontinuities are intensive, having high quality according to the RQD percentage, less decomposed in patches, generally not decomposed fresh, dark- grey, grey, medium fine-grained are outcropped. According to the bore log no KO-6, KO-12 and KO-12 drilled in the dam site, uniaxial compressive strength in limestone is given as UCS=60-75 MPa. Fracture frequency is wide spared ( mm), in patches medium- wide ( mm) and RQD=% When limestone rock mass is waterlogged, Rock Mass is found as M- RMR=57 with the approximate assessment of Rock Mass Engineering Classification. Accordingly, Cohesion of Mass is c= kpa, Angle of Internal Friction is Ø=30 and Deformation Modul is at least Em=15 Gpa. And the bearing power is found as qa= MPa by the accounts with respect to RQD and according to the RMR point as empiric. Permeability of Dam Area The lithologic, structural and permeability characteristics of limestones outcropped in the dam site and carboniferous limestones under these are tried to be determined by prospection drillings. In the accounts made according to the results of Pressure Water Test (BST) made with Lugeon method in three or two stages to determine permeability of Tuzludere Formation (Ct) formed by shale and carboniferous shale which are under the main rock limestone in drillings carboniferous shale, dolomite, quartzite and shale half layer Ziyarettepe Formation (Cz) and shale, the results are as follows: 80 % of limestones are permeable- high permeable, 7 % are low permeable and 13 % are impermeable. In drillings, the water of drilling circulation s completely seeping and not rolling-back from well head testify the results of research. In the right shore, in the valley plain of Seyhan river, in the prospection drilling made by Ata İnşaat ve SER Energy Generation and Trade Co. although the deep of carboniferous shale is in the axis of dam and 70 m deeper than valley plain, flows up and rise towards Andirap Bridge and formation s giving mostra on surface in the abutment enable making a planning binding right shore grout- curtain. According to the results of examinations made in the dam site, the grout-curtain is planned to provide impermeability in dam site. The grout-curtain is to be opened towards embankment in the limestones and it will be made from injection galleries in 323 m, 272 m and 242 m levels as going along with carboniferous shale for 5 meters in the left coastal. The grout holes is designed in flexible holes with 3,00 m space in two collateral lines by taking into account the limestones having carstic melting space, being permeable- high permeable. 45 Translated Document

66 Impact of Geologic Conditions on Lake Area Permeability of Lake Area In the reservoir, the leakage from limestones, will ejeculate to lake site before dam axis nevertheless it forms sources in the tributary rivers which are in lower level situated in river mouth. Generally, reservoir leakage will be towards river mouth from dam axis and sides. These leakages will be prevented by a well-formed grout-curtain in the dam site and sides. The reservoir formed in the Goksu river, no leakage is expected from there since it is totally in the impermeable Emirgazi formation. Stability of Lake Area Prof. Dr. V. Doyuran (Middle East Technical University) and Prof. Dr. R. Ulusoy (Hacettepe University) who conducted research in the lake site, during the final design studies made 5 units of prospection drillings 425 m in total, the drilling units having depths of m. Drillings are performed by INSITU company. After the site observations and examination of drilling cores, the experts presented their opinions in the report titled Engineering Geological Assesment of the Andirap Debris Slide (Kavsakbendi Dam Site), Nov. 10, 2008, Ankara. According to the results of report; screes of side are composed of blocks of cornered limestones held together tightly, and are resistant to sliding. Since permeability of side scree deposit is high, it prevents depositing of underground waters and enables their drainage with ease. The findings in the site indicte that the sliding in the side scree deposit is an old earth sliding and is now stable and big limestone rock block found in a different drilling will constitute a barrier against a probable sliding and there is no sign for sliding any time soon. Embankment type plant Ziyarettepe limestones are outcropped in the embankment type plant site situated in the downstream of main dam and on right coast of spillway energy burster pool. The structure of energy water inlet is placed on main dam on bottom elevation on the right coast and designed to inlet water from front. Penstock pipe has been designed to be embedded in concrete. First 20 meters of penstock pipe starting from water inlet structure of main dam is inside the main dam concrete. After it will be placed on the platform to be formed with the widening of scraping axcavation of main dam and its circumference will be covered with concrete.the plant is accessed Having passed this part with 100 m length penstock pipe. 46 Translated Document

67 Coffer Dams Upstream Coffer Dam Upstream coffer dam frame which was designed as 36 m elevated above rock filled river bed has lost its massive characteristic due to hard and rough bedding, joint and faulting with permeable alluvion, maximum 10,50 m in thickness, composed of stone, gravel, block and a small amount of sand, silt and clay and it will lay on Yigilitepe (Py) and Ziyarettepe (Cz) limestone which have carstic solution holes and high level of permeability. After the two meters part of blocky talus and alluvion which were formed on steep sloped on the river base, foundations of coffer dam will be laid on them. Alluvion and limestones are sufficient in terms of main bearing strength. However, it is predicted that a great amount of water will drain from limestone depending on inclination of underground water. Water which will flow to main excavation area will be discharged with pomp. Downstream Coffer Dam Downstream main coffer dam whose front face is designed to be impermeable and in the form of riprap-covered rock fill and is 14 m above river bed elevation has lost its massive characteristic due to hard and rough bedding, joint and faulting with permeable alluvion, maximum 10,50 m in thickness, composed of stone, gravel, block and a small amount of sand, silt and clay, as is the case with the upstream main coffer dam and it will lay on Ziyarettepe (Cz) limestone which has carstic solution holes and high level of permeability. After the two meters part of blocky talus and alluvion which were formed on steep emmbankmentss on river base, basis of coffer dam will lay on them. Alluvion and limestones are adeqaute in terms of main bearing strength. Energy Tunnel and Structure of Energy Water Inlet Structure of Energy Water Inlet On the inlet structure of the left coast, Ziyarettepe formation (Cz) and Yigilitepe limestone are outcropped as the bed rock. There is a blocky cover of talus (Qyb) which is partially very thick on the bedrock. According to the data obtained from the drilling works no.tsk-2 which were done on the site of inlet structure, the levels of the Ziyarettepe formation were exceeded, nearly 87 % of the formation was freshly decomposed, 7% was less decomposed and 10% of the 47 Translated Document

68 formation was largely decomposed or totally decomposed. Typically, it is a largely broken and fragmentary formation. Taking this into account, inlet structure excavations have been designed to have berms and to be between the elevations of 403 m and 295,5 m and in the tunnel portal these are designed to be constructed to be as high as 19 m vertically. Moreover, before the tunnel excavations start following the finalization of excavations of tunnel portal mirror, a 6-meter long systematic rock block with 3m x3m intervals has been designed to be formed. If necessary, anchorage should be performed. It has been deemed necessary to place steel timbering without considering the geological conditions until the cover thickness of the inlet structure reaches 20 m in order to provide security of the tunnel portal. Access Tunnel to Embankment type plant The access tunnel to embankment type plant is m long and on the route of the tunnel there are Yigilitepe (py) limestones as the bedrock and blocky talus on the limestones and cover of the talus materials. According to data of the drilling works no.sy-8, a tunnel will be formed on well-qualified limestones of which RQD is high. After the tunnel excavation is completed, tunnel will be covered with concretes. During the period of covering, front support will be necessary to maintain stability and arching in the tunnel before the rocks in the probable fault zone are deformed in addition to one vertical fault detected with the crushed and tender rocks around the tunnel. Energy Tunnel The limestones of the Ziyarettepe formation (Cz) and Yigiltepe limestones (Py) are outcropped on the left coast up to the surge tank shaft, on the route of energy tunnel planned in the shape of a corrected horseshoe 2,592,545 m long and 9.0 m in diameter. On the route of tunnel 6 vertical faults on the surface have been observed. In addition to these faults, it is possible to discover other faults which could not be observed on the surface during the tunnel excavation. According to the data obtained from the drilling no. TSK-1 and TSK-2 dug open on the energy tunnel route, the level of groundwater does not exceed the level of base elevation of the tunnel. Since the present limestones on the route of tunnel have the carstic features, it is considered that seasonal underground water will be discovered during the tunnel excavation. After the tunnel excavations, front support is necessary for tunnel which will be covered with concrete following tunnel excavation, in order to enable arching and stability before deformation of joint, fractured and layered rocks and other fault cones in addition to six vertical faults which were detected from surface in the period until covering is completed. 48 Translated Document

69 Surge Tank There are Yigilitepe (Cy) limestones and m thick talus cover as bedrock in place of surge tank which is 30 m in diameter and m in depth. Limestone was passed until m depth under 32 m thick talus and terrace material in prospection drill which was opened m near surge tank and numbered SY-11. According to drill data, majority of them are fresh or decomposed in low levels, hard and rough, more fractured on upper parts, less fractured on fragmental lower parts and massive. RQD percentage varies between 17% and 100%. Surge tank shaft excavation will be vertical. Excavation will be made on bedrock limestone after talus and terrace on upper part. In order to prevent fall of more fractured and fragmental parts, rock plates in excessive excavations, if necessary cement injection with 2,5 m intervals around excavation circle will be made until depth where excavation will be performed, improvement of rock fractures will be provided. Penstock Pipe Shaft and Tunnel Excavation of vertical shaft of penstock pipe which will be constructed as steel coated following surge tank and horizontal tunnel will be realized on fresh, unaltered, hard and rough, layered limestone. There will be need for pre-support in period from excavation to concrete and steel coat. Plant Building Plant building will be located on Yigilitepe (Cy) limestone as bedrock, there is a 10 m thick talus cover on bedrock. According to main prospection drillings opened near plant, soil is fresh and decomposed in low levels, it is hard and tough, upper parts are relatively more faulted and fragmented, lower parts are less faulted and massive. Bedrock where plant building will be located is convenient in terms of bearing strength. Underground water is expected to reach the excavation ditch below river level. Because limestones are permeable. After the data of C, current and planned drillings numbered SY-12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 on project site are evaluated, it is considered to be advantegous to make a new assesment based on geologic sections to be cut out in different directions, taking into account thickness and characteristics of cover materials in excavation embankments. Maps exhibiting drilling areas of dam site, plant site and energy tunnel are presented in Annex-G Translated Document

70 Earthquake Status Project Site is the third-degree earthquake zone according to Earthquake Zoning Map of Turkey which was prepared by Turkish Ministry of Public Works and Settlement in 1996 (See. Figure IV-18 and Figure IV-19). Accordingly, maximum ground acceleration value is determined between (amax.)=0,20-0,30 g. Project Site is surrounded by Eastern Anatolia Fault Zone (EAFZ) from east and Ecemis Fault from W-NW direction. EAFZ one of the greatest fault zones of Anatolia and Ecemis Fault are accepted as active faults. Eastern Anatolia Fault is a left-directed slip fault and it extends from Antakya to Karliova, in NE-SW direction. Total slip of Eastern Anatolia fault is 22 km, vertical slip is 400 m. Fault zone was formed via collision of Arab and Anatolian plates in Late Miocene. MAP OF EARTHQUAKE ZONES Project Site Figure IV-19 Earthquake Map of Turkey 50 Translated Document

71 Project Site Figure IV-20 Earthquake Map for Adana Province Ecemis fault zone extends from Kayseri,Yahyali to the vicinity of Mersin-Gulek and it lies NNE and SSW. There are two main fault zones besides Eastern Anatolia and Ecemis faults in Adana and surrounding area. These are Karaisali-Karsanti fault zone and Karatas-Osmaniye Fault Zone. Due to its adjacency to Project Site, there are many parts of Karaisali-Karsanti fault zone which vary in length and direction. There are two main dominant paralel directions. It is observed that faults get dense in two main directions as NE-SW and E-W. According to provisions of Regulation on Buildings to be constructed in Earthquake Zone which was published in official Gazette dated and numbered 26454, ground groups of formations are classified as Emirgazi Formation (B), Gumusali Formation (C), Ziyarettepe Formation (A), Yigilitepe Limestone (A), Katarasi Formation (B), Koroglu Formation (A), Cretaceous Limestone (A), Talus (C) and Alluvion (C). Local ground classes have been established as Emirgazi formation (Z1), Gumusali formation (Z3), Ziyarettepe formation (Z1), Yigilitepe Limestone (Z1), Katarasi formation (Z2), Koroglu formation (Z1), Cretaceous Limestone (Z1), Talus and Alluvion (Z3-Z4). 51 Translated Document

72 For Kavsak Bendi dam and auxiliary building designs, g=0.18 and 0.31 values are taken. Regulations on Disaster and Earthquake will be adapted in constructions to be made. IV.2.3 Hydro-geological Characteristics of Underground and Thermal Water Resources (water levels, amounts, safe suction values, flow rate of resources, available and planned use), distance of resources from project site Adana Province typically has a topography ascending between the elevations of 14 m and 160 m from the east, south and west to the north. The potable - utility water needs have been supplied from the underground water resources since the foundation of the city and the boreholes excavated for the purpose of obtaining potable- utility water are isolated between 20 m- 40 m. The city has abundant underground water potential up to the elevation line of 50 m in the north beginning from the boundaries of the eastern, western and southern settlement. As progressed towards the north, water reserves reduce. For this reason, there are 41 drinking water wells which supply drinking water to the city and they are between m. The industrial institutions located within the settlement supply their utility water needs from the deep wells they have had drilled relying on their own efforts and means. The underground water potential of Adana Province is as follows. Yumurtalik Plain Ceyhan Kozan Plains Asagi Seyhan Plain Karaisali Pozanti Tufanbeyli : hm 3 /year : 120 hm 3 / year : 500 hm 3 / year : 3,041 hm 3 / year : 14.5 hm 3 / year Underground water resources of Adana province have been presented in Table IV-14. Table IV-14 Underground Water Resources of Adana Province NAME OF THE MUNICIPALITY NAME OF THE RESOURCE DATA ABOUT RESOURCES Karaisali Feke Incirli Groundwater Extraction Karapinar Spring Agcapinar Fountain Vanis Fountain Ciglipinar Fountain Keklikcipinar Fountain Ave. Flow Rate 5 l/hr Flow Rate: 40 l/hr Flow Rate:4 l/hr Flow Rate: 8,5 l/hr Flow Rate: 9 l/hr Min. Flow Rate:0,25 l/hr Aladag Yedigoz Spring Flow Rate: 65 l/hr Hamdili Akpinar Spring Flow Rate: 10 l/hr Akoren Eynel Spring Flow Rate: 700 L/hr Ceyhan Baglama Spring Flow Rate: 1000 l/hr Gecitli Catal Spring Flow Rate: 9 l/hr Tufanbeyli Koy Spring Flow Rate: 35 l/hr Akcatekir Sekerpinar Spring Flow Rate: 600 l/hr 52 Translated Document

73 NAME OF THE MUNICIPALITY NAME OF THE RESOURCE DATA ABOUT RESOURCES Kozan Goz Spring Sekerpinar Fountain Pozanti Deligoze I Fountain Deligoze II Fountain Soguksu I and II Fountains Saimbeyli Kayapinar Fountain Source: Environmental Status Report of Adana Province, Ave. Flow Rate: 100 l/hr Min. : 60 l/hr Max.: 300 l/hr Ave. Flow Rate: 600 l/hr Flow Rate: 9 l/hr Flow Rate: 100 l/hr Min.:45 l/hr, Max:500 l/hr Min:32 l/hr,max:1200 l/hr Underground waters do not provide an important discharge since the formations which formed due to Lower Cambrian aged meta-sandstone, clayed schist and limestone intercalations which are located in Project Site, Immediate Surrounding and valley in which Seyhan River passes through and Upper Devonian aged limestone, shale and sandstone intercalation have permeability in low levels. As cited in Adana Province Environment Situation Report, there are not any geothermal water resources within the borders of Adana Province. IV.2.4 Hydrologic and Ecologic Characteristics, Available and Planned Use of Surface Water Resources (Potable, utility, irrigation water, production of water products, transportation, tourism, power generation, other uses, distance of resources from project site) Underground waters in Project Site do not provide important discharge. Seyhan River is the surface water to be used in Project. The Zamanti and Goksu creaks merge and form the Seyhan River. Goksu River springs from Sirlak fountain on 1,900 m elevation on South slopes of Govdeli Mountain with 2,601 m height in northeast of Upper Seyhan Basin. In this first part, Atatli, Eskiyayla and Cavlak fountains springing from Slopes of Keci Mountain and other small watercourses and Sarlak fountain waters compose Sariz Brook. Flow rate of Sariz Brook increases with the participation of various small watercourses, it is called Goksu River starting from the South of Tufanbeyli District. Goksu River passes through borders of Feke District and reaches Kozan District and merges with Zamanti River and forms Seyhan River. Available and Planned Use of Surface Water Resources As stated above, the most essential water resource of the region is the Seyhan River. The survey, planning, design and construction activities which were commenced in 1950 s in this basin had been carried on a permanent basis until With its rainfall area of km 2, the Seyhan Basin is ranked the 15 th among 25 hydrological basins of Turkey in terms of the size of rainfall area (Mapped Statistical Bulletin of DSI). 53 Translated Document

74 Available Plants There is only Bahcelik Dam on Zamanti creek of Seyhan River as the present upstream facility. Bahcelik Dam was only constructed for irrigation purposes. However, a HEPP with 7 MW installed capacity has been constructed on irrigation exit by a private enterprise in order to generate energy from water to be discharged from spillway and waters which will be released for irrigation in months not included in irrigation season. Bahcelik Dam which has clay seed rock fill is m high, total volume of main dam is m³, river bed elevation is 1,450 m and installed capacity is 7 MW. Tail water of plant is connected to irrigation channel. Available downstream facilities are Seyhan Regulator, Seyhan Dam, Catalan Dam and Mentas Dam respectively from downstream to upstream. Furthermore, there is Yuregir Hydroelectric Plant which was constructed on left coastal conveyance channel of Seyhan Regulator in 1969 with 6 MW installed capacity. Seyhan Regulator was built between ; dam shutters and shutter lifting gears were renewed between ; it is a facility which feeds right and left coastal main channels of Tarsus and Yuregir Valleys irrigation system. Tarsus and Yuregir Valleys irrigation and drainage systems which were launched to be constructed in 1957 extend on 181,300 ha area. Seyhan Dam was constructed between for irrigation, energy generation and flood control. It is an inclined clay seed earth fill dam with total fill volume of 7,500,000 m³, lake volume of Seyhan Dam which has an is 1,200 hm³, installed capacity of plant is 59 MW, average annual energy generation is 350 GWhr. Catalan Dam was constructed in upstream of Seyhan Dam between , with m height from ground, m from river bed. It is an earth filled dam constructed for energy generation and flood control. Installed capacity of plant is 169 MW, average annual energy generation is 596 GWhr, total fill volume of Catalan Dam is 17,000,000 m³, and lake volume is 2, hm³. Mentas Regulator and HEPP is a facility which was constructed for using drop between m, tailwater level of Yedigoze HEPP and 125, 00 m, lake level of Catalan Dam by a private enterprise with 40 MW installed capacity. Planned Plants There is Yedigoze Dam which is under construction in downstream of Kavsak Bendi Dam. Currently operating Seyhan and Catalan Dams and hydroelectric plants and Mentas Regulator and HEPP use drop in downstream of Kavsak Bendi HEPP. 54 Translated Document

75 There are six facilities which are planned to be constructed on Zamanti and Goksu Rivers composing Seyhan River in upstream of Kavsak Bendi Dam. Among them, Gumusoren, Goktas and Indere Dams are on Zamanti and its creeks; Feke, Menge and Kopru Damsa are on Goksu River. Characteristics of planned upstream facilities are summed up in paragraphs below. Gumusoren Dam and HEPP: It is a facility which has been designed near Gumusoren Settelement, Develi District, Kayseri Province, between 1, m and 1, m levels of Zamanti River for irrigation and energy purposes and has homogenous fill and concrete weight type. River bed elevation of Gumusoren Dam will be 1, m, height will be m, total fill volume of the plant will be 1,527,000 m³, total concrete volume will be 67,600 m³, total lake capacity will be hm³ and the plant will have an installed capacity of 5 MW. Goktas Dam and HEPP: Dam site is located on Zamanti River, 20 km north of Aladag District, Adana Province. The dam which has been designed in concrete weight type for energy purposes, has main dam volume of 914,000 m³, is m high, and has total lake volume of hm³. Diameter of energy tunnel is 5.50 m, height is 16,600 m, installed capacity of hydroelectric dam is 263, 50 MW. Indere Dam and HEPP: The dam which will be constructed on Inderesi, a creek of Zamanti River for purposes of electricity generation is a rock fill dam with 1, m height. Total volume of main dam elevated 1376,00 m from the river bed will be 703,000 m³, total lake volume will be hm³, installed capacity of plant will be 62 MW. Feke Dam and HEPP: It is a dam of rock-filled type intended for electricity generation, which will be situated over the Goksu River,15 km southwest of Feke District of Adana Province. The river bed elevation of the dam is m and the total dam volume will be 8,105,000 m³, the height of the dam will be m, the total lake volume will be hm³ and the installed capacity of the power plant will be 170 MW. Menge Dam and HEPP: Menge Dam is situated over the Goksu River in 30 km northwest of Kozan District of Adana Province in air distance. The river bed elevation of the Goksu River at the dam site is 422,5 m. The dam which is of roller compacted concrete type and intended for power generation is elevated 73.0 m from the base and the installed capacity of the power plant is 85 MW. Kopru Dam and HEPP: The dam site is located on Goksu River in upstream of joint of Goksu and Zamanti Rivers within the borders of Kozan District, Adana Province. River bed elevation of Goksu River is 318 m on dam site. Elevation of cylindercompressed concrete type dam which will be built to generate electric power from river bed is 97 m and installed capacity will be 145 MW. 55 Translated Document

76 Yedigoze Dam and HEPP: This project has been developed within the scope of the Lower Seyhan Basin Master Plan and the Planning Report was prepared in According to the Planning Report, the installed capacity of Yedigoze Dam is 300 MW and the annual power generation is 969 GWhr. It was designed and approved in 1986 with crest elevation of 240 m and the maximum standard operating level of 235 m in its Final Design. Information pertaining to facilities planned in upstream and downstream of Project is available in Annex-H. Agricultural Lands (agricultural development project areas, special crop plantation areas, size of irrigated and dry farming lands, property status, product patterns and their annual production amount, obtaining necessary permissions as per Law on Soil Conservation and Land Use Numbered 5403) IV.2.5 Agricultural Lands (agricultural development project areas, special crop plantation areas, size of irrigated and dry farming lands, property status, product patterns and their annual production amount, obtaining necessary permissions as per Law on Soil Conservation and Land Use Numbered 5403) There is a direct connection between the fact that 25% of the population of Adana Province lives in the villages and that the agricultural-origin economic inputs have an important place among the total inputs. The most fundamental reasons ensuring the agricultural productivity are that the fertile agricultural lands constituting approximately 38% of the surface area of the Province are lowlands and that Adana Province incorporates 1.9% of all tractors in our country in the agricultural mechanization field. In this respect, the distribution of agricultural lands and the distribution of land assets for Adana Province are given in the Table IV.17. Apart from all of these agricultural products, sour orange and citrus fruits grown in the region constitute a remarkable part of the entire production throughout the country. The data in relation to the abovementioned is given in the Tables IV.17 and 18 ( In Adana Province having agricultural lands of such great importance for Turkish economy, the size of irrigable agricultural land is 217,562 ha and constitutes only 40.4% of the total agricultural lands. 176,542 ha of this irrigated land is irrigated by the 6 th Regional Directorate of DSI, ha is irrigated by the 3 rd Regional Directorate of Rural Services and the remaining part is irrigated from wells, streams and drainage channels ( The general and district-based detailed distribution of the land assets for Adana Province is given in the Figure IV-21 and Table IV-15, respectively. 56 Translated Document

77 The surface area of Adana Province is 1,403,000 ha; this land can be categorized as follows; 539,000 ha is Agricultural Lands, 48,970 ha is Meadow and Pasture Lands, 547,730 ha is Forestry Lands, 267,300 ha is Other Lands Figure IV-21 Land Assets of Adana DISTRICTS Table IV-15 Total Land Assets for Adana Province by Districts SURFACE AREA (ha) TOTAL AGRICULTURAL LANDS (ha) MEADOW- PASTURE LANDS(ha) FORESTRY LANDS (ha) OTHER LANDS (ha) ALADAG 138,000 7,800 1,600 85,794 42,806 CEYHAN 142, ,700 5,000 4, FEKE 133,500 14,200 5,000 92, IMAMOGLU 42,400 34, , KARAISALI 149,742 29,550 3,400 81, KARATAS 92,200 57,000 4,000 2, KOZAN 169,000 60,320 1,770 98, POZANTI 77,200 4,980 3,500 55, SAIMBEYLI 113,200 11,700 11,700 69, SEYHAN 42,000 32, TUFANBEYLI 97,300 32,000 10,600 26, YUMURTALIK 50,100 31, , YUREGIR 155, ,000 1,000 20, TOTAL 1,403, ,000 48, , Source : Provincial Environmental Status Report, Adana, 2003 The agricultural and citrus fruits production amounts for Adana Province are given in the Tables IV-16 and IV-17. Table IV-16 Agricultural Production Amounts for Adana Province NAME OF THE PRODUCT PRODUCTION IN ADANA PROVINCE (ton) PRODUCTION THROUGHOUT TURKEY (ton) SHARE THROUGHOUT TURKEY (%) Corn 1,035,000 2,300, Cotton 168,000 2,293,745 7 Soya 25,478 50, Wheat 1,235,000 19,000,000 6,5 Watermelon 653,789 5,795, Olive 10, ,000 0,6 Source : Translated Document

78 Table IV-17 Citrus Fruits Production Amounts for Adana Province NAME OF THE PRODUCT PRODUCTION IN ADANA PROVINCE (ton) PRODUCTION THROUGHOUT TURKEY (ton) SHARE THROUGHOUT TURKEY (%) Orange 358,850 1,250, Mandarin 198, , Grapefruit 89, , Lemon 106, , Sour Orange 1,955 3, Source:: Kozan District was established on the total area of 1,690,000 decares. Approximately 603,200 decares of this area is used as agricultural land and 206,000 decares of the used land is irrigated by DSI and 94,000 decares is irrigated by the local people by means of various methods. The land assets and production amounts of the district are given in the Table IV-18. Table IV-18 Agricultural Production Amounts and Land Assets of Kozan District AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION LAND ASSET Production Amount (ton) Type Production Amount (ton) Type Wheat 147,000 Field Land 458,830 Barley 3,250 Vegetable Land 23,200 Oat 600 Vineyard-Garden Land 18,550 Cotton(Dry-Wet) 3,150 Citrus Fruits Land 76,500 Corn (I-II) 59,500 Olive Land 10,330 Soya (I-II) 1,600 Eucalyptus Land 2,000 Citrus Fruits 180,000 Fallow Land 13,700 Olive 4,600 Total 603,200 Watermelon 18,000 Lettuce 3,000 Cabbage 4,250 Source : In Aladag District, 77% of lands are covered with forests, 49% of them (65,554 ha) are fertile. Agricultural lands are typically rough and fertility is very low. The number of agricultural lands which are convenient for irrigated farming is fairly small. Fruits are grown gardens besieged with fences, wheat is planted in dry lands. Fruits such as cherry, apple, walnut, date etc. are grown. Since both soil structure and climate conditions of Aladag are available for organic agriculture, organic agriculture studies were initiated in Aladag for the first time in Adana with the collaborative efforts of Cukurova University Faculty of Agriculture and Aladag District Directorate of Agriculture in 2001 and organic agriculture has gained momentum as exportation goods nowadays. Organic agriculture studies which are only conducted in Aladag in Cukurova, reached 71 decares in 2005 ( Translated Document

79 Use of agricultural lands for non-agricultural purposes was approved by Adana General Directorate of Agriculture, the concerning letter of Directorate is presented in Annex-A. Furthermore, letter of Adana General Directorate of Agriculture in which capacity increase is stated to be in conformity with provisions of Law on Soil Conservation and Land Use numbered 5403 is provided in Annex-A.. IV.2.6 Properties and Uses of Soils (Physical-chemical and biologic characteristics of soil, land use capability classification, erosion, current use of land) Soil in Adana Province has formed mass soil groups exposed to the impact of main compound, climate, flora and time. Besides aforementioned soil groups, there are some land types which are deprived of ground cover and profile development. Project Site and its immediate surroundings which are located within the borders of Adana Province, Kozan and Aladag Districts contain two main soil groups. These are non-calcareous brown forest soil (N) and red Mediterranean soil (T). There is also scars ad debris (ÇK) in impact area. Non-calcareous Brown Forest Soil (N) The weak-widely bedded Non-calcareous Brown Forest Soils were formed over the schists which are antigorite and crystal limestone and beneath the forest and underbrush. In typical profile, there is grey brown Al at top, B which is more intensively red, heavier in quality but structurally different beneath the Al, at the bottom C or R, or both of them. Soil is light colored on schist. On limestone, especially B has a more intensively red color. In the formation, the processes of accumulation of organic matters in the topsoil, limestone washing, oxidation, clay, displacement of Fe-Al oxides from A to B are active. But, no development is seen on the right steep gradients other than the Al formation. Lime stones of Non-calcareous Brown forest soil formation are old and date from Permian age. The schists belong to Devonian and serpentine Mesozoic. The material decomposed from serpentine and certain schists is deprived of free lime. The material decomposed from limestone contains high amount of lime. It was washed away from the profile under the heavy rain and on the course of a long period. Although the soil settles on the limestone, it does not foam. However, if the limestone entering into the soil by the weathering of top gravels is washed away abruptly, the formation deteriorates. For this reason, ph base saturation is high. Red Mediterranean Soil (T) The Red Mediterranean Soils were formed over crystallized limestone in terrace sets and elevated lands. Iron 3 oxide deposit is effective due to oxidization in lime-drained hot-arid summer period. Amount of organic materials is small in soil since they decompose swiftly. Main soil directly lies on hard limestone. In some cases, the soil could 59 Translated Document

80 contain thin, soft lime intercalation. Stony and rocky grounds are widespread. If strong abrasion is active, the soil is observed only in rock fractures and small trenches. Similar soil formation is observed over limestone concrete and crystal calcareous gravel conglomerates as well. Red Mediterranean soil is distinguished apparently from neighboring brown forest and rendzina due to their red color. Main soil is washed away under heavy rainfall thus there is not free lime on upper layers. PH values are neutral and basic in low levels. Due to low level of organic material and presence of iron oxides in clay fraction in high levels, their water and nutrient holding capacities is medium level. Scars and Debris (ÇK) There is not ground cover over scar. Although there is soil and busk cover in rock joints and cavities one or two meters in length, this cover is not economically adequate. They are VIII. class. Lands of the Project Site and convenience of lands for agricultural use, distribution of mass soil groups are given in Figure IV-22. There are two types of main soil groups in total on project site and in its immediate surroundings, which are non-cancerous brown forest soil (N) and red Mediterranean soil (T). Besides these soil groups, scars and debris exist in majority of impact area. When they are assessed in terms of inclination-depth combination, soil depth values are very shallow and lithosolic inclination values amount to or exceed 30%. Aforementioned soil groups have poor drainage, stony and rocky structure, severe and very severe erosion level. Land within impact area is used moor, dry farming (with fallowing) and abandoned land. There are VII class lands on project site and in its immediate surroundings in terms of land use capability; a chart containing criteria of convenience for plantation and agriculture-limiting factors is given in Table IV-19 (Publications of Directorate General of Rural Services, 1996). 60 Translated Document

81 TÜNNEL MAIN DAM Source: Source: Land Assets of Adana Province, Directorate General of Rural Services, Prime Ministry, Republic of Turkey, 1996 Figure IV-22 Land Assets of the Project Site and Suitability of Lands for Agricultural Use, Distribution of Major Soil Groups CAPABILITY CLASS Table IV-19 Land Use Capability Classes and Suitability for Cultivation SUITABILITY FOR CULTIVATION AGRICULTURE-RESTRICTIVE FACTORS I Suitable for the cultivation of most of the plant species. Less or no restriction. II Suitable for long-term growing of many agricultural plants. It is required to take special precautions for soil and water protection. III IV V VI VII Agriculture can be made by the suitable product selection or special protection methods. Generally, their use in agricultural activities requires great deal of attention. Agriculture can be made by the suitable plowing method for several special plant species. Generally, their use in agricultural activities requires great deal of attention. Flat or almost flat inclined, stony or rather wet lands which are not suitable for agriculture by plowing. They are generally benefited from as meadow or woodland. Not suitable for agriculture by plowing in general. Lands mainly used as meadow or woodland. Not economic for agriculture, but suitable for the cultivation of poor pasturelands or forest trees. Lands not providing vegetable products. Can be evaluated VIII as entertainment area or game animal housing. Source : Soil Resources of Turkey, ZMO Editions 2003 Exposed to erosion and require artificial drainage when cultivated. Have severe threats for soil depth, stoniness, wetness and slope. Have a structure not suitable for plowing and a poor drainage. Have severe restrictions such as slope and soil willowness. Have severe restrictions such as soil willowness, stoniness, rockiness, slope, abrasion. Lack of soil. 61 Translated Document

82 IV.2.7 Forest Lands (amount of forest lands where the project site is located as m 2, species and amounts of trees, their floor space sizes and shadow area, their current and planned protection and/or intended uses, addition of 1/ vegetation map in report) The forest assets for Adana Province are given in the Figure IV-23. As can be seen from the Figure, 59% of the lands of Adana Province is forestless lands, 24% is standard forest lands and 17% is distorted forest lands. Project Site is located within the borders of Akdam-Meydan-Sogut Operation Offices affiliated to Kozan and Pos Operation, pinus brutia forest land with 1,264 ha is within the borders of Project Site. Analysis and Assessment Form prepared by Adana General Directorate of Forestry for forests in Project Site has been presented in Annex-A. There is pinus brutia (Çz) in area considered to be forest land. Types of stands have been determined as Çzd2, Çzcd2, BÇz, Çzd1, Çzcd1, Çzcd2, Çzcd3. 1/25,000 scaled vegetation map of Project Site is given in Annex-I. FORESTS IN ADANA PROVINCE *The areas are given in hectares. ir. OGM- Our Forests; 2006 Source: National Forest Inventory of 2006 for Turkey, General Directorate of Forestry, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Republic of Turkey Figure IV-23 Forest Lands of Adana Province It was indicated in letter of Adana General Directorate of Forestry dated and numbered B.18.1.OGM that this site is not within the borders of seed stand, national park, conservation forest, tourism area, game wild life, game reproduction site, military forbidden zone and special environment conservation area, the project does not pose a threat for forestry works, relation of forestnation and region where project site is located is one of sensitive areas for forest fires, land analysis assessment form has been presented in Annex-A. 62 Translated Document

83 IV.2.8 Protection Areas (National Parks, Natural Parks, Wetlands (information about Zamanti River), Natural Monuments, Natural Reserve Areas, Wildlife Protection Areas, Biogenetic Reserve Areas, Biosphere Reserves, Natural Site and Monuments, Historical, Cultural Sites, Specially Protected Environment Areas, Tourism Areas and Centers; Soil Protection and Land Usage, Areas under the Pasture Law and Aquaculture Law), their distance to project site. As a result of the field works carried out, opinions of the relevant institutions, web sites and literature information, in the Project Site and immediate surrounding area ; There is not any National Parks, Natural Parks, Natural Reserve Areas or Natural Monuments defined in Article 2 of National Parks Law No 2873 and specified in accordance with Article 3 of same law (See Annex-J). There is not any Wild Animals Accommodation Area or Wildlife Development Area determined by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry in accordance with the Land Hunting Law No 4915 (See Annex-J). There are not any areas of Cultural Property, Natural Property, Site and Protection Areas and Registered areas as per Article 2 of Law on Conservation of Culture and Natural Property numbered 2863, in the event that movable or immovable cultural property is encountered during construction phase, concerning museum and Directorate of District Board will be notified. Letter of General Directorate of Conservation of Adana Cultural and Natural Property dated and numbered 1896 has been presented in Annex-A. There is not any aquaculture production and reproduction field that is within the scope of Aquaculture Law No There is not any area determined and declared as SPEA (Specially Protected Environment Area) by the Council Of Ministers in accordance with the article 9 of Environmental Law No There is not any place specified in the Law on Improvement of Olive- Growing and Grafting Its Wild Varieties No There is not any area specified in the Pasture Law No There is not any place that is in included in the scope of first-degree military forbidden zones according to the Military Forbidden Zones and Safety Areas Law No There is not any area specified in the Mining Law No 3213 (5177). Zamanti River is one of the main creeks of Seyhan River and one of most internationally important wet land, it reaches end at 8 km spring in Project site. Necessary permission will be obtained as per Regulation on Conservation of Wetlands coming into effect by being published in Official Gazette dated and No Translated Document

84 The areas required to be protected in accordance with the international agreements to which our country is signatory; There is not any first and second protection area specified within the significant turtle reproduction areas from the areas protected in accordance with the European Convention on the Conservation of Wildlife and Natural Habitats (BERN Convention) or any habitat and reproduction area for Mediterranean seal. There is not any area protected in accordance with the Convention on Protection against Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea (Barcelona Convention). In our country, there is not any area determined as the Specially Protected Area in accordance with the protocol for the Specially Protected Area in the Mediterranean Sea. There is not any area included in the list of 100 Coastal Historic Sites of Common Mediterranean Interest published by the UN Environment program. There is not any coastal area that is a living and feeding environment for the Mediterranean Sea species in danger of extinction. There is not any area protected by the status of cultural heritage or natural heritage by the Ministry of Culture in accordance with the articles 1 and 2 of Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. There are not any internationally important wetlands protected in accordance with the Ramsar Convention. Areas required to be protected; There is not any Biogenetic Reserve Area or Geothermal Field. There are not agricultural lands whose land use capabilities are I, II, III and IV and special crop plantation areas. There are VII and VIII class lands in terms of land use capability and convenience for planting on Project site and impact area. There is not any area that is a living environment for the species that are of importance for the scientific researches and/or are or likely to be in danger of extinction and the species that are endemic for our country, biosphere reserve, biotope, biogenetic reserve area, areas with the unique Geological and Geomorphologic Formations. 64 Translated Document

85 IV.2.9 Species in Inland Waters (lake, river) (Natural characteristics of these species, species taken under protection by national and international legislations; their reproduction, feeding, shelter and living areas (habitat) and protection decisions for these areas) For detection of fish fauna in covered area of Yamanli II, Menge, Kopru and Kavsak Bendi HEPP which are planned to be built along the upstream - downstream direction of Seyhan Basin and its surrounding area, field surveys have been conducted by Hacettepe University lecturer Prof. Dr. Fusun ERKAKAN. Report prepared for species detected in these surveys and their reproduction, feeding, shelter and living area and protection status (Berne Convention, IUCN Red List and European Vertebrate Red Data Book) is provided in Annex-K. IV.2.10 Flora and Fauna (Species, endemic especially local endemic plant species, animal species whose habitats are in the area, species under protection by national and international legislation, rare species and endangered species and location of their habitats within the area, names and populations of game animals and Central Hunting Commission s Decisions concerning these animals) indication of vegetation species at the Project Site on a map. Protection measures required to be taken for species to be affected by the Project and the works (at the stage of construction and operation). Conducting flora studies in the field during vegetation period and identification of this period Biological monitoring surveys were conducted by Lecturer Expert Hasim ALTINOZLU at Botanics Major of Biology Department at the Science Faculty of Hacettepe University and Lecturer Prof. Dr. Salih Levent TURAN at the Secondary Education Science and Math Teaching Department Major of Biology Department at Faculty of Education of Hacettepe University in February, March and April in 2009 in order to determine dominant flora and fauna structure of site, take a list of species which are protected with legislation and international agreements, determine necessary preventive measures and take determined measures. Within the scope of flora survey, fresh plant samples were collected from the field, they were dried applying herbarium technique. These plants were identified according to reference source Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands. Detected species were listed by assigning them family, taxon, endemism situation, phytogeographic region and Turkish names. Furthermore, with the use of Turkey Plants Red Book published by Association for Conservation of Nature in Turkey by considering the criteria determined by International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), categories of danger for species detected in Project Site have been determined. 65 Translated Document

86 Necessary steps to be taken in order to conserve position, population density, status of continental fauna compounds existing within the borders of Project Site and in its immediate surroundings and prevent the possible impacts of activity on continental fauna and negative impacts of activity on these compounds have been determined. Within the scope of surveys conducted on continental fauna compounds, studies aimed at species belonging to Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia and habitats of these species have been carried out, conservation status of species has been assessed in line with legislation and international agreements like flora study. In this assessment, European Red List (ERL) which was prepared by IUCN and updated in 2008, Berne Convention criteria and currently updated versions of conservation lists; Conservation Lists prepared by Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks, Central Hunting Commission (CHC) for period, published in Official Gazette dated and numbered have been taken into consideration. Kavsak Bendi Biological Study Report containing aforementioned biologic surveys is available in Annex-L. Detailed information relating to biological surveys is given in Section VIII.1. IV.2.11 Mines and Fossil Fuel Resources (Reserve amounts, available and planned operating conditions, annual productions, significance and economic value for national or local uses) Adana has a wide range of and important underground resources due to its geologic location. Several mineral resources such as chrome, lead, zinc, gold, silver, bauxite, manganese, barite, phosphate, quartz sand and quartzite, gypsum, salt, raw materials for cement, building stones, oil, coal, asbestos, magnesite etc. are among the natural resources of region ( Information about mining activities in Kozan District where part of Project Site is located are summarized in Table IV-20, there are not any mining activities conducted in Aladag District (Adana Governorship, 2006). Table IV-20 Mining Activities of Kozan District Name of Reserve Place of Reserve Amount of Reserve (ton) Operation Status Copper-Lead-Zinc Kozan-Horzum 20,000 At Times Iron Kozan-Inniktepe 600,000 Not Active Quartzite Kozan-Horzum 150,000,000 At Times Source : , Provincial Environmental Status Report, 2006 There is not any mining activity in the Project Site and in its immediate surroundings ( Furthermore, any kind of minerals which has economic value have not been found on the Project Site in geologic and geotechnical studies conducted (Dolsar, 2009). 66 Translated Document

87 Figure IV-24 Mining Map for Adana Province IV.2.12 Animal Husbandry (Species, feeding grounds, annual production amounts, place and value of these products in national economy) Throughout Adana, the animal husbandry and industry of animal products are among the main sources of income for the people living in the rural areas. Bovine breeding, ovine breeding, poultry raising, hatcheries and beekeeping are the primary compounds of this sector. The animal stocks of Adana Province are given in Table IV-21 to Table IV-24. Table IV-21 Ovines Stocks for the Districts of Adana Province DISTRICT SHEEP SHEEP (MERINO) HAIR GOAT TOTAL Seyhan 4, ,200 Yuregir 23,400 7,060 30,460 Aladag 17,238 31,864 49,102 Ceyhan 14,290 3,910 18,200 Feke 21,150 26,600 47,750 Imamoglu 7,700 7,000 14,700 Karaisali 21,150 38,850 60,000 Karatas 9, , Translated Document

88 DISTRICT SHEEP SHEEP (MERINO) HAIR GOAT TOTAL Kozan 42,250 28,000 70,250 Pozanti 9,800 9,500 19,300 Saimbeyli 18, ,000 61,100 Tufanbeyli 6,900 1,660 6,300 14,860 YUMURTALIK 5, ,050 TOTAL 200,849 2, , ,273 Source: Table IV-22 Bovine Stocks for the Districts of Adana Province DISTRICT PURE CULTURE CULTURE CROSS-BREED NATIVE TOTAL CATTLE WATER BUFFALO HORSE MULE DONKEY Seyhan 1,800 6, , Yuregir 1,158 31, , Aladag 796 2,738 3,563 7, Ceyhan , , Feke 1,240 3,220 4,600 9, Imamoglu 685 6,000 6, Karaisali ,090 2,035 9, Karatas 10, , Kozan 5,260 17,300 1,800 24, , ,700 Pozanti , *Saimbeyli 1,210 6,040 7, , ,100 Tufanbeyli 2,430 3,980 3,150 9, ,250 Yumurtalik 312 4, , TOTAL 15, ,388 23, , ,389 2,848 8,072 Source : Table IV-23 Numbers and Product Amounts of Beehives for the Districts of Adana Province Districts Number of Old-Style Hives Hives Number of New Style Hives Number of Old- Style Hives Products Number of New Style Hives Seyhan 6,586 54,200 6,586 Yuregir 15, ,000 17,540 Aladag 140 1,300 21,600 4,300 Ceyhan 130 1,540 33,100 3,310 Feke 500 7,000 75,000 6,000 İmamoglu 45, ,000 90,000 Karaisali 30 9, ,000 12,000 Karatas 1,200 18,000 Kozan 92,100 2,302, ,150 Pozanti 13, ,500 2,300 Saimbeyli , ,000 13,900 Tufanbeyli 3,500 52,500 4,775 Yumurtalik 140 1,321 27,000 4,800 Total 1, ,147 4,091, ,661 Source : 68 Translated Document

89 Table IV-24 Poultry Stock for the Districts of Adana Province Districts NUMBER OF CHICKENS Number of Broilers Number of Layers NUMBER OF DUCKS (Number) NUMBER OF GEESE (Number) NUMBER OF TURKEYS (Number) CHICKEN EGG Number Seyhan 1,120,000 6, ,700 1,200,000 Yuregir 530, , ,200 14,500 40,400,000 Aladag 72,500 6, ,000 Ceyhan 50,000 35,000 1, ,200,000 Feke 5, ,000 Imamoglu 60,000 60, ,600,000 Karaisali 230,000 65,000 11,700,000 Karatas 10, ,000,000 Kozan 90,000 Pozanti 11,200 5,000 1,000,000 Saimbeyli 51, ,500,000 Tufanbeyli 7, ,000 Yumurtalik 28,800 1, ,184,000 Total 2,163, ,800 4,592 3,574 16,855 77,644,000 Source : IV.2.13 Lands Possessed by and under Disposal of Authorized Bodies of Government (Prohibited Military Zones, areas allocated to the Public Institutions and Organizations for certain purposes, etc.) There are not any Military Zones or areas allocated to the Public Bodies and Agencies for specific purposes and restricted by Council of Ministers' Decision No 7/ IV.2.14 Detection of Current Pollution Load of Project Area and its Impact Area in terms of Air, Water, Soil and Noise As cited in Section II.1, the nearest settlements to dam site are Guven Quarter (1,600 m) of Henuzcakiri Village (Kozan); Karahan Village (3,400 m) (Aladag) and Topaktas Quarter (1,750 m) within this village while the nearest settlements to Plant site are Gokcekoy Village (1,100 m) (Aladag) and Gokce Quarter in this village (850 m). There is not any industrial plant that may cause the environmental pollution in these villages and settlements. Village residents are engaged in noncommercial income sources; agriculture and husbandry. Therefore, there is not any air, soil and noise pollution in the settlement areas. As is mentioned in foregoing sections, construction activities for the project which received EIA Positive Decision from MoEF (See Annex-A) initiated in August 2008, prior to construction activities water samples from downstream of dam axis were taken in April and July 2008, ph, suspended solid particles (SSP), conductivity and turbidity parameters were measured. Measurement results and results quality classes which were determined 69 Translated Document

90 considering Categorization based Quality Criteria of Intra-Continental Water Resources cited in Table-1 are given in Table IV-25. Table IV-25 Measurement Results of Water Sample Parameter Unit April 2008 Quality Category July 2008 Quality Category ph I 7.31 I SSP mg/l 59.2 III 40.4 II Conductivity µs/cm 157 I 405 II Turbidity NTU In former EIA studies of DOKAY-EIA for Project, noise measurement studies for detection of background noise levels in settlement areas in surrounding area of Project Site were carried out. The results of these studies are given in Table IV-26. Table IV-26 Noise Measurement Results Measurement Date Measurement Point Measurement Location L AFmax L AFmin L day Andirap Village Gokce Quarter L day values detected on measurement point are below 55 dba. According to Article 27 of Directive on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise (DAMEN) measurement place and surrounding area can be classified as Category A (L day type 55 dba) when it is assessed in terms of categories of exposure to noise. Accordingly, measures against noise are taken considering noise-sensitive current or planned usages in planning decisions. Noise at the top of this category is not unsettling. IV.2.15 If Ready-Mixed Concrete Plant is to be Constructed, Acreage of Area, Coordinates, Property Licence and Submission of Available Land Use Information, Indication of Plant Area on 1/25,000 Scaled Map and Drawing Detailed Situation Plan, Technical Know-How, Production Details of Concrete Plants Two concrete plants with 120 m 3 /hr capacity and a concrete plant with 200 m 3 /hr capacity, a total of three concrete plants will be used for production of cyclindercompressable concrete and normal concrete plants in construction phase. Coordinates of concrete plant locations are given in Table IV Translated Document

91 Table IV-27 Coordinates of Concrete Plant Locations Coordinates (UTM ED 50 Zone 36) No. East (X) North (Y) CP CP CP Concrete Plants are composed of main units given below: i. Mixer ii. Cement, aggregate, sand stores and water tanks iii. Content dosing equipment (cement, aggregate, sand and water) iv. Conveyor In concrete plant, dosed cement, aggragate, sand and water are mixed in mixer to prepare concrete. Prepared concrete is transferred to construction site in concrete trucks. Delivery of aggregate to plant is provided using the conveyor in concrete plant. An illustrative photo of a concrete plant is displayed in Figure IV Translated Document

92 Figure IV-25 Illustrative Photograph of a Concrete Plant Surface areas of concrete plants are given in Table II-2. Proposed concrete plant locations are indicated in 1/25,000 scaled topographic map presented in Annex-C-1 and 1/5,000 scaled General Layout Plan presented in Annex-C-2. As cited in Section III.5, land allocation procedures (expropriation, forestry permission etc.) of Project Site including concrete plants have been completed. Concrete plants are within the borders of forest land. IV.2.16 Other Characteristics There is not any other consideration to be explained on the properties of physical and biological environment and use of natural sources. IV.3 Characteristics of Socio- Economical Environment In this sub-section, general information about the socio- economical characteristics of the vicinity of the Project Site is given. 72 Translated Document

93 IV.3.1 Economical Characteristics (the main sectors comprising the economical structure of the region, distribution of the regional labor power among these sectors, share and significance of goods and services production within the regional and national economy, other details) Adana which is the seventh biggest province in Turkey is both the economic and provincial center of Cukurova region. According to the data from the T.R. Prime Ministry Undersecretariat of State Planning Organization (DPT), Adana is 8 th province in the list displaying the social development of Turkey. With a share over 3% in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Turkey in the year 2000, Adana ranks 6 th among the cities in Turkey. In the light of data belonging to the same year, Adana holds the 19 th rank in the nation-wide list with 2,057 (TL) GDP per capita. The primary sectors sustaining Adana s economy are agriculture, manufacturing industry and trade which make up approximately 65% of the overall economy. Adana province and Cukurova region in particular is one of the primary agriculture / industry / trade regions of the country and industrial activities have gained momentum / attracted attention in terms of processing / availing of raw materials. Among 872 districts in Turkey, Aladag ranks 713th and Kozan 273rd in terms of socio-economical development (DPT, 2003). Insofar, the districts do not play an important role in the economy of province. Mining and plateau tourism in Aladag and agricultural activities in Kozan are dominant in the district economies. Primary Sectors Comprising the Economic Structure Details relating to the primary sectors comprising the economic structure of region are provided below. Agriculture The surface area of Adana is 1,403,000 ha and 539,000 ha of this land is the cultivated agricultural area, 48,970 ha is meadow and pasture, 547,730 ha is forest-bush and moor, and 235,300 ha is mountainous-stony area, 13,000 ha is settlement and 19,000 ha is area covered by water. Adana province sits at the center of the Cukurova Region which provides 7.8% of agricultural production in Turkey. In the enormously productive Cukurova lands, the cultivation areas for such products as corn, peanut, soya or sunflower and glasshouse products gradually increase. Furthermore, works are carried out with the modern methods on the subjects of viniculture and horticulture and the production of such fruits as grape and cherry are developed. Adana is also among the important cities of Turkey in the cotton production. The distribution of agricultural lands is given in Table IV-28: 73 Translated Document

94 Table IV-28 Distribution of Agricultural Lands in Adana Province Distribution of Agricultural Lands Hectare Field 445,180 Fruit 44,406 Vegetable 37,435 Fallow 11,979 Total Agricultural Land 539,000 Source: Provincial Environmental Status Report, Adana, 2003 Animal Husbandry The animal husbandry is not as important as agriculture in Adana on account of the fact that the meadows and pastures are scarce. The stockbreeding is mostly seen in the slopes of Toros Mountains. Sheep, hair goat, cattle, horse and camel are raised in the province. Beekeeping is also developed. Industry As is pointed out in the foregoing sections, Adana is a developed province in socio-economical terms and is ranked as 6 th among 81 provinces with respect to GDP. There are organized industrial zones and small industrial estates and a university which can support the industry with the white collar staff members. Number of workplaces that operate throughout the province and are registered to the Adana Chamber of Industry and employ 10 and/or more workers are 732. Most of the operating industrial businesses are large-scaled and employ a great number of workers. Today, 18 of 500 large industrial organizations operating throughout the country are in Adana and there are 5 workplaces in which more than 1000 workers are employed. 55 companies with foreign capital operate in Adana. The number of small and medium sized enterprises is 1,023, the number of enterprises that engage in the production is 525 and the number of enterprises that engage in the repair and trade is 550 in Adana Province. There are not any industrial plants and industrial zone in the Project Site and its immediate surroundings. Mining Adana abounds in the mineral deposits. Chrome is extracted in Karaisali, quartzite and zinc in Kozan and also iron, manganese, quartzite, chrome, zinc, barite, copper and lead in the districts around. According to the provincial mining maps of General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, there are not any mineral or fossil fuel resources on the site of 74 Translated Document

95 Project facilities. There is not any mining activity in the Project Site and its immediate surroundings Tourism Adana has a great tourism potential with its historical background of thousands of years, numerous historical artifacts surviving to current times from that past, natural beauty of Yumurtalik and Karatas shores and green plateaus of Toros Mountains, healing waters, diversity in terms of the plant and animal species. Toros Mountains covering the north and east of the province have a natural environment that is very suitable for mountain sports, trekking and hunting tourism. Furthermore, it is extremely convenient for development of plateau tourism with its numerous plateaus. The lagoons and reed beds created by the rivers of Seyhan and Ceyhan provide unlimited opportunities in terms of the eco-tourism. Since the summer months are very warm, spending the summer in a plateau is almost a necessity for the local people. There are such alternative tourisms as the camping, health tourism, river and canoe tourism and hunting tourism in the plateaus. Tuzla and Akyatan Lakes created by the Seyhan River and Akyatan Lake formed by the Ceyhan River and Ceyhan and Yumurtalik fishponds and other lagoons connected to these constitute the areas in which the rare terrestrial and marine species and birds reproduce and take shelter. The areas other than these lagoons and fishponds are also suitable areas for the coastal tourism and yacht tourism. Apart from these; another potential of inlands of Cukurova is its live economic life. As Adana is the largest city and business center of the region, it also has a significant potential for Business and Convention Tourism with its developed university and timehonored social activites. In Adana province that abounds in the historical artifacts, Tepebag mound, historical Great Clock, mosques, caravanserais, covered bazaars and mosic museum are sights worth seeing ( There are no spots of touristic value on the Projects Site and surrounding area. Distribution of Regional Labor The labor force participation rate is 49% within the active population (12 and older) in Adana Province, and this rate significantly differs according to the gender. The labor force participation rate is 66% for the male population and 32% for the female population. The labor force participation rate differs very much for the female population according to the settlement. While 84 out of 100 women in the villages are employed, this rate is at the 75 Translated Document

96 lowest level with 16% in the metropolis and 12% in the district centers, which is in the lowest level (TUIK, 2000). The labor force participation rate in Kozan District to be affected by the Project is 32% and this rate differentiates from the average of district centers throughout the province (33%). The labor force taking part in the provincial economy and its sectoral distribution according to the classifications of the TUIK are given in the following table together with the nation-wide figures (Table IV-29). As seen from the Table, the sectoral distribution of labor force in Adana Province is in parallel with the pattern of Turkey. The main sector which economy is based on is the agriculture sector and it is followed by community, social and personal services. Table IV-29 Sectoral Distribution of Active Population (%) Location A B C D E F G Adana Province Kahramanmaras Province Turkey Source: TUIK, A: Agriculture, stock farming, forestration, hunting and fishing B: Service work C:Trade and Sales Personnel D: Administrative Personnel etc. E: Entrepreneurs, directors and senior executives F: Scientific and technical staff, self-employed persons G: Non-agricultural IV.3.2 Population (Urban and rural population in the district, population movements, migrations, population growth rates, average household population, other information) Administrative Division Adana Province consists of 13 districts. Kozan District part of the Project Site is located within the borders of the largest district with its surface area of km². According to the results of the 2008 Address-Based Population Registration System (ABPRS) of Turkish Statistical Institute, the overall population of Adana Province is 2,026,319 and the total populations of Kozan and Aladag Districts are 18,249 and 124,669 respectively. The total population of villages of Henuzcakiri, Karahan and Gokce are 424, 319 and 356, respectively ( Urban and Rural Population As seen from the Table IV-30, 1,763,351 of total population of Adana live in provincial settlements (87%), and 262,968 live in villages (13%) according to the results of 2008 ABPRS results. 76 Translated Document

97 Table IV-30 Population Data for Adana Province and its Districts derived from the results of 2008 ABPRS Name of District Total Population City Population Village Population Seyhan 752, ,308 41,349 Yuregir 416, ,299 4,861 Aladag 18,249 4,556 13,693 Ceyhan 158, ,040 56,753 Feke 19,952 4,671 15,281 İmamoglu 31,257 20,848 10,409 Karaisali 23,481 7,328 16,153 Karatas 22,472 8,601 13,871 Kozan 124,669 72,727 51,942 Pozanti 21,963 9,859 12,104 Saimbeyli 17,671 4,000 13,671 Tufanbeyli 19,045 5,638 13,407 Yumurtalik 19,625 5,296 14,329 Total 2,026,319 1,763, ,968 Source: Population Growth Rate The population of Turkey has increased approximately 5 times since In the same period, the population of Adana Province has increased approximately 8 times and reached 1,849,478 in The population share of Adana Province within the national population was approximately 2.7% in 2000, whereas it was 1.7% in 1927 and rose to 2.8% in The annual average population growth rate calculated for the period using the 2008 ABPRS data is According to the data of 2008 ABPRS, the total population figures for Kozan and Aladag districts, where the Project Site is located, are respectively 124,669 and 18,249. The annual population growth rates calculated for the period are 5.93 in Kozan district and in Aladag. Distribution of Age Groups As the results of the ABPRS Population Census of 2008 taken by TUIK do not contain any details relating to the distribution of population according to age groups, such information on the distribution of age groups have been arranged availing of the results of the Population Census of According to the Population Census of 2000, the most dominant age groups in the population of Adana Province are those of and (with 11,18 % and 11,21 %, respectively) (see Figure IV-26). The most dominant age group in Kozan District is the age group of (see Figure IV-27 and IV-28). 77 Translated Document

98 Figure IV-26 Age Groups Distribution of Adana Province Figure IV-27 Age Groups Distribution of Aladag District Figure IV-28 Age Groups Distribution of Kozan District 78 Translated Document

99 Population Density Population density is defined as number of people per square kilometer. The results of the ABPRS Population Census of 2008 do not contain any information relating to population density, estimated population density information for the year 2008 has been obtained making use of population density details provided for the year Accordingly, figures for population density in province of Adana as well as Aladag and Kozan Districts are respectively 145, 14 and 67. IV.3.3 Income (Distribution of the local income to the lines of business, maximum, minimum and average income per capita by the lines of business) Being the 7th largest province of Turkey, the city of Adana is the 8th province in the rating of socio-economical development according to the data of DPT (2003). Adana Province took part in the 6th place with the share of 3.05% in the GDP of Turkey in For Adana Province, the GDP per capita was 2,833 YTL according to the data of The distribution of GDP by the sectors is given in the Figure IV-29. Figure IV-29 Sectoral Distribution of Gross Domestic Product in Adana Province (as of 2001) IV.3.4 Unemployment (Ratio of unemployed population in the district to the active population) By definition, economically active population is the proportion of the population older than the age of 12 to the population consisting of those who are employed or still deal with business or who are unemployed and looking for a job. According to the TUIK s data of 2000, the unemployment rate in Adana Province rised to 14.3% in 2000, whereas it was 5.5% in In 2000, this rate was 15.0% among the male population and 12.8% among the female population. The unemployment figures based on sex in Adana Province are shown in the Figure IV-30. For districts of Aladag and Kozan unemployment rates are 5.89% and 11.68%. 79 Translated Document

100 Figure IV-30 Unemployment Rates based on Gender in Adana Province IV.3.5 Social Infrastructure Services in the District (Education, health, cultural services and utilization condition of such services) Education and Cultural Services According to the TUIK s data of 2000, the literacy rates in Adana Province and districts of Aladag and Kozan are respectively 87%, 82% and 86%. According to the TUIK s data of 2008, 18,800 teachers in total serve in 1454 schools throughout Adana province and a total of 462,688 students receive education. Throughout the province, there are 514 pre-school educational institutions, 720 elementary schools, 121 general secondary schools (high schools), and 99 vocational and technical secondary schools. Province has 4 Libraries, Archeological Museum of Adana, Ethnographic Museum, Ataturk Science and Cultural Center and Misis Mosaic Museum. There are 10 Faculties, 12 Graduate Schools, 27 Research and Application Centers, 3 Institutes, 1 State Conservatory attached to Cukurova University which is the only university of the Province and students study at these educational institutions. The literacy rates and schooling rates among population in Adana Province, Districts of Aladag and Kozan based on TUIK 2000 data are provided in Table IV-31. Table IV-31 Population Based on Literacy and Latest Educational Institute Graduated from LITERACY STATUS ADANA PROVINCE ALADAG DISTRICT KOZAN DISTRICT LITERACY STATUS Illiterate 212, ,984 Illiterate Non-graduates 382,752 1,278 14,736 Non-graduates Elementary school graduates 554,088 2,104 19,079 Elementary school graduates Secondary school graduates 167, ,654 Secondary school graduates High school and equivalent vocational school graduates 226, ,342 College and faculty graduates 76, ,457 Source: TUIK, High school and equivalent vocational school graduates College and faculty graduates 80 Translated Document

101 Operational primary schools in the nearest villages to the Project Site and number of students attending these schools are given in Table IV-32. The students residing in the Karakoyak Quarter of Karahan Village located in the vicinity of Project Site continue their education in Henuzcakiri Village and the students are going to be transported to schools and back to their homes by vehicles owned by ENERJISA for their safety. Table IV-32 Schools located in the vicinity of Project Site and Number of Students Name of School Number of Students Karahan Elementary School 27 Gokcekoy Elementary School 10 Andirap Elementary School 18 Henuzcankiri Elementary School 23 Akdam Elementary School 145 Akdam Cirnazli Elementary School 28 Kislak Elementary School 43 In the Project Site, there is no educational institution that might be affected by the construction of the Project facilities. Health Services According to TUIK s data of 2006, the number of beds in public and private hospitals in Adana Province is in total. In the Province, specialists, practitioners, nurses, health officers and midwives render services. The number of beds in hospitals per a hundred patients is 259 in the whole province. There are no health centers in villages of Henuzcankiri, Karahan and Gokce in the vicinity of Project Site. The local people are provided with health services by the health centers in Aladag and Kozan district centers and Adana City Center. Transportation Transportation in Adana Province is provided by highway, airway, railway and seaway. There are 448 km state highways, 511 km provincial highways and km dual carriageways available within the boundaries of Adana Province. Adana Airport was put into service as a civil-military airport in It started to be used as civil airport in It is distanced 3.5 km from the city. The passenger capacity of Adana airport which was 2,000,000 per year by 1997 increased to 5,000,000 passenger/year after the International Terminal was put into service ( Today, Adana Station of which the railway connection was realized in 1860 s to many cities is available for transportation. There is 205 km long railway lines in operation in total including 156 km main line, 23 km double line (Yenice-Adana), 26 km station roads and siding within the boundaries of Adana Province. There are 11 stations within the boundaries of the province ( 81 Translated Document

102 Project Site is accessed via 69km long highway leading to Kozan and via 29km long highway to Akdam village starting in Kozan and then taking the 16km long stabilized road starting in Akdam. IV.3.6 Urban and Rural Land Uses (Distribution of building areas, all available and planned areas of usage within this scope such as industrial zones, settlements, tourism areas, etc.) Available and Planned Areas of Usage The surface area of Adana is 1,403,000 ha and 539,000 ha of this land is the cultivated agricultural area, 48,970 ha is meadow and pasture, 547,730 ha is forest-bush and moor, and 235,300 ha is mountainous-stony area, 13,000 ha is settlement and 19,000 ha is area covered by water. The distribution of lands in Adana Province is given in Figure IV % 36% 37% 3% Agricultural Area Tarım Alanı Çayır Plain&Meadow ve Mera Forest Orman Area Alanı Other Diğer Araziler Areas Figure IV-31 Lands in Adana Province The lands in Adana Province which are convenient for agriculture based on soil cultivation are distributed to be ha of I. class lands, ha of II. Class lands, ha of III. class lands and ha of IV. class lands. Distribution of the agricultural lands in Adana Province is seen in Figure IV Translated Document

103 Fruit Meyve Land Alanı 7% Vegetable Land Sebze Alanı 6% Fallow Land Nadas Alanı 2% Agricultural Tarla Alanı Area 85% Agricultural Tarla Alanı Fruit Meyve Land Alanı Vegetable Sebze Alanı Fallow Nadas Alanı Land Area Land Figure IV-32 Distribution of Agricultural Lands in Adana Province The total lands in Kozan district are 211,345 ha. The available land use patterns in the district are seen in the Table IV-33. Table IV-33 Land Use Patterns in Kozan District LAND USE PATTERNS KOZAN AREA (ha) PROPORTION (%) Surface Area 211, Total Agricultural Lands 85, Meadows - Pastures 4, Forest Lands 110, Other Lands 11, Out of the whole area of 2,945, m 2 comprising the Project Site, 2,519, m 2 are forest lands, 15,900 m 2 are treasury lands and 410,000 m 2 are personnel properties. Industrial Zones and Tourism Areas As is understood from the 1/100,000 scaled Landscaping Plan of Adana provided in the Annex-D, the Project Site does not occupy the lands designated to be industrial zones and tourism areas. IV.3.7 Other Characteristics There is no other consideration related to the District required to be clarified in this section. 83 Translated Document

104 V. IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT ON THE AREA DEFINED IN SECTION IV AND MEASURES TO BE TAKEN (In this chapter, the impacts of the Project on physical and biological environment, the legal, administrative and technical measures to be taken to prevent or reduce these impacts are explained separately and in detail for V.1 ad V.2 topics.) V.1 Preparation of the Land, Projects at the stage of Construction and Installation, Impacts on Physical and Biological Environment and Measures to be Taken (Dams, Regulator, HES and Quarries, if any, included) In this chapter the impacts of the Projects, particularly the capacity increase on the physical and socio- economical environment are discussed. As is specified under the foregoing titles, some small-scaled revisions have been made to the hydraulic design parameters of Project units as a result of the optimization operations aimed at establishing the actual electricity generation capacity of Seyhan River. The most significant one among these revisions is how the materials are to be used in the construction of main dam. Accordingly, the materials to be obtained through the excavations of dam units have been found to be convenient for use in the construction of main dam and as is specified in the foregoing sections it is not planned to use quarries mentioned in the Final EIA dated September In consequence of the geological and geotechnical surveys conducted, it has been decided to place the power house on a location of the HEPP which is more convenient in geological respect and it has been located approximately 430 m further downstream (see Annex-C). Within the scope of the Project which has been granted EIA Positive Decision, construction works took start in August 2008 and excavations of the access roads and entry and exit portals of derivation and energy tunnels have been completed to a large extent. In chapter V.1, the possible environmental impacts of construction activities are evaluated and in chapter V.2 the environmental impacts which could be borne during the stage of operation are assessed and the methods for mitigating such impacts are described. The possible socio-economic impacts of the project both during construction and operation phases are evaluated in Chapter V.3 in detail. 84 Translated Document

105 V.1.1 Where and to What Extent the Excavation Works to be Performed within the scope of the Works to be Carried Out for the Preparation of the Land, Vegetable Soil and Excavation Amount, Where the Soil, Stones, Sand etc to be Transported and for Which Purposes They are to be Used, Materials to be used during Excavation Amount of Excavation Materials Out of the overall excavation of 2,700,000 m 3, comprised of road excavations (2,000,000 m 3 ) and excavations of entry and exit portals of derivation and energy tunnels (700,000 m 3 ) which are planned to be completed prior to start of the main construction activities, 2,300,000 m 3 have been completed within the scope of the Project construction works of which have been launched. The materials obtained from these excavations have been utilized for purposes of road slopeand it is also envisaged to use the materials to be obtained from the excavation of 400,000 m 3 to be completed prior to the start of main construction activities in the road embankment. The open excavations except for the scree excavations are to be made using the method of drilling and blasting. Detailed information relating to the blastings is available in the Annex- M. The quantity of the excavations planned to be made within the frame of main construction activities in consequence of the Project revision realized at Final design stage is given in Table V-1. Table V-1 Amount of Excavation Materials Unit Excavation Amount (m 3 ) Left Coastal Road 203,723 Main dam and Spillway 1,200,000 Coffer Dams 26,800 Site of Power Plant 866,000 Tail water (river improvement) 400,000 Surge Tank 116,000 Switchyard 37,000 Tunnels Injection Galleries 26,691 Slope Power Plant Access Tunnel 7,949 Energy Tunnel 255,779 Energy Tunnel Approach Tunnel 8,745 Derivation / Waste Outlet 80,707 Surge Tank 37,450 Penstock Pipe 33,156 Total 3,300,000 The total amount of excavation materials to be sourced from the excavations to be made on the dam site is predicted to be 1,682,504.5 m 3, and total excavation amount to be sourced from the excavations on the site of power plant to be 1,617,495.5 m ,000 m 3 of the excavation materials is planned to be used as filler for 85 Translated Document

106 coffer dams, and 1,200,000 m 3 of it to be used in the production of concrete and shotcrete to be used in the construction of several Project units (main dam, derivation unit, energy tunnel, embankment plant etc.). Accordingly, total amount of material to be used throughout the Project construction is to be in amount of 1,326,000 m 3. As for the excavation materials not to be used in the construction of Project units (3,300,000 m 3-1,326,000 m 3 = 1,974,000 m 3 ), they are to be stored on the storage spaces designated. Machines and Equipment that will be used in Construction Works The machines and equipment listed below are to be used during such operations as digging, filling, tunneling, stripping, carrying, concrete works in the scope of the construction, as is outlined in the September 2007 dated Final EIA Report. Road Roller Vibrating Roller Bulldozers Excavators Rubber Wheeled Loaders Dumper Trucks Compressors Tunnel Jumbo Drillers Open Excavation Stone Drillers Portable Compressor Generator Concrete Plants Concrete Pump Crushers Diesel Electricity Generator Injection Machine Drilling Machine It is not predicted that any additional machines or equipment are to be used other than those listed above based on capacity increase. The number of equipment that will be used may vary according to the construction phase. Storage areas The excavated materials which are not used within the scope of construction works of Project are to be collected on storage areas D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5. It is planned that the excavation materials to be obtained from the excavations on the dam site be collected on the storage areas of D1 and D2, those from the excavations on the site of 86 Translated Document

107 power plant on the storage areas D3, D4 and D5. No materials are to be stored in the stream bed within the frame of Project. The estimated amount of materials to be compiled on the storage areas are given in the Table V-2 and storage areas are displayed on the General Layout Plan attached in Annex-C. Coordinates of the storage areas are available in Annex- C. Table V-2 Amount of Materials to be Collected on Storage areas Storage area Approx. Capacity (m 3 ) Surface Area (m 2 ) Distance from Excavation Site (m) D1 610, , D2 322, , D3 725, ,340 2,000 D4 227,000 49,570 1,400 D5 116,000 25,714 1,200 Total 2,000,000 In all excavation works in scope of project, the provisions of Regulation on the Control of Excavation Soil, Construction and Debris Wastes which took effect having been published in Official Gazette dated and numbered will be complied with. Excavated materials are not to be stored haphazardly, vegetable soil collected during the excavation will be covered and stored and be used in landscaping for surface coating purposes. V.1.2 Transport, Storage and Usage of Inflammable, Explosive, Hazardous, Toxic and Chemical Materials to be Used during the Preparation of the Land and the Construction of the Units, Equipment and Machinery to be Used for these Works Explosives are planned to be used due to the geological structure of the land where the construction is to be done. The required for using explosives, permissions are to be taken from Adana Governorship and explosives will be purchased from the producers and transported to Project Site in accordance with regulations. For transportation of the explosives escort and truck with a capacity of 10 tons, for transportation of diesel and oil 10 tons tanker and flat chassis truck will be used. The transportation, storage and usage of the flammable and explosive materials (dynamite, exploder, gasoline, diesel etc.) will be in accordance with the Regulation on Measures to be Taken In Workplaces Using Explosive, Flammable, Dangerous And Harmful Materials published in Official Gazette dated and numbered and Regulation on Procedures and Principles of Production, Important, Transportation, Keeping, Storage, Selling, Usage and Destruction of the Explosives and Hunting Equipments out of Monopoly published on Official Gazette dated and numbered. Measures essential for preventing the misuse of the explosive materials will be adopted. They will be kept under lock; storehouses will be equipped with necessary heat insulation, ventilation, fire extinguishing mechanisms. 87 Translated Document

108 V.1.3 Flood Prevention and Drainage Operations Derivation tunnels and upstream-downstream coffer dams are planned to be built on to enable the construction of the dams and facilities on the dry area as specified in the Final EIA Report. Diameter of the derivation tunnels have been determined calculating the tunnel discharge curves and the coffer dam top elevation for that diameter has been detected by making flood-routing calculations for the 25 years- recursive flood hydrograph. Through these calculations, the diameters of the derivation tunnels DR-1 and DR-2 have been found to be 7.90m and the top elevation of coffer dam to be m. The derivation tunnel numbered DR-1 is to serve as waste outlet after the dam construction is completed and could be benefitted for the discharge of reservoir together with the spillway in the main dam, in case of a flood. The Project is located on a steep valley, the river bed elevations of the tentative facilities set up during the phase of construction are min. 350 m. due to the fact that the elevation levels of the facilities are high above 250 m which is the river bed elevation level of the dams, it is not possible for the tentative facilities to be affected from the possible floods. V.1.4 Amount of Stone, Sand, Gravel and Similar Materials to be Excavated due to the Works such as Excavation, Bottom Sweep etc. to be Performed for any Reason in Aquatic Environments within the Project Area, Where they are to be Transported or for Which Purposes they will be Used Any excavations and bottom sweeps will be performed by no means in the aquatic environments in scope of Project. The material to be used for purposes of construction of Project units is to be obtained from the excavations on those unit sites. V.1.5 Number of Quarries such as Stone Quarry, Sand Quarry, Clay Quarry to be Excavated within the scope of the Project, Permit Legislation, Field Sizes of the Quarries, Operational Area Sizes and Coordinates, Planned Production Amount, Production Methods to be Applied, Height of Grade, Width of Grade, Slope Angle, Number of Grades, Display of Initial and Final Status of the Quarries on Production Maps and Layout Plans, Clarification in case of not Using Quarries It is not envisaged to use the quarries which are stated to be used in the Final EIA Report on account of the fact that the materials to be obtained from the excavations (site of dam, derivation tunnels and energy tunnel etc.) are to be availed of as is identified in the previous sections. 88 Translated Document

109 V.1.6 To What Extent the Areas below the Dam Elevation Level (settlements, agricultural lands, other dams and lagoons etc.) to be Affected and Measures to be Taken in this Regard It has been determined based on the revision of the Project design that the dam lake zone is to be smaller by 30%. Therefore, the area that is predicted to be covered by waters of dam lake (1.42 km 2 ) will be smaller than area identified beforehand (2.007 km 2 ). No settlements are going to be left under Dam Lake in this Project. V.1.7 Clarification of How Blasting Work to be Performed in Quarries, Blasting Pattern, Amount of Explosive Substance to be Used in a Single Shot, their Transport, Storage and Usage, Calculations of Air Cannon and Stone Jumps and Assessment of their Impacts Because quarries are not going to be used within the scope of Project, these have not been taken into consideration. V.1.8 Seismicity Assessment for Project Site The seismicity of Project Site has been discussed in section IV.2.2. V.1.9 Measures to be Taken in the face of Earth Movements such as Landslides and Block Falls Slope movements of varying scales have been detected in the vicinity of and on the Project Site as a result of the geological surveys conducted, though it has been found that these are not active currently and do not constitute a risk for the construction sites and this has also been confirmed in the surveys carried out by Hacettepe University and METU. Aside from all these, slope movements on the site are monitored periodically through an inclinometer system set up therein. The following measures are going to be adopted taking into account the bad case scenarios. 1) Administrative Measures The measures to be adopted against the landslides are aimed at keeping people isolated from the possible impacts to be observed or warning them for being prudent. Such administrative measures as designating the potential landslide areas and ensuring that the occupational health and safety measures are applied. 2) Technical Measures Measures for elimination of factors causing landslides or stopping the landslides in such a ways as to avoid from damages are going to be taken. 89 Translated Document

110 V.1.10 Working Periods of Production Amount in Quarries (day, month, year), Transportation Routes, Infrastructure Plan for Transportation, Works regarding the Construction of the Infrastructure, Equipment and Machinery to be Used in Project, Where their Maintenance and Repair to be Realized and How and Where Waste Oils to be Produced, Stored and Disposed of, Risk of Accidents due to Machines and Equipment The final quarries mentioned in the Final EIA Report pertaining to the Kavsak Bendi Dam, HEPP and Quarries Project with a EIA Positive Decision dated are not going to be used and no quarries are to be opened. A workshop has been set up on the construction site with a view to repairing the machines and equipment to be used during the construction phase of the Project (see Annex-C). Authorized service units are going to repair the machines and equipment, hazardous waste (waste oil, waste oakum, and waste oil and dye boxes) likely to be produced as a result of machine and equipment repair must be removed from the Project Site by the authorized services. Hazardous wastes such as waste oil and waste oakum could be produced as a result of repair works aimed at repairing possible trivial breakdowns in the machines and equipment used for construction works. Such wastes are going to be stored temporarily on the Waste Zone inside the construction site. Accordingly, waste oils are to be stored in red colored containers with a capacity of 200 L 1,250 L, protected from rain waters and bearing a waste oil label pursuant to the provisions of Regulation on Control of Waste Oils which entered into affect having been published in Official Gazette dated and numbered. Hazardous wastes likely to result from the maintenance and repair works to be performed by authorized site staff are to be stored on the concerning tentative Waste Zone pursuant to the Regulation on Control of Hazardous Wastes which took effect having been published in Official Gazette dated and numbered. These waste oils and hazardous wastes to be produced on the course of construction are to be given to the licensed waste collector companies. V.1.11 Dust Diffuser Works such as Crushing, Grinding, Transport and Storage During the Construction, Cumulative Values, Installed and Generation Capacity, In Case of Setting up a Crushing - Screening Facility, Provision of Information such as Installed and Production Capacity (annual production amount), Location Details (coordinates), Information on Dust Reduction System, Work Progress Chart, Technology etc. It is anticipated that dust formation will be observed during the excavation works on the dam and power plant sites at the construction phase of Project, transfer of the 90 Translated Document

111 excavation materials to the storage areas and storing of them on storage areas, dust emissions to be formed are calculated below. Dust Emissions Sourced from Excavation Works: Excavation, filling, loading and discharge operations are going to be carried out on areas of 190,000 m 2 and 60,000 m 2 respectively on dam and power plant sites under the Project and the total dust emission amount to be sourced from these operations have been calculated using the formula numbered 5-1 by United States of America Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The duration of excavations within the Project is envisaged to be 15 months, 30 days a month and 24 hours a day. Dust Amount = 2 g Month( m ) mday Duration( day) [5-1] Excavation on Dam Site (main dam and spillway, left coastal roads and coffer dams) : Dust Amount = g mday 24 day hour 2 190,000( m ) 30day 15( month) 1month = 0,17 kg / hr Excavations on Plant Site (power plant, tail water construction and surge tank): 2 g day Dust Amount= 60,000( m ) mday 24hour 30day 12( month) 1month = 0,06 kg/hr Dust Emission Formed during Transportation Process: Amount of dust emission that could be formed during the transportation of the excavation wastes at the construction phase of Project has been calculated using the emission factor formula provided below (USEPA, 2006). 91 Translated Document

112 a k( s/12) ( S/30) E= c ( M/ 0,5) d C [5-2] E = emission factor (lb/vmt) s = silt content (%) = % 8.5 M = surface humidity rate (%) = % 30 S = average vehicle speed (mile/hour) = mile/hour (30 km/hour) C = k = 1.8 a = 1 c = 0.2 d = lb/mile = kg/km E = [1.8(8.5/12) 1 (18.64/30) 0,5 / (30/0.5) 0,2 ] E = 0.44 lb/mile E = 0.12 kg/km Transport of Excavation Materials Formed on Construction Site: On the construction site will be excavation materials to be dug out from injection galleries, slope plant access tunnel, energy tunnel approach tunnel, energy tunnel and derivation tunnels and transferred to storage areas of D1 and D2 and KET-1 as well as those resulting from excavations of main dam and spillway, left coastal roads and coffer dams. The concerning amount of excavation materials are given in Table V-1. Accordingly, total amount of excavation materials to be transported from dam construction site to storage areas of D1 and D2 and KET-1 except from materials of m 3 to be used as filler in the coffer dams are predicted to be 1,682,504.5 m 3. Density of excavation materials have been accepted to be 2.0 ton/m 3 in the calculations. Total Excavation Amount = 1,682,504.5 m³ = 1,682,504.5 m³ 2.0 ton / m³ = 3,365,009 tons Duration of Work = 15 month, 30 day / month, 24 days / month Monthly excavation amount = 3,365,009 ton / 15 months = 224,334 ton / month Daily excavation amount = 7,477 ton / day Hourly excavation amount = 312 ton / hour Average number of rounds in an hour in case of using trucks with a capacity of 23 tons is calculated below. Total Number of Rounds = 312 ton/hour / 23 ton/round = 13.6 ~ 14 round/hour 92 Translated Document

113 It is envisaged that the part of materials to be obtained from the excavations on the Dam Site which will be stored is to be transferred to storage areas of D1 and D2 and the part of the said material destined to be used for the construction of Project buildings is to be transferred to KET in the D1 Storage area. Distance of the excavation sites from the storage areas is given in Table V-2 and average distance for transport of excavation materials is taken as 850 m. accordingly, the distance to be covered in one round is 1,700 m, and total distance to be covered is 23.8 km/hour (=14 round/hour x 1.7 km/hour). The dust emission formed during the transport process using the dust emission factor calculated above (E=0.12 kg/km) is found to be 2.86 kg/hour (=23.8 km/hour x 0.12 kg/km). Transport of the Excavation Materials Derived from Power Plant Site The materials to be derived from the excavations on plant site, tail water construction, surge tank, penstock are planned to be transferred to storage areas of D3, D4 and D5 and KET-2. Total excavation materials to be obtained from Plant Site are estimated to be m 3. Total Excavation Amount = 1,617,495.5 m³ = 1,617,495.5 m³ 2.0 ton / m³ = 3,234,991 tons Duration of Work = 15 month, 30 day / month, 24 days / month Monthly excavation amount = 3,234,991 ton / 15 months = 215,666 ton / month Daily excavation amount = 7,188 ton / day Hourly excavation amount = 300 ton / hour Average number of rounds in an hour in case of using trucks with a capacity of 23 tons is calculated below. Total Number of Rounds = 300 ton/hour / 23 ton/round = 13 round/hour Average transport distance is accepted as 1,6 km taking into consideration distances provided in Table V-2. The distance to be covered in one round in view of this is 3.2 km, total distance to be covered is 41.6 km/hour. The dust emission formed during the transport process using the dust emission factor calculated above (E=0.12 kg/km) is found to be 4.99 kg/hour (=41.6 km/hour x 0.12 kg/km). Dust Emission to be formed during Discharge Operations on Storage areas Dust emissions to be sourced from discharge operations in the storage areas have been calculated considering that the whole surface of storage areas are going to be used. The dust emissions anticipated to be sourced from D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5 storage areas are calculated below. 93 Translated Document

114 D1 Storage area 2 g day Dust Amount = 230,300( m ) mday 24hour 30day 15( month) 1month = 0,21 kg/hr D2 Storage area 2 g day Dust Amount = 123,800( m ) mday 24hour 30day 15( month) 1month = 0,11 kg/hr D3 Storage area 2 g day Dust Amount = 161,340( m ) mday 24hour 30day 15( month) 1month = 0,15 kg/hr D4 Storage area 2 g day Dust Amount = 49,570( m ) mday 24hour 30day 15( month) 1month = 0,05 kg/hr D5 Storage area 2 g day Dust Amount = 25,714( m ) mday 24hour 30day 15( month) 1month = 0,02 kg/hr 94 Translated Document

115 Crushers The capacities of proposed KET-1 and KET-2 to be used in the production of concrete aggregate required for the construction of the Project units are 350 ton/hr (approximately 140 m 3 /hr 1 ) and 150 ton/hr (about 60 m 3 /hr), respectively. Duration of work at KETs are planned to be 25 days a month and 16 hours a day. It is anticipated that the duration of work at KETs will be 15 months in total. Total annual productions estimated for KET-1 and KET-2 are 672,000 m 3 and 288,000 m 3, respectively, which makes up a total annual production of 960,000 m 3. Total amount of production during operation period of 15 months is predicted to be 1,200,000 m 3. The surface areas of proposed KETs are given in Table II-2 and, coordinates of proposed KET locations are provided in Table V-3. Table V-3 Coordinates of Proposed KET Locations Coordinates (UTM ED 50 Zone 36) Nr. East (X) North (Y) KET KET Work flow chart pertaining to the activities to be conducted at KETs is available in Figure V-1. 1 Density of the materials to be sized at KETs is deemed to be 2,5 ton/m Translated Document

116 Transfer of Materials from Bunker to Crusher Primary (Jaw) Crusher Secondary (Conical) Crusher Screening Transfer of Materials to Concrete Plant Figure V-1 KET Work Flow Chart The bunkers, crushers, screens and bands are going to be covered in order to prevent dust emissions from spreading into environment from KETs (see. Figure V-2). Additionally, dust suppression system is going to be used to control dust emission to be formed during production at KET. Water consumption at the spray cap is between 0,5-4 bar pressure and between L/hr, varies depending on needs. With this system 2 L water is consumed for materials weighing one ton and suppression of dust is achieved. Judging from the fact that 8,000 ton/day production is planned for the KETs, daily water consumption is going to be 16 m 3. The water required is procured for KET site from springs or municipalities in the Village subject to paying the charge. Dust Emisssion Sourced from KET-1 Under Control : 350 ton/hr x kg/ton = 8.51 kg/hour Dust Emisssion Sourced from KET-2 Under Control: 150 ton/ hour x kg/ton = 3.64 kg/ hour In view of the figures provided above, the dust emission amount to be sourced from KET-1 and KET-2 are estimated to be 8.51 kg/hour and 3.64 kg/hour respectively. 96 Translated Document

117 BAND CONVEYOR DISCHARGE SILO SCANNER SCANNER DISCHARGE SILO CRUSHER & SCANNER DISCHARGE SILO BAND CONVEYOR Source: T.R. Ministry of Environment and Forestry, EIA Directorate General s Letter dated 8 th of July 2009 and numbered Figure V-2 Figure illustrating the Dust Prevention Applications at KETs Dust Emission Resulting from Storing Process: The emission factor designated to be 5.8 kg/ha- day in the document Points to Regard in the Project Promotion Files Prepared for Mining Activities drafted by EIA Directorate General of T.R. Ministry of Environment and Forestry has been used while calculating areal dust emission to be sourced from materials collected on storage areas after the excavation materials are transferred to storage areas. D1 Storage area : 5.8 kg/ha-day x (1 day / 24 hours) x 23.0 ha = 5.56 kg/hr D2 Storage area : 5.8 kg/ha- day x (1 day / 24 hours) x ha = 2.99 kg/hr D3 Storage area : 5.8 kg/ha- day x (1 day / 24 hours) x ha = 3.90 kg/hr D4 Storage area: 5.8 kg/ha-day x (1 day / 24 hours) x 4.96 ha = 1.20 kg/hr D5 Storage area: 5.8 kg/ha-day x (1 day / 24 hours) x 2.57 ha = 0.62 kg/hr 97 Translated Document

118 Solutions are going to be produced so as to avoid formation of dust on the transportation roads within the Project Site. Total amount of dust emission expected to be formed during the construction activities is 24.1 kg/hour and research for air quality modeling has been conducted in line with the Annex- 2 of Regulation on Control of Air Pollution Originated from Industrial Establishments (RCAPOIE) which entered into effect having been published in Official Gazette dated and numbered. Method Applied in Modeling Research Air quality modeling research has been conducted with the aid of licensed (License Nr: ) Breeze ISC (Industrial Source Complex) GIS Professional software which used by DOKAY. This software has been based on ISC model developed by USEPA and acceptable world-wide. ISC Model is able to estimate hourly, daily and annual level ground concentration rates pertaining to various pollutant gases and solid parameters using the Gaussian Plume equation. The model embodies several different emission models (with regard to spot, area, volume) ranging from isolated tanks to fugitive emission pollutants. Moreover it takes into consideration the aerodynamic waves, turbulences and similar events the pollutant emissions originating from the source on a work site. ISC model runs on a network system identified by user and the corner points of each receiver ambient comprising the network system is calculated. The network system that the ISC model runs on could be identified as polar or Cartesian; moreover, separate receiver points are designated outside this network system and mloree detailed calculations can be made on these points. Pasquill Stability Class is applied in the emission calculations. The model also provides an alternative to take into account the rough terrain. ISC model avails of four different types of data given below: Wind direction, wind rate, temperature, Pasquill stability class, mixing altitude_ (optional for user), wind profile exponent and hourly meteorological data set containing the vertical temperature difference Coordinates and altitude of each element in the network system called receiver ambient Coordinates, area, pollutant flow rate of source defined according to a starting point designated by user Model outputs are of character to enable preparation of distribution maps intended for the whole investigation area. This way it is rendered possible to evaluate the air quality 98 Translated Document

119 of the area within different scenarios (for example, various treatment conditions, different pollutant sources or varying climate conditions). The modeling research which is instrumental in estimating the concentrations of the pollutant in gas and dust form in air is constituted of the steps below: Distribution Area of sources are determined. This distribution area is divided into squares the sizes of which are 250 m 250 m or 500 m 500 m; latitude, longitude and altitude details are provided. The corner points of the squares are their peak points. Information pertaining to pollutant sources is designated. Hourly meteorology data belonging to a representative year. Hourly stability class and mixing altitudes are calculated based on meteorology data. Values of hourly, daily and annual level ground concentration in ambient air of the pollutants can be estimated by running the modeling program having imported the operations listed above to the program. Source Parameters Sources are considered to be areal sources in the modeling research and the modeling research has been conducted accordingly. Dust emission details relating to the sources are given in Table V-4. Table V-4 Dust Emission Values of Sources Sources Dust Emission Values (kg/hour) Area (m 2 ) Dam Site ,000 Plant Site ,000 Transport (from Dam Site to Storage areas of D1 and D2) Transport (from Dam Site to Storage areas D3, D4 and D5) , ,000 KET ,200 KET ,000 D1 Storage area ,240 D2 Storage area ,700 D3 Storage area ,900 D4 Storage area ,600 D5 Storage area ,500 50% of the calculated dust emission comprises PM 10 emission. In other words, while half of the total dust emissions are subsiding dust, the other half constitute the dust hung in the air. Therefore, emission modeling research has been conducted taking half of the values calculated to be dust emission as source value. 99 Translated Document

120 Impact Area of Plant Impact area of plant has been designated pursuant to Annex-2(b) of RCAPOIE. Plant impact area for the dust emissions to be sourced from areas with a size of 0.04 km 2 is considered to be square areas with sizes 2 km x 2 km as per this article. Accordingly, the area with a size of 5 km x 6 km covering all 2 km x 2 km sized impact areas of sources to be assessed within the scope of modeling research has been designated to be Distribution Area and modeling researches have been conducted in a such a way as to encompass this distribution area. Peak Points It is provided for in the Regulation that assessment be based on the peak points within investigation areas with a size of (500 m x 500 m) or (1,000 m x 1,000 m). In line with this a grid system of (500 m x 500 m) has been used to correspond to peak point within investigation area of (1,000 m x 1,000 m). The corner points of squares sized 500 m x 500 m within distribution area have been taken as peak points. Total number of the peak points in this research is 143 and 1,252,680 hourly pollutant concentration data have been obtained. The assesment of this data is available under following titles. Topographical map pertaining to distribution area referred to in the modeling research is provided in Figure V-3. Meteorological Data Set Although there are numerous meteorological stations operated by State Meteorological Works Directorate General (DMİ), the number of those carrying out measurement among them is few. This being the case, the preferred method to be applied is provision of such data from the meteorological station nearest the Project Site and carrying out hourly measurements. It has been deemed suitable to use the data coming from Kozan Meteorological Station which is nearest the Project Site. The concerning station is a synoptic station2 and records the hourly meteorological data that can be utilized for the model. Wind regime, playing an important role in distribution of the pollutants is significant for the modeling research to be reliable. In this context, the hourly wind data of the period which had been measured at Kozan Meteorological Station on a yearly basis have been compared to wind statistics of the period taken from DMI and containing average directions. Seasonal wind rose indicating the long term wind regime is displayed in Figure V-4. 2 The main synoptic observation hours at synoptic stations are 00, 06, 12 and 18; intermediate synoptic hours are 03, 09, 15 and 21. Except for the obsevations on the given hours, observations are made every hour and every half an hour. 100 Translated Document

121 Yükseklik Baraj Yeri D1 D2 Güven Mah m 1400 m 1200 m Güney-Kuzey (m) D3 D4 D m 800 m 600 m m Gökçeköy Santral Yeri 200 m Yerleşim Alanı Kirletici Kaynak Batı-Doğu (m) Figure V-3 Display of Distribution Area on Two- Dimensional Topographical Map Consequently, wind rose of the year 2005 has been founded to be the wind rose that represents the long term average figures in the most proper way (see Figure V-5). In this regard all the changes observed in the velocity and direction of wind in a year has been evaluated examining hourly data of the year 2005 taken from Kozan Meteorology Station. Modeling Results Hurly, daily, yearly level ground PM 10 (particle substances hung in the air which are smaller than 10 microns in diameter) concentrations on 143 peak points and receiver points designated for the settlements have been calculated in consequence of dust modeling research. PM 10 concentrations obtained in Guven Quarter and Gokcekoy Villages settlements nearest to the sites of dam and power plant as a result of research are given in Table V-5. Assesment of maximum PM 10 concentrations obtained in the distribution 101 Translated Document

122 area at the end of the research pursuant to RCAPOIE is available in Table V-6. PM 10 concentrations distribution maps formed based on results of modeling research are provided in Figure V-7, Figure V-8, Figure V-9 and Figure l V-10. BKB B KB KKB ANNUAL Yıllık K KKD KD DKD D BGB DGD GB GGB G GGD GD Figure V-4 Long Term Wind Rose of Kozan Meteorological Station ( ) KB KKB YEAR Yılı K KKD KD BKB 10 DKD 5 B 0 D BGB DGD GB GD GGB G GGD Figure V-5 Wind Rose for the Year 2005 by Kozan Meteorological Station 102 Translated Document

123 Table V-5 PM 10 Concentrations Calculated in Settlements Settlement Short Term Value (STV) (µg/m³) Long Term Value (LTV) (µg/m³) Guven Quarter Gokcekoy Village Limit Values specified in RCAPOIE (for the year 2010) As seen from Table V-5, PM 10 concentrations calculated in the settlements for both cases are fairly below the limit values specified in the Regulation. Accordingly, impact of dust emissions to be sourced from the construction activities on the settlements will be at minimum level. Table V-6 Comparison of the Maximum PM 10 Concentrations Calculated by Modeling Study with Associated Limit Values Air Quality Values Calculated Maximum Values (µg/m³) Calculated on Coordinates Limit Values specified in RCAPOIE (µg/m³) (for the year 2010) Long Term Value , Short Term Value * , *is the value which corresponds to 95% of measured number when all the results are arranged based on magnitude of numerical values. According to the Table V-6, the figures calculated are below the limit values. In view of the values provided in Table V-6 and distribution maps given in Figure V-6 and Figure V-7, the maximum concentrations are formed between a limited area surrounding the crushers and plant site and Storage area D5. The maximum dust concentrations calculated decrease significantly 250 meters away from the source. In addition to all these, as the concentration calculated in areas nearest the sources are fairly below the limit values, it is seen that settlements will experience no adverse impacts resulting from the construction activities (see Table V-5). Considering the construction activities are going to be sustained taking the related measures (water sprinkling etc.), the dust emissions to be sourced will bear no adverse impacts on impact area and settlements. 103 Translated Document

124 Figure V-6 Daily Distributions of PM 10 Concentrations 104 Translated Document

125 Figure V-7 Annual Distributions of PM 10 Concentrations (Under Control) PM Deposition The PM deposition in the same locations have been obtained with the formula given below using the level ground dust concentration values calculated at each point as a result of modeling research. Distribution maps pertaining to PM depositions are provided below. Assuming that particle size varies between 10 and 50 µm, rate of descent rate has been accepted to be 0.05 m/s and subsiding dust concentration have been concentrated by the following formula. FORMULA III: d 4 ( x,y) = VdiCi( x,y, 0) i= Translated Document

126 Table V-7 Comparison of PM Depositions with Limit Values Air Quality Values Calculated Calculated Values (mg/m 2.day) Calculated on Coordinates Limit Values specified in RCAPOIE (for the year 2010) (mg/m 2.day) LTV , STV , * is the value which corresponds to 95% of measured number when all the results are arranged based on magnitude of numerical values. Table V-8 Calculated PM Depositions in Settlements Settlement STV (mg/m 2.day) LTV (mg/m 2.day) Guven Quarter ,49 Gokcekoy Village Limit Values specified in RCAPOIE (for year 2010) According to Table V-7, long term values and short term values obtained from calculations made are below the limit values (see Figure V-8 and Figure V-9). Moreover, PM depositions calculated in Guven Quarter and Gokcekoy Village, the settlements nearest the Project Site, are fairly below the limit values (see Table V-8). Considering the necessary measures (water sprinkling etc.) will be taken during construction activities, amounts of PM depositions to be generated will be below the calculated values. Therefore, it is predicted that PM depositions resulted from construction activities will not affect adversely the settlements nearest the Project Site. Additionally, the necessary measures as per occupational health and safety legislation will be taken to protect workers from the dust to be formed on the construction site. 106 Translated Document

127 Konsantrasyon KET-1 D1 400 µg/m3 Güney-Kuzey (m) KET-2 D3 D4 D5 Baraj Yeri D2 Güven Mah. 300 µg/m3 200 µg/m3 100 µg/m Santral Yeri 0 µg/m Gökçeköy Yerleşim Alanı Kirletici Kaynak Batı-Doğu (m) Figure V-8 Annual Distribution of PM Depositions (Non-Controlled scenario) 107 Translated Document

128 Figure V-9 Daily Distribution of PM Depositions (Non-Controlled scenario) Monitoring Activities: As is indicated in the foregoing sections, construction period monitoring activities of the Project which was granted MoEF Positive Decision on have commenced. In this context, with a view to periodically controlling dust emissions to be formed on construction site, measurements for the particle substances hung in the air (PM 10 ) are carried out once every three months in Guven Quarter within borders of Henuzcankiri Village which is the nearest settlement to the dam site. PM 10 concentrations measured within the scope of these monitoring activities are provided in Table V Translated Document

129 Table V-9 PM 10 Measuring Results April 2008 July 2008 October 2008 January 2009 STV (3) (for 24 hours) Measuring Result (µg/m 3 ) The measures at stake were made while the access road construction and digging of the entry and exit portals of the derivation and energy tunnels continued in scope of Project for which EIA Positive Decision was granted. As is understood from these measures, the dust emissions sourced from construction activities will not affect adversely the air quality in the nearest settlement. Judging from this, it is not anticipated that the construction activities conducted under this Project will affect adversely the air quality in the nearest settlements. Adana Provincial Directorate of Environment and Forestry will be referred to so as to obtain emission permit for the concrete plants as per the RCAPOIE. V.1.12 Operations for Ground Safety and Preventing Water Leakages in Dam Lake Curtain grouting is to be performed so as to enable impermeability on dam site mentioned in the Final EIA Report and to prevent water leakages. The curtain grouting is going to be made of the grouting galleries on elevation of 323 m-272 m on the right coast and 323 m-282 m on the left coast in such a way as to be opened on the lime stones towards slope on the left coast and progress 5 m in the carbon shales. Grouting drills have been designed in two parallel lines to be 3.00 m distanced from each other and to have varying depths considering the permeable- too permeable nature of the limestones and their containing carstic melting hollows. V.1.13 Types and Numbers of the Trees to be Cut Down for the Supply of the Area Required for the Preparation of the Land and Construction Site, Natural Plant Types to be Distincted and to What Extent these Works are to be Performed, Probable Impacts on Fauna Examination and Evaluation Form arranged by Adana Regional Directorate of Forestry for the forests on Project Site in Final EIA Report is available in Official Correspondences section in Annex- A. According to this form the Project Site is located within the boundaries of Sogut, Akdam and Meydan Chief Operation Offices. As is also mentioned in the Section IV.2.7, there is pinus brutia (Çz) in the dam reservoir area. Stand types are defined to be Çzd2, Çzcd2, BÇz, Çzd1, Çzcd1, Çzcd2, Çzcd3. 1/25,000 scaled - stand table pertaining to the Project Site is given Annex- I. 3 RAQAM Annex -I A 109 Translated Document

130 For the forest lands to be used within the scope of the Project, permit has been granted in the letter of the Directorate on Forestry General (DFG) dated and numbered 564 against paying the charge. The forestation charges, land permit charge and securities defined in the concerning letter by the DFG dated and 3691 have been covered by ENERJISA (see Annex -A). Possible impacts of vegetation loss on fauna to be observed in scope of Project are evaluated in Section IV Cutting down of trees due to capacity increase planned within Project is out of stake. Biological monitoring works have been conducted for minimizing the impacts of construction activities in scope of Project on flora and fauna structure (see Section VIII.1) and land fauna species inhabiting the Project Site have been transported to Project Site at the completion of these works, the seeds, of the species identified to be candidates for becoming endangered and vulnerable according to IUCN have been dried, sorted out and sent to Seed and Genome Resources Research Institute. Hence, it is not expected that blastings on the Project Site will not affect negatively the fauna elements and protected flora species. Assesment of Cumulative Impacts The cumulative impacts of the hydroelectric power plants in Seyhan River Basin have been evaluated by DOKAY Engineering and Consultancy Ltd. Co. According to the results of this study the cumulative impacts of the hydroelectric energy projects available and designed to be constructed over the Goksu and Zamanti, which are two primary branches of the Seyhan River on the physical, biological, and socio-economical environment have not been found to be of critical importance. Among the considerable impacts of this project are the impacts that the flora and land fauna will be subjected to during the construction activities and these impacts are only limited. As the dust and noise emissions and liquid and solid waste to be formed in the construction phases of the Projects are going to be kept under control within the frame of the concerning legislations, it is out of question to observe any impacts on physical and biological environments due to the wastes produced. The projects designed to be built in Seyhan River Basin are not going to bear any unfavorable impacts on the cultural and archeological assets. The fish species to be affected by the Projects in Seyhan River Basin is Alburnus orontis which has been classified among the endangered species by the IUCN. As long as this species reaches the parts of the river where the flow rate is the highest in order to be able spawn, this species is not expected to be affected adversely by the project. 110 Translated Document

131 Another cumulative impact that the Projects in the Seyhan River Basin are going to create could be expected to be born on the hygrophilous life in downstream of the projects as a result of the water retention. However, the hygrophilous life in downstream of the Projects is going to be isolated from any unfavorable impacts by releasing compensation waters to the stream bed except from the streams utilized for generating electricity in the power plants that are not designed as embankment type. According to the outcomes of this study, some unavoidable impacts are also expected to occur as well as those impacts that Project is going to create concurrent with the other Projects in upstream and downstream of it and are going to be reduced to an acceptable level with the measures to be adopted (solid, liquid, gas emissions and noise and vibration). These impacts are listed below: Loss of vegetation and land fauna due to the construction of Project, Possible impact that could be observed on the hygrophilous and land ecosystems as a result of revision of flow rates to form lakes (animal immigrations, for example), Change in the quality of the downstream waters due to decrease in the sediment amount. The first two of the points listed above are the impacts of the Project on the ecosystem and the first one of these is expected to be observed in the construction period and the second in the operation period of the Project. It is considered that loss of vegetation to be caused in the construction phases of the Project will be compensated by the nature in time. Moreover, with the arrangements and landscaping works to be done at the completion of the construction works, the plant and tree species which are suited to the locality are going to be planted on Project Site. The land fauna elements are expected to immigrate to areas with habitat conditions akin to theirs in the vicinity and turn back the site after the construction works are completed. It is believed that by warning the animals prior to release of water and releasing water gradually rather than abruptly, the animals will have been given sufficient time to leave the site during the operation phase. V.1.14 Preparation of Land, the Size of Agricultural Lands to be disposed of for Supply of the Necessary Land for Construction Activities, Land Use Capacity Relating to These 235,6 ha of the land to be used in scope of Project is Marginal Dry Farming Land as is specified in the letter arranged by Adana Governorate Provincial Directorate of Agriculture dated and 7362 numbered for the Project in the Final EIA Report and use of this land for purposes other than agriculture has been deemed suitable. The said document pertaining to the Adana Provincial Directorate of Agriculture is available in Annex-A. 111 Translated Document

132 Use of additional agricultural land in line with the capacity increase targeted in Project is out of question. V.1.15 Types and Properties of Fuel to be Used in the Works to be Carried Out Beginning from the Preparation of the Land Until the Opening of the Units to Operation, Emissions to be Formed, Where Maintenance, Repair and Refueling and Oil Change of Vehicles to Take Place and Measures to be Taken Diesel fuel is going to be used to run various heavy work machines such as road roller, bulldozer and rubber- wheeled loader to be used in construction of the Project Facilities. Chemical characteristics of diesel fuel are given in Table V-10. In other activities, no other fuels except for diesel oil, gasoline and electric will be used. Table V-10 Chemical Characteristics of Diesel Fuel PARAMETER UNIT VALUE Density (at 15ºC) kg/l 0,820-0,860 Shining point ºC 55 (minimum) Cold filter plugging point- winter ºC -10 (maximum) Cold filter plugging point- summer ºC 5 (maximum) Distillation recycled at 250ºC % (volume) 65 (maximum) Distillation recycled at 350ºC % (volume) 85 (minimum) Distillation recycled at 370ºC % (volume) 95 (minimum) Sulfur % (weight) 0,70 (maximum) Carbon remnant (on 10% remnant) % (weight) 0,30 (maximum) Liquidity (at 40ºC) CSt 2,0-4,5 Ash % (weight) 0,01 (maximum) Cetane Index - 46 (minimum) Water mg/kg 200 (maximum) Particle substance mg/kg 25 (maximum) Oxidation stability g/m³ 25 (maximum) Source: A fueling station has been set up on Project Site. There are three fuel tanks at the station, two of which have a capacity of 50 tons and one with a capacity of 30 tons. All of the fuel tanks are placed inside concrete pool constructed to have a size equal to 110% of tank capacities. This way, spread of the fuel into environment through possible leaks to occur in tanks has been avoided. Station is surrounded by fences for security purposes and covered with canvas in order to protect it from rains. Diesel motors work differently from gasoline motors. Although the carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions are relatively less in diesel motors; but nitrogen oxide (NO x ) and particular substance (PS) emissions are higher. Air pollution related to diesel motor vehicles is sourced from exhaust emissions and crank case leakages. These evaporation losses can be reduced by closed circuit injection systems and by using less volatile diesel According to USEPA, emission factors sourcing from a 112 Translated Document

133 heavy duty vehicle, which speeds for 0-30 km/hour are 8,61 g/minute for CO, 1,38 g/minute for HC and 6,27 g/minute NO x. Excluding construction vehicles working with electricity, daily polluting emissions sourcing from bulldozer, loader with rubber, grader, road roller, backacter, truck, compressor and generator are calculated. Daily CO, HC and NO x emissions sourcing from construction vehicles in a determined location are calculated with USEPA emission factors, supposing there are one for each machine and they are driven for 8 hours continuously every day. These emission values are given in Table V-11. Table V-11 Estimation of Emissions to Arise from Construction Machinery POLLUTANT EMISSION FACTOR (g/minute) TIME (hour) DAILY EMISSION (kg/day) CO HC NO x Emissions sourcing from the operation of the construction vehicles are temporary. Additionally, possible emissions are not as severe as to have an important impact on air quality. It is expected that air polluters (CO, HC and NO x and PM) will have small proportions on Project Site and they will not affect the existing air quality adversely. Exhaust emissions of all vehicles will be measured by authorized institutions regularly and it will be documented that they meet the limit values for exhaust emissions. According to temperature data of river basin precipitation area obtained from Kozan Meteorology, air temperature in Adana Province is relatively high all year round compared to Turkey in general. Fuel for heating will be necessary for period between months November and March. Fuel to be used in social facilities in scope of the activity will be distillate fuel-oil and it will be used only for heating. This type of fuel is vaporizable and fluid and generates negligible amounts of ash and nitrogen (N) related to other types of fuel-oil. In summer period, solar energy is going to be used to provide hot water in social facilities except from these. Vehicles to be used in construction phase of the Project are to be refueled at the Fueling Station displayed on the 1/5,000 scaled General Layout Plan engine oils era to be changed at the Workshop. Fueling Station is going to serve to meet the daily fuel needs of work machines and proper measures against leakages through the fuel tanks are to be adopted. Detailed information concerning the control of the waste oils is available in Section V Translated Document

134 V.1.16 Amount of Water to be Supplied From Resources for Use in Project, System of Water Supply and Amount of Such Water Based on Purpose of Use, Type and Quantity of Waste Water to be Produced and Environments for Discharge of Waste Water Water is going to be used for suppression of dust at concrete plants, KETs of the Project Final EIA Report is concerned with on the course of construction, for sprinkling water on roads to prevent formation of dust emissions and for consumption by the personnel. It is envisaged that maximum 750 personnel members are going to be employed for construction activities of the Project depending on the intensity of work schedule. Assuming that water consumption per capita is going to be 150 L/day, daily waste water production is predicted to be 112,5 m 3. Sewage waters resulting from approximately 73 personnel members working at the ongoing construction activities are collected in watertight Sewer System on Project Site. When the Sewer System are full, wastes are sucked by sewage trucks and are disposed of by Kozan Municipality. As per the Article 32 of RCAPOIE, documents proving that sewage water produced in scope of Project is taken by Kozan Municipality are going to be kept for three years and to be declared to authorities in inspections. Package treatment plant is going to be established for treatment of sewage waters resulting from 75o personnel members to render services in the hastiest phase of construction and having been treated at these package treatment plants in such a way as to comply with the criteria specified in RCAPOIE Table 21, the waste waters are going to be collected in watertight Sewer System or tanks. The collected waste water is going to be sucked by a sewage truck and to be given to Kozan Municipality so that they are transported outside the Seyhan River Basin which supplies fresh water and water for use, in compliance with the Article 20 (b) of RCAPOIE (see Annex -A). As per the Article 32 of RCAPOIE, documents proving that domestic liquid wastes produced in scope of Project is taken by Kozan Municipality are going to be kept for three years and to be declared to authorities in inspections. There will also be waste water outlet from the concrete plant as a result of washing interior parts of concrete trucks as well as sewage water. This waste water is going to be kept in waste water sedimentation tanks and amount of solid particles hung in the air is to be reduced and to be used as wash water or dust proofing waters later on. 114 Translated Document

135 V.1.17 Amount of Solid Wastes to Arise Beginning from the Preparation of the Land Until the Opening of the Units to Operation, Disposal of These Solid Wastes Excavation wastes are produced as a result of ongoing excavation works done under Project. As is defined in the Section V.1.1, part of these wastes are going to be used for filling and concrete works and the remaining part is to be stored on storage areas identified (see Annex- C). Detailed information concerning excavation waste and storing of these materials is provided in Section V In construction phase, solid wastes like iron pieces, plate, packing material and etc., other than excavation. Materials like iron, steel, metal plaque and similar types which can be recycled will be collected separately and sold as scrap. Non-recyclable wastes will be dumped properly to an area determined by Kozan Municipality. When the daily solid waste to be produced per capita is accepted to be 1.34 kg/person, the amount of household solid waste is going to be approximately 1005 kg/day in the period when the construction activities are intensified to the largest extent (with 750 personnel members). Solid household wastes to be produced as the construction activities continue are collected on Site in covered containers preventing the spread of smells and leaks and transported to solid waste landfill belonging to Kozan Municipality and are disposed of in pursuant to Regulation on Control of Solid Wastes which was published in Official Gazette dated and numbered and entered into effect. Disposal of concrete wastes to be sourced from concrete plants to be operated in scope of Project is going to be in line with Regulation on the Control of Excavation Soil, Construction and Debris Wastes which took effect having been published in Official Gazette dated and numbered. V.1.18 Vibration to Arise from the Works to be Carried Out Beginning from the Preparation of the Land Until the Opening of the Units to Operation, Reasons and Level of Noise, Cumulative Values Noise levels and measures to be taken due to works to be done in the construction phase of Project have been evaluated within scope of Regulation on Assesment and Management of Environmental Noise (RAMEN). Nearest sensitive receptors which can possibly be affected by the noise due to the construction activities are the house which is in Guven Quarter within Henuzcankiri Village and is distanced 1,600 m from the Dam site and the house which is in Gokce Quarter and is distanced approximately 850 m from the Plant site. Number of machines and equipment to be used at Dam and Plant sites within the scope of the Project and associated noise levels are provided in Table V-12 and noise 115 Translated Document

136 level calculations have been made. It has accepted that all the machines and equipment are going to operate on the same spot in order to evaluate the worst case scenario while making calculations. Table V-12 Number of Machines and Equipment to Possibly Cause Noise during Construction and Associated Noise Levels Machine Number Noise Level (Lw) (dba) Road Roller Vibrating Roller Bulldozer Hydraulic Excavator Rubber Wheeled Loader Dumper Trucks Compressor 1 99 Portable Compressor 1 97 Generator 1 96 Concrete Pump Concrete Plant Injection Machine Drilling Machine 1 99 Diesel Electricity Generator 1 96 Backhoe Type Loader Crusher The total equivalent sound power levels sourced from all noise sources have been calculated by the formula (1) given below 4. In this formula all the noise sources are deemed to be on the same plane. L eq n 10 = 10 log 10 (1) i= 1 Li In this formula: n L i L eq = Number of Noise Sources = Sound Power Level of Each Source (db(a)) = Total Equivalent Noise Level Accordingly, the equivalent noise level expected to be sourced from machines and equipment is estimated to be dba. 4 Regulation on Assesment and Management of Environmental Noise, A Type Certificate Program, Seminar Notes METU Continuing Education Center, Ankara, Translated Document

137 Sound power level sourced from machines/ equipment and traveling a specific distance (L p ) can be calculated using the formula (2) provided below 2 ; Q + 10 log 4. π. r LP = Leq 2...(2) L p Q r : Sound Power (noise) level (dba) : Reduction factor chosen based on the land s being plain or rough (has been taken as 2 because the land is a plain which is rough moderately) : Distance (m) In line with this, sound power levels calculated according to distance are available in Table V-13 and Figure V-10. Table V-13 Distribution of Equivalent Noise Level of Machines and Equipment by Distance r (m) L p (dba) , , , , , Translated Document

138 Ses iddeti Seviyesi (dba) Mesafe (m) Figure V-10 Distribution of Equivalent Noise Level Sourced from Machines and Equipment by Distances Noise resulting from site activities is evaluated based on the Environmental Noise Limit Values for Construction Sites (see Table V-14) provided for in Annex-III of Regulation on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise (RAMEN) which took effect having been published in Official Gazette dated and numbered Table V-14 Environmental Noise Limit Values for Construction Sites Type of Activity (construction, destruction and repair) L day hours (dba) Building 70 Road 75 Other Sources 70 As can be seen in Table V-9, noise levels expected to be observed in Guven Quarter and Gokce Quarter distanced 1,600 m and 500 m from sites of dam and power plant are 53.3 dba and 63.4 dba respectively. These values do not exceed the limit noise values for the construction site given in Table-5 which is Annex- III of RAMEN and it is not expected that these settlements will be affected negatively from this noise. Impact noise will emerge as a result of the blastings on the course of construction phase of Project. In pursuant to Article 23 of RAMEN, impact noise will not exceed 100 dbc. 118 Translated Document

139 Monitoring Activities: As is indicated in the foregoing sections, construction period monitoring activities of the Project which was granted MoEF Positive Decision are underway and in this context, noise levels have been measured in the vicinity of the house located in Guven Quarter within borders of Henuzcankiri Village which is the nearest sensitive receptor to the dam. The measurements have been conducted between 07:00 am -19:00 pm and the results are provided in Table V-15. Table V-15 Results of Noise Measurement (dba) in Day Hours (07:00 am- 07:00 pm) April 2008 July 2008 October 2008 January 2009 Environmental Noise Limit Value for Construction Sites (5) Measuring Result (L eq) As these results indicate, construction activities of the Project which are underway (construction of access roads, opening of entry portals of derivation and energy tunnels) are continued and the level of noise produced during these activities are below the limit value of 70 dba which is designated for construction site in Table-5, Annex-VIII of RAMEN. This symbolizes that the concerning settlements will not be adversely affected from noise to be sourced from the advance phases of construction. V.1.19 Where and How the Dwelling and Other Social/Technical Infrastructure Needs of the Staff to Work During the Operation of the Project and of the Population Bound to the Staff to be Met The personnel to be employed in construction phase of the Project (max. 750 personnel) are going to be accommodated in dormitories on Project Site. The personnel Dormitories are displayed on the General Layout Plan available in Annex-C. Local employment for Project is going to be prioritized and local personnel employed from the settlements in the vicinity are to continue accommodating at their respective houses. V.1.20 Risky and Hazardous Activities at the Operation Stage of the Project for Human Health and Environment Construction activities have been sustained adopting all the occupational health and safety measures in compliance with the concerning legislations in such a way as to eliminate the risks of accident and injury which could occur during these construction activities. Accordingly, training of the personnel, placement of traffic signs, identifying speed limits and performing the periodical maintenance and control of machines with a view to preventing the possible traffic accidents to occur during the transport of 5 REMEN Annex -VIII Table Translated Document

140 construction materials and to be resulted from work machines on Project Site are attached importance. Moreover, blastings, use of the heavy work machines and penstock pipe welding works are among the activities which constitute a risk for human health and qualified personnel are going to be employed so as to minimize the risk of occupational accidents and personnel are going to be trained on occupational safety. In order to prevent or minimize any risk and danger related to occupational safety, works will be done abiding by in Labor Law numbered 4857, Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety of T.R. Ministry of Labor and Social Security, Regulations on Committees of Worker s Health and Labor Safety 7/5734 numbered, Regulation on Working Conditions, Duties and Authority of Workplace Doctors and Environmental Law 2872 numbered, other law and regulations in this regard. There will be a health center and health personnel on the Site, in accordance with the related Health Law and Regulations. Trivial injuries and wound will be treated here. More serious cases will be transferred to health units in Adana Province and Kozan District. V.1.21 Where and How Site Arrangements for Creating Landscape Elements in the Project Area or for Other Purposes (Forestation and/or Green Field Arrangements) to be Made, Plant and Tree Species to be Chosen for This Purpose Prior to leaving the Project Site, the contractors will carry out recreation works in all excavation storage areas, temporary waste storage areas and construction sites by using appropriate tree and brush species. Selection of the species to be used in these works could also include transfer of some trees which have interesting flowers and fruits and create a good view, as well as the species mentioned in this report. Technical measures such as terracing and interception ditches are going to be taken on construction sites so as to ensure erosion and sediment control and stability of landscaping elements. Vegetable soil which can be stripped from the sites on which the Project units are going to be constructed is going to be stripped as late as possible and used in the shortest time possible so that its features can be protected until the day it is used for landscaping purposes. Vegetable soil is going to be stored in appropriate places of storage areas. Furthermore, dumping of the vegetable wastes and root to the river is going to be avoided. V.1.22 Determination of the Possible Impacts to be Born on Underground and Surface Cultural and Natural Assets (Traditional Urban Structure and Quarries, if any As explained in detail in Section IV.2.8, there are not any underground and surface cultural and natural assets and archeological artifacts on Project Site and within the Project impact area. Therefore it is out of stake that the Project will bear an adverse impact on any cultural, natural assets or archeological artifacts. 120 Translated Document

141 V.1.23 Other Characteristics There is no other activity on the Project Site. V.2 Projects at the Operation Stage of the Project, Impacts on Physical and Biological Environment and Measures to be Taken V.2.1 Properties of All Units within the scope of the Project, Which Activities to be Carried Out in Which Units, their Capacities, Goods and/or Services to be Produced in the Units, Production Amounts of End Products and By-Products The operation period for the Project is anticipated to be 49 years and the primary units included within Project are provided below. Detailed information relating to the Project units is given in Table I-1 and Table I-2. Kavsak Bendi Dam Water Intake Structure Embankment Type Power Plant Energy Tunnel Surge Tank and Valve Chamber Penstock Pipe Kavsak Bendi HEPP Water of Seyhan River to be retained by the Kavsak Bendi Dam is going to be sent to energy tunnel via water intake structure. The waters are going to be transferred to penstock pipe over surge tank and valve chamber via energy tunnel in the length of 2,593 m and sent to Kavsak Bendi HEPP through three manifolded - penstock pipe. There are going to be three turbines at Kavsak Bendi HEPP and the total installed power of the generators connected to these generators is to be MW GWhr/year energy is planned to be generated in case of full upstream development at Kavsak Bendi HEPP. It has been envisaged that the compansetion water of 5 m 3 /sec which is to be released for sustaining the lives of the living beings in downstream and is specified in the September 2007 dated Final EIA Report be used for purpose of generating electricity at the power plant to be constructed in embankment type. The installed power of the embankment type power plant is going to be 2.92 MW, energy generated is going to be GWhr/year. This way the total installed power of the Project is going to be MW and the annual consumption of electricity is going to be GWhr in case of full upstream development. However, the amount of compensation water to be released in upstream of the dam has been designated over again and is 9.42 m 3 /sec (see Section V.2.2). Moreover, no fish passageways are going to be constructed in scope of Project due to technical reasons. 121 Translated Document

142 Electric energy to be generated in scope of Project is planned to be transferred to transformer station to be set up in Akdam. The connection to the Akdam Transformer Station via a conductive line 3B954 MCM with a capacity of 154 kv and about 12 km. Energy transmission line is to be evaluated separately within the frame of the EIA Regulation published in Official Gazette dated and numbered and took effect. V.2.2 Possible Impacts of Water Retention on Water Quality and Life in Aquatic Environment (identification of properties and number of fish passageways to be Built for Travelling Fish Species in River), Immemorial Water Rights and Amount of Water to be Kept in Stream Bed as Environmental Flow Rate for Sustaining Natural Life (sap water amount), How to Calculate this Amount, Possible Impacts on Stream Bed Kavsak Bendi Dam Project flow is regulated for 16 hours. In other words, the active water capacity in Dam Lake is refreshed every 16 hours. Thanks to this short time the waters are kept waiting, anaerobic conditions are not expected to occur inside the dam lake. Besides, as the part of the sediments carried by the river is going to be kept in Kavsak Bendi Dam, provision of the parts in the upstream of the dam with higher quality waters is going to be ensured. In this regard, Kavsak Bendi Dam is going to affect the downstream of the river. With the construction of storage dams, the river habitat turns into lake habitat. In area formed by the land ecosystem which remains under the plant lake and by the river ecosystem, a lake ecosystem will emerge. As there are species that can live in both ecosystems, there are other species which adapted to dead water or running water. Especially hydrophilic species are affected from this situation. Changes in species composition, migration movements and moving downstream may be observed in the dam lake as a result of this impact. Values in the last decade of the streams providing basis for the Project are given in Table V-11. Accordingly, the average flow rate in the last decade has been calculated to be m 3 /sec and 10% of these flow rate to be 9.42 m 3 /sec. The calculated figures are going to be released as environmental flow so that hydrophilic life in downstream dam is not adversely affected by water retention. The total annual inlet flow rates in case of Full Development of Kavsak Bendi Upstream are given in Annex- N. 122 Translated Document

143 Table V-16 Calculation of Environmental flow Required to be Released from Kavsak Bendi HEPP Year Average Flow , , , , , , , , , , Average (hm³/year) 2, Average (m³/sec) %10 (m³/sec) 9.42 Source: Kavsak Bendi HEPP RFR, July The amount of environmental flow that needs to be kept so that area between Kavsak Bendi Dam accessed via energy tunnel and Kavsak Bendi HEPP Building has been accepted to be 5 m 3 /sec in RFR approved by DSI and in September 2007 dated Final EIA Report. This amount is the amount that has been pledged to be released so that hydrophilic life in downstream dam is not affected negatively from water retention. The embankment type power plant has been designed considering the amount agreed and the properties are given in Table I-1. However, 9.42 m 3 /sec environmental flow is going to be released in downstream dam so that hydrophilic life in downstream dam is not affected negatively from water retention, in line with the calculations above. The embankment type power plant is to be designed taking this amount into consideration. All the changes to be observed in project characteristics and the installed power in particular are going to be evaluated within frame of EIA Regulation and the provisions of EIA Regulation are to be abided by. Furthermore, the measures envisaged in the following articles of Law on Aqua Products are to be complied with and proper sensitivity and cautious action is going to be taken for them to be fulfilled. Measures to be Taken in Dams and Artificial Lakes Article 8- Agriculture and Rural Affairs Ministry of Turkish Republic has to be referred to prior to release of water into dams and the other artificial lakes to be created and the measures deemed necessary by the Ministry have to be taken. 123 Translated Document

144 Measures to Keep Aqua Products Free from Harms Article 9 - It is obligatory for the authorities to adopt measures to prevent lives, reproduction, maintenance and production of aqua products existing in internal waters which are used with purposes such as irrigation or energy production against any harms and damages. Contents of these measures are determined by T.R. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. There are several dams and regulators over Seyhan River and its branches Goksu and Zamanti which are in upstream and downstream of Kavsak Bendi Dam and do not have any fish passageways. Therefore, in case of construction of fish passageways on main dam, movement distance of the fish to progress in upstream and downstream is going to be very short. Moreover, it is not possible in technical terms to construct fish passageways on such elevated dams as this. Duly, fish passageways are not going to be constructed within frame of this Project. V.2.3 Climate Change Due to Water Retention and Possible Impacts on Flora, Fauna, Habitat and Biotopes as a Result of That Kind of Change As is also mentioned in Section IV2.9, a research has been conducted by Fusun ERKAKAN from Hacettepe University aimed at assesment of fish fauna in Seyhan River basin in scope of the Project. According to the results of this research, Kavsak Bendi Dam is to ensure that the water is released to the environment under control and by this way prevent the possible floods and bear favorable consequences for the species living in running and stagnant waters such as S. fluviatilis, P. zekayi, Aphanius. As the productivity of the water is to be increased in the first years, this is to contribute positively to growth of some fresh water fish species (C. damascina, C. barroisi, S. cephalus, C. regium, L. lepidus etc.) living in spring waters, and yet able to adapt to stagnant water systems. Transformation of river habitat into stagnant water habitat could affect negatively the distribution, feeding and reproduction habits of some fish species living in rivers, though, these species can sustain their lives also in areas outside the dam using the rivers pouring into the sea and littoral dam zones. According to the concerning research, existing in Seyhan and Ceyhan River BasinsAlburnus orontis is an endangered (EN) species enumerated in the IUCN Red List (2007) and available within the limits of Project Site. This species is supposed to make transitions among rivers pouring into the dam using the littoral zones of the dams to be constructed due to their ecological nature and mutual gene flow will be realized among their populations in branches, though on a limited level. The species to use these streams to reproduce are suggested to be monitored permanently so that the permanent gene flow among their population can be sustained and to be able to adopt measures against the problems which could be experienced later on. 124 Translated Document

145 Flora covered by the waters of dam lakes decays gradually in time in the deep parts where the oxygen concentration is low and results in formation metan gas which is a greenhouse gas (UNEP, 2000). Greenhouses gases released into the atmosphere are known to cause climate changes. Therefore, vegetation cover to be left under dam lake waters is going to be stripped prior to water retention and it will be ensured that greenhouse gases released from Dam Lake into atmosphere is minimized. V.2.4 Impacts on the Areas required to be Protected by National and International Legislation There is no area within the Project Site or Impact Area of Project which is required to be protected as per national or international legislation. V.2.5 Possible Changes in Downstream as a result of the Use of the Water Supply Resource (Erosion, River Hydrology, Hydrophilic Life, Incoming Sediment, etc.) Waters to be retained by the main dam within the Project are going to be collected in the reservoir of dam and to be released to Kavsak Bendi HEPP and to the stream bed directly and regularly via Kavsak Bendi HEPP without letting any changes occur in their physical and chemical structure. Hence, no changes are going to occur in quality of water transferred to downstream having been retained in dam reservoir. Moreover, as the waters of the Seyhan River are going to be regulated in scope of Project, flood risk in downstream of the Project is to be eliminated. It is anticipated that this will prevent possible erosions to be sourced from these floods. As is specified in Section V.2.2, either, environmental flow of 9.42 m 3 /sec is to be released to the stream bed permanently and the permanent flow will be enabled in the part of the Seyhan River between Kavsak Bendi Dam and Kavsak Bendi HEPP. Thereby, Project will not have a negative impact on downstream aquatic life. The sediment to be carried by the Seyhan River is going to be compiled in dead storage of reservoir to be formed in upstream on Kavsak Bendi Dam. By this way, sediment amount in downstream of Project is going to be reduced and water quality in downstream is going to be increased. Sediment amount to be carried to the Kavsak Bendi Dam as specified in the Final EIA Report is going to be 158,400 m 3 /year. As is pointed out in Table I-1 the level of dead storage in which the sediment is to be stored is estimated to be hm 3 (Total Storage Capacity Active Capacity = ). In that case, it will be possible for the sediment to be compiled in the dead storage approximately for 142 years (22.44 hm 3 / 158,400 m 3 /year). Therefore, reservoir of dam is going to be sufficient for storage of sediments coming from upstream during the operation period envisaged in Project. 125 Translated Document

146 V.2.6 Other Uses of the Resource if any and Impacts of Such Uses stake. Project is aimed only at generating energy and no uses other than this are at V.2.7 Possible Impacts on the Underground and Surface Water Resources It is anticipated that Project will bear a positive impact on the Seyhan River, the water resource to be used, in hydrological terms. Kavsak Bendi Dam is going to regulate waters of Seyhan River to prevent floods in downstream. The Capacity Increase within the Project is not expected to have any unfavorable impacts on underground and surface waters. V.2.8 Measures to be adopted for Elongating Life Time of Dam- Regulator (landscaping works, plant and three species to be chosen for this, erosion, carrying of sediments etc. for landscaping) The time period at the end of which the lake will have been filled with sediments coming from upstream is significant in terms of expected life of the dam lake to be formed and determination of the project life span accordingly. Therefore, bringing soil in the lake from the littoral zones by such factors as wind and rain in addition to the sediments in the dam lake which come from the upstream will cause the dead storage capacity of the dam lake to be full and completing its life span earlier than the estimated time. Necessary forestation and landscaping works are to be conducted in order to avoid this condition. The species specific to the flora of region are going to be used for these purposes. V.2.9 Where and How to Meet the Accommodation and Other Social 7 Technical Infrastructure Needs of the Personnel to be Employed for the Execution of Project Works and Population Sourced from this Personnel Tasks and number of personnel which will be employed for performance of maintenance, safety, control and other works during the operation of the Project are given in Table V-17. It is planned that 15 people are to be employed as technical and administrative personnel during the operation period of the plant. This staff will be from the local community as much as possible. Accommodation buildings for all staff will be constructed in the nearest settlement. For this aim, an administrative building, including an office for director, an office for vice director, technician, staff and driver rooms, a meeting room, tea shop, warehouse, security bench, telephone central will be constructed. The technical and administrative personnel to work in shifts are going to be employed from settlements in the vicinity as much as possible and it is to be ensured that they are left to their homes by service vehicles on shift changes. 126 Translated Document

147 For heating of buildings for staff, like energy unit, administrative and social facilities, guard cabins, distillate fuel-oil will be used in winter. This type of fuel is volatile and fluid and generates negligible amounts of ash and nitrogen (N) related to other types of fuel-oil. The fuel suggested for use includes sulfur (S) in weight of 1.5%. Table V-17 Task and Number of Personnel to be Employed during the Operation Phase Task Number Operating Manager 1 Operating Manager Assistant 1 Electricity Chief Engineer 1 Mechanical Chief Engineer 1 HSE Engineer 1 Technical Personnel Responsible for Shifts 1 Mechanical Workshop Master and Assistant 1 Electrical Workshop Master and Assistant 1 IT-Computer and Programming Technician 1 Store Supervisor and Assistant 1 Chief of Social and Administrative Affairs 1 Staff Manager 1 Accountant 1 Power Plant Operator 1 Security Personnel 1 TOTAL 15 Under these conditions, there is no possibility that the Project will have any negative impacts on social and technical infrastructure of the region. V.2.10 Characteristics of Treatment Plant to be Applied for Treatment of Waste Water to Arise After the Usage of Drinking and Utility Water in Administrative and Social Units, Elaboration of the Process and to Which Receiving Environment, to What Amount and How the Treated Waste Water to be Released In the operation phase, 15 personnel in total will work at the facility in shifts. As per Article 32 of RCAPOIE, after the sewage waters are collected in watertight Sewer System just as defined in Section V.1.16, they are going to be disposed of by Kozan Municipality due to the fact that number of personnel to be employed is less than 84. documents proving that sewage waters produced in scope of Project is taken by Kozan Municipality are going to be kept for three years and to be declared to authorities in inspections. V.2.11 Possible Impact of Forest Lands and Identification of Measures to be Taken against such Impacts Only fire impact can be indicated as an impact on forest areas during the operational phase of the Project. So, uncontrolled burning of any substance will be prevented during the activity in scope of the Project. Movable equipments for putting out the fires will be available. These equipments will be provided and controlled in accordance 127 Translated Document

148 with the concerning provisions of Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety. Also the staff will be trained in these subjects. In case of a fire incidence in spite of these measures, immediate action against fire will be taken and the nearest fire department will be informed. There is no possible negative impact on forest areas other than fire. Measures to be taken in Case of Fire: In case of a fire, adequate number of equipments for fire extinguishing (digger, shovel, ax, water bucket, fire tubes etc.) will be available at disposal on the activity site. Concerning provisions of articles in Safety Measures to be taken against Fire in Workplaces, which is the 5 th Part, 1 st Section of Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety, will be taken into account. Facility personnel will be trained for possible impacts of a fire and duties in such a case. In a fire possibility, other nearby institutions will be informed. After the fire is noticed and alarm is activated, people will try to put out the fire using the equipments ready in definite places against fire and the following points will be realized. When the fire is realized, first people around there, personnel working in the building and then concerned parties will be informed. Nearest security and fire department will be informed. Environmental safety will be ensured by emergency response team. Fire extinguishing teams will immediately intervene in fire. In case of fires caused by gas and electricity, flammable substances by the fire will immediately be isolated. Saving life is the first thing to do in a fire. In situations like this, unnecessary actions by people creating dangers for their own lives and for lives of others will be prevented. Fire will be attempted to be extinguished with the most proper equipments as soon as possible. Mouths and noses will be covered with wet cloth for protection against burning and stifling effect of the gas. No unnecessary damage, breaking and wrecking will be performed during fire extinction. Sufficient number of personnel and foamy fire extinguishers will be kept available for immediate use. Fire department vehicle will have a grounded structure that conducts static electricity. Emergency Response Teams in charge of putting out fire will be in contact with the local fire department. Ambulance will be sent to all places of fire. The following systems of fight against fire will be kept available and used against a possible fire danger: Gas Tubes (Extinction gases that will be used by spraying) 128 Translated Document

149 Smoke Detector (which will convey to the control panel automatically in case of smoke) Flame Detector (which will convey to the control panel automatically in case of flame) Gas Detector (which will, in initial phase, alarm incase of gas leakage and increase in gas density of the environment and, in second phase, will have fans work automatically and secure the system by decreasing gas concentration of the environment) V.2.12 Amount and Properties of Solid Waste to Arise from Housing, Social and Administrative Plants, to Where and How Solid Waste to be Transported or for Which Purposes and How They are to be Recycled It is estimated that approximately 20.1 kg solid waste sourced from 15 people to be employed at operation phase of Project (15 people 1.34 kg/person - day) is to be produced. Domestic solid wastes to be produced at the operation phase of the proposed project is going to be collected in covered containers on Project Site as is defined in Section V.1.17 and disposed of having been transported to landfills by Kozan Municipality. V.2.13 Source of the Noise to Arise during the Operation of the Project Units and Measures to be Taken for Noise Control The most important source of noise during the activities of the facility is the mechanical noise created by turning of the turbine axle around its own axis. Turbines are not expected to make any environmental noise in significant level as they are to be placed in an indoor area inside plant building. Other sources of noise in the plant are the noise sourcing from air conditioning of the building, discontinuous noise sourcing from operation of the diesel generators and noise sourcing from use of various pumps. In order to alleviate the impact of noise, necessary measures for reducing vibrations and noise are going to be adopted in plant building. Also, protective equipment will be given to the staff and use of them will be ensured, activities will be in accordance with the Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety (Official Gazette dated and numbered 14765). V.2.14 Other Characteristics The wastes containing polychlorinated biphenyl that could be produced during the maintenance works of the transformers to be used within the Project are going to transported to licensed disposal facilities in pursuant to the provisions of Regulation on Control of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Polychlorinated Terphenyls which took effect having been published in the Official Gazette dated and numbered Translated Document

150 V.3 Impacts of the Project on Socio-Economic Environment V.3.1 Expected Revenue Growth by the Project; Employment Opportunities to be Created, Population Movements, Migrations, Education, Health, Culture, Other Social and Technical Infrastructure Services and Changes in Utilization Status of such Services, etc The Project will create a potential for economic development for local and regional people. But also may create some temporary pressures on social services and infrastructure. Possible impacts of the Project on regional and local economies and social services and infrastructure are discussed in the following sections. Employment Opportunities to be Created and Increases in Income Increase in employment in a region is generally welcomed as a positive impact. Increasing household expenses in parallel with income increases will create new local business opportunities. In summary, it is expected that the construction and operation activities in scope of the suggested Project will contribute to economy both directly and indirectly. It is expected that the construction period is going to last for 36 months. Approximately 750 personnel members will be employed throughout this period. These personnel are going to be chosen among local people as much as possible. All those needed on construction site are going to be provided with local opportunities and thereby food, clothing, fuel, local transportation and service sectors and the general commercial life of the locality are going to be activated. 15 people are envisaged to be employed throughout the 49- year operation period of the Projection. A significant part of all needs and services necessitated for operation and maintenance are going to be provided from the locality. Moreover, forestry, husbandry and agricultural activities in the region are anticipated to be affected favorably by the Project. Population Movements and Immigration There is no need for a new settlement because there is no settlement (village, sub district etc.) that will be left under water in scope of the Project. So, people will not face with any problem like finding new ways for sustaining their lives and adapt to a new life. 130 Translated Document

151 Education, Health, Cultural and Other Social and Technical Infrastructural Services and Differences in Terms of Benefitting These Services Construction of the access roads are continues within scope of the construction works of the Project underway. Generally, development projects could create negative impacts on social services and infrastructure by creating a demand exceeding the existing supply capacity. On the other hand, these types of projects could also have positive impacts due to the additional works to be conducted for increasing the service capacity (such as road construction etc.). It is expected that construction workers who will came to the locality from outside in scope of the Project will leave the locality after the Project is completed. Also the contact of the workers with the local community will be minimized by providing the necessities of workers in the construction site and camps. There will be no negative impact on the existing social and technical infrastructure of the districts in the region, in terms of education, cultural structure, health services, communication and water supply. ENERJISA plans to undertake the repair works of some school in the vicinity of Project in the framework of a protocol to be entered with Adana Provincial Directorate of National Education. V.3.2 Environmental Benefit-Cost Analyses Due to the fact that the Project is a renewable energy project, the strained caused by the use of natural resources and the pollution to be formed are going to be less compared to the other projects generating energy using fossil fuels. The significant impacts of the Project, dust emissions, noise and disruptions in the ecosystem are going to be limited to the construction phase. Moreover, the quarries within Project which is evaluated in the Final EIA Report are not going to be used in scope of Project. This reduces such impacts as dust emission and noise listed above to a considerable extent. The important impact the Project is going to bear on ecosystem is the loss of habitat and formation of Lake Ecosystem. As is expressed in the foregoing sections, the beings living in the areas that are covered by waters will be able to find habitats akin to theirs in the vicinity. It is predicted that the species living in the river ecosystem will sustain their lives in littoral zones and areas outside reservoir of dam. Measures against the risk of erosion are going to be taken also through the site arrangements on areas where the construction works are completed. Therefore, the erosions and landslides which could possibly occur will be avoided. 131 Translated Document

152 No air emissions are anticipated to be formed during the operation phase of the Project. There are no cultural or archeological heritage elements on Project Site. Hence, it is not expected that the Project is going to bear any unfavorable impacts on such assets. The main environmental to be obtained from Project are enumerated below. Generation of electricity in a cleaner fashion in environmental terms is going to be achieved. Potential energy resource of the locality is going to be utilized. As there is no settlement to be left under water, a new settlement is to be out of question. The economy of the locality is going to be improved with offering new employment opportunities. The river flow rate is going to be taken under control to prevent the possible floods and spates. Primary environmental costs of the Project are given below. The measures to be taken so that the hydrophilic system in the basin is not affected (such as environmental flow) Temporary impacts on the social services and infrastructure Costs pertaining to environmental measures Environmental impacts of the Project are going to be minimized as a result of the measures to be taken. When the environmental costs and benefits of the Project are evaluated in the light of these data, it can be considered that the Project is a preferable one in terms of energy generation. 132 Translated Document

153 VI. OPERATION, POSSIBLE AND ONGOING İMPACTS AFTER THE CLOSURE OF THE PROJECT AND MEASURES TO BE TAKEN AGAINST SUCH İMPACTS In this section, possible environmental impacts that can develop after the end of activities in the Project facilities are examined. Generally in all countries, HES projects are designed as permanent businesses which operate continuously. License period of the project is 49 years. But, life of hydraulic structures is longer. Life of electromagnetic equipment (turbines, generators, unit control systems etc.) is generally expected as 35 years the vent that the maintenance and repair of electromagnetic equipment is done regularly and replaced when considered necessary, it is possible that the proposed facility serves for longer years. Environmental impacts which can develop after the end of the activities are explained in the following sections. VI.1 Land Improvement Land improvement and other several landscaping activities (ex. planting) are going to be conducted so as to avoid erosions and landslides in scope of Project. Drainage channels and ditches are going to be dug open in relevant locations to prevent the surface flow waters to be sourced from rainfalls on Project construction site during the land improvement works and the surface flow is going to be taken under control. As quarries are not going to be used in scope of Project, areas disrupted by the mining activities are not going to be formed. Should the plants be closed down, reclamation study is going to be conducted prior to closing down taking into consideration the conditions of the time. VI.2 Land Improvement and Reclamation Works to be done on Project site and in Quarries No additional land improvements are estimated to be done other than the activities explained above after the operation of Project ends. It is considered that the dam lake used in Project can be used as excursion spot. VI.3 Impacts on Available Water Resources Waters passed through the turbines to generate electricity are going to be released back to Seyhan River. Therefore, after the end of Project activities, it is not expected to see any impact on available water quality because of the Project. 133 Translated Document

154 VII. ALTERNATIVES OF THE PROJECT (In this section, area choice, technology, measures to be taken; comparison of alternatives and preference ranking will be indicated.) VII.1 Alternative Technologies for Electricity Generation If compared with natural gas, nuclear and coal plants, it will be seen hydroelectric plants have important advantages in terms of being renewable source and peak time operating. Hydroelectric plants are the optimum choice to meet the peak demand because they can step in fast in peak hours and can easily stop when the demand decreases. The primary alternatives for the hydroelectric power plants are thermal, natural gas and wind power plants. Thermal power plants are fuelled by coal. The fact that the coals extracted in our country are generally low grade coals bringsalong the requirement to import the çcoals to be mused at thermal power plants. This leads to dependence on foreign sources in the energy generation in turn. The same condition applies also the natural gas power palnts. As for the wind power plants which constitute an alternative to the hydroelectric plants, availability could pose a problem due the discontinuity of the winds. Both on the grounds of high level of availability and that the domestic resources are used, it is considered that the hydroelectric power plants can be opted over other alternatives to ensure security of supply. VII.2 Alternatives of the Project As is specified in the Final EIA Report, the Kavsak Bendi HEPP project, suggested by DSI Directorate General in a report published in 1980 under title Lower Seyhan Basin Master Plan Report is designed to be via Seyhan River between Goktas Dam and HEPP and Kopru Dam and HEPP in upstream and Yedigoze Dam and HEPP in downstream. The Project proposed has a transmission tunnel m long, the installed power of the plant has been estimated to be 120 MW and the total energy generation has been estimated to be 563,8 GWhr. However, as it has been found that construction of the long energy tunnel is not possible due to geological conditions and contains a great risk and the costs will be high if constructed, a tunnel route which is shorter, the construction of which is more appropriate in geological terms and which is cost effective and a project formulation duly have been adopted. In this regard, in the Project evaluated in the Final EIA Report, the axis of dam given in Master Plan has been moved 7,5 km downstream and placed on river bed elevation, the dam type has been proposed to have dominantly concrete structures and a main dam has been designed on 323,00 m crest elevation 74 m above the river bed elevation. Installed power of the plant has been estimated to be 145,40 MW. This way, the planning uniformity of Seyhan River has not been disrupted. 134 Translated Document

155 The plant site and tail water elevation have been maintained fixed and the length of the energy tunnel has been reduced to m. VII.3 No Action Alternative (Zero Alternative) Any investment can have lots of alternatives regarding land choice and technology. All of these alternatives are different investment choices developed for execution of the Project. Also, not executing the project can be regarded as an alternative. Main aim of this type of working which is named as No Action Alternative is not to execute the Project and evaluate the existing benefits and costs of not realizing the Project (in other words in available circumstances). As it is generally difficult to have such qualitative assesments, alternative scenarios about the situations which can be crated because of executing or not executing the project are presented to the decision-maker. If no action alternative is chosen for the project, electricity generation loss of 380,24 GWhr per year and the financial bulk of this will be born. Also, not executing the project means that the contribution of the project to the process of the electricity generation in the country based only on domestic sources will not be realized. If the conditions and energy need of the country are taken into consideration, it is obvious that no action alternative makes sense. 135 Translated Document

156 VIII. MONITORING PROGRAM As is indicated in the foregoing sections as well, EIA Positive Certificate has been obtained from MoEF on and the construction of the Project commenced in August Final EIA Report Monitoring Forms are going to be prepared on the basis of 6 month- periods and submitted to MoEF. VIII.1 Monitoring Program Suggested for the Construction of Facility, Operation of Facility, Monitoring Program Proposed for the Period after Operation and Emergency Response Program Monitoring Program Suggested for the Construction Phase The following issues will generally be taken into account during the construction phase: Conduct of the construction works in accordance with the agreed plan and regulations, Supervision of the adequacy of construction quality and keeping all records related to the construction properly Conduct of the construction works in accordance with prepared final design documents and designs in application phase, Fulfilling the requirements of occupational health and safety In addition to these, in order to take under control the environmental impacts of the construction, monitoring must be done during construction, according to the legislation in effect. The monitoring area in construction phase consists of the construction area, the contractor s site, settlement nearby, Seyhan River environment and construction area rehabilitation areas. Monitoring program will include the following Biological monitoring, Disposal of the domestic solid wastes produced during the construction phase, Disposal of domestic liquid wastes produced during the construction phase of Project, Periodical examination (once every three months) of the waters of Seyhan River which could be affected by the Project construction activities in terms of essential water quality parameters, in particular parameter of blurriness (ph, AKM, Chemical Oxygen Deficit (COD) and grease oil) with the method of taking samples from downstream of river Periodical control dust emission and noise sourcing from the construction site (every three months in the nearest settlements), 136 Translated Document

157 Control of the wastes resulting from the service and maintenance of the construction machinery and vehicles, Control of the waste excavation materials, Restoration of the landscape disrupted in the construction phase (at the completion of the construction activities. Biological Monitoring Activities of monitoring the components of land fauna and habitats throughout the construction phase have been realized in two steps, which are; Prior to the start of operation, construction activities and installation of the plant, During the installation / construction phase. Fieldworks were conducted just before the start of the construction works to ensure that the species defined in the report on the land fauna researches given in Annex-L do not affected adversely by the activities to be realized. The preliminary fieldworks conducted by the team drafting the report in the period when the biological activities were intensified to the optimum level were based on the species and in the report and their habitats. Fieldworks, controls and investigation relating to floristic and faunal components between the dates 28 th - 31 st of May 2009 were carried out. Within scope of these, the assesments relating to the seeds collected and other data were started. The gathered seeds of endemic plant types found on site were collected in three fieldworks on the dates 28 th of May- 1 st of June 2009, 15 th -18 th of July 2009 and 26 th of August In the fieldworks realized in relation to the components of land fauna, the land fauna elements using the parts of the Project site on which the plant is designed to be built in particular were concentrated on during the observation made in these areas. Detailed observations and investigations were made in both the parts where the construction works took start and those parts the construction activities were going to be commenced later on and additionally in areas on which the dam lakes were going to be formed. The individual species encountered during these observations were caught and transported to areas where they were to be free from the impacts of Project and freed in the habitats which would not pose any risk or problems for them to sustain their lives. This way, their being unfavorably affected by the ongoing activities were attempted to be avoided. Although there were no risks available in areas where the construction activities were yet to start and particularly the areas which would be left under waters after the reservoir formation, practice of catching, transport and freeing was implemented. Thanks to this practice the individuals were kept away from these areas. Although the possibility that they return back was low existed, though existed, this practice was adopted as the more individuals decided to stay where they are transported the more successful the 137 Translated Document

158 Project would be. The seeds collected were given to Seed and Genome Research Institute within the body of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs to be sowed on the site later on. The hydrophilic fauna monitoring works are going to be conducted on a seasonal basis as Prof. Dr. ERKAKAN suggests in the report in Annex- K. Monitoring Program Suggested for Operational Phase Civil defense, protection and private security services of the Project facilities constructed for energy production will be provided in accordance to the legislations. In monitoring program for operation phase, analysis of dissolved oxygen, temperature, ph and AKM parameters is going to be carried out over Seyhan River in summer and winter (twice a year). In case any complaints during the operation period, noise measurement is going to be made in the nearest settlement. Collection of solid wastes and disposal of these on the waste disposal areas of the municipality and disposal of the sewage waters by the Kozan municipality sucking them with sewage trucks are among the other points that must be controlled. All monitoring works will be carried with standard techniques suggested by T.R. Ministry of Environment and Forestry and with the equipments, calibration, operation and maintenance of which will be done in accordance to the Regulations of Producer Company. One copy of the results of monitoring works will be submitted to Adana Provincial Directorate of Agriculture. Monitoring after Operation The HEPP projects are typically designed to be facilities operating continuously without failure in all countries. The license term of the Project is 49 years. However the life of hydraulic buildings is much longer. The life of the electromechanical equipment (turbines, generator, unit control systems, switchyard equipment etc.) is estimated to be 35 years in general. On condition that the maintenance and repair of electromechanical equipment on a regular basis and replaced when necessary, it will be possible for the plant proposed to serve longer years. In case of closing down of the facilities due to some conditions which could arise after the operation period of 49 years ends, the following will be taken into consideration Land improvement, if necessary area settlement, reshaping and terracing will be done. Territorial flora has the ability to renew itself in a short notice related to heavy rainfalls. So, after land improvement, plant cover will be rehabilitated 138 Translated Document

159 immediately. Surface drainage will be controlled by opening drainage channels and trenches where necessary to prevent runoff which can be formed by rains during land amelioration activities Emergency Response Plan including the activities to be carried out in various states of emergency to occur in the construction and operation phases of the Project is available in Annex- O. VIII.2 Program Concerning the Fulfillment of the Provisions included in the Fourth Paragraph under Title Obligations of Institutions/Organizations Obtaining Certificate of Competency in the Notice of Competency if EIA Positive Certificate is Granted In the fourth paragraph of Article 9 of Notification of Competency published in the Official Gazette dated and numbered is specified the institutions / organizations granted Competency Certificate shall be obliged to make monitoring control on site going to therein whether the commitments relating to the starting and operating periods of the investment which are specified in the Final EIA Report they prepare are fulfilled until the operation period of the investment is initiated and submit Final EIA Report Monitoring Form available in the Annex-4 of this notification to the Ministry within 20 days of work filling it in according to the periods envisaged in the Final EIA Report. In this context, in the event that EIA Positive Certificate is granted for the Kavsak Bendi HEPP Project EIA Report, the monitoring program in the Final EIA Report is going to be implemented within the time periods defined and Monitoring Reports Form is going to be and submitted to MoEF on a six monthly basis. 139 Translated Document

160 IX. PARTICIPATION OF THE LOCAL COMMUNITY (Reflection of how and with which methods the local community that will possibly be affected by the Project was informed; reflection of opinions of people regarding the project and related explanations in the EIA Report) Meeting for Participation of Local Community in EIA Process which needs to be held in order to achieve public participation in EIA process, enlighten them on the activity, to learn their opinions and suggestions relating to the Kavsak Bendi HEPP Project as per the Article 9 of EIA Regulation was realized in Adana Province on Essential coordination with Adana Provincial Directorate of Environment and Forestry was established for the meeting venue and the meeting was decided to be held in Haci Kara Coffee House in Akdam Village, Kozan District. For this aim the advertisement containing the date, hour, venue and subject of the meeting were published in two separate newspapers, one local and the other one national (Zirve Newspaper and Dunya Newspaper). The concerning announcements are seen in Figure IX.1. Dunya Newspaper Zirve Newspaper Figure IX-1 Newspaper Advertisements for the Announcement of the Local Community Participation Meetings As can be understood from the advertisements in Figure IX-1, the meeting was held on , at Adana Provincial Department of Environment and Forestry, on A significant number of local people participated in the meeting (see Figure IX-2). It has been observed that the local people generally approached positively to the realization of Project and they had some demands for being employed in the construction of the Project. The authorized agent of the company stated in reply that people from local community were to be employed as much as possible. The minute relating to the participation of local community meeting is provided in Annex- P. 140 Translated Document

161 Figure IX-2 Photo -1 from the Public Participation Meeting Figure IX-3 Photo -2 from the Public Participation Meeting 141 Translated Document

162 X. CONCLUSIONS (Summary of all explanations, a general assesment in which important environmental impacts of the Project are listed and which clarifies to what extent the negative environmental impacts of the project can be successfully eliminated if the Project is realized, choices among alternatives in scope of Project and reasons of the choices) The Kavsak Bendi HEPP Project is a project aimed at generating electricity and which is located 8 km downstream of the spot where Zamanti and Goksu, two main tributaries of Seyhan River. The Project center is inside the borders of Aladag and Kozan Districts of Adana Province and is distanced 7 km from Aladag District Center and 27 km from Kozan District Center. Water potential and flood flow rates of the Kavsak Bendi HEPP Project have been updated based on the latest data operation and optimization works have been performed in line with the development status of the upstream project and the feasibility report dated 2008 containing the installed power figures, which is Kavsak Bendi Dam and HEPP Project Feasibility Report has been examined by DSI Directorate General and Survey and Planning Department and has been submitted to EPDK having been confirmed. Capacity alteration made within the project has been confirmed by EPDK. In consequence of the optimization works and economic analysis relating to environmental flow of 5 m 3 /sec which has been pledged to kept in the river for sustaining life forms in River within the scope of the Project granted EIA Positive Decision by MOEF on , penstock pipe 1,50 m in diameter and Kavsak Embankment type HEPP with an installed power of 2,92 MW was designed to utilize the energy of this water. However, amount of environmental flow to be released so that the hygrophilous life in downstream of the dam do not affected unfavorably by water retention has been determined over again taking into regard the figures of the flow rates in the last decade taken basis for the Project. Accordingly 9,42 m 3 /sec of environmental flow which is equal to 10% of the flow rates in the last decade taken basis for the Project is going to be released in downstream of the dam. The total installed power of the Kavsak Bendi HEPP Project has been increased to 181,81 MW from 145,40 MW and the annual energy production has been increased to 661,51 GWhr for the full development status in consequence of capacity increase. The construction works were started as of August 2008 subsequent to grant of the EIA Positive Decision and construction of access roads and entry and exit portals of derivation and energy tunnels have been completed to a large extent. 142 Translated Document

163 Quarries specified in the Final EIA Report of Kavsak Bendi Dam, HEPP and Quarries Project granted EIA Positive Decision on are not going to be used and no quarries are to be opened. There are no National Parks, Natural Parks, Natural Protection Zones, Sites for Protecting and Accommodating Wild Life, Private and Environmental Protection Areas, Biogenetic Reservoir Areas, Biosphere Reserves and registered watercourses on the site of Project which are under protection as per the legislation of T.R. Ministry of Environment and Forestry and Ministry of Tourism. Additionally, there are no Cultural and Touristic Protection and Improvement Area and Touristic Hubs declared in pursuant to Law on Encouragement of Tourism no on the Project Site. Excavation materials to be extracted from the Project facilities are going to be utilized in areas appropriate in terms of environmental impact and project economy and for filling purposes. The materials not used are going to be stored in storage areas. The vegetable soil which can be stripped during excavations is going to be stored separately and used as surface covering material in landscaping works. The denotative substances to be used in the excavations are going to be transported and stored in compliance with the legislation and regulation in effect in such a way as not to harm the environment and human health. Necessary measures against the use these substances for the other purposes than they are intended to. They are going to be kept in indoor areas under lock, the necessary heat insulation, ventilation and fire extinguishing mechanisms are going to be installed in the rooms they are kept. Utility water is going to be needed for concrete production, dust control and cleaning purposes during the construction activities of the Project. Moreover, water is going to be used for meeting the potable and utility water needs of personnel to work in the construction and operation of the Project. The potable water necessitated in the operation and construction phases of the Project are going to be supplied from the market in dispenser size bottles and utility water necessitated in the construction of the Project form the resources and settlements nearby. It has been established that the use of quarries are not going to be necessitated as the materials obtained from the excavations are going to be utilized. The liquid wastes are sewage waters exclusively during the phase of road construction and are collected in Sewer System and are disposed of by Kozan Municipality by being sucked by sewage trucks when they are full. In the main construction period, the sewage waters are going to be collected in Sewer System or tanks having been treated at package treatment plants and sucked by sewage trucks and as per the Article 20(b) of RCAPOIE given to Kozan Municipality so that they are transported outside the Seyhan River from which potable and utility waters are supplied. The sewage waters to be produced in the operation phase of the Project are going to be transported away from the Project Site similarly. 143 Translated Document

164 The household wastes produced during the construction are collected on the Project Site and disposed of being transported to solid waste landfills of Kozan Municipality. The same practice relating to the disposal of solid wastes is to be executed in the operation phase of the Project. The primary laws and regulations to be complied with throughout Kavsakbendi HEPP Capacity Increase Project construction and operation periods are listed below. Environmental Law numbered 2872 and Related Regulations Labor Law numbered 4857 and Related regulations Forestry Law no and Law on Modification to the Forest Law no and Related Regulations Pasture Law no and Law on Modifications to Some Laws as per Pasture Law no and Related Regulations Law on Aqua Products no and Related Regulations Law on Protection of Cultural and Natural Assets no (different from Law numbered 5226) and Related Regulations Regulation on Sewer System to be Constructed in Places without Sewer System Channel (took effect having been published in Official Gazette dated and numbered ) Regulation on Aquatic Products (entered into effect having been published in Official Gazette dated and numbered ) Regulation on Buildings to be Constructed in Disasters Zones (entered into effect having been published in Official Gazette dated and numbered 26582) Regulation on Environmental Monitoring (entered into effect having been published in Official Gazette dated and numbered 27061) Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety(entered into effect having been published in Official Gazette dated and numbered 25311) Regulation on Environmental Impact Assessment (entered into effect having been published in Official Gazette dated and numbered 26939) Regulation on Health and Safety in Construction Works (entered into effect having been published in Official Gazette dated and numbered 25325) Regulation on Control of Solid Wastes (entered into effect having been published in Official Gazette dated and numbered 26952) Regulation on the Control of Excavation Soil, Construction and Debris Wastes (entered into effect having been published in Official Gazette dated and numbered 25406) Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety in Temporary and Specific Period (entered into effect having been published in Official Gazette dated and numbered 25463) Regulation on Control of Waste Batteries and Accumulators (entered into effect having been published in Official Gazette dated and numbered 25569) 144 Translated Document

165 Regulation on Control of Water Pollution (entered into effect having been published in Official Gazette dated and numbered 25687) Regulation on Control of the Hazardous Wastes (entered into effect having been published in Official Gazette dated and numbered 25755) Regulation on Protection and Use of Agricultural Lands (entered into effect having been published in Official Gazette dated and numbered 25766) Regulation on Control of the Waste Vegetable Oils (entered into effect having been published in Official Gazette dated and numbered 25791) Regulation on Control of Soil Pollution (entered into effect having been published in Official Gazette dated and numbered 25831) Regulation on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise (entered into effect having been published in Official Gazette dated and numbered 26809) Regulation on Control of Medical Wastes (entered into effect having been published in Official Gazette dated and numbered 25883) Regulation on Control of Air Pollution Originated from Industrial Establishments (entered into effect having been published in Official Gazette dated and numbered 27277) Regulation on Protection of Wetlands (entered into effect having been published in Official Gazette dated and numbered 25818) 145 Translated Document

166 REFERENCES Report on Engineering Geology and Natural Building Materials, Dolsar Mühendislik Ltd. ti., January General Population Census - Adana, State Statistical Institute, August Lands in Adana Province, General Directorate of Rural Services,1996. Research on the Socio- Economical Development Ranking of Provinces and Regions (2003), State Planning Organization, Ankara Research on the Socio- Economical Development Ranking of Districts (2004) State Planning Organization, Ankara Provincial Environmental Status Reports Guide, Adana Provincial Directorate of Environment and Forestry, 2006 Our Forests, Forestry Directorate General, (Website of Adana Provincial Directorate of Agriculture) (Website of T.R. Adana Governorate) (Website of Turkish Statistics Institute) Climate Change and Dams: An Analysis of the Linkages Between the UNFCCC Legal Regime and Dams (2000) United Nations Environment Program, Kenya. 146 Translated Document