TÜRGI 85 - EESTI 90 SÕPRUS LÄBI AEGADE TURKEY 85 - ESTONIA 90 FRIENDSHIP THROUGH TIME

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1 TÜRGI 85 - EESTI 90 SÕPRUS LÄBI AEGADE TURKEY 85 - ESTONIA 90 FRIENDSHIP THROUGH TIME

2 SISUKORD CONTENTS Türgi Vabariigi suursaadiku eessõna 3 Introduction by Ambassador of Turkey Kronoloogia 5 Timeline Kahepoolsed lepingud Eesti ja Türgi vahel 7 Bilateral Agreements between Estonia and Turkey Kõrgetasemelised visiidid Eesti ja Türgi vahel 8 High Level Visits between Estonia and Turkey Iseseisvussõjad ja parlamentide avamine 9 Independence Wars and the Opening of National Assemblies Eesti-Türgi suhete algus ja Eesti-Türgi sõprusleping (1924) 13 Beginning of Estonian-Turkish Relations and the Estonian-Turkish Treaty of Friendship (1924) Riigijuhtide kirjad 17 Letters from the Heads of State Saatkondade ja konsulaatide asutamine Eestis ja Türgis 22 Establishment of Embassies and Consulates in Estonia and Turkey aasta Vene-Türgi sõja veteranide otsimise kampaania 27 Campaign for Searching Ex-servicemen of the Russo-Turkish War Eesti-Türgi majandussuhted 32 Estonian-Turkish Economic Relations Türgi naised. Eesti ajakirjandus Türgi reformidest 36 Turkish Women. Turkish Reforms in the Estonian Press Türgi välispoliitika arengud Eesti ajakirjanduses 40 Turkish Foreign Policy Developments in the Estonian Press Eestlased Türgis, türklased Eestis 44 Estonians in Turkey, Turks in Estonia Türgi arhitektuur eesti ajakirjanduses 48 Turkish Architecture in the Estonian Press Esemed Türgist riigipea residentsi tarvis, Sultan Osman II portre 49 Turkish Items Acquired for the Residence of the Head of State, Portrait of Sultan Osman II Keel ja kirjandus 51 Language and Literature Atatürgi surm ja matus 56 Atatürk's Death and Funeral İsmet İnönü, teine president 60 İsmet İnönü, the 2 nd President Diplomaatiliste suhete taasloomine 64 Re-establishment of Diplomatic Relations Presidentide visiidid 66 Presidential Visits Peaministrite visiidid 69 Prime Ministers Visits Välisministrite visiidid 70 Foreign Ministers Visits Eesti ja eestlased Türgi ajakirjanduses 74 Estonia and Estonians in Turkish Newspapers Kultuurivahetus 76 Cultural Exchanges

3 TÜRGI VABARIIGI SUURSAADIKU EESSÕNA INTRODUCTION BY AMBASSADOR OF TURKEY Türgi kodanikuna teadsin Eesti kohta peamiselt tõsiasja, et see on üks ilus maa Läänemere kaldal, kus inimesed räägivad keelt, mis kuidagimoodi omab teatud seoseid ja sarnasusi Türgi keelega. Saabudes Türgi saadikuna Eestisse aasta detembrikuus, tundsin juba seetõttu selle maa ja tema suurepäraste elanike vastu erilist sümpaatiat. Minu huvi meie riikide kahepoolsete suhete vastu hakkas pakkuma väga meeldivaid üllatusi riikidevaheliste suhete erinevate aspektide kohta, äratades minus soovi seda valkonda veelgi sügavamalt uurida, mis omakorda võiks päädida näitusega, võib-olla jõuda koguni raamatukaante vahele, et nii eesti kui türgi rahvale meelde tuletada neid fakte, mis on meid omavahel lähendanud juba kaua aega tagasi. Palju inimesi ja asutusi nii Eesti kui Türgi poolelt on andnud oma panuse sellesse uurimistöösse, mille tulemused tõendavad, et meie riikide vahel valitsevad pikaaegseid suhted poliitika, majanduse, kultuuri ja isegi spordi vallas. Selle kinnituseks on asjaolu, et juba meie riikide iseseisvuse päris alguses, aastal, sõlmisid kaks noort vabariiki omavahel sõpruse ja koostöö lepingu, millele on mõlemad osapooled ustavaks jäänud tänaseni. Meie riikide presidentide omavaheline kirjavahetus, Türgi saatkonna avamine aastal aadressil Kentmanni tn. 9, olid ühtviisi suured avastused minu jaoks. As a Turkish citizen, the main fact I knew about Estonia was that it is a beautiful country on the shores of the Baltic Sea whose people spoke a language which somehow had ties and similarities with the Turkish language. Therefore, following my arrival in Tallinn as Ambassador of Turkey in December 2005, I was already feeling a special closeness for this country and its wonderful people. My curiosity about the history of our bilateral relations started to yield very pleasant surprises about the different aspects of our bilateral relations. This evoked in me a desire to carry out a more thorough research into the matter which, in turn, could result in an exhibition and perhaps also a publication, so that both the Estonian and Turkish people would be reminded of these facts that have brought us close already a long time ago. Many individuals and institutions from both Estonia and Turkey have contributed to this research which shows that our countries share long-standing relations in the area of politics, economy, culture and even sports. So much so, that shortly after gaining their independence the two young Republics concluded a Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation in 1924 to which both countries have remained loyal to this day. The correspondences between our Presidents, the opening of the Turkish Embassy in 1935 at Kentmanni 9 were also great discoveries for me. 3

4 TÜRGI VABARIIGI SUURSAADIKU EESSÕNA INTRODUCTION BY AMBASSADOR OF TURKEY Eesti Vabariigi 90. juubeliaasta ja Türgi Presidendi Abdullah Güli visiit Eestisse president Toomas Hendrik Ilvese külalisena, andsid ülimalt tähendusrikka aluse käesoleva näituse avamiseks 10.oktoobril 2008 Eesti Rahvusraamatukogus. Antud näitus ja ka see kataloog esitlevad valikut dokumentidest, fotodest ning teistest materjalidest, mida oli võimalik koguda suhteliselt lühikese ajaga. Oleme ülimalt tänulikud kõikidele osapooltele, kes andsid oma panuse käesoleva näituse valmimisele. Tahaksin südamest tänada Jaana Kooli ja Tanno Tilgarit, ning Türgi saatkonna töötajaid, endist nõunikku Nur Sagmani, Kristi Saart and Kai-Ines Nelsonit, kes ennastsalgava pühendumusega veetsid pikki õhtutunde seda näitust ette valmistades. Ma loodan südamest, et käesolev näitus ja kataloog pakuvad Teile põnevaid avastusi aegade lõikes, edendades sügavamat vastastikust mõistmist ning lähendades veelgi meie rahvaid teineteisele. S ule Soysal Türgi Vabariigi suursaadik The 90 th anniversary of Independence of the Republic of Estonia and the official visit of the Turkish President Abdullah Gül as the guest of President Toomas Hendrik Ilves, presented a most meaningful occasion for the opening of this exhibition, on 10 th of October 10, 2008 in Tallinn at the National Library of Estonia. The present exhibition and consequently this publication display selected documents, photos as well as other material which could be accessed at a rather short period of time. We are very grateful indeed to all the numerous sources who provided materials for this exhibition. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to Jaana Kool and Tanno Tilgar as well as members of staff at the Turkish Embassy, especially former counsellor Nur Sagman, Kristi Saar and Kai-Ines Nelson who put forth such devoted effort and long hours in preparation for this exhibition. I hope that this exhibition and publication will offer you with equally exciting discoveries of the Turkish-Estonian relations through time, promote a deeper understanding and bring our nations even closer together. S ule Soysal Ambassador of Turkey 4

5 KRONOLOOGIA TIMELINE KUULUTATAKSE VÄLJA EESTI VABARIIK ASUTAVA KOGU KOKKUKUTSUMINE EESTI VABARIIGIS SUURE RAHVUSKOGU KOKKUKUTSUMINE TÜRGI ISESEISVUSLASTE POOLT EESTI VALITSUSE DELEGAADI KIRI OSMANI RIIGI VÄLISMINISTER İZZET PAS ALE KUULUTATAKSE VÄLJA TÜRGI VABARIIK TÜRGI TUNNUSTAB EESTIT DE JURE. SÕLMITAKSE EESTI-TÜRGI SÕPRUSLEPING. SÕPRUSKOHTUMINE TALLINNAS EESTI JA TÜRGI JALGPALLIKOONDISTE VAHEL, MILLE VÕIDAB TÜRGI 4:1. EESTI PARLAMENT RATIFITSEERIB SÕPRUSLEPINGU MUSTAFA KEMAL VALITAKSE TEIST KORDA TÜRGI VABARIIGI PRESIDENDIKS. EESTI AVAB ATEENA PEAKONSULAADI, PEAKONSUL ERNST VEBERMAN HAKKAB ESINDAMA EESTI ÄRIHUVISID KA TÜRGIS. TÜRGI PRESIDENT MUSTAFA KEMALI KIRI EESTI RIIGIVANEM JAAN TÕNISSONILE EESTI JA TÜRGI ALLKIRJASTAVAD KAUBANDUS- JA LAEVANDUSKONVENTSIOONI. EESTI RIIGIVANEM JAAN TÕNISSONI KIRI TÜRGI PRESIDENT MUSTAFA KEMALILE TÜRGI MÄÄRAB AMETISSE DIPLOMAATILISE ASJURI BALTIMAADES İBRAHIM OSMANI, KES HAKKAB ESINDAMA TÜRGIT KA EESTIS. EESTI AVAB ISTANBULI PEAKONSULAADI, PEAKONSULIKS SAAB ERNST VEBERMAN. EESTI JA TÜRGI PARLAMENDID RATIFITSEERIVAD KAUBANDUS JA LAEVANDUSKONVENTSIOONI. EESTI JA TÜRGI ALLKIRJASTAVAD KÕRGENDATUD TARIIFIDEGA KAUBANDUS- JA LAEVANDUSLEPINGU. EESTI TELEGRAAFIAGENTUURI DIREKTOR JAAN LINTROP OSALEB ISTANBULIS TELEGRAAFIAGENTUURIDE JUHATAJATE KONVERENTSIL EESTI PARLAMENT RATIFITSEERIB KÕRGENDATUD TARIIFIDEGA KAUBANDUS- JA LAEVANDUSLEPINGU MUSTAFA KEMAL VALITAKSE KOLMANDAT KORDA TÜRGI VABARIIGI PRESIDENDIKS. TÜRGI PARLAMENT RATIFITSEERIB KÕRGENDATUD TARIIFIDEGA KAUBANDUS- JA LAEVANDUSLEPINGU. EESTI PRESIDENT KONSTANTIN PÄTSI KIRI TÜRGI PRESIDENT MUSTAFA KEMALILE, MILLES PALUB AVADA TÜRGI SAATKOND EESTIS TÜRGI SULGEB DIPLOMAATILISE ESINDUSE BALTIMAADES. EESTI SULGEB ISTANBULI PEAKONSULAADI MUSTAFA KEMAL VALITAKSE NELJANDAT KORDA TÜRGI VABARIIGI PRESIDENDIKS. TÜRGI AVAB SAATKONNA TALLINNAS, SAADIKUKS SAAB NURI BATU. EESTI JA TÜRGI SÕLMIVAD KLIIRINGKOKKULEPPE. TÜRGI MAADLUSLIIDU PEASEKRETÄR ALI SENSEDDIN SAABUB TALLINNA EESMÄRGIGA LEIDA TÜRGI MAADLUSKOONDISELE PEATREENER. TÜRGI PRESIDENT MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATÜRGI KIRI EESTI RIIGIVANEMALE KONSTANTIN PÄTSILE JA KONSTANTIN PÄTSI VASTUS SELLELE TÜRGI ALLKIRJASTAB MONTREAUX'S UUE VÄINADE LEPINGU. TÜRGI SAATKOND EESTIS ASUTAB KONSULAAROSAKONNA, MILLE JUHIKS SAAB SENINE SAATKONNA SEKRETÄR M. SETTAR F. IKSEL EESTI JA TÜRGI SÕLMIVAD KAUBANDUSKOKKULEPPE JA PIKENDAVAD KLIIRINGLEPINGUT. EESTIS KORRALDATAKSE KAMPAANIA AASTA VENE-TÜRGI SÕJA VETERANIDE LEIDMISEKS EESTI PRESIDENT KONSTANTIN PÄTSI KIRI TÜRGI PRESIDENT MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATÜRGILE. SUREB TÜRGI VABARIIGI RAJAJA JA KAUAAEGNE PRESIDENT MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATÜRK. EESTI POOLA SAADIK JOHANNES MARKUS JA EESTI PRESIDENDI ADJUTANT KINDRAL GUSTAV JONSON VÕTAVAD OSA MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATÜRGI MATUSTEST. EESTI JA TÜRGI SÕLMIVAD KAUBANDUS- JA KLIIRINGLEPETE PROTOKOLLI. EESTI JA TÜRGI MAADLEJAD OSALEVAD MAADLUSE EUROOPA MEISTRIVÕISTLUSTEL TALLINNAS EESTI SAADIK POOLAS JOHANNES MARKUS MÄÄRATAKSE EESTI SAADIKUKS TÜRGIS, ASUKOHAGA VARSSAVIS. ISTANBULI PEAKONSULAADI TAASAVAMINE, PEAKONSULIKS SAAB RICHARD JÖFFERT EESTI ISTANBULI PEAKONSUL RICHARD JÖFFERTI TAGASIKUTSUMINE. 5

6 KRONOLOOGIA TIMELINE 1991 DIPLOMAATILISTE SUHETE TAASTAMINE 1993 EESTI PRESIDENT LENNART MERI RIIGIVISIIT TÜRGISSE. TALLINNA PEDAGOOGIKAÜLIKOOLIS ALUSTATAKSE TÜRGI KEELE ÕPETAMIST LISAERIALANA EESTI VÄLISMINISTER JÜRI LUIK VÕTAB OSA NATO TIPPKOHTUMISEST ISTANBULIS. TÜRGI VÄLISMINISTER HIKMETTIN ÇETINI VISIIT EESTISSE EESTIS ILMUB YAS AR KEMALI ROMAAN MADU MAHA TAPPA", LY SEPPEL-EHINI TÕLKES. LY SEPPELI, ANDRES EHINI JT. EESTVEDAMISEL ASUTATAKSE TALLINNA PEDAGOOGIKAÜLIKOOLI JUURES TÜRGI KULTUURIKESKUS. EESTI VÄLISMINISTER RIIVO SINIJÄRVE VISIIT TÜRGISSE TÜRGI VABARIIGI PRESIDENT SÜLEYMAN DEMIRELI RIIGIVISIIT EESTISSE. PRESIDENT SÜLEYMAN DEMIREL AVAB TALLINNA PEDAGOOGIKAÜLIKOOLI TÜRGI KEELE KESKUSE. RIIGIKOGU ESIMEES TOOMAS SAVI VISIIT TÜRGISSE EESTI PRESIDENT LENNART MERI RIIGIVISIIT TÜRGISSE EESTI PEAMINISTER MART LAAR JA EESTI VÄLISMINISTER TOOMAS HENDRIK ILVES VÕTAVAD OSA OSCE TIPPKOHTUMISEST ISTANBULIS TÜRGI VÄLISMINISTER İSMAIL CEMI VISIIT EESTISSE. TALLINNA PEDAGOOGIKAÜLIKOOLIS ALUSTATAKSE TÜRGI KEELE ÕPETAMIST PÕHIERIALANA TALLINNAS AVATAKSE TÜRGI VABARIIGI EESTI SAATKOND. EESTI VÄLISMINISTER TOOMAS HENDRIK ILVESE VISIIT TÜRGISSE TÜRGI VABARIIGI PRESIDENDI AHMET NECET SEZERI RIIGIVISIIT EESTISSE. TÜRGI KAITSEMINISTER SABAHHATIN ÇAKMAKOĞLU VISIIT EESTISSE EESTI VÄLISMINISTER KRISTIINA OJULANDI VISIIT TÜRGISSE EESTI VABARIIGI TÜRGI SAATKONNA AVAMINE. EESTI VÄLISMINISTER KRISTIINA OJULANDI VISIIT TÜRGISSE. TÜRGI VÄLISMINISTRI JA TÜRGI PEAMINISTRI KOHUSETÄITJA ABDULLAH GÜLI VISIIT EESTISSE. ASUTATAKSE EESTI-TÜRGI SÕPRUSÜHING, MILLE ESIMEHEKS VALITAKSE GALIP İLTER. TALLINNA PEDAGOOGIKAÜLIKOOLIS TOIMUB EESTI JA TÜRGI ÕPETLASTE JA KULTUURITEGELASTE ÜMARLAUD TEEMAL EESTI-TÜRGI AKADEEMILISED JA KULTUURILISED SUHTED LAIENEVAS EUROOPAS" EESTI PRESIDENT ARNOLD RÜÜTLI VISIIT TÜRGISSE. RIIGIKOGU EESTI-TÜRGI PARLAMENDIGRUPI VISIIT TÜRGISSE EESTI VÄLISMINISTER URMAS PAETI VISIIT TÜRGISSE. TÜRGI RAHVUSASSAMBLEE TÜRGI-EESTI PARLAMENDIRÜHMA VISIIT EESTISSE. TÜRGI RAHVUSASSAMBLEE ASESPIIKER ISMAIL ALPTEKIN OSALEB ENPA KONVERENTSIL EESTIS. TALLINNAS TOIMUVAD TÜRGI EESTI SAATKONNA JA TÜRGI-EESTI-LÄTI-LEEDU SÕPRUSE ASSOTSIATSIOONI POOLT ORGANISEERITUD TÜRGI KULTUURI PÄEVAD. TOOMAS HENDRIK ILVES VALITAKSE EESTI VABARIIGI PRESIDENDIKS ABDULLAH GÜL VALITAKSE TÜRGI VABARIIGI PRESIDENDIKS. EESTIS ILMUB AASTA NOBELI KIRJANDUSPREEMIA LAUREAADI ORHAN PAMUKI ROMAAN LUMI" LY SEPPEL-EHINI TÕLKES EESTI PEAMINISTER ANDRUS ANSIPI VISIIT TÜRGISSE. TÜRGI VÄLISMINISTER ALI BABACANI VISIIT EESTISSE. JÕUSTUB LEPING VIISANÕUETE KAOTAMISE KOHTA EESTI KODANIKELE. TÜRGI VABARIIGI PRESIDENT ABDULLAH GÜLI AMETLIK VISIIT EESTISSE. 6

7 KAHEPOOLSED LEPINGUD EESTI JA TÜRGI VAHEL BILATERAL AGREEMENTS BETWEEN ESTONIA AND TURKEY 1. Eesti-Türgi sõprusleping (sõlmiti: , jõustus: ) 2. Kaubandus- ja laevandusleping (allkirjastati: , jõustus: ) 3. Ajutine maksete õiendamis-leping (nootide vahetus) (allkirjastati: , jõustus: ) 4. Kaubandus- ja laevandusleping (allkirjastati: , jõustus: ) 5. Nootide vahetus seoses Kaubandus- ja laevanduslepingu lisaga (allkirjastati: , ) 6. Kliiringleping (allkirjastati: , jõustus: ) 7. Kaubandus- ja kliiringleping (allkirjastati: , jõustus: ) 8. Kirjavahetus seoses Kaubandus- ja kliiringlepingu parandusega (allkirjastati: , jõustus: ) 9. Sõpruse ja koostöö leping (sõlmiti: , jõustus: ) 10. Kaubandus- ja majanduskoostöö leping (sõlmiti: , jõustus ) 11. Militaarvallas haridus-, tehnika- ja teadusalase koostöö kokkulepe (allkirjastati: , jõustus: ) 12. Rahvusvaheline maanteeveo kokkulepe (allkirjastati: , jõustus: ) 13. Kokkulepe turismialasest koostööst (allkirjastati: , jõustus: ) 14. Leping vastastikuste viisanõuete kaotamise kohta diplomaatiliste passide omanikele (allkirjastati: , jõustus: ) 15. Välisministeeriumide vaheline koostöö protokoll (jõustus: ) 16. Tollivõimude vastastikuse abistamise kokkulepe (allkirjastati: , jõustus: ) 17. Vabakaubandusleping (allkirjastati: , jõustus: ) (Tühistatud 1. mail 2004 seoses Eesti astumisega Euroopa Liitu) 18. Investeeringute vastastikuse soodustamise ja kaitse leping (allkirjastati: , jõustus: ) 19. Kultuuri-, haridus-, teadus- ja spordialase koostöö kokkulepe (allkirjastati: , jõustus: ) 20. Leping narkootiliste ja psühhotroopsete ainete ebaseadusliku äri ja kuritarvitamise ning terrorismi ja organiseeritud kuritegevuse vastase võitluses (allkirjastati: , jõustus: ) 21. Kaitsekoostöökokkulepe (allkirjastati: , jõustus: ) 22. Salastatud teabe kaitse kokkulepe (jõustus: ) 23. Lennunduskokkulepe (allkirjastati: , jõustus: ) 24. Tulumaksudega topeltmaksustamise vältimise ning maksudest hoidumise tõkestamise leping (allkirjastati: , jõustus: ) 25. Kultuuri-, haridus-, teadus-, noorsoo -ja spordikoostööprogramm (allkirjastati: , jõustus: ) 26. Diplomaatiliste nootide vahetus seoses muudatustega lepingusse vastastikuste viisanõuete kaotamise kohta diplomaatiliste passide omanikele, viisavabastus Türgi teenistus- ja eripasside omanikele ja Eesti tavapasside omanikele (allkirjastati: , , jõustus: ) 7

8 KÕRGETASEMELISED VISIIDID EESTI JA TÜRGI VAHEL HIGH LEVEL VISITS BETWEEN ESTONIA AND TURKEY PRESIDENTIDE VISIIDID detsember 1993 president Lennart Meri riigivisiit Türgisse juuni 1997 president Süleyman Demireli riigivisiit Eestisse oktoober 1998 president Lennart Meri riigivisiit Türgisse aprill 2002 president Ahmet Necdet Sezeri riigivisiit Eestisse september 2005 president Arnold Rüütli riigivisiit Türgisse oktoober 2008 president Abdullah Güli ametlik visiit Eestisse PARLAMENTIDE ESIMEESTE VISIIDID jaanuar 1997 Riigikogu esimehe Toomas Savi visiit Türgisse PEAMINISTRITE VISIIDID november 1999 peaminister Mart Laar koos välisminister Toomas Hendrik Ilvesega OSCE tippkohtumisel Istanbulis juuni 2004 peaminister Juhan Parts NATO Istanbuli tippkohtumisel märts 2008 peaminister Andrus Ansipi visiit Türgisse VÄLISMINISTRITE VISIIDID juuni 1994 välisminister Jüri Luik NATO ja NACCi välisministrite kohtumisel Istanbulis juuli 1994 välisminister Hikmet Çetini visiit Eestisse oktoober 1995 välisminister Riivo Sinijärve visiit Türgisse juuni 2000 väliminister İsmail Cemi visiit Eestisse oktoober 2001 välisminister Toomas Hendrik Ilvese visiit Türgisse august 2003 välisminister Kristiina Ojulandi visiit Türgisse aprill 2004 välisminister Kristiina Ojulandi visiit Türgisse juuni 2004 välisminister Kristiina Ojuland koos kaitseminister Margus Hansoni ja kaitseväe juhataja Tarmo Kõutsiga NATO tippkohtumisel Istanbulis september 2004 välisminister ja asepeaminister Abdullah Güli visiit Eestisse aprill 2006 välisminister Urmas Paeti visiit Türgisse juuni 2008 välisminister Ali Babacani visiit Eestisse 8

9 ISESEISVUSSÕJAD JA PARLAMENTIDE AVAMINE INDEPENDENCE WARS AND THE OPENING OF NATIONAL ASSEMBLIES Eesti ja Türgi vabaduspüüdlused toimusid samal ajajärgul. Eesti Vabadussõda kestis aastatel , Türgis aga Eesti Asutava Kogu avaistung toimus Estonia kontserdisaalis 23. aprillil 1919, Türgi Rahvusassamblee tuli kokku täpselt samal kuupäeval kõigest 1 aasta hiljem, Vabadussõda. Kalevlaste Maleva valvetõke ühes Virumaa külas. Veebruar Independence War: guards of Kalevlaste Malev in a village in Virumaa province, Estonia; February Foto: tundmatu (Filmiarhiiv) Photo: unknown (Estonian Film Archives) Vabadussõda. Kalevlaste Maleva võitlejad Petseris Independence War. Soldiers of Kalevlaste Malev in Petseri Foto: tundmatu (Filmiarhiiv) Photo: unknown (Estonian Film Archives) Kolonel Mustafa Kemal (vasakult 3.) ja tema ohvitserid, Colonel Mustafa Kemal (3rd from left) and his officers, Vastuhakkamine Anatoolias. Resistance in Anatolia. Päevaleht,

10 ISESEISVUSSÕJAD JA PARLAMENTIDE AVAMINE INDEPENDENCE WARS AND THE OPENING OF NATIONAL ASSEMBLIES Võitlus Aasia väravail. Battles at the gates of Asia. Vaba Maa, Uus nimi raiub end maailma ajalukku. Kolonel Mustafa Kemal inglaste võitja Dardanellide all. New name making its way to world history. Colonel Mustafa Kemal defeater of the British at the Dardanelles. Päevaleht,

11 ISESEISVUSSÕJAD JA PARLAMENTIDE AVAMINE INDEPENDENCE WARS AND THE OPENING OF NATIONAL ASSEMBLIES 1. lennuväepolgu lennuväli, Çanakkale Airfield of the 1st Air Force Regiment, Çanakkale Türgi rahu. Peace for Turkey. Postimees Poliitika ringvaade rahutingimused Türgimaaga. Political review conditions of peace for Turkey. Postimees,

12 ISESEISVUSSÕJAD JA PARLAMENTIDE AVAMINE INDEPENDENCE WARS AND THE OPENING OF NATIONAL ASSEMBLIES Asutava Kogu avaistung Estonia kontserdisaalis, 23. aprillil Opening session of the Estonian Constituent Assembly (Asutav Kogu) in the Estonia Concert Hall on April 23, Foto / photo: Parikas Atatürk ja Türgi Suure Rahvusassamblee (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi) avamine 23. aprillil Atatürk and the opening of Turkish National Assembly (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi) on April 23,

13 EESTI-TÜRGI SUHETE ALGUS JA EESTI TÜRGI SÕPRUSLEPING (1924) BEGINNING OF ESTONIAN-TURKISH RELATIONS AND THE ESTONIAN-TURKISH TREATY OF FRIENDSHIP (1924) Esimest diplomaatiliste suhete alustamise katset Türgiga märgib 12. veebruaril 1921 Eesti Vabariigi Valitsuse delegaadi Osmani riigi viimasele välisministrile İzzet pașale ( ) saadetud kiri, milles tehakse ettepanek sõlmida kahe riigi vahel diplomaatilised suhted. Pole teada, kas kirjale vastati. Sel ajal olid Türgi tuleviku tegelikud kujundajad Türgi iseseisvuslased. Osmani Sultanaadi likvideerisid Türgi iseseisvuslased aastal ning Türgi Vabariik kuulutati välja 29. oktoobril aastal. Eesti Vabariigi ja Türgi Vabariigi suhete alguseks võib pidada Eesti tunnistamist de jure Türgi poolt 23. jaanuaril Türgi valitsuse ametliku teadaande Eesti tunnustamise kohta andis Eesti Venemaa saadikule üle Türgi Venemaa saadik 8. märtsil Diplomaatiliste suhete loomisele järgnes sõpruslepingu sõlmimine kahe riigi vahel 1. detsembril 1924 Varssavis. Ettepaneku sõpruslepingu sõlmimiseks tegi tegi Türgi Poola saadik Talu Bey Eesti Poola saadik J. Leppikule. Sellest teatatakse Eesti välisministri Karl Robert Pusta 5. novembril 1924 Eesti valitsusele saadetud kirjas. Sõpruslepingule kirjutasid alla mõlema riigi Poola saadikud. Ühe punktina nägi sõprusleping ette diplomaatilist esindatust teises lepinguosalises riigis ning oli aluseks Türgi diplomaatilise esinduse loomisele Baltimaades asukohaga Riias ning Eesti Peakonsulaadi loomisele Istanbulis, mõlemad aastal. Eesti ajalehtedest reageerisid Eesti diplomaatilisele tunnustamisele Türgi poolt kõige elavamalt Päevaleht, mis lisaks teatele trükkis ära pika ülevaate M. Kemali elust, ning Vaba Maa, milles Türgis elanud dr Liin analüüsib Türgi eluolu, türklaste psühholoogiat ning M. Kemali tähendust Türgile ja türklastele. Sõprusleping äratas kõige suuremat vastukaja Päevalehes, mis avaldas sõpruslepingu ratifitseerimise järel Eesti parlamendis 8. juulil 1925 analüüsi kahe maa majanduslikest suhetest. Eesti-Türgi sõprusleping, sõlmitud 1. detsembril 1924 Varssavis. Estonian Turkish Treaty of Friendship, signed December 1, 1924 in Warsaw. 13

14 EESTI-TÜRGI SUHETE ALGUS JA EESTI TÜRGI SÕPRUSLEPING (1924) BEGINNING OF ESTONIAN-TURKISH RELATIONS AND THE ESTONIAN-TURKISH TREATY OF FRIENDSHIP (1924) De jure Türgilt. De jure recognition of Estonia by Turkey. Vaba Maa, Eesti välisministri Robert Pusta kiri valitsusele, kus ta teatab, et Türgi suursaadik Varssavis on teinud ettepaneku Eesti suursaadikule Varssavis sõlmida sõprusleping, 5. november Letter of Minister of Foreign Affairs Robert Pusta to the Government of Estonia announcing that the Turkish Ambassador in Warsaw has made a proposal to the Estonian Ambassador in Warsaw to enter a treaty of friendship, November 5,

15 EESTI-TÜRGI SUHETE ALGUS JA EESTI TÜRGI SÕPRUSLEPING (1924) BEGINNING OF ESTONIAN-TURKISH RELATIONS AND THE ESTONIAN-TURKISH TREATY OF FRIENDSHIP (1924) Riigikogu ratifitseeris Eesti-Türgi vahelise sõpruslepingu 19. juunil, Majandusliku läbikäimise võimalused arutamisel. The Estonian-Turkish Treaty of Friendship ratified by the Estonian Parliament on June 19, Assessment of possibilities of economic relations. Päevaleht, Türgi valitsuse teadaanne Eesti Vabariigi tunnustamisest 23. jaanuaril 1924 anti üle Eesti saadikule Moskvas Ado Birgile 10. märtsil Turkey recognized the Republic of Estonia on January 23, The communique of the Turkish government was presented to the Estonian Ambassador in Moscow Ado Birk on March 10, Päevaleht,

16 EESTI-TÜRGI SUHETE ALGUS JA EESTI TÜRGI SÕPRUSLEPING (1924) BEGINNING OF ESTONIAN-TURKISH RELATIONS AND THE ESTONIAN-TURKISH TREATY OF FRIENDSHIP (1924) Mustafa Kemal Päevaleht, Eesti Vabariigi valitsuse delegaadi kiri Osmani riigi välisminister İzzet pașale, ettepanekuga sõlmida Eesti ja Türgi vahel diplomaatilised suhted 12. veebruaril Letter from the delegate of the Republic of Estonia to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Ottoman Empire, İzzet Pasha, proposing to establish diplomatic relations between Turkey and Estonia, February 12,

17 RIIGIJUHTIDE KIRJAD LETTERS FROM THE HEADS OF STATE Teadaolevalt saatsid Eesti riigi juhid Jaan Tõnisson ja Konstantin Päts Türgi riigi juhile Mustafa Kemal Atatürgile kokku kolm kirja ning said ka temalt sama arvu kirju. Peamiselt olid need ametlikud kirjad, milles teavitati presidendiks valimisest või vastati teatele presidendiks valimisest. Ent leidub ka üks erakiri, mis on kirjutatud praktilisel kaalutlusel. Oma teise- ja neljandakordsest Türgi Vabariigi presidendiks valimisest teavitas M. Kemal eesti riigivanemaid J. Tõnissoni ja K. Pätsi vastavalt 21. novembril 1927 ja 2. märtsil Eesti riigivanemate vastused on dateeritud 22. oktoobriga 1928 ning 28. juuniga aprillil 1938 informeerib K. Päts omakorda enda valimisest Eesti Vabariigi presidendiks. 18. märtsil 1931 saatis Türgi riigipeale kirja Eesti riigivanem K. Päts, kes palus kirja üleandmisel M. Kemalile rõhutada, et see on allkirjastatud tema poolt mitte riigivanema, vaid Eesti-Soome-Ungari Liidu esimehena. Kirjas taotletakse kas Türgi saatkonna asutamist Tallinnas või Riias resideeruva Türgi diplomaatilise esinduse ületoomist Tallinna. Selleks rõhutatakse eestlaste ja türklaste ühist turaani päritolu. K. Pätsi kiri ei jäänud tulemuseta. 7. mail 1931 informeeris Türgi välisministeeriumi alamsekretär Türgi diplomaatilist asjurit I. Osmanit, et saatkonna loomine võetakse kaalumisele esimese võimaluse ilmnemisel, ja palus kirjutada sellekohase vastuse. K. Pätsi kirjal võis olla mõju Tallinna määramisel Türgi Balti riikide saatkonna alaliseks asupaigaks. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Raamat Atatürk ja välisriikide presidendid Bilal N. S ims ir. "Atatürk and Foreign Presidents" Bilal N. S ims ir. 12. märtsil 1935 saadetud kirjas andis Türgi president M. Kemal Eesti presidendile K. Pätsile teada, et on akrediteerinud Türgi saadiku Skandinaaviamaades Ragip Raifi ka Türgi saadikuks Eestis. Siiski määrati septembris 1935 Eestis resideeruvaks Türgi saadikuks Nuri Batu. Konstantin Päts Jaan Tõnisson 17

18 RIIGIJUHTIDE KIRJAD LETTERS FROM THE HEADS OF STATE Konstantin Pätsi õnnitluskiri Mustafa Kemal Atatürgile presidendiks taasvalimise puhul. Congratulatory letter from Konstantin Päts to Mustafa Kemal Atatürk on the occasion of his re-election as president. Jaan Tõnissoni õnnitluskiri Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atatürgile presidendiks taasvalimise puhul. Congratulatory letter from Jaan Tõnisson to Mustafa Kemal Atatürk on the occasion of re-election as president. 18

19 RIIGIJUHTIDE KIRJAD LETTERS FROM THE HEADS OF STATE Paneel Atatürgi Mausoleumis Ankaras, kus on kujutatud riigijuhte, kellega Atatürk oli kirjavahetuses. Eesti Vabariigi riigivanem Jaan Tõnisson alumises reas, paremalt teine. Panel from the Mausoleum of Atatürk in Ankara depicting some of the Heads of State with whom Atatürk corresponded. Head of State of Estonia Jaan Tõnisson on the last row, 2nd from the right. 19

20 RIIGIJUHTIDE KIRJAD LETTERS FROM THE HEADS OF STATE Kiri Mustafa Kemalilt Jaan Tõnissonile, kus ta teatab oma taasvalimisest Türgi Vabariigi Presidendiks, 21. novembril Letter from Mustafa Kemal to Jaan Tõnisson informing of his re-election as President of the Republic of Turkey, November 21, No. 36 Gazi Mustafa Kemalilt, Türgi Presidendilt, Eesti Vabariigi Presidendile, Tema Kõrgus Härra Jaan Tõnissonile Minu Väga Armastatud ja Austatud Tõeline Sõber; Teatan Teie Presidentlikule Kõrgusele, et Ankaras 1. novembril kogunenud Türgi Suur Rahvuskogu on oma koosolekul hääletuse teel valinud mind teist korda Türgi Vabariigi Presidendiks ja põhiseadusega antavatest volitustest lähtuvalt olen asunud taas võimu teostama. Teavitades Teie Presidentlikku Kõrgust valimise toimumisest, kasutan juhust kinnitamaks, et annan kogu oma jõu Türgi ja Eesti vahel õnnestunult loodud suhete ja sõpruse jätkuvaks hoidmiseks ja süvendamiseks ning teatan, et olen õnnelik, saades selle eesmärgi teostamisel osa Teie Presidentliku Kõrguse hindamatust toetusest. Selles veendumuses, Minu Väga Armastatud ja Austatud Tõeline Sõber, palun võtta vastu minu kõrged tunded ja austus Teie Presidentliku Kõrguse suhtes ja usaldada minu soove nii Teie Presidentliku Kõrguse isikliku õnne kui ka Eesti rahva heaolu ja õitsengu suhtes. Kiri on koostatud Ankaras, tuhande üheksasaja kahekümne seitsmenda aasta kahekümne esimesel novembril. Välisminister Doktor Tevfik Rüs tü GAZI. M. KEMAL 20

21 RIIGIJUHTIDE KIRJAD LETTERS FROM THE HEADS OF STATE Konstantil Pätsi kiri Eesti-Soome-Ungari Liidu esimehena Mustafa Kemalile, kus ta palub Türgi saatkonna avamist Tallinnas, viidates eestlaste ja türklaste sugulusele 18. märtsil The letter from Konstantin Päts in the capacity of President of the Estonian-Finnish- Hungarian Association to Mustafa Kemal requesting the opening of an Embassy of the Republic of Turkey in Tallinn referring to the kinship of Estonian and Turkish peoples, March 18, 1931 K. Päts, Eesti-Soome-Ungari Liidu esimees ja Eesti Vabariigi president, Tema Ekstsellentsile Türgi Vabariigi presidendile Gazi Mustafa Kemalile Eesti-Soome-Ungari Liidul, mis taotleb turaani rahvaste kultuurilist lähendamist, on au pöörduda Teie Ekstsellentsi poole järgneva avaldusega. Türgi Vabariik asutas aastal kolmes Balti riigis ühise saatkonna, asukohaga Riias. See samm valmistas eesti rahvale palju rõõmu, kuna märkis Türgi-poolset sõbralikku akti, mille läbi tekib kultuuriline lähedus eesti ja temaga suguluses oleva türgi rahva vahel. Ometi on Türgi saatkonna töö Baltimaades, mis on rassilt, keelelt ja kultuurilt erinevad, praegustes poliitilistes ja majanduslikes tingimustes nii suur ja mitmetahuline, et saadikul on raske pühendada Riiast Türgi ja Eesti kultuurilisele lähendamisele piisavat tähelepanu. Seetõttu oleks meie arvates äärmiselt soovitav, kui Eesti jaoks loodaks eraldi saatkond, asukohaga Tallinnas. Juhuks, kui see peaks erinevatel põhjustel osutuma teostumatuks, oleks soovitav praegune saatkond Riiast Tallinnasse üle tuua. Sel juhul saaks edendada meie suguluses olevate rahvaste kultuurilist ja keelelist lähendamist suurema intensiivsusega. Kuna praegune Türgi saadik Baltimaades, hr. Ibrahim Osman, on meile tuntud kui filoloogilistes ja kultuurilistes küsimustes kõrgesti haritud isik, kes on turaani rahvaste kultuurilise lähenemise küsimuste vastu alati üles näidanud elavat huvi, valmistaks meile rõõmu tervitada teda Tallinnas kui Türgi saadikut. Eesti-Soome-Ungari Liit väljendab seega lootust, et Teie Ekstsellents leiab võimaluse võtta ülalmainitud küsimus sõbralikule kaalumisele ja palub Teid, hr. president ja Gazi, võtta vastu kinnitus kõrgeimast austusest. Tallinn, 18/III/1931 K. PÄTS Eesti-Soome-Ungari Liidu esimees From K. Päts, the President of Estonian-Finnish-Hungarian Association and the President of the Republic of Estonia, to His Excellency Gazi Mustafa Kemal, the President of the Republic of Turkey The Estonian-Finnish-Hungarian Association that seeks to culturally integrate Turan nations has the honour to turn to Your Excellency with the following petition. The Republic of Turkey established a common embassy for the three Baltic countries with located in Riga. This step delighted Estonian people greatly, as it marks a friendly act from Turkish side which brings culturally closer the Estonians and our kindred Turkish nation. However, the work of the Turkish Embassy in the Baltic countries, which greatly differ in race, language and culture under the present political and economic conditions and is so multi-faceted that it would be difficult for the Ambassador to dedicate sufficient attention to bringing Turkey and Estonia culturally closer from Riga. Thus, we are of the opinion that establishing a separate embassy for Estonia, located in Tallinn, would be an highly recommended matter. In case it would turn out to be unrealizable for various reasons, it would be recommendable to transfer the present embassy from Riga to Tallinn. In that way we could intensify promoting the cultural and linguistic integration between our kindred peoples. As the present Turkish Ambassador in the Baltic countries, Mr. Ibrahim Osman, is known to us as a highly educated person in philological and cultural matters, who has always shown keen interest in the issues of integrating Turan nations, we would gladly welcome him in Tallinn as the Ambassador of Turkey. Thus, the Estonian-Finnish-Hungarian Association expresses its hope that Your Excellency finds an opportunity to take the above mentioned issue under friendly consideration and asks You, Mr President and Gazi, to accept our assurance of the highly deep respect. Tallinn, 18/III/1931 K. PÄTS The President of Estonian-Finnish-Hungarian Association 21

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