ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROCESS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS (WWTP)
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1 Presented By: Abraham Jacob/ Subit Chandran Operations Manager/ Environmental Consultant The Environmental Consulting Bureau
2 Presentation Outline Environmental Concerns of WWTP Operations Legal Requirements for Environmental Impact Assessments in Saudi Arabia (PME Requirements) The EIA Process Screening & Initial Scoping Study Environmental Impact Assessment Alternatives to the Project Review and Decision Making Typical EIA Report Content (Comparison of Minimum Content for EIA Reports prescribed by PME and Saudi Aramco)
3 TYPICAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS FROM WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS
4 ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS GOVERNING EIAs FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATORY FRAMEWORK IN KSA MINISTERIAL COUNCIL FOR ENVIRONMENT PRESIDENCY OF METEOROLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT ROYAL COMMISSION FOR JUBAIL AND YANBU OTHER MINISTRIES Presidency of Meteorology and Environment Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu Other Agencies issuing regulations and standards in consultation with PME: Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Water Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs National Commission for Wildlife Conservation and Development King Abdul Aziz City for Science and Technology
5 ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS GOVERNING EIAs FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS PRESIDENCY OF METEOROLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT Final Environmental Regulatory Authority in the Kingdom Prescribes Environmental Regulatory Requirements for Existing and Planned Projects in the Kingdom Presidency of Meteorology and Environment Released the Executive Regulations Released in 2002 applicable to all industries and projects in the Kingdom Regulations includes requirements for Environmental Service Providers (i.e. Wastewater Treatment Plants, Landfills, etc)
6 ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS GOVERNING EIAs FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS PRESIDENCY OF METEOROLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT REQUIREMENTS GOVERNING EIAs for WWTP Permit Application and Environmental Approvals Requirements for EIAs are in Appendix 2 of PME s Executive Regulations of 2002 Requirements for Environmental Approvals to Operate a WWTP are stated in Appendix 3 of PME s Executive Regulations of 2002 Discharge Standards Direct Discharge and Pre-Treatment Standards are provided in Appendix 1 of PME s Executive Regulations of 2002 Other Requirements include those stated in the Articles and Appendices - for Health & Safety, Dust Control, Soil and Groundwater Protection, Waste Management, etc)
7 ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS GOVERNING EIAs FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS PRESIDENCY OF METEOROLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT REQUIREMENTS GOVERNING EIAs for WWTP OVERVIEW OF EIA REQUIREMENTS STATED IN APPENDIX 2 Projects Classification based on: Nature of the Project Size of the Project Location Use of Natural Resources Expected Impacts Category 1: No Negative Impact Ex. Expansion of Drainage System by < 10% Submit Category I Application using an agency approved by PME Category 2: Significant Impacts generally contained within the site but requires an Environmental Evaluation Ex. Expansion of Building, Modification of Pipelines etc Submit Category 2 Application using an agency approved by PME Category 3: Significant Negative Impacts Requires a Comprehensive EIA Study Ex. Major WWTP Expansion, Marine Outfalls, Dredging etc. Conduct EIA using an agency approved by PME
8 ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS GOVERNING EIAs FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS PRESIDENCY OF METEOROLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT WWTP TREATMENT AND DISCHARGE STANDARDS (APPENDIX 1) Direct Discharge: Applicable for Discharge to a Water Body Standards Provided in Table 13 of Appendix 1 Standards include Phsiochemical (TSS), Organic (COD, BOD), Non Organic (Metals) and Biological Parameters (Coliform) Pre-Treatment: Applicable for Discharge to a WWTP Standards Provided in Table 14 of Appendix 1 Standards include Phsiochemical (TSS), Organic (COD) and Non Organic (Metals) Receiving Water Guidelines: Applicable for Receiving Water Bodies Standards provided in Table 12 of Appendix 1 5% Allowable Change from Baseline Conditions
9 ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS GOVERNING EIAs FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS PME s s Wastewater Treatment & Discharge Envtl. Protection Standards, Requirements, & Guidelines for WWTP Appendix 3 Manual of Environmental Rehabilitation Procedures: Wastewater Treatment Manual of requirements for the treatment of wastewater including industrial drainage & groundwater treatment Submit Application with Supporting Documents (includes EIA Report) Obtain Certificate of Approval from PME
10 The Typical EIA Process for WWTP Client Contracts A Third Party for EIA Regulators Screening and Initial Scoping Study Financers EIA Scope Approved Study Commissioned Local Community Detailed Project Understanding Review of Regulations & Standards Existing Conditions & Baseline Assessments Assessment of Environmental Effects (Localized & Cumulative, Could Extend to Alternatives) Interested Parties Mitigation and Control Measures (Alternatives) EIA Review and Decision Making (Usually managed by the Regulator may involve Interested parties)
11 The EIA Process for WWTP Screening and Initial EIA Scoping Study: What is the purpose of the Project? Why is this Project required? What does the Project involve? What are the environmental concerns? What environmental receptors could be affected? Screening and Scoping involves an Initial Project Review to determine: Project Components Documentation Gaps Client and/or contractor requirements and concerns Concerns of Interested Parties Environmental Receptors likely to be affected Requirements for Field Surveys and Assessments Modelling Requirements Etc, Are there any alternatives to the Project?
12 The EIA Process for WWTP Output from the Screening and Initial EIA Scoping Study: EIA Purpose & Objectives Planning & Developing appropriate EIA strategy & phases Identifying and appropriately assessing the impact(s) considering the environmental concerns EIA Reporting Mechanism Outline Initial Screening and Scoping allows for: 1. Narrowing down the range of issues 2. Setting Priorities 3. Preparing the Terms of Reference for the EIA
13 The EIA Process for WWTP Review of Project Specifications: Design Standards & Components of existing STP s/outfall Channel & proposed project(s) Project Schedule & Justification Alternatives Output: Detailed Project Descriptions A comprehensive Project Description allows the assessors and reviewers to better understand the Project and assess the impacts!
14 The EIA Process for WWTP Baseline & Existing Environment: Site/Location Existing environmental conditions at STP/ETP sites a: Climate Air Quality Oceanography Geology & Soils Seawater Quality Ecological baseline Socio-Economic Conditions Existing Conditions to be determined by: Document Reviews Field Surveys Consultations
15 The EIA Process for WWTP Typical environmental media/receptors that may be affected by WWTP (Construction and Operation): Air Quality Surface & Groundwater Soil Vegetation & Fauna Local Population & Land Use All receptors may not necessarily be equally affected. The initial scoping study would help identify primary and secondary concerns
16 The EIA Process for WWTP Typical environmental media/receptors and/or concerns from Marine Outfall Discharge: Outfall Construction: Oceanography (bathymetry alterations) Seawater Quality (pipe laying, spills) Shoreline Ecology (mangroves) Marine Ecology (sea grass beds, fish resources) Outfall Discharge: Seawater Quality (Dispersion Modelling) Shoreline & Marine Ecology (mangroves, planktons, sub-tidal benthos, sea grass beds, fish resources) Raw Sewage Discharge (Emergency)
17 The EIA Process for WWTP Assessment of Impacts: Marine Discharge Dispersion Modelling (Applications) Plume Direction and Dilutions Comparative Assessment of Outfalls
18 The EIA Process for WWTP Assessment of Impacts: Construction & Operation phase Impact Assessment using following guidelines: Operating Condition Spatial Extent Duration PME Regulations or Stds. Inter-Relationships Cumulative Effects Assessment Criteria is Project Specific and is typically established during the Scoping Study
19 The EIA Process for WWTP Assessment of Impacts: Cumulative Impacts USE EPA Definition: the impacts on the environment, which result from the incremental impact of the action when added to other past, present and reasonably foreseeable future actions regardless of what agency Example 1: Marine Reclamation & Dredging Multiple Shoreline Reclamation Projects along the Arabian Gulf Coast Each Project EIA concludes effects are localized Cumulative Assessment shows significant negative environmental effects from multiple projects Negative Effects include large scale loss of marine habitat Example 2: Multiple ETP Effluent Discharge Discharges from several ETP/STP Outfalls in the region Dispersion Modeling predicts 5-10% increase in ambient conditions for each outfall Cumulative Assessment shows ambient conditions are significant rising Negative Effects include increased nutrients in water leading to eutrophication
20 The EIA Process for WWTP Environmental Management Plans (EMP s) & Alternatives: Mitigation, Control, or Monitoring Programs STP/ETP: Air Quality Surface & Groundwater Geology & Soils Flora & Fauna Marine Outfall: Inter-tidal Zone Marine Resources: Outfall Design Waste Management Sea grass beds & Fish resources Local Population On-Site SHE Waste Management Emergencies
21 Environmental Impact Assessment (Minimum Content for Reports) Introduction EIA Purpose, Objectives and Methodology Project Description (Objectives, Schedules, Justification, Components, Alternatives) Policy and Legal Framework Existing Environmental Conditions (Air, Water, Soil and Groundwater, Flora and Fauna, Socio Economic Conditions, Land Use, etc) Identification and Assessment of Environmental Impacts (Positive, Negative, Cumulative, Residual, Long Term, Short Term, etc) Analysis of Alternatives Mitigation Plan Environmental Monitoring Plans Training Requirements Conclusion (Based on PME Regulations of 2002 and Saudi Aramco s SAEP 13 Procedure)
22 Concluding Remarks The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process - NOT JUST A REPORT The Environmental Impact Assessment is not a road block but rather the road itself! A useful Environmental Impact Assessment is always done in the early stages of Project Planning NOT AS A PERMIT FORMALITY
23 THANK YOU
24 Presented By: Abraham Jacob/ Subit Chandran Operations Manager/ Environmental Consultant The Environmental Consulting Bureau
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