CTA/ASTRI: stato, problemi, opportunita

Transcription

1 CTA/ASTRI: stato, problemi, opportunita Giovanni Pareschi INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera on behalf of the ASTRI Collaboration * 1

2 The current VHE status VERITAS (4x12m) MAGIC (2x17m) 4

3 The MAGIC telescopes Mirror diam. 17 m Coll. Area 240 m 2 Focal length 17.5 m FOV about 3 deg Ang res. (d90) < 3

4 TeV Sources Hinton & Hofmann, 2009 Hinton & Hofmann, 2009 (a) The current catalog of VHE g-ray sources plotted on the sky in Galactic coordinates. (b) The H.E.S.S. survey of the Galactic plane. 6

5 INAF Production Sequence for Mirrors Glass Gluing Panel Preparation Slumping & Curing

6 Succesfully implemented in MAGIC II! After 4 years still in very good conditions Being implemented also for MAGIC I

7 Severe environmental conditions!

8 CTA main goals CTA will consist of two arrays of Cherenkov telescopes, which aim to: increase sensitivity by 1 order of 1 TeV; boost significantly the detection area improve the angular resolution provide uniform energy coverage from some tens of GeV to beyond 100 TeV; enhance the sky survey capability, monitoring capability and flexibility of operation. 10

9 The CTA Concept Hofmann & Martinez, 2011, Exp. Astr., 32, 193 CTA plans the construction of about 100 telescopes divided in 3 kinds of configurations, in order to cover the energy range from a tens of GeV (Large Size Telescope, LST), to a tens of TeV (Medium Size Telescope, MST), and up to 100 TeV (Small Size Telescope, SST). 11

10 CTA for the European Union: the Preparatory Phase Construction cost [M ] Operations cost [M ] CTA E-ELT ELI FAIR KM3NeT SPIRAL Timescale PRINS SKA (GLOBAL)

11 CTA & SAIt

12 CTA & SAIt

13 CTA sensitivity M. Martinez, Zeuthen 2010 ASTRI 16

14 CTA data rights Hofmann & Martinez, 2011, Exp. Astr., 32, 193 Operated as an open Observatory. Peer-reviewed process on submitted proposal. Observations performed by Consortium experts. Foreseen legacy data (Galactic Plane, full-sky survey,...). 18

15 The CTA Consortium >25 Countries >132 Institutes >1000 Persons > 220 FTEs ITALY: 178 INAF: 127 Others (INFN + Univer.): 51

16 CTA organization for the implementation phase An interim legal entity for CTA will take over the consortium organization for 2 years with 2 M of central funds to administer It is required for site negotiations and site agreements, for In Kind Contributions agreements, and a variety of other steps site preparation and installation of first telescopes ASTRI mini-array European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC) organized for the final implementation after the first 2 years INAF aims to participate leading the implementation of the 70 SST array, delivering the mirrors for MST and hosting the CTA HQ 20

17 The ASTRI Project The ASTRI Program is an Italian Progetto Bandiera funded by MIUR 8 M. The main goal is the production, within the CTA framework and following its requirements, of both an end-to-end prototype of the CTA SST to be tested under field conditions in 2014, and a SST mini-array to be placed at the chosen CTA Southern Site during Also the development of the mirrors for the MST telescopes is an important goal. INAF is in charge of the design and production of the mirrors and the camera, the development of the end-to-end software, MC simulations and other related activities. INAF contributes with more than 21 FTE/year (end 2012) to the project (76 staff members) + 21 FTE/year (100%) of young researchers hired within the contract. The Project is subject to annual reviews by MIUR in order to review the status and allocate the budget according to the following scheme: 2011 (3 M ), 2012 (2 M ), 2013 (1.5 M ), and 2014 (1.3 M ). 21

18 The ASTRI Project Principal Investigator G. Pareschi Co-PIs O. Catalano & S. Vercellone Program Manager M. Fiorini System Engineer L. Stringhetti INAF/CTA Responsible P. Caraveo INAF Institutions IASF Milano, IASF Bologna, IASF Palermo INAF HQ Roma, OA Brera, OA Torino, OA Padova, OA Bologna, OA Arcetri, OA Roma, OA Capodimonte, OA Catania University Partners Univer. of Padova, Univer. of Perugia ASTRI SST-2M concept: a large (9.6 o ) field of view dual-mirror (Schwarschild-Couder) telescope; a light (~50 kg) and compact (~50x50x50 cm 3 ) camera based on Hamamatsu Si- PMTs. 25

19 The ASTRI Prototype Mirrors Mirrors main characteristics: Primary Mirror diameter: 4.3 m (tessellated) Secondary Mirror diameter: 1.8 m (monolithic) f/0.5 Equivalent focal length: 2150 mm Corrected FoV diameter: 9.6 o 26

20 The Prototype Primary Mirror (M1) off-axis aspherical profile obtained with the glass Cold-Shaping technology Physical Vapor Deposition of a multilayer of pure dielectric materials Triangle with mounting pins, 2 actuators, 1 fixed point, 1 tangential restrain, and the alignment system. 27

21 The ASTRI Prototype Camera Camera main characteristics: Detector type: monolithic MPPC array (SiPMs) Logical Pixel size: 6.2 mm x 6.2 mm [0.17 o ] Plate scale: 37.5 mm/ o Number of Pixels : 7936 Number of channels : 1984 (grouping 2 x 2 pixels) 29

22 The ASTRI Prototype Camera 1 ASTRI Focal Surface 37 PDMs FoV diameter = 9.6 o Size imposed by the manufacturer 1 Photon Detection Modul (PDM) = 4x4 Units 1 Unit 4x4 pixel 1px = 3mm x 3mm 30

23 The ASTRI Prototype Camera Mechanical housing drawing and 37 Photon Detection Modules mounted on the mechanical housing. SiPM 4x4 Board n.1 Photon Detection Module - Board n.2 Mock-up of the mechanical housing + PDMs and sketch of the ASTRI Camera with the Camera-Telescope I/F. First prototype of a 4x4 PDMs Mosaic with 3 SiPMs already mounted 31

24 INAF - Catania Astrophysical Observatory CTA & SAIt The "M. G. Fracastoro" Mountain Station - Serra La Nave (Mt. Etna) Altitude: 1735 m a.s.l. play.py?confid=303 Visited site on ETNA at which ASTRI prototype can be tested Longitude: +14 o 58.4; Latitude +37 o 41.5 ASTRI SST-2M Prototype The ASTRI SST-2M Prototype Site Fully operative INAF Observatory High-speed internet connection Mechanical & Electronics Labs 61cm Dome Domes 91cm Dome Guests House, Offices and Labs Main entrance An importan outreach program will be carried out by INAF in collaboration with the Etna Park 32

25 ASTRI Prototype Major Milestones ASTRI SST-2M Prototype April 2013 call for tenders on 4 ASTRI SST-2M structures [1 for the prototype and 3 for the mini-array phase 1] June 2014 ASTRI SST-2M Prototype in situ for scientific evaluation 33

26 Our goal is the deployment and the operation of a mini-array composed of a few SST-2M telescopes at the final CTA southern site. CTA & SAIt The ASTRI mini-array test concept An ancient concept... 34

27 Major Milestones ASTRI SST-2M mini-array CTA Southern site should be decided within the current milestone ASTRI mini-array re-assessment study Extension of the ASTRI mini-array [phase 2], and mini-array deployment phase. 35

28 Namibia Aar Argentina San Antonio de los Cobres Chile Cerro Armazones (Antofagasta) 36

29 ASTRI consortium CTA & SAIt Institutes and organizations participating in the miniarray University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa 300 keuro already approved Brasil 1500 keuro requested to the San Paulo local funding agency CHEC (Cherenkov High Energy Camera) UK consortium in kind contribution on cameras GATE SST group - Observatoire de Paris in kind contribution on structures University of Amsterdam pending proposal for in kind contribution CNEA, Argentina in kind contribution (international agreement Italia/Argentina) DESY (MST) MOU under finalization

30 INAF TRIO 38

31 South Africa INAF TRIO 39

32 INAF TRIO BRASILIAN TRIO South Africa 40

33 ASTRI MINI-ARRAY CTA & SAIt ASTRI miniarry expected performance Energy resolution: ~ 10 TeV (vs. 20 % di HAWC) Angular Resolution: TeV (improving with the energy) vs. 0.2 deg of HAWC Crab Exploration of the EHE regime of galactic sources 10% Crab Possibility of very long integrations on a sample of selected source 1% Crab Great improvement at low energies if also two or more MST are implemented! Not only a technology pathfinder but also very good science is possible when FERMI and SWIFT will be in operation!

34 Hinton & Vercellone, 2012 Vela X 30x10-12 RX J Vela Junior 10 HESS J HESS J HESS J HESS J HESS J1745/GC 2 HESS J HESS J HESS J HESS J LS Southern Hemisphere A few observable in pairs with ~9 degree FoV. Opportunity for serendipitous detections of new hard spectrum Galactic sources. 43

35 CTA & SAIt

36 5 SSTs + 2 MSTs = CTA seed Coupling the SSTs miniarray with 2 MSTs would constitute the first real CTA precursor. Dramatic boosting in performance. MST Team at DESY already contacted and willing to tighten the collaboration. 45

37 Next Steps Courtesy of R. Canestrari HMMM... 46

38 Next Steps Courtesy of R. Canestrari SST & MST 47

39 CTA & SAIt

40 Summary We plan to start the ASTRI SST-2M Prototype activities at Serra La Nave during Spring The ASTRI Prototype will allow us to test the main innovative components: the optical dual-mirror design and the SiPM-based focal plane. We are fully compliant w.r.t. the CTA requirements and we work on a day-by-day basis in collaboration with the CTA technical management. The SST mini-array will be a quantum-leap w.r.t. the ASTRI SST- 2M prototype performance, allowing us to validate several CTA array properties. 49

41 For more information: