Correcting run-on sentences and comma splices
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1 Run-on Sentences and Comma Splices Practice Figure 1. A Wordle collage of terms referenced in this Writing Center tutorial. Correcting run-on sentences and comma splices The sentences below contain errors, including run-on sentences and comma splices. For each sentence, please choose the answer below that shows the appropriate correction. When you are finished, please see Page 4 for the correct answers and explanations. 1. Every year, the Central High School drama club performs an award-winning play students, teachers, family members, and members of the community are invited. A. Every year, the Central High School drama club performs an awardwinning play; students, teachers, family members, and members of the community are invited. B. Every year, the Central High School drama club performs an awardwinning play and students, teachers, family members, and members of the community are invited. C. Every year, the Central High School drama club performs. An awardwinning play, students, teachers, family members and members of the community are invited. There are three common ways to correct run-on sentences: 1. Add a coordinating conjunction (aka, FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) and a comma. 2. Insert a semicolon between the two complete sentences. 3. Separate into two complete sentences. There are also three common ways to correct comma splices: 2. Before students can become members of the drama club, they must demonstrate general acting skills and they must audition before a committee. A. Before students can become members of the drama club. They must demonstrate general acting skills and they must audition before a committee. B. Before students can become members of the drama club, they must demonstrate general acting skills, and they must audition before a committee. C. Before students can become members of the drama club, they must demonstrate general acting skills, they must audition before a committee. 1. Add a coordinating conjunction. 2. Change the comma to a semicolon. 3. Separate into two complete sentences. KUWC Resource Library, Fundamentals Program Run-on Sentences & Comma Splices Practice March 2011 Page 1
2 3. Mary always enjoyed putting on plays with her little sister and brother so she was excited to audition for a leading role. A. Mary always enjoyed putting on plays with her little sister and brother. So she was excited B. Mary always enjoyed putting on plays with her little sister and brother; so she was excited C. Mary always enjoyed putting on plays with her little sister and brother, so she was excited 4. Mary has never auditioned before a committee before she was very nervous. A. Mary has never auditioned before a committee before and she was very nervous. B. Mary has never auditioned before a committee before, she was very nervous. C. Mary has never auditioned before a committee before, so she was very nervous. 5. The drama coach told her to take a deep breath and relax but she could only concentrate on the knots in her stomach. A. The drama coach told her to take a deep breath and relax, but she could only concentrate B. The drama coach told her to take a deep breath and relax; but she could only concentrate C. The drama coach told her to take a deep breath and relax but she could only concentrate. On the knots in her stomach. 6. After the audition, Mary worried that she had not done well but she was pleasantly surprised when she was chosen to be the lead actress for the drama club s upcoming play. A. After the audition, Mary worried that she had not done well; but she was pleasantly B. After the audition, Mary worried. That she had not done well but she was pleasantly C. After the audition, Mary worried that she had not done well, but she was pleasantly 7. Emily and Josh, Mary s best friends, also auditioned for the drama club they were selected to play supporting roles in the play. A. Emily and Josh, Mary s best friends, also auditioned for the drama club. They were selected to play supporting roles in the play. B. Emily and Josh, Mary s best friends, also auditioned for the drama club and they were selected to plays supporting roles in the play. C. Emily and Josh, Mary s best friends, also auditioned for the drama club, they were selected to play supporting roles in the play. KUWC Resource Library, Fundamentals Program Run-on Sentences & Comma Splices Practice March 2011 Page 2
3 8. The drama club s practices were held every Wednesday and Friday and Mary, Emily, and Josh attended each practice. A. The drama club s practices were held every Wednesday and Friday; and Mary, Emily, and Josh attended each practice. B. The drama club s practices were held every Wednesday and Friday, and Mary, Emily, and Josh attended each practice. C. The drama club s practices were held every Wednesday and Friday, Mary, Emily, and Josh attended each practice. 9. After each practice, the drama club members went to the local pizza parlor to discuss the upcoming play however, Mary stayed late to practice her lines. A. After each practice, the drama club members went to the local pizza parlor to discuss the upcoming play, however Mary stayed at the school to practice her lines. B. After each practice. The drama club members went to the local pizza parlor to discuss the upcoming play however Mary stayed at the school to practice her lines. C. After each practice, the drama club members went to the local pizza parlor to discuss the upcoming play; however, Mary stayed at the school to practice her lines. 10. As the performance date grew closer, the cast members became more excited, their annual play was always a hit in the community. A. As the performance date grew closer, the cast members became more excited and their B. As the performance date grew closer. The cast members became more excited, their annual play was always a hit in the community. C. As the performance date grew closer, the cast members became more excited; their annual play was always a hit in the community. KUWC Resource Library, Fundamentals Program Run-on Sentences & Comma Splices Practice March 2011 Page 3
4 Run-on Sentences and Comma Splices: Answers and Explanations The correct answers are highlighted below with explanations provided in bold. 1. Every year, the Central High School drama club performs an award winning play students, teachers, family members, and members of the community are invited. A. Every year, the Central High School drama club performs an award winning play; students, teachers, family members, and members of the community are invited. B. Every year, the Central High School drama club performs an award winning play and students, teachers, family members, and members of the community are invited. C. Every year, the Central High School drama club performs. An award winning play, students, teachers, family members and members of the community are invited. Explanation: Choice B adds the coordinating conjunction and, but without a comma, the sentence is still a run-on. In Answer C, the period is incorrectly placed. Answer A correctly combines two closely related sentences with a semicolon. 2. Before students can become members of the drama club, they must demonstrate general acting skills and they must audition before a committee. A. Before students can become members of the drama club. They must demonstrate general acting skills and they must audition before a committee. B. Before students can become members of the drama club, they must demonstrate general acting skills, and they must audition before a committee. C. Before students can become members of the drama club, they must demonstrate general acting skills, they must audition before a committee. Explanation: Answer A creates a sentence fragment: Before students can become members of the drama club. Answer C is a comma splice. Answer B is correct because the two sentences are combined using an appropriate conjunction ( and ) and a comma. 3. Mary always enjoyed putting on plays with her little sister and brother so she was excited to audition for a leading role. A. Mary always enjoyed putting on plays with her little sister and brother. So she was excited B. Mary always enjoyed putting on plays with her little sister and brother; so she was excited C. Mary always enjoyed putting on plays with her little sister and brother, so she was excited Explanation: Answer A is incorrect because the second sentence begins with a coordinating conjunction. In formal writing, sentences rarely begin with coordinating conjunctions. Answer B is incorrect because sentences cannot be joined with both a KUWC Resource Library, Fundamentals Program Run-on Sentences & Comma Splices Practice March 2011 Page 4
5 semicolon and a coordinating conjunction. Answer C is the correct choice because it uses a coordinating conjunction ( so ) with a comma. 4. Mary has never auditioned before a committee before she was very nervous. A. Mary has never auditioned before a committee before and she was very nervous. B. Mary has never auditioned before a committee before, she was very nervous. C. Mary has never auditioned before a committee before, so she was very nervous. Explanation: Sentence A adds a coordinating conjunction (and), but it is still a run-on sentence because the comma is missing. Sentence B is a comma splice. Sentence C corrects the run-on by combining the sentences with a comma and a coordinating conjunction ( so ). 5. The drama coach told her to take a deep breath and relax but she could only concentrate on the knots in her stomach. A. The drama coach told her to take a deep breath and relax, but she could only concentrate B. The drama coach told her to take a deep breath and relax; but she could only concentrate C. The drama coach told her to take a deep breath and relax but she could only concentrate. On the knots in her stomach. Explanation: Sentence B is not correct because the coordinating conjunction is not needed when a semicolon is used. Sentence C creates a sentence fragment: On the knots in her stomach. Sentence A successfully joins the sentences because it uses a comma and a coordinating conjunction ( but ). 6. After the audition, Mary worried that she had not done well but she was pleasantly surprised when she was chosen to be the lead actress for the drama club s upcoming play. A. After the audition, Mary worried that she had not done well; but she was pleasantly B. After the audition, Mary worried. That she had not done well but she was pleasantly C. After the audition, Mary worried that she had not done well, but she was pleasantly Explanation: Sentence A is not correct because it contains a semicolon and coordinating conjunction. In sentence B, the period is not placed in the correct place. Sentence C correctly combines the sentences using a coordinating conjunction ( but ) and a comma. KUWC Resource Library, Fundamentals Program Run-on Sentences & Comma Splices Practice March 2011 Page 5
6 7. Emily and Josh, Mary s best friends, also auditioned for the drama club they were selected to play supporting roles in the play. A. Emily and Josh, Mary s best friends, also auditioned for the drama club. They were selected to play supporting roles in the play. B. Emily and Josh, Mary s best friends, also auditioned for the drama club and they were selected to plays supporting roles in the play. C. Emily and Josh, Mary s best friends, also auditioned for the drama club, they were selected to play supporting roles in the play. Explanation: Answer B is still a run-on sentence because the coordinating conjunction (and) can not alone join two complete sentences. Choice C is a comma splice. Answer A correctly separates the sentences into two new sentences. 8. The drama club s practices were held every Wednesday and Friday and Mary, Emily, and Josh attended each practice. A. The drama club s practices were held every Wednesday and Friday; and Mary, Emily, and Josh attended each practice. B. The drama club s practices were held every Wednesday and Friday, and Mary, Emily, and Josh attended each practice. C. The drama club s practices were held every Wednesday and Friday, Mary, Emily, and Josh attended each practice. Explanation: Answer A uses a semicolon and the coordinating conjunction and to join the sentence. A semicolon alone would be correct, or a comma and the coordinating conjunction could be used (as in example B). Sentence C is a comma splice. 9. After each practice, the drama club members went to the local pizza parlor to discuss the upcoming play, however, Mary stayed late to practice her lines. A. After each practice, the drama club members went to the local pizza parlor to discuss the upcoming play, however Mary stayed at the school to practice her lines. B. After each practice. The drama club members went to the local pizza parlor to discuss the upcoming play however Mary stayed at the school to practice her lines. C. After each practice, the drama club members went to the local pizza parlor to discuss the upcoming play; however, Mary stayed at the school to practice her lines. Explanation: Sentence A is a comma splice. Sentence B creates a sentence fragment: After each practice. Sentence C is correct because words like therefore, however, or furthermore are conjunctive adverbs. When conjunctive adverbs join two independent clauses into one sentence, the sentence must be punctuated with a semicolon before the conjunctive adverb (at the end of the first main clause) and a comma after the conjunctive adverb. KUWC Resource Library, Fundamentals Program Run-on Sentences & Comma Splices Practice March 2011 Page 6
7 10. As the performance date grew closer, the cast members became more excited, their annual play was always a hit in the community. A. As the performance date grew closer, the cast members became more excited and their B. As the performance date grew closer. The cast members became more excited, their C. As the performance date grew closer, the cast members became more excited; their Explanation: Sentence A is a run-on sentence because a coordinating conjunction (and) alone cannot join two complete sentences. Choice B is not correct because it creates a sentence fragment: As the performance date grew closer. The remainder of the sentence is a comma splice. Answer C uses a semicolon to join the two closely related sentences. KUWC Resource Library, Fundamentals Program Run-on Sentences & Comma Splices Practice March 2011 Page 7
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