Copyrighted Material. Index

Transcription

1 Index Notes: Boldface page numbers indicate photographs. The following Hungarian place-name equivalents may be helpful: avenue = fasor; baths = fürdó ; boulevard = körút; bridge = híd; cemetery = temetó ; island = sziget; palace = palota; road = út; row = sor; square = tér; station = pályaudvar, (vasút) állomás; street = utca. Acsa, 29 Aczél, György, 312, 316 Adavkin, Guard Sergeant, 126 Adony, 191 Afonyin, Ivan Mikhailovich, 98, 131, 142, 168 Aggteleky, Béla, Albertfalva, 66 Áldás Street, 171 Alkotás Street, 161 Alma Street, 303, 326 Almásy, Pál, 306 Almay, Béla, 273, 277 Alsógöd, 11 Alsóhegy Street, 185 Alsónémedi, 14 Alsórákos, 128 Amerikai Road, 137 Angolpark (park), 140 Angyalföld, 137, 140, 142, 292 Angyalföld Station, 137 Anker Palace, 345 Anti-Semitism. See Jews Antonescu, Ion, 1, 202 Antonov, Aleksei Innokentevich, 7 Anyácska-puszta, 239 Apponyi Square, 101 Aquincum, 153 Ardennes, 51, 181, 188, 200 Aréna Road (today Dózsa György Road), 137, 140 Armed National Service, 108 Árpád Bridge, 164, 167 Arrow Cross Party, xvi xvii; aid to Jews from members of, 296; anti-jewish actions of, 60 61; civilian labor ordered by, 260; combat groups of, 107; fleeing city, 57 58, 65, 68 69; formation of, 3; Hindy s role in, 90 93; Hungarian military s relations with, ; Jews, treatment of, xx; popularity of, 41; recruiting efforts of, 104; Soviet killing of, 209; taking power in Hungary, xvi xvii Átrium Cinema, 177 Attila Line, 11, 12, 13, 16, 31, 42, 45, 68, Avar Street, 182,

2 458 index Baár Madas (boarding school), 326 Bader, Josef, 119 Baja, 3, 333, 346 Bajcsy-Zsilinszky, Endre, Bajza Street, 142 Bakó, Barnabás, 126 Balaton (lake), 11, 35 36, 64, 191, 197 Balck, Hermann, 51 52, 85, 114, 190, 194, 246, 248 Barabás, Béla, 338 Baracska, 29, 37, 73, 199 Bárczy, István Bárcziházy, 325 Baross Street, 147 Battle of the Bulge, xxii, 188 Battyhányi Street, 210, 215, 255 Bayer, Hanns, 211 Bécsi Kapu (gate), 208, 324, 326 Bécsi Road, 104, 153, 161 Békásmegyer, 153 Béla király Road (formerly Attila Road), 176, 178, 179, 182, 184, 186, 209, 218, 220, 232, 322 Beleznay, István, 306 Beliczky, László, 303 Benedek, István, 303, 357 Benko, László, 178 Benyovszky, Gyó zó, 53, 57, 86, 145, 151, 323 Beregfy, Károly, 190, 266, 268, 284 Berlin, 51, 81, 181, 188, 197, 257, 375 Berlin Square (today Nyugati Square), 147 Bethlen, István, 316 Bethlen Gábor Square, 300 Bethlen Gábor Street, 143 Betzler, Wolfgang, 225, 337 Bia, 28, 49 50, 65 Bicske, 40, 49 51, 53, 190, 194, 266, 352 Bicskei Street, 276 Bieber, Martin, 87 Biedermann, Imre, Billnitzer, Jeno, 32, 89, 95 96, 135, 143, 206, 223, 231, 234 Bimbó Road, 66, 167, 208, 219, 309 Bíró, József, 53, 73, 79, 145, 234 Bíró Street, 170 Bocskai Road, 167, 178, 182, 185 Bokor, Dénes, 301 Boldizsár, Iván, 227, 356 Boldt, Gerhard, 189 Bolyai Academy (Bolyai Akadémia), 59, 154, 223, Bondor, Vilmos, 101, , Boosfeld, Joachim, Borbás, Károly, 223 Born, Friedrich, 294, 315 Boros, Izabella, 69 Bors Street (today Hajnóczi József Street), 176 Börzsöny (hills), 308 Böszörményi Road, 161, 180, 282 Botond, Béla, 144 Branquinho, Carlos, 294 Bratislava, 30, 116, 197 Braun, Éva, 315 Break-out, ; as act one of despair, ; Castle District and military hospital events, ; escape into hills, ; German Army Group South s reaction to, ; German garrison situation at time of, ; outcome of, ; reaching German front in the west, ; Soviet reaction to, ; through Ördög-Árok (culvert), Breith, Hermann, 18, 42 Brencsán, János, 317 Breslau (Wroclaw), 81 Bridges, destruction of, 53,

3 index 459 Buda, encirclement of, 61 69; of inner ring, 64 69; of outer ring, Buda Castle (Budavár): escape from, 223; hospital use of and housing of wounded in, 183, ; officials use of, 41, 68, 104; Russian approach toward, 49, 52. See also Castle District Buda Hills, 50, 61 Budafok, 65 66, 114, 186, 323, 344, 370 Budagyöngye, 53, 58, 215, 218, 226, 263 Budajenó, 53, 58, 234, 238 Budakalász, 68, 153 Budakeszi: and break-out, , 232, 234, 242; German strategy involving, 53; Soviet advance to and capture, 50, 54 Budakeszi Forest, 54 Budakeszi Road, 54 55, 58 59, 61, 66, 205, 221, 225 Budaörs, 28, 50, 53, 59, 76, 166 Budaörsi Road, 178, 180 Budatétény, 65 Bürök Street, 67 Byelorussia, 379 Carpathian Basin, 1 11, 24, 51 52, 191, 339 Carpathians (mountains), 1, 2, 12, 20, 23 Cartographical Institute (Térképészeti Intézet), 327, 330 Castle. See Buda Castle (Budavár) Castle District: battles for possession of, 97, 161, , , 205, ; and break-out, 217; destruction of, 283; German withdrawal from, ; Germans remaining in at end of siege, 326; Hungarian command relocated to, 81; Hungarian defectors to Soviets in, ; Hungarians remaining in after break-out, ; Soviet approach to, 41, 48 49, 154, ; Soviet headquarters in, 359; Soviet looting in, 349 Castle Hill (Várhegy), 81, 158, , 181, 184, 204, 222 Castle tunnel, 154 Cavallier, József, 275 Cegléd, 18, 346 Central Europe, 52 Chain Bridge (Lánchíd), 148, 150, 169, 173, 177, 301 Chebotarev, G. S., 336 Cherkassy, 189 Chernishev, Major-General, 347, 365 Christian middle classes, xviii Churchill, Winston, xxi, 4 6 Cinkota, 115, 126 Circular Railway (Körvasút), 126, 128, 161 Citadel, 90, 158, 184, 203, 209 Civilians after siege, ; looting by Soviets, 344, ; prisoner-of-war treatment, ; Soviet crimes against, Civilians during siege, xvii xviii, xxv xxvi, ; at end of siege, ; Hungarian population s plight, ; Hungarian soldiers defecting to Soviets, ; lack of preparation by civilians, 48, 67; resistance in city, See also Jews Cogwheel Railway (Fogaskereku Vasú t): battles for possession of, 55 56, 152, 158, 161, 167, 170; encirclement incursions near,

4 460 index Cogwheel Railway (cont.) 67; fortification of, 154; on German escape route, 234; German positions and fighting near, 58 59; prisoners of war killed along, 333 Comedy Theatre (Vígszínház), 258 Communists, xvii Congregation of Maris School Brothers, 312 Conrad, Gerhard, 76 Corvin Square, 269 Csaba Street, 155, 170 Csákvár, 28 Csanády Street, 131, 142 Csatárka, 167 Csatárka Street, 168 Csécsy, Imre, 64 Csepel, 30, 107, 165, , 312, 363 Csepel Island, 16, 20 22, 65, , 128, , Cseresnyés, László, 324 Cserhát (hills), 11 Csiky, Erich, 274 Csiky, Lajos, 109 Csillaghegy (hill), 153 Csillebérc, 55 Csillik, Gábor, 314 Csipkés, Ernó, 43, 104 Csobánka, 68, 195, 233 Csolnok, 62, 372 Csömör, 50, 105, , Csömöry Road, 136 Csorba, János, 306 Csordás, János, 313 Czech, Captain, 91 Czeczidlowszky, Béla, 57 Dág, 62 Dagály Street, 140, 142 Damjanich Street, 142 Danielsson, Carl Ivan, 293 Danube (river): as boundary of region from Tisza to, 5, 10; Hungarians firing on Soviets from, 22; Soviet approach to, 16, 61 62, 65, 69; Soviet crossing of, 114, 199 Danube Bend, 47, 62, 69, 128 Danube Embankment (Dunapart), 290 Danube Promenade (Dunakorzó), 372 Dány, 19, 33 Daróczi Road, 170, 172 Debrecen, 2, 3, 4, 13, 20, 34, 323, 368 Delegates sent to seek surrender of city, Deli, Piroska, 292 Déli Station (South Station): battles for possession of, 174, ; destruction of, 282; encirclement incursions near, 94; fighting during siege near, 135; Hungarian defectors fighting for Soviets at, 322; Soviet approach to, 177, 209; Soviet capture of, 185 Demény, Bertalan, 340 Demény, Pál, 312, 341 Department of Military Policy, 96 Déri, István, 157 Deseó, László, 279, 344 Desewffy, Aurél, 317 Deutsch, György, 107 Deutsche Jugend, 171 Diary of Hungarian 10th Infantry Division, xxvi Dienstl, András, 316 Dirlewanger, Oskar, 30 Djilas, Milovan, 356 Dobogókó, 69, 194, 196, 241 Döbrentei Square, 185, 209, 230 Dohány Street, 291

5 index 461 Domonkos, Miksa, 295, 343 Donáth, György, 316 Dörner, Helmut, 132, 207, 223, Dorog, 62, 195, 208, 266 Dózsa György Street, 131 Dráva Street, 131 Dunaföldvár, 199 Dunaharaszti, 11, 13, 14, 15, 339 Dunakeszi, 11 Dunapentele, 199 Eastern Europe, allocation between Soviets and Western allies, 4 6 Ecser, 11, 13, 111 Eger, 23 Egressy Road, 136 Ehrenburg, Ilya, 336, 379 Eichmann, Adolf, 272, 285 Ék, Sándor, 334 Ekesparre, Lieutenant-Colonel, 126 Elischer, Gyula, 58, 67, 102, , El Salvador embassy, 294 Ember, Herr, 343 Encirclement, ; of Buda, 61 69; German and Hungarian commands during, 81 97; German and Hungarian troops during, 69 77; Soviet and Romanian troops during, 77 81; Soviet commands during, ; special defense units during, Equipment and supplies: German air drop of, 76 77; Soviet troops, Ercsi, 22 34, Érd, 16, 38, 40, 50 Erdei Lak Restaurant, 156 Érsekújvár (Nove Zamky), 109 Erzsébet Boulevard, 131, 142, Erzsébet Bridge, 148, 152, 172, 185, 290 Esterházy, Prince Pál, 345 Esztergom, 35 36, 53, 61 62, 68, 191, 194, , 247 Esztergom-Budapest line, 50 Fadeev, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, 336 Faragó, Mrs. Ödön, 350 Farkasrét Cemetery, 152, 157, 159, 161, , , 180, 182, 322 Fehér, Lajos, 312, 356 Fehér, Sergeant, 274 Fehérvári Road, 153 Feller, Harald, 275, 343 Felvonulás Square, 284 Fény Street, 210 Ferdinánd Bridge, 131, 142, 317 Ferenc Boulevard, 131 Ferenc-hegy (hill), 168, 312 Ferenc József Barracks, 141 Ferenc József Bridge (today Szabadság Bridge), 147 Ferencváros Station, 137, , 313 Ferenczy, József, 318 Ferenczy, László, 295 Ferihegy, 16, 115, 127 Filatorigát, 153 Fillér Street, 171, 208, 216, 218 Finta, József, 324 Fiumei Road, 131, 140 Flórián Café, 283 Flórián Square, 166 Flügel, Hans, 236 Földes, Gyula, 92 Földes, László, 313 Food supplies, 76 77, 81 Forensic Institute (Törvényszéki Orvostani Intézet), 300 Fortus, Mariya, 318

6 462 index Fó Street, 176 Fót, 31, , 126 4th Ukrainian Front, 23 Francia Road, 312 Franco, Francisco, 294 Frangepán Street, 140 Fretter-Pico, Maximilian, 35, 45, 51 Friedrich, Helmut, 202, 210 Friessner, Hans: as commander of German Army Group South, 8; on German division failure, 18; on German panzer losses, 20; photograph of, 10, 259; realization of futility of holding Budapest, 44 45; realization of likely siege, 49; rear defense against Soviets by, 11; removed by Hitler, 51; seeking German reinforcements, 14, 30, Frühlingserwachen (Spring Awakening), 188, 200 Frunze General Staff Academy, 98, 100 Fürjes, Sándor, 312 Gál, Kálmán, 365 Galántay, Ervin, 106, 167, 263 Galgamácsa, 29 Galicia, 25 Garád, Róbert, 231 Garam (river, Hron), 194 Gellért Baths, 276 Gellért-hegy (hill), 119, 175, 181, 186, 204, 209, , 322, 349, 364 Gellért Hotel, , 209, 372 Gencsy, Tibor, 21 General Credit Bank (Általános Hitelbank, today s Ministry of Finance, Pénzügyminisztérium), , Gera, József, 296 Gerecse (hills), Gerhard, Sergeant, 65 German relief attempts, ; Operation Konrad I, ; Operation Konrad II, ; Operation Konrad III, Geschke, Hans, 285 Gidófalvy, Lajos, 152, 317 Gille, Otto, 161, 172, 189, , 198 Gizella Mill (Gizella-malom), 369 Gobbi, Ede, 318 Gobbi, Hilda, 318 Gödöllo, 34, 46, 86, 315, , 367 Gömbös, Gyula, 314 Gömbös Gyula Road (today Petó fi Road, Haladás Road, Alkotás Street), , 180, 182 Görgey, Artur, 284 Görgey, Guidó, 365 Gosztonyi, Péter, xxvi, 118 Great Boulevard (Nagykörút), 131, , 147, , 273, 290, 302, 345 Great Hungarian Plain, 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 16 Great Market Hall (Nagyvásárcsarnok), 148 Grolman, Helmuth von, 51, 114 Gró sz, József, 349 Guderian, Heinz: as commander in chief of German panzer troops, 12 13; disagreement with Hitler s strategy, 51 52; Hungary, view of, 35 36, 44; oversight of regrouping by, ; refusal to provide more German troops, 49; strategy of, 193, 196 Gundel, János, 369 Guttmann, Mr., 301 Gyál, 15, 116 Gyöngyösi, János, 347

7 index 463 Gyó r, 128 Gyó zó Street, 185 Gyulai, Gyula, 296 Gyulay-Molnár, Ferenc, 105 Hack, Franz, 195 Hahn, Sergeant, 165 Hain, Péter, 316 Haller, Captain, 207 Haller Street, 131 Halmi Road, 348 Hamzsabégi Road, 178 Hanák, Sándor, 29, 72, 134, 142, 172 Hankóczy Jeno Street, 171 Hármashatár-hegy (hill), 49, , 156, 222, Harsányi, Sándor, 340 Határ Road, 136 Hátszeghi-Hatz, Otto, 310 Hatvan, 16, 18, 22 34, 45, 374 Hausser, Paul, 202 Hegyalja Road, 181, 185, 209 Hegytetó Street, 179 Herceghalom, 50 Hermánd Street, 167, 170 Hermándy, Iván, 302 Hidegkút, 228 Hidegkúti Road (today Hú vösvölgyi Road), 54 55, 58, 64, 66, 205 Hidvégi, Béla, 240 Himmler, Heinrich, xxiii, 51, 189, 196 Hindy, Iván: and break-out, 115, 206, , 272; during encirclement, 52 53; life and conduct of, 89 94; photograph of, 89; refusal to support Mikó, 102; relief efforts of, ; relocation of Hungarian command by, 81; sentenced to death, 123; siege role of, 183; on supply situation, 178 History of Hungary, xiv xvii; at end of World War I, xiv xv; in World War II, xv xvi Hitler, Adolf: approval to move troops to Buda, 56; changing commanders, 51; fortress orders of, 379; insisting on holding Budapest, 43, 44, 189; opposed to break-out, 114, 172, 181, 193, , 201, 255; prisoner-ofwar treatment orders from, 331; on Red Cross proposal, 266; relief promised by, 92; replenishing troops in January 1945, 200; strategy to stop Russian advance, xxii xxiii, 51 52; view of Hungary, xv Hitschler, Konrad, 151 Hodenko, Nikolai, 115 Hódosy, Pál, 289 Hofherr-Schrantz (factory), 134 Holt-Duna (Dead Danube, river branch), 20 Horthy, Miklós: arrest of, xvi; deposed by Arrow Cross, 40 41; failed cease-fire attempt of, 71; failed peace attempt of, 2; as regent of Hungary, xv; surrender to allies, xvi Horthy Miklós Bridge, 145 Horthy Miklós Road, 186, 276 Horthy Miklós Square, 323 Horváth, Dénes, 65 Horváth, István, 313 Horváth, Sándor, 55, 70, 90, 229 Horváth Mihály Square, 142 Hó só k Square, 372 Höttl, Wilhelm, 272 Hübner, Werner, 224, 242, Hungária Boulevard, 131, , , 312 Hungarian Boxing Federation, 94

8 464 index Hungarian Christian Democratic People s Party, 93 Hungarian Commune of 1919, 92 Hungarian Plain, 92 Hungarian soldiers defecting to Soviets, Hungarist Carpathian-Danubian Great Fatherland, 3 Hú vösvölgy (valley): access to, closed off, 105; break-out deaths in, 255; encirclement fighting near, 56, 64, 66; German movement in indicating knowledge of coming siege, 53; German positions in, 154; Hungarian battalion ordered to, 50; Hungarian student troops transported to, Hú vösvölgyi Road, 152, 218, 225 Iasi-Kishinev, 99 Illés, Endre, 359 Institute of Military History (Hadtörténeti Intézet), xxvi, 245 International Ghetto, 298, 300, 307 International Red Cross, 262, 266, , 315 Ipoly (river), 25, 30, 36 Isaev, Aleksei, 168 Isaszeg, 11, 18, 19, Istenhegy (hill), 152, 167 Istenhegyi Road, 174, , 218 Izabella Street, 143 János-hegy (hill), 49, 66, 208 János Hospital (János kórház): encirclement fighting near, 59; Hungarian troops stationed near, 105; Soviet capture of and use of, 66 67, 152, 154, 158, 208, 213, 215, 254 Jánosi, Béla, 317 Jász, József, 240 Jászberény, 18, 346 Jászfalu, 61 Jász Street, 140 Jerezian, Ara, Jews, xv, xvi, xviii xx, ; Arrow Cross Party s anti-jewish actions, 60 61; Arrow Cross Party s members aid to, 296; Hindy s rescue efforts, 93; international rescues of, ; kitchen work by, 104 John, Adolf, 88 Joó, Ferenc, 127 József Boulevard, 131, 147 József Street, 144 Józsefváros Station, 131, 135, 140 Kádár, János, 312, 366, 368 Kajdy, Gusztáv, 127 Kalándy, Imre, 93 95, 94, 268 Kállay, Miklós, xvi, 311 Kálvin Square, , 147, 278 Kamara-erdó (forest), 65, 261 Kammerer, Ernó, 113 Kamocsay, Gyula, 58 Kánitz printing works, 104 Kápolnásnyék, 38 Karácsonyi Street, 185 Kardos, László, 310 Karola Line, 11, 20 Karolina Road, 178, 180, 185 Károly Boulevard, 131 Károly király Barracks (Károly király laktanya) (today Petó fi Barracks, Petó fi laktanya), 159, 167 Kaszás, István, 338 Katona, Péter Pál, 293 Katyn, 302, 321, 336, 341 Kazinczy Baths, 299 Kazinczy Street, 299, 302

9 index 465 K. B., Mrs., 363 Kecske-hegy (hill), 154, 156 Kecskemét, 4, 8, 10, 13, 14 Kecskeméti Street, 290 Kékgolyó Street, 174, 177, 182, 219 Kelecsényi, István, 290 Kelenföld, 65, 153, 209 Kelenföld Station, 153, 157 Kelenhegyi Road, 185 Kelenvölgy, 324 Keleti Station (East Station), 84, Keller, Ernst, 213 Kemény, Gábor, 266, 286 Kerekes, László, 148, 230 Kerepesi Cemetery, 140, 286 Kerepesi Road, 112, 136, 141 Keresztes, Sándor, 93 Kern, Erich, 275 Kesseó, László, 37 Kesztölc, 250 Kevély Hill, 237 Khrushchev, Nikita, 99 Királyerdó, 22, 113 Királyerdó Forest, 133 Királyhágó Square, Királyhágó Street, 181 Kiscell, 167 Kis-Duna (Little Danube, river branch), 21 Kisfaludy, József, 46 Kis-Gellért-hegy (hill), 180, Kishont, Ferenc (Ephraim Kishon), 349, 360 Kiskó szeg (Batina), 25 Kisoroszi, 69 Kispest, 4, 13, 133, 135, Kisrákos, 76 Kiss, János, 307 Kiss, Károly, 313 Kiss, Sándor, 310 Kis-Sváb-hegy (hill), 167, 170, , 178, 181, 208, 218, 234 Kistarcsa, 115 Klára Street (today Ignotus Street), 210 Klauzál Square, 299, 302 Klauzál Street, 328 Klein, Erich, 123, 124 Klotild Street, 142, 278 Kó bánya, 133, 135, 313, , 366 Kobánya-alsó Station, 135 Koczkás, Ferenc, 311 Kokovay, Gyula, 232, 239 Kolchuk, Fedor Semionovich, 322 Kollarits, Béla, 107, 157 Komárom, 61, 64, 68, 190, 194, 197 Komoly, Ottó, 315 Konev, Ivan Stepanovich, 189 Konkoly-Thege, Aladár, 244, 246 Könyves Kálmán Boulevard, 131 Kormos, László, 313 Kornfeld, Móricz, 340 Korong Street, 137 Koska, Koska, 322 Kossuth Lajos Street, 345 Kossuth Monument, 232 Kovách, Endre, 105 Kovács, Ferenc X., 46, 55, 56, 148, , 225, Kovács, Gyula, 190 Kovács, Imre, 306, 308, 346 Kovács, Pál, 317 Kó vágó, József, 306 Kovalovszky, Miklós, 4, 14, 258 Kovarcz, Emil, 58, 68, 101, 104, 109, 261, 273 Kövendi, Dénes, 326 Kozlov, Andrey Ilyich, 56 Kozma, György, 32 Kozma, József, 187 Kozma Street, 127 Kravchenko, Andrei Grigorevich, 37 Krisztina Boulevard, , 180, 182, 184, 209, 224

10 466 index Krisztina Church (Krisztina templom), 281 Krisztinaváros, 283 Króczkai, Miklós, 322 Kröszl, Vilmos, 274 Krupiczer, Ferenc, 322 Kubinyi, Tibor, 137 Kudar, Lajos, 307 Kun, Alfréd, 270, 275, 288, 293, Kündiger, Herbert, 87, 132, 207 Kunmadaras, 357 Kurland, 189 Kurucles, 263 Kutscher, Otto, 238 Kutuzov-Tolstoy, Count Michael, 260 Kútvölgy (valley), 103, 106, 152 Kútvölgyi Road, 158, 220 Labanc Road, 225 Lágymányos, 97, 107, 110, 157, 159, , 170, Lajosforrás source, 240 Lajoskomárom, 354 Lajosmizse, 289 Lakihegy, 22, 113, 133 Latabár, Kálmán, 372 Látó-hegy (hill), , 168, 170 Lazhko, Grigori S., 128 Leányfalu, 128, Légrády (print works), 313 Lehel Street, 137, 142, 264 Lehmann, Hans, 219 Lehoczky, Lajos, 183 Lénárd, Lajos, Lenke Square (today Kosztolányi Dezso Square), Létay, Gyula, 323 Léva (Levice), 37 Levente, 108 Lichtenberg, Judit, 220, 232 Lidice, 285 Lindenau, Usdau, 55, 82, 84, 85, 225, 226 Lipótmezó, 67, 220 Litteráti-Loótz, Gyula, , 123, 164, 166, 234 Little Boulevard (Kiskörút), 131 Little Hungarian Plain, 25, 30, 197 Ljubljana Gap, 5 Ló csei, István, 300 Logodi Street, 186 Lónyay Street, 143 Looting by Soviets, 344, Lövó ház Street, 216, 237 Lübeck, 53 Ludovika Academy (Ludovikaakadémia), 90, 107, 142, 275 Lutz, Carl, 287, 294, 343, 359 Magdolnaváros Station (today Angyalföld Station), 136 Maglód, 11, 33, 112, 115 Magyari, Endre, 318 Magyarossy, Sándor, 259 Major, Norbert, 182, 264, 333 Makó, 2, 357 Malinovsky, Rodion: and break-out, ; in Ercsi and Hatvan, 22 34; failure to take city, 18, 376; fighting strategy of, 34 35, 116, 191; following Stalin s order to take Budapest, xxi, 7 8, 10 11; food denied to Hungarian authorities by, 368; life and conduct of, 98 99; looting and rape, dealing with, 344, 363; loss of troops by, 80, 374; Pest strategy of, 40, 136, 148; photograph of, 98; prisoners of war, treatment by, 70, 338, 346; reinforcements sent to assist, 20; siege strategy of, 111, 129 Managorov, Ivan M., 168, 168 Manstein, Erich von, 183

11 index 467 Mány, 237, 249 Mányoki, István, 133 Márai, Sándor, 283, 357, 361 Marcibányi Square, 60, 174 Margelov, Vasili Filippovich, 253 Margit Boulevard: battle line along, ; battles for possession of, , 182; and break-out, 205, 217; destruction of, 283; executions at, 105; German ammunition explosion on, 169; photograph of, 169, 364; prison on, , 316, 348 Margit Bridge, 152, 177, 210, 258, 259, 263 Margit Island, , 175, 258, 271, 344 Margit Line, 11, 28 29, 34 36, 111, 153, 188, 193, 310 Margit Quay (Margit rakpart), 310 Máriahalom, 204 Mária Valéria Bridge, 62 Maros Street, 303 Marosvölgyi, Imre, 303 Maróthy, Károly, 289 Mártonhegy, 167 Mártonhegyi Road, 58, 67, 161, Martonvásár, 29, 49, 65 Márvány Street, 182 Mátra (hills), 11 Mátray Street, 210 Mátyásföld, 76, Mátyás-hegy (hill), 158, , 175 Mátyás király Road, 218 Mátyás Street, 143 MÁV (Hungarian State Railways), 135, 259 Mayer, Hans, 343 Mechwart Square, 169, 215, 217 Mehlis, Lev Zakharovich, 6 Merkviladze, David Sergeievich, 113 Messik, János, 307 Mészáros, Major, 21 Mészáros Street, 185, 209 Metropol Hotel, 314 Mexikói Road, Mikó, Zoltán, 52, 102, , Mikó Street, 209 Mikulich, Tibor, 171, 306 Ministry of Defence (Honvédelmi Minisztérium), 91, 255 Miskolc, 23 24, 357 Mistéth, Endre, 311 Mitzlaff, Major, 82 Mogyoród, 11, 111 Mohay, Gyula, 260 Monor, 15, 16 Montgomery, Bernard Law, 361 Mór, 64, 193 Morgenthau, Henry, 379 Móric Zsigmond Square, 56 Morlin, Imre, 110 Municipal Theatre (Városi Színház), 314, 366 Munkácsy Mihály Street, 61 Museum of Military History (Hadtörténeti Múzeum), 277 Múzeum Boulevard, 131, 345 Nagy, Jenó, Nagy, Zsombor, 171, 232 Nagybajom, 374 Nagykovácsi, 66, 233, 238, 249, 253 Nagykovácsi Road, 65 Nagy-Svábhegy (hill) (today Szabadság-hegy), 220 Nagyszálló Hotel, 165 Nagyvárad (Oradea), 2, 46 Naphegy (hill), 185, 200, 204, 209, 283 National Bank (Nemzeti Bank), 242, 341 National Museum (Nemzeti Múzeum), 143, 147, 365

12 468 index Nefedov, Major, 361 Német, Sándor, 112 Németh, Dezsó, 70, 76, 310 Németh, Pál, 306 Németvölgy, 181 Németvölgy Cemetery, Németvölgyi Road, 176, , 303, 322 Népliget (park), , 140 New Communal Cemetery (Új Köztemetó ), 127 Ney, Gyurka, 277 Ney, Klára, 277 Nicaraguan embassy, 294 Nidosi, Imre, 274 Nikolaichuk, Nikolai Leonteievich, 126 Noel, Péter, 186, 212 Noll, Reinhard, 264 Nonn, György, 316 Normafa Road, 218 North Csepel, 76 Notre Dame de Sion (convent), 54 55, 81, 159 Nyíregyháza, 2 Nyisztor, Zoltán, Nyugati Station (West Station), , 152 Óbuda, 153, , 283, 287 Ócsa, 14 Oder, 189 Odescalchi, Pál, 365 Odessa, 99, 309 Oil supply, 188 Olasz Avenue (today Szilágyi Erzsébet Avenue): battles for possession of, 167; encirclement fighting along, 59, 66; front line at, 152; Hungarian positions on, 155; Soviet advance along, 208, , 254, Oldner, Vladimir, 271 Opera, 49, 155, 306 Operation Konrad I, Operation Konrad II, Operation Konrad III, Orbánhegy (hill), 152, 161, , 173, , 234 Orczy Road, 131 Orczy Square, 140, 142 Ördög-Árok (culvert), 161, 207, Öreg-Duna (Old Danube, river branch), 16 Orendy, Norbert, 272 Orlov, Nikolai Yeoktisovich, Orsós, Ferenc, 108, 302, 341 Örs vezér Square, 133 Ostapenko, Ilya Afanasevich, 116, Ostián, Antal, 58 Ostrom Street, 57, 210, 212, 217, 267, 324 Oszlányi, Kornél, 46, 96, 319 Ózd, 357 Palatinus Baths, 165 Pálffy-Österreicher, György, 312 Pape, Günther von, 31, 87 Parádi, István, 316 Parliament Building (Parlament), 271, Pasarét, 53, 59 60, 152, 167, 262 Pasaréti Road, 215 Pasaréti Square, 60 Páty, 50, 61, 233 Paulics, József, 223 Pécel, 11, 13, 19, 32, 112, 115 Péchy, Blanka, 48, 272 Péchy, György, 127, 331 People s Court, 92, 106, 123, 305 People s Stadium (Népstádion), 76 Perbál, 53, 61, 95, 208, 234, 250, 253 Perjési, Ferenc, 296 Perlasca, Giorgio,

13 index 469 Pesthidegkút, 66, 234, Pestszenterzsébet, , 259 Pestszentimre, 11, 15, 68, 116, Pestszentló rinc, 114, , 259, 313, 339 Pestújhely, 111, 126, 128, , 135 Péter, Gábor, 316 Petrov, Ivan Yefremovich, 2 Pfeffer-Wildenbruch, Karl: assignment of staff by, 132, 175; background of, 42; and breakout, , 172, 196, , 225, , , 272; Budapest position of, 43 44; at Castle Hill battle, 175; and cease-fire delegates meeting, 119, , ; conduct of, 82 85; drop of Knight s Cross for, 77; during encirclement, 50, 52 54; evacuation by, 148; Jews, treatment by, 291; Malinovsky on capture of, 376; and Margit Island fighting, 164; miscalculation of Soviet troops by, 65; offices of, 82; photograph of, 83, 226; on siege situation, Philipp, Major, 194 Piac Square, 313 Pilis (hills), 62, 140, 191, , 204, 233, , 248, 250 Piliscsaba, 53, 62, 97 Pilismarót, 372 Pilisszántó, 247 Pilisszentiván, 62, 249 Pilisszentkereszt, 62, 68, , 206, , 333, 352 Pilisszentlélek, 192, 204, , 333 Pilisvörösvár, 28, 62, 68, 195, 236, Pintér, Géza, Pisky-Schmidt, Frigyes, 311 Pitschoff, András, 287 Pliev, Issa Aleksandrevich, 2, 18, 24 Podmaniczky Street, 142 Pomáz, 62, 68, 153, 161, 195 Porkai, Márton, 340 Portugall, Kurt, 337 Posen, 81 Post Office Palace, , 180, 182, 210, 212 Prime Minister s Palace (Miniszterelnökségi palota), 325 Prisoner-of-war treatment, Prónay, Pál, 64, Psychic condition: of Soviet soldiers, ; of survivors, xiv Pushkin, Count, 260 Pusztaszeri Road, 67 Racecourse (Lóversenytér), 76, 128, , 136 Radetzky Barracks (Radetzkylaktanya), 61 Radio Moscow, 121 Radó, Imre, 318 Radványi, Imre, 306 Rajk, Endre, 261 Rákóczy Road, , 145, 147, 286, 345 Rákos (stream), 126, 128, 131, 137, 292 Rákoscsaba, 13, 114 Rákosfalva, 133 Rákosi, Mátyás, 341, 354 Rákoskeresztúr, 113, 115, 126, 313 Rákospalota, , 133, 136 Rákosrendezó Station, 133, Rákos Station, 131 Rákosszentmihály, 115, , 342 Rape, xiv, Ráth György Street, 161 Rátz, Tibor, 72, 167 Ravasz, László, 296

14 470 index Rechmann, Kurt, 273 Regent Building (Regent-ház), 169, 278 Relief attempts. See German relief attempts Remete-hegy, 153, 157, 205, 222, 237, 254 Resistance in city, Retek Street, 155, , 208, 215, 217, 324, 330 Révay, Kálmán, 306 Rézmál, 170 Ribbentrop, Joachim, 286 Ries, István, 368 Rigó Street, 144 Róbert Károly Boulevard, 131, 137, 142 Rókus-hegy (hill), 282 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 360 Rothermere Street (today Balaton Street), 278 Rotta, Angelo, 178, , 295, 298 Rottenbiller Street, 131, 140, Rotyis, József, 368 Royal Hotel, 285 Royal Palace (Várpalota), 242, 254, 315, 324 Rózsadomb (hill): battles for possession of, 158, 168, 174; and break-out, 218; capture of Hungarian unit at, 176; dead soldiers on, after siege, 349, 364; encirclement incursions on, 56, 66; executions by Soviets at, 332, 337; German positions on, 153; Hungarian division on, 323; photograph of remains of villa on, 367 Rózsa Street, 143 Rumohr, Joachim, 85, 217 Salamon, Aurél, 22, 320, 331 Salesian boarding school (szalézi internátus), 106 Salzer, Mrs. Vilmos, 292 Sándor, András, 46, 96, 96 97, , 306, 310 Sándor Palace, 81 Sanz-Briz, Angel, 294 Sashalom, 113, 126 Sashegy (hill): battles for possession of, , 161, 170, ; as border of fighting in early 1945, ; convent on, 81; German crimes against civilians on, 339; German positions on, 90; Soviet advance from, 184 Sasvári, Endre, 67 Schmidhuber, Gerhard: arguing with other German commanders, 134; on break-out plans, 172, 207; on cease-fire delegates meeting, 121; death of, 217; evacuation orders of, 136; Jews, treatment by, 302; life and conduct of, 85 86; photograph of, 86; relocating to Pest, 132; reprimanded by Pfeffer-Wildenbruch, 82; siege strategy of, 175 Schöning, Wilhelm, 86, 87, 134, 238 Schreiber, János, 280 Schweitzer, Ernst, 216, 218, 233, 236, 240 Seblad, W.G., xiv Sédely, Gyula, 231, 296, 303 Seeger, Medical Officer, 238 Seismological Institute (Szeizmológiai Intézet), 159 Serédi, Jusztinián, 296 Shakhvorostov, Major, 119 Sholokhov, Mikhail, 336 Shtemenko, Sergei, 7, 16, 377 Shulgin, Boris V., 260 Siege (from December 26, 1944 February 11, 1945), ; of Buda, ,

15 index ; Margit Island fighting, ; of Pest, ; surrender, delegates seeking, See also Civilian role during siege Simonffy-Tóth, Ernó, 306, 310 Simontornya, 199 Sipeki Balázs, Lajos, 109, 156, 171, Skripkin, Major, 226 Smirnov, Oleg Nikolaievich, 26 Solt, 13, 75 Solymár, 234, Sólyom, László, 312, Sopronkó hida, 307 Soroksár, 11, 13, 15, 16, 22, 112, 125, 133, 259 Soroksári Road, 137 Sóskút, 334 Sova, Nicolae, 148, 149 Soviet crimes, ; institutional offences, ; looting and rape, 344, Soviet offensive: first efforts, 11 16; German and Hungarian reaction to, 40 47; second efforts at Ercsi and Hatvan, 22 34; 2nd Ukrainian Front role, 16 22; third stage of, See also Malinovsky, Rodion; Tolbukhin, Feodor Ivanovich Spanish embassy, 294 Stalin, Josef: agreement with Churchill, xxi, 4 6; Budapest s capture as priority for, xxi xxii, 7 8, 20, 22; death of, 343; endof-war strategy and push into western Europe, 52, 199; Hungarian defectors, orders on, 320; rapes, reaction to protests against, 356; treatment of military failures, 101; treatment of subordinates, 23 Stalingrad, 101, 116, 257, 378 State Printing Press (Állami Nyomda), 277 Statisztika Street, 283 Stefánia Road, 140 Steinmetz, Miklós, , 121, 123 Stock Exchange (tó zsde), 369 Stollár, Béla, 311 Sub-Carpathia, 103 Südwind enterprise, 250 Sulyánsky, Jenó, 186 Surrender, delegates seeking, Süttó, 63 Svábhegy (hill): Arrow Cross combat group on, 58; encirclement strategy involving, 66, 67; on German escape route, 232, 234; German occupation during break-out, 218; Soviet approach to, 54, 171. See also Cogwheel Railway (Fogaskereku Vasút) Swedish Embassy, 260, 293, 296, 300, 312, 343 Swiss Embassy, , 350 Szabó, Péter, 305 Szabolcs Street, 140, 142 Szakasits, Árpád, 311 Szalai, Pál, 296, 302 Szálasi, Ferenc: appointment of Nidosi, 273; and break-out, 258; conduct of, ; following Hitler s orders to hold Budapest, 44; Jews, treatment by, 286, 293, 296; as leader of Arrow Cross, 3; overthrow of Horthy, 40 41; recommendation to name Budapest City of Heroic Resistance, 284; seeking German help, Szalay, István, 107, 263 Szamódi, Olaf,

16 472 index Szamos Street, 154, 170 Szarvas Gábor Street, 252 Széchenyi, Pál, 307 Széchenyi-hegy terminus, 55, 58 Széchényi Library (Széchényi könyvtár), 332 Széchenyi Quay (Széchenyi rakpart), 287 Szécsy, János, 317 Szeged, 310, Széher Road, 263 Székelyudvarhely, 66 Szekeres, János, 186 Székesfehérvár: German strategy for, 36, 38, 40, 189, 193, ; rapes in, 354; Soviet approach to and capture, 34, 50, Széll Kálmán Square (today Moszkva Square): antitank defenses in, 205; battles for possession of, 210; and breakout, 215, 223, 230; destruction of, ; Hungarian positions in, 155; photograph of break-out victims in, 213; Soviet strategy for, 175, , ; students killed in, 106 Szemló -hegy (hill), 171 Széna Square: antitank defenses in, 205; battle line along, ; and break-out, 207, ; German movement in indicating knowledge of coming siege, 53; Hungarian preparation for fighting on, 170; Soviet executions of prisoners in, 348; Soviet troops reaching, 57, , 254 Szentendre, 68, 161, , 248, 308 Szentendre Island, 47, 69 Szent-Györgyi, Albert, 312 Szentháromság Square, 325 Szent Imre Square (today Móricz Zsigmond Square), 186 Szent István Boulevard, 131, 148, 152 Szent István Square, 298 Szentkirályi Street, 104 Szépilona, 52, 55 56, 58 60, 152, 227 Szépjuhászné saddle (Szépjuhásznényereg), 54, 64 Szépvölgyi Road, 171 Sziklakápolna (chapel), 187 Szilágyi, Ernó, 316 Szilas (stream), 115, 126 Szilasi Szabó, László, 237 Szinya farm, 28 Szinyei Merse Street, 131 Szivós, Sándor, 368 Szögyény, Ferenc, 54 Szó ke, Andor, Szölló sy, Jenó, 276 Szolnok, 3, 18, 95 Szombathelyi, Ferenc, Szomor, 61 62, 204, Szomor Catholic Cemetery, 237 Sztehlo, Gábor, 294 Sztójay, Döme, 293, 295 Szügyi, Zoltán, 202 Tabán, 209 Tabán Park, 76 Tabódy, István, 338 Tábor, 62 Tahi, 69 Tambov, 336 Tarján, 62 Tarle, Evgeni, 336 Tarnay, Tasziló, 58, 67 Tárogató Road, 55 Tartsay, Vilmos, Tassonyi, Edömér, 15, 19 Tata, 63, 190 Tatabánya, 62, 63 Tattersaal (racecourse), 286 Tavaszmezó Street, 144

17 index 473 Tegethoff, First Lieutenant, 53 Teleki, Géza, 345 Teleki, Pál, xv Teleki Pál Street, 141 Teleki Square, 140, 286, 369 Telki, 249 Temes Street, 154 Teréz Boulevard, 131 Térffy villa, 282 Terstyánszky, Géza, 28 Tétény, 261 Tetétleni, Pál, 317 Thassy, Jenó, Thúróczy, György, 20, 31, 38 Tímár Street, 104 Timoshenko, Semion Konstantinovich, 23 24, 34 Tinnye, 61, 193, 208, 234 Tisza (river), 3, 8, 10, 19 Tisztviseló telep, 140 Tök, 61 Tököl, 21 Tolbukhin, Feodor Ivanovich: break-out, view of, 251; as commander of 3rd Ukrainian Front, 23 26; fighting off German breakthrough attempts (December 1944 January 1945), ; given free hand by Stalin, 199; life and conduct of, ; photograph of, 99; and siege, xxi, 111, 116, 158; strategy to take Budapest, 29, 34 35, 38, 40 Toldy High School (Toldy gimnázium), 105 Tolstoy, Aleksei, 336 Tomka, Emil, 26 Tonelli, Sándor, 363 Torockó Square, 348 Törökbálint, 50, Törökbánya, 50 Törökbástya Restaurant (Törökbástya vendégló ), 212 Törökó r, 140 Törökvész, 154, 171 Törökvész Road, 170, 208, 218, 231 Tótfalu, 69 Tóth, Sándor, xxvi, 354 Tóth Árpád Promenade (Tóth Árpád sétány), 333 Transbaikal, 99 Transdanubia: German troops in, 29, 189, 375; Soviet goal to have access to, 24, 25, 34 35, 101, 199 Transylvania, 1, 2, 24 Transylvanian Sabbathists, 107 Trenker, Alfred, 285, 303 Trianon treaty (1920), xiv Tripartite Pact, xv Trombitás Street, 155, Turcsányi, Lajos, 314 Tú zberek, 32 Újlak, 104 Újlak Church, 174 Újmajor, 113, 115 Újpest, 132, , 313 Új Szentjános hospital, 212 Ülló, 14, 15 Ülló i Road, 16, 68, 112, , 126, 140 Üröm, 62, 68 Üröm Station, 153 Vác, 16, 25, 29 30, 34, 69, 97 Vadász Street, 104 Vajda, Alajos, 149, 212, 319 Vajna, Áron, 232, 240 Vajna, Ernó, 274, 300, 302 Vajna, Gábor, 274, 284, 290, 293, 299 Váli-viz (river), 199 Valkó, 33 Vámház Boulevard, 131, 147

18 474 index Vámos, György, 357 Vannay, László, 102, 103, Várady, Kázmér, 322 Várfok Street, 210, 213, 279 Varga, Béla, 341 Varga, László, 93 Variházy, Oszkár, 323 Várnay, Zseni, 312 Városliget (park), , 140, 142, 292, 372 Városmajor (grange): and breakout, 208, 212, 215, 326; evacuating via, 60; Hungarian strategy involving, 161, 167; as part of battle line, 166; Soviet attack on, 66, , 158, , Városmajor Street, 155, 174, 178, 182, 213, 303 Vas, Zoltán, 368 Vaspálya Street, 135 Vass, Dénes, 171 Vázsonyi, Vilmos, 103 Vecsés, 15, 16, 33, Veesenmayer, Edmund, 3, 258, 286, 291 Velence (lake), 35, 37 38, 49, 199 Vereb, 200 Veresegyház, 11, 34 Veresváry, László, 66, 97, 207, 209 Vérhalom, Vérhalom Square, , 255 Vérmezó (meadow): battles for possession of, 171, , ; and break-out, 219; encirclement fighting on, 59; German gliders on (photograph), 180; Germans in at end of siege, 326; German officers at (photograph), 10; landing zone for food and supplies at, 76; Soviet strategy for, 158, 209, 270 Verolino, Gennaro, 266, 295 Vértes (hills), 63, 193 Vértessy, János, 215 Viczián, Antal, 317 Vidámpark (amusement park), 140 Vigadó (concert hall), 145, 302 Viharos, Gyula, , 186, 332 Villányi Road, 182, 185 Virányos, 208 Virányos Road, 218, 251 Visegrád, 140 Vistula (river), 51, 189 Víziváros, Vogel, Fritz, 242 Voronezh, 103 Vörös, János, 12 Voroshilov, Kliment Yefremovich, 347 Vörösmarty Street, 142 Wáczek, Frigyes, 33, 47, 215, 319 Wagner, Private, 279 Wallenberg, Raoul: arrest and disappearance of, xxii, xxiii, ; assisting Jews, 293, 298, 300, 302, 307; personal protection of, 316 War Academy (Hadiakadémia), 96 Warsaw, 257, Weinberger, Dezsó, 314 Weiss Manfred Works, 341 Weller, Karl, 164 Wenck, Walther, 190, 196 Werbó czy Street (today Táncsics Mihály Street), 81, 324 Wesselényi Street, , 318 Winkelmann, Otto, 43 44, 51, 274 Wöhler, Otto, 51, 247, 251 Wolff, Helmut, 84, 87, 219, 234, 238 Wolff Károly Street (today Hegyalja Road), 177, 180, 338 Yalta Conference, xxiii

19 index 475 Zadravetz, István, 263 Zagorian, M. U., 226 Zákó, András, 95 Zamertsev, Ivan Terentevich, 283, 349, 354, 365 Zehender, August, 85, 217 Zemplén (hills), 11 Zhazhikov, Kuzhabai, 69 Zhukov, Georgi Konstantinovich, 189 Zichy Jenó Street, 296 Zimányi, Tibor, 310 Zionist Hashomer Hatsair, 316 Zöld Hordó Inn, 58 Zolnay, László, 59 Zoo (Állatkert), Zsakó, István, 58, 109 Zsámbék, 53, 190, 193, 237, 246, 249 Zsámbék Basin, 53, 237 Zsigmond Square, 174 Zugliget, 55, 66, 217, 253 Zugló, , , 292, 308