GRAIN PRODCUTION AS CONTRIBUTION TO ANIMAL FEED in ETHIOPIA. Paper presented to
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1 GRAIN PRODCUTION AS CONTRIBUTION TO ANIMAL FEED in ETHIOPIA Paper presented to By BERUK YEMANE CHAIR PERSON OF ETHIOPIAN ANIAML FEED INDUSTRY ASSCOAITATION (EAFIA) MARCH 27, 2014 WINDSOR GOLF HOTEL AND COUNTRY CLUB NAIROBI,KENYA
2 Basic facts about the Livestock Sector Supports 80% of the rural population and 37 to 87 % of the household income, Contributes 15 to17 % of overall GDP and 35 to 49 % of agricultural GDP, 3 rd major Export Items: Live animals and livestock products such as meat, hides, and skins accounting for 11% of the export revenue, Average yields per animal slaughtered about 110 kg of beef and 10 kg of mutton, Average milk production performance of cows is about 270 liters per lactation (1.5 liters/cow/day over 6 months), Average/capita consumption of milk and meat is estimated at 19 and 12 kg, respectively. Feed cost accounts for 60 to 70% of the total cost of livestock production. In smallholder livestock production system, 85% of the feed intake is used to meet maintenance requirement of the animal and only 15% is used for production.
3 Major Feed Sources for Livestock 1. Natural pastures: grasses, legumes, herbs, shrubs and tree foliage 2. Crop residues: cereal straws like tef, wheat, barley, maize, and sorghum, grain legume haulms, such as haricot beans, field peas, chickpeas, lentils, and groundnut 3. Agro-Industrial by-products: flour mill by-products, oil seed cakes, brewery by-products and molasses 4. Milling by-products: wheat short, wheat middling, rice bran and screening 5. Oilseed cakes: noug cake, cottonseed cake, groundnut cake, linseed cake, sesame cake, sunflower cake
4 Area in hectare Crops 2012/13 (2005 E.C.) Cereals Pulses Crop Production as Related to Animal Feed Production in Tons 2012/13 (2005 E.C.) 9,601,035 19,651,152 1,863,445 27,510,31 Yield (ton/ hectare 2012/13 (2005 E.C.) N.A % PHL % export Amount used for feed Tons) Sources None 336,548 Teff, Barley, Wheat Maize, Sorghum Finger millet, Oats, Rice N.A N.A Faba beans, Field peas, Haricot beans Chick-pea, Lentils Grass peas, Soya beans Oilseeds 818,449 7,266,644 N.A N.A > ,362 Nug, Linseed, Cotton seed, Groundnuts, Flux, Safflower, Sesame, Rape seed Crop residues N.A Cereals & Grains Sugar cane 22,388 5,121, N.A Molasses and cane tops
5 Feed Other Sources of Livestock Feed sources Quantity (ton DM) Cereal straws/stovers 33,530,774 Pulse crop haulms 2,343,832 Oilseed straws 1,127,499 Vegetable wastes 101,735 Root crop by-products 465,059 Fruit crop by-products 2,164,572 Chat & coffee by-products 172,096 Sugar cane tops (not widely used) 356,332 Enset 5,558,482 Aftermath grazing* 8,121,471 Pasture grazing* 10,436,493 Fallow land grazing* 6,556,682 Woodland grazing* 1,486,960 Oilseed cakes 141,362 Wheat milling by-products 336,548 Others (5% of total) 3,644,995 Total 76,544,892
6 Production Capacity of Major Commercial Feed Companies Name of feed mill Feed mill (t/h) Mixer (t/h) Pelletin g (t/h) Facility/Installed Capacity Liquid mixing facility Ingredient storage capacity (t) Processed feed storage capacity (t) Alema Koudijs P.L.C (1) Ashraf (2) Akaki Animal Feed P.L.C (2) Kality Animal Feed Enterprise (3( Addis Alem Ag. Development PLC (3) BSLF Animal Feed Processing Plant Fantu and Family H.B.A General Business Ada aa Dairy Cooperative Almaz Poultry and Feed Processing Enterprise Ethio-Feed PLC
7 Price trends for agro-industry by-products in Birr/100Kg (2004/ /11) Byproduct Maize 1 st grade 2004/ / / / / / /11 % change Wheat bran Wheat middling Noug Cake Rapeseed Cake Soybean meal ND ND Cotton seed Cake Molasses
8 What aggravates the livestock feed crisis? - Mismanagement and degradation of grazing lands - Recurrent drought - Encroachment of invasive species - Availability, quality, and cost of feed ingredients - Excessive multiple taxation on feed product(eg VAT) and imported feed ingredients ( eg Premixes etc) - Land lease problem for forage development, dairy farms etc - Low market demand for commercial feed products
9 Focused Areas of Interventions to Stimulate Grain and Livestock Production - Encourage forage production and utilization of agri-by- products (conservation and quality feed production) - Increase efficiency of utilization of available feed resources (Innovative feed solutions) - Establishment of dairy board and initiate School milk programme (stimulate supply & demand in dairy value chain) - Policy dialogue with key government institutions ( VAT, Multiple taxation, Land Lease, Export of value added feed products) - Encourage private commercial feed and livestock production - Introduction of bio-technology in grain and feed Industry (eg feed additives, growth promoters', Premixes, to increase animal production
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