The areas of Spaceport where you can find the answers are in capital letters and also in brackets. (Solar System Area)

Transcription

1 KEY STAGE 3 SPACEPORT Quiz The areas of Spaceport where you can find the answers are in capital letters and also in brackets. (Solar System Area) 1 Why do Astronauts experience feelings of weightlessness in space? 2 List two side effects of being in space. 3 4 What can be found at the international space station? Petrol pumps A shop A research laboratory Can you match up the 4 rocky planets and the four gas planets? Circle the right answer! Jupiter Saturn Earth Venus Mercury Uranus Neptune Mars Draw lines between the words! 5 Which planet is the smallest? 6 What force is responsible for keeping us on the ground and keeps planets in orbit around the Sun?

2 7 a) What are comets made from? b) Can you name the two categories of comet? 8 Where would you weigh more, on Earth or on the Moon? Why is this? 9 Complete this sentence using the words below: The the the a planet is from the Sun its orbit is and the pull of is on it. GRAVITY WEAKER FURTHER BIGGER 10 What evidence is there that the Sun has an enormous gravitational force? 11 Which planet is sometimes known as the red planet? 12 a) On which planet might you find the great red spot? b) What is the cause of this?

3 13 Why is Neptune Blue? Because it s very cold there Because there are seas of methane Circle the right answer! 14 (Milky Way / Observatory Area) What can absorption lines tell us about a planets atmosphere? 15 Complete the following sentence using the words below: Astronomers can tell if a star is moving towards us or away from us by looking at the way its light waves stretch across the spectrum of visible light being emitted by the star. If it s moving closer the light will shift towards the end of the spectrum. If it is moving away from us the light will shift towards the end of the spectrum. RED BLUE 16 Name the dense clouds of gas and dust where stars are formed? 17 Can you name an example of one of these dense clouds of gas and dust? 18 What happens to the biggest stars once they have passed beyond the neutron star stage? 19 In which galaxy is Earth located?

4 20 Match up the stages of a stars life with the correct description below. Stars form initially from clouds of dust and gas found here. Draw lines between the stars and the words! Gravity forces the clouds of dust and gas to contract, spiralling inward as the temperature rises. Big stars begin to glow brightly once again and undergo a series of expansion and contractions where the heavier elements are formed in nuclear reactions. Big stars then eventually explode throwing out more dust and gas and leaving behind a very dense core. These explosions can be bright enough to briefly outshine its entire galaxy. Neutron Star Nebula Black Dwarf Red Giant This is the final stage in the life cycle of the largest stars. The force of gravity at the centre is so strong that not even light can escape. After a small star has cooled and contracted its light fades completely. At this stage of its life the star can no longer emit heat or light. Supernova Main Sequence Star White Dwarf Black Hole Protostar A small star will cool and contract. At this stage the star is very dense and it s faint light comes from stored heat energy. At some point, hydrogen begins to run out causing the star to swell and become red as its surface cools. When the temperature is high enough, nuclear fusion takes place as hydrogen nuclei are joined together to form helium nuclei giving out both heat and light. The star then enters a stage in its life cycle where the inward pressure caused by gravity is balanced by the outward pressure of this nuclear fusion. This period may last for millions of years depending on how large the star is. This very dense core of a star is made up entirely of neutrons.

5 KEY STAGE 3 ANSWER SHEET 1) Lack of gravity in space, without gravity you have no weight. 2) Space motion sickness causing headaches, nausea, dizziness and vertigo. Due to lack of gravity telling the inner ear which way is up and down. Eyes and ears disagree. 3) A research laboratory. 4) Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are, Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune and Uranus are. 5) Mercury 6) Gravity 7a) Ice, dust and sometimes particles of rock 7b) Short orbit and long orbit comets 8) You would weigh more on Earth as the force of gravity is greater on Earth than on the moon. 9) The further a planet is from the Sun the bigger its orbit is and the weaker the pull of gravity is on it. 10) The evidence is provided by the planets in our solar system orbiting the sun. 11) Mars 12a) Jupiter 12b) It is an enormous storm that is similar to a hurricane on Earth that has been ongoing for at least the 400yrs we have been able to observe it. 13) Because there are seas of methane. 14) Absorption lines can tell us which elements (e.g. hydrogen) are present in a planets atmosphere. The greater the line produced, the greater the absorption of the element in the atmosphere.

6 KEY STAGE 3 ANSWER SHEET 15) 1. Blue 2.Red 16) Nebulae 17) Cats eye, crab, helix, horsehead, omega, red rectangle, carina, boomerang, eagle, fox fur, ring, pelican, orion, tarantula etc. 18) They become black holes. 19) The Milky Way 20) Nebula Stars form initially from clouds of dust and gas found here. Protostar Gravity forces the clouds of dust and gas to contract, spiraling inward as the temperature rises. Main Sequence Star When the temperature is high enough, nuclear fusion takes place as hydrogen nuclei are joined together to form helium nuclei Red Giant At some point, hydrogen begins to run out causing the star to swell and become red as its surface cools. White Dwarf A small star will cool and contract. At this stage the star is very dense and it s faint light comes from stored heat energy. Black Dwarf After a small star has cooled and contracted its light fades completely. At this stage of its life the star can no longer emit heat or light. Supernova Big stars begin to glow brightly once again and undergo a series of expansion and contractions where the heavier elements are formed Neutron star This very dense core of a star is made up entirely of neutrons. Black hole This is the final stage in the life cycle of the largest stars. The force of gravity at the center is so strong that not even light can escape.