Heat Transfer: Radiation
|
|
- Esther Fields
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Heat Transfer: Radiation Heat transfer occurs by three mechanisms: conduction, convection, and radiation. We have discussed conduction in the past two lessons. In this lesson, we will discuss radiation. We will start by looking again at the electromagnetic spectrum. Figure 1: Equipment for Heat Transfer: Radiation black metal sheet white metal sheet E glass normal glass heat lamp (halogen light) with stand normal lamp (regular lightbulb) propane torch temperature probes or thermocouple Objectives [At the end of this lesson students will be able to...] describe the concept of radiation heat transfer and the equation governing this process. explain how this concept can be applied in our daily life and in space technologies. Start-up questions 1. How does heat (or energy) come to us from the sun? 2. What is in the space between planet earth and the sun? 3. Do all bodies produce heat? 4. Do you know how night vision goggles work? Heat Transfer: Radiation -- Page 1 of 6
2 Thermal Energy Transfer: Radiation Radiative heat transfer is the only way to transfer heat from one place to another that does not require a medium. Let's look again at the electromagnetic radiation spectrum and the various aspects and applications of radiation. Notice the relative energies of photons in the radio/tv, microwave, IR (infrared, heat), optical (visible), UV (ultraviolet), x-ray, and gamma ray bands. Figure 2: The Electromagnetic Spectrum We will demonstrate the transmission of infrared radiation (heat) through different glasses using a light meter and two sources of light (normal and heat lamp) by feel and thermocouple. Light meter reading without glass: Temperature reading without glass: Comparison of transmission through different glasses Normal glass E glass (energy efficient) Stain glass Dark double glass Visible Light (visual and light meter) IR (heat) (feel and thermocouple) Let's describe the basic concept of energy (or heat) transfer by radiation. We will develop the basic equation for radiative heat transfer, Stefan's law. First, some definitions: Radiation is the energy emitted from a surface as particles or waves. The rate of radiative emission per unit time and per unit surface area, or radiative flux, is represented as Q. Note that this "Q" is actually power per unit area, or P/A; it has different units than the "Q" that we used Heat Transfer: Radiation -- Page 2 of 6
3 for conduction. Again, to prevent confusion, just follow the units. In the MKS unit system, radiative flux is given in joules per second (watts) per square meter (W/m²). Radiative flux on the [4th power] temperature of the emitting surface: Q [temperature] 4 {where T is measured in Kelvins} Emissivity ( ) is the ratio of a surface's ability to emit radiant energy compared with the ability of a perfect black body of the same area at the same temperature. Emissivity is a dimensionless constant having values between 0 and 1. Perfect reflectors would have = 0. Perfect absorbers would have = 1. A material with high emissivity is efficient in both absorbing radiation energy as well as emitting it. Therefore a good absorber is also a good emitter. Q emissivity ( ) {0 < < 1} Now that we have the parameters, we need a constant to balance the equation. This is Stefan's constant (σ) [also known as the Stefan-Boltzmann constant]. It has a value in the MKS unit system of: W/(m² K 4 ). Putting this all together, we get Stefan's law (or the Stefan-Boltzmann law), which states that the radiative flux (Q) is equal to the emissivity times the fourth power of temperature in Kelvins times Stefan's constant: Q emitted = σt 4 This could also be written as: Q emitted = P/A = σt 4 There are some important points to keep in mind when working problems dealing with radiative flux. First, conservation of energy dictates that if you have any reflection (an emissivity of less than 1), then: Q incoming = Q absorbed + Q reflected Also, since emissivity affects radiation absorption in the same way that it affects emission: Q emitted = Q absorbed = Q incoming Note that this means if you are in space (where you only deal with radiative heat transfer) and you want to determine final temperature of an object with a given incoming radiative flux, the emissivity of the object does not matter: Heat Transfer: Radiation -- Page 3 of 6
4 Q emitted = Q absorbed = Q incoming = σt 4 so that: Q incoming = σt 4 Finally, keep in mind the possibility that your surface area for absorption may differ from your surface area for emission. For example, if I have flat panel that absorbs radiation from the sun (likely to occur only for one side of the panel at a time), the panel will emit radiation from both sides (here we are assuming that the panel is thin enough so that you only need to deal with two sides). To illustrate surfaces with different emissivities, we will place a black sheet and a white sheet near a heat lamp and feel the difference by hand and by measurement. Notice the importance of selecting a thermally efficient external color to energy conservation. A significant amount of heat in the summer in Alabama houses is generated through radiation absorption by the roof. Materials Emissivity of Some Common Materials Carbon Aluminum 0.11 Brass (oxidized) 0.61 Brass (unoxidized) Copper (oxidized) 0.60 Copper (unoxidized) Black gloss paint 0.90 Gold (polished) Fire brick 0.75 Emissivity Values (no unit, dimensionless) Example problems 1. I have a system in space that is generating a lot of waste heat which I need to get rid of by radiation into deep, cold space. The power I need to dump is ³ W. My external radiator has a surface area of 1.0 m by 2.0 m, has useful emission from only one side, and has an emissivity of 0.99 (pretty good absorber). What is the equilibrium temperature of my radiator in C? Solution: Since I am given the amount of radiation that I need to emit, I can determine Q emitted without having to worry about Q incoming. From the equation Q emitted = P/A = ³ W/(1.0 m 2.0 m) = 500 W/m² Heat Transfer: Radiation -- Page 4 of 6
5 Q emitted = P/A = σt 4 so that T = [Q emitted / σ] ¼ = {500 W/m²/[ W/(m² K 4 )]} ¼ = K We were asked for C, so convert from K to C: T = = 34 C 2. You work part time as a contractor building houses (to supplement your teaching income). Your client asks you what difference there is (if any) between using a light color roof and a dark color roof in the south where the summer is very hot (we all know that). The homeowner wants to use very dark shingles with an emissivity of The roof has a 6.0"-thick fiberglass insulation and the attic temperature is always maintained at 80.0 F (26.7 C= K). Thermal conduction through the roof to the attic and radiative loss are the main sources of heat transfer. Determine the equilibrium temperature in the day time for the shingles if the solar power is 1.0 kw/m². Solution: Energy absorption rate = 1.0 kw/m² 0.90 = 9.0 kw/m². Heat loss through conduction = (0.040 W/m K) / ( m) T = 0.26 (T- 300) W/m² Heat loss through radiation = σt 4 = W/(m² K 4 ) T 4 = T 4 W/(m² K 4 ) Balancing heat absorption and loss yields: 900 = 0.26T T T T = 0 (NOW WHAT DO WE DO????) You can either go and consult a mathematician to solve the equation or make some approximations. If we are lucky, we can get pretty close to the correct answer. Assume that the T 4 term is small compared to the other two terms (this is true for small T). Then the solution is simply T = 3760 K. This is a pretty high temperature and violates the assumption of small T. Actually if we substitute this solution into the original full equation, we have: This certainly is not equal to zero. Another assumption is that 0.26T is small; then we have as an approximation of the equation: T = 0 or T = 364 K (a much more reasonable assumption). To check, we can substitute this solution back into the original equation and we have: which indicates that our answer is a little high, but no more than about 10% off. Quite acceptable in this approximation. Heat Transfer: Radiation -- Page 5 of 6
6 Homework After teaching high school science for 20 years, you decided to change your career and became a space thermal scientist for NASA. You were charged with the design of a solar panel in space (the only heat transfer there is radiation, no heat conduction at all). Your solar panel receives 1.0 kw/m² of solar energy and its emissivity (also its absorptivity) is 0.60 (or 60.%). The solar energy is received on only one side at a time, but emission occurs on both sides. Determine the equilibrium temperature of the panel. Repeat the calculation for an emissivity of 0.30 and see what you find. Heat Transfer: Radiation -- Page 6 of 6
Take away concepts. What is Energy? Solar Energy. EM Radiation. Properties of waves. Solar Radiation Emission and Absorption
Take away concepts Solar Radiation Emission and Absorption 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Conservation of energy. Black body radiation principle Emission wavelength and temperature (Wein s Law). Radiation vs. distance
More informationPrinciple of Thermal Imaging
Section 8 All materials, which are above 0 degrees Kelvin (-273 degrees C), emit infrared energy. The infrared energy emitted from the measured object is converted into an electrical signal by the imaging
More informationOverview. What is EMR? Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) LA502 Special Studies Remote Sensing
LA502 Special Studies Remote Sensing Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) Dr. Ragab Khalil Department of Landscape Architecture Faculty of Environmental Design King AbdulAziz University Room 103 Overview What
More informationName: Class: Date: 10. Some substances, when exposed to visible light, absorb more energy as heat than other substances absorb.
Name: Class: Date: ID: A PS Chapter 13 Review Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. 1. In all cooling
More information1. At which temperature would a source radiate the least amount of electromagnetic energy? 1) 273 K 3) 32 K 2) 212 K 4) 5 K
1. At which temperature would a source radiate the least amount of electromagnetic energy? 1) 273 K 3) 32 K 2) 212 K 4) 5 K 2. How does the amount of heat energy reflected by a smooth, dark-colored concrete
More informationQ1. (a) The graph shows the temperature inside a flat between 5 pm and 9 pm. The central heating was on at 5 pm.
Q. (a) The graph shows the temperature inside a flat between 5 pm and 9 pm. The central heating was on at 5 pm. (i) What time did the central heating switch off? () (ii) Closing the curtains reduces heat
More informationAZ State Standards. Concept 3: Conservation of Energy and Increase in Disorder Understand ways that energy is conserved, stored, and transferred.
Forms of Energy AZ State Standards Concept 3: Conservation of Energy and Increase in Disorder Understand ways that energy is conserved, stored, and transferred. PO 1. Describe the following ways in which
More informationThe Three Heat Transfer Modes in Reflow Soldering
Section 5: Reflow Oven Heat Transfer The Three Heat Transfer Modes in Reflow Soldering There are three different heating modes involved with most SMT reflow processes: conduction, convection, and infrared
More informationTHERMAL RADIATION (THERM)
UNIVERSITY OF SURREY DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS Level 2 Classical Laboratory Experiment THERMAL RADIATION (THERM) Objectives In this experiment you will explore the basic characteristics of thermal radiation,
More informationCHAPTER 2 Energy and Earth
CHAPTER 2 Energy and Earth This chapter is concerned with the nature of energy and how it interacts with Earth. At this stage we are looking at energy in an abstract form though relate it to how it affect
More informationEnergy Pathways in Earth s Atmosphere
BRSP - 10 Page 1 Solar radiation reaching Earth s atmosphere includes a wide spectrum of wavelengths. In addition to visible light there is radiation of higher energy and shorter wavelength called ultraviolet
More informationLight as a Wave. The Nature of Light. EM Radiation Spectrum. EM Radiation Spectrum. Electromagnetic Radiation
The Nature of Light Light and other forms of radiation carry information to us from distance astronomical objects Visible light is a subset of a huge spectrum of electromagnetic radiation Maxwell pioneered
More informationProduction of X-rays. Radiation Safety Training for Analytical X-Ray Devices Module 9
Module 9 This module presents information on what X-rays are and how they are produced. Introduction Module 9, Page 2 X-rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation. Other types of electromagnetic radiation
More informationSolar Energy. Outline. Solar radiation. What is light?-- Electromagnetic Radiation. Light - Electromagnetic wave spectrum. Electromagnetic Radiation
Outline MAE 493R/593V- Renewable Energy Devices Solar Energy Electromagnetic wave Solar spectrum Solar global radiation Solar thermal energy Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal power plants Photovoltaics
More informationUNIT 1 GCSE PHYSICS 1.1.1 Infrared Radiation 2011 FXA
1 All objects emit and absorb thermal radiation. The hotter an object is the infrared radiation it radiates in a given time. It is continually being transferred to and from all objects. The hotter the
More informationRadiation Transfer in Environmental Science
Radiation Transfer in Environmental Science with emphasis on aquatic and vegetation canopy media Autumn 2008 Prof. Emmanuel Boss, Dr. Eyal Rotenberg Introduction Radiation in Environmental sciences Most
More informationFrom lowest energy to highest energy, which of the following correctly orders the different categories of electromagnetic radiation?
From lowest energy to highest energy, which of the following correctly orders the different categories of electromagnetic radiation? From lowest energy to highest energy, which of the following correctly
More informationWhat is Solar Control?
A better environment inside and out. Solar, Safety and Security Window Films: Tech Bulletin Understanding Solar Performance Solar Gard solar control window films use advanced technology to benefit consumers
More informationTOPIC 5 (cont.) RADIATION LAWS - Part 2
TOPIC 5 (cont.) RADIATION LAWS - Part 2 Quick review ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM Our focus in this class is on: UV VIS lr = micrometers (aka microns) = nanometers (also commonly used) Q1. The first thing
More informationTech Bulletin. Understanding Solar Performance
Tech Bulletin Understanding Solar Performance Bekaert solar control window films use advanced technology to benefit consumers with quality solutions that enhance comfort and decrease energy use. By understanding
More informationChapter 4: Transfer of Thermal Energy
Chapter 4: Transfer of Thermal Energy Goals of Period 4 Section 4.1: To define temperature and thermal energy Section 4.2: To discuss three methods of thermal energy transfer. Section 4.3: To describe
More informationEnergy and Energy Transformations Test Review
Energy and Energy Transformations Test Review Completion: 1. Mass 13. Kinetic 2. Four 14. thermal 3. Kinetic 15. Thermal energy (heat) 4. Electromagnetic/Radiant 16. Thermal energy (heat) 5. Thermal 17.
More informationGreen Heating. Pupil Research Brief. Teachers Notes. Syllabus Coverage Subject Knowledge and Understanding. Route through the Brief UPIL ESEARCHER
R P UPIL ESEARCHER Green Heating I NITIATIVE Pupil Research Brief Teachers Notes Syllabus Coverage Subject Knowledge and Understanding all types of electromagnetic radiation form a continuous spectrum
More informationCloud Radiation and the Law of Attraction
Convec,on, cloud and radia,on Convection redistributes the thermal energy yielding (globally-averaged), a mean lapse rate of ~ -6.5 o C/km. Radiative processes tend to produce a more negative temperature
More informationATM S 111, Global Warming: Understanding the Forecast
ATM S 111, Global Warming: Understanding the Forecast DARGAN M. W. FRIERSON DEPARTMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES DAY 1: OCTOBER 1, 2015 Outline How exactly the Sun heats the Earth How strong? Important concept
More information5. The Nature of Light. Does Light Travel Infinitely Fast? EMR Travels At Finite Speed. EMR: Electric & Magnetic Waves
5. The Nature of Light Light travels in vacuum at 3.0. 10 8 m/s Light is one form of electromagnetic radiation Continuous radiation: Based on temperature Wien s Law & the Stefan-Boltzmann Law Light has
More informationChapter 2: Solar Radiation and Seasons
Chapter 2: Solar Radiation and Seasons Spectrum of Radiation Intensity and Peak Wavelength of Radiation Solar (shortwave) Radiation Terrestrial (longwave) Radiations How to Change Air Temperature? Add
More informationSolar Flux and Flux Density. Lecture 3: Global Energy Cycle. Solar Energy Incident On the Earth. Solar Flux Density Reaching Earth
Lecture 3: Global Energy Cycle Solar Flux and Flux Density Planetary energy balance Greenhouse Effect Vertical energy balance Latitudinal energy balance Seasonal and diurnal cycles Solar Luminosity (L)
More informationModule 2.2. Heat transfer mechanisms
Module 2.2 Heat transfer mechanisms Learning Outcomes On successful completion of this module learners will be able to - Describe the 1 st and 2 nd laws of thermodynamics. - Describe heat transfer mechanisms.
More informationHomework #4 Solutions ASTR100: Introduction to Astronomy Fall 2009: Dr. Stacy McGaugh
Homework #4 Solutions ASTR100: Introduction to Astronomy Fall 2009: Dr. Stacy McGaugh Chapter 5: #50 Hotter Sun: Suppose the surface temperature of the Sun were about 12,000K, rather than 6000K. a. How
More informationConvection, Conduction & Radiation
Convection, Conduction & Radiation There are three basic ways in which heat is transferred: convection, conduction and radiation. In gases and liquids, heat is usually transferred by convection, in which
More informationPreview of Period 3: Electromagnetic Waves Radiant Energy II
Preview of Period 3: Electromagnetic Waves Radiant Energy II 3.1 Radiant Energy from the Sun How is light reflected and transmitted? What is polarized light? 3.2 Energy Transfer with Radiant Energy How
More informationESCI 107/109 The Atmosphere Lesson 2 Solar and Terrestrial Radiation
ESCI 107/109 The Atmosphere Lesson 2 Solar and Terrestrial Radiation Reading: Meteorology Today, Chapters 2 and 3 EARTH-SUN GEOMETRY The Earth has an elliptical orbit around the sun The average Earth-Sun
More informationEnergy. Mechanical Energy
Principles of Imaging Science I (RAD119) Electromagnetic Radiation Energy Definition of energy Ability to do work Physicist s definition of work Work = force x distance Force acting upon object over distance
More informationForms of Energy. Freshman Seminar
Forms of Energy Freshman Seminar Energy Energy The ability & capacity to do work Energy can take many different forms Energy can be quantified Law of Conservation of energy In any change from one form
More informationWhat Is Heat? What Is Heat?
What Is Heat? Paul shivered inside the wood cabin. It was cold outside, and inside the cabin it wasn t much warmer. Paul could hear the rain beating down on the roof. Every few minutes there would be a
More informationMAKING SENSE OF ENERGY Electromagnetic Waves
Adapted from State of Delaware TOE Unit MAKING SENSE OF ENERGY Electromagnetic Waves GOALS: In this Part of the unit you will Learn about electromagnetic waves, how they are grouped, and how each group
More informationInterested in conducting your own webinar? Email webinars@bnpmedia.com
Interested in conducting your own webinar? Email webinars@bnpmedia.com IR Applications in the Real World Archive www.process-heating.com Add to your favorites IR Applications in the Real World What it
More informationThe Electromagnetic Spectrum
INTRODUCTION The Electromagnetic Spectrum I. What is electromagnetic radiation and the electromagnetic spectrum? What do light, X-rays, heat radiation, microwaves, radio waves, and gamma radiation have
More informationPhysics PH1FP. (Jun15PH1FP01) General Certificate of Secondary Education Foundation Tier June 2015. Unit Physics P1. Unit Physics P1 TOTAL
Centre Number Surname Candidate Number For Examiner s Use Other Names Candidate Signature Examiner s Initials Question Mark Science A Unit Physics P1 Physics Unit Physics P1 Friday 12 June 2015 General
More informationGreenhouse Glazing Effects on Heat Transfer for Winter Heating and Summer Cooling
Greenhouse Glazing Effects on Heat Transfer for Winter Heating and Summer Cooling David R. Mears, Ph.D. Bioresource Engineering Department of Plant Biology and Pathology Rutgers University 20 Ag Extension
More informationEnergy Transport. Focus on heat transfer. Heat Transfer Mechanisms: Conduction Radiation Convection (mass movement of fluids)
Energy Transport Focus on heat transfer Heat Transfer Mechanisms: Conduction Radiation Convection (mass movement of fluids) Conduction Conduction heat transfer occurs only when there is physical contact
More informationBlackbody radiation derivation of Planck s radiation low
Blackbody radiation derivation of Planck s radiation low 1 Classical theories of Lorentz and Debye: Lorentz (oscillator model): Electrons and ions of matter were treated as a simple harmonic oscillators
More information1. Theoretical background
1. Theoretical background We consider the energy budget at the soil surface (equation 1). Energy flux components absorbed or emitted by the soil surface are: net radiation, latent heat flux, sensible heat
More informationAstronomy 110 Homework #04 Assigned: 02/06/2007 Due: 02/13/2007. Name:
Astronomy 110 Homework #04 Assigned: 02/06/2007 Due: 02/13/2007 Name: Directions: Listed below are twenty (20) multiple-choice questions based on the material covered by the lectures this past week. Choose
More informationTeaching Time: One-to-two 50-minute periods
Lesson Summary Students create a planet using a computer game and change features of the planet to increase or decrease the planet s temperature. Students will explore some of the same principles scientists
More informationTHE NATURE OF LIGHT AND COLOR
THE NATURE OF LIGHT AND COLOR THE PHYSICS OF LIGHT Electromagnetic radiation travels through space as electric energy and magnetic energy. At times the energy acts like a wave and at other times it acts
More informationActivity 9: Solar-Electric System PUZZLE
Section 4 Activities Activity 9: Solar-Electric System Puzzle ACTIVITY TYPE: Worksheet Overview: Introduces the basic components of the Solar 4R Schools (S4RS) solar-electric system and identifies the
More informationHello and Welcome to this presentation on LED Basics. In this presentation we will look at a few topics in semiconductor lighting such as light
Hello and Welcome to this presentation on LED Basics. In this presentation we will look at a few topics in semiconductor lighting such as light generation from a semiconductor material, LED chip technology,
More informationPreview of Period 2: Forms of Energy
Preview of Period 2: Forms of Energy 2.1 Forms of Energy How are forms of energy defined? 2.2 Energy Conversions What happens when energy is converted from one form into another form? 2.3 Efficiency of
More informationMCQ - ENERGY and CLIMATE
1 MCQ - ENERGY and CLIMATE 1. The volume of a given mass of water at a temperature of T 1 is V 1. The volume increases to V 2 at temperature T 2. The coefficient of volume expansion of water may be calculated
More informationSOLAR ENERGY How much strikes the earth? How much can my building get? When is it too much?
SOLAR ENERGY How much strikes the earth? How much can my building get? When is it too much? The sun: friend of foe? Drawing by Le Corbusier ENGS 44 Sustainable Design Benoit Cushman-Roisin 14 April 2015
More informationHow Landsat Images are Made
How Landsat Images are Made Presentation by: NASA s Landsat Education and Public Outreach team June 2006 1 More than just a pretty picture Landsat makes pretty weird looking maps, and it isn t always easy
More informationThe Earth s Atmosphere
THE SUN-EARTH SYSTEM III The Earth s Atmosphere Composition and Distribution of the Atmosphere The composition of the atmosphere and the way its gases interact with electromagnetic radiation determine
More informationa) species of plants that require a relatively cool, moist environment tend to grow on poleward-facing slopes.
J.D. McAlpine ATMS 611 HMWK #8 a) species of plants that require a relatively cool, moist environment tend to grow on poleward-facing slopes. These sides of the slopes will tend to have less average solar
More informationChapter 18 Temperature, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics. Problems: 8, 11, 13, 17, 21, 27, 29, 37, 39, 41, 47, 51, 57
Chapter 18 Temperature, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics Problems: 8, 11, 13, 17, 21, 27, 29, 37, 39, 41, 47, 51, 57 Thermodynamics study and application of thermal energy temperature quantity
More informationLecture 30 - Chapter 6 Thermal & Energy Systems (Examples) 1
Potential Energy ME 101: Thermal and Energy Systems Chapter 7 - Examples Gravitational Potential Energy U = mgδh Relative to a reference height Increase in elevation increases U Decrease in elevation decreases
More informationAfter a wave passes through a medium, how does the position of that medium compare to its original position?
Light Waves Test Question Bank Standard/Advanced Name: Question 1 (1 point) The electromagnetic waves with the highest frequencies are called A. radio waves. B. gamma rays. C. X-rays. D. visible light.
More informationHeat Transfer and Energy
What is Heat? Heat Transfer and Energy Heat is Energy in Transit. Recall the First law from Thermodynamics. U = Q - W What did we mean by all the terms? What is U? What is Q? What is W? What is Heat Transfer?
More information5 Things. You Must Know. Before Buying. Radiant Barrier
Consumer Report: 5 Things You Must Know Before Buying Radiant Barrier 1 INDEX I: How Do Radiant Barriers Really Work pg 3 A: Understanding Heat Transfer pg 3 B: How Radiant Barriers Stop the Heat pg 4
More informationD.S. Boyd School of Earth Sciences and Geography, Kingston University, U.K.
PHYSICAL BASIS OF REMOTE SENSING D.S. Boyd School of Earth Sciences and Geography, Kingston University, U.K. Keywords: Remote sensing, electromagnetic radiation, wavelengths, target, atmosphere, sensor,
More informationDepartment of Engineering Enzo Ferrari University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
Department of Engineering Enzo Ferrari University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Object: Measurement of solar reflectance, thermal emittance and Solar Reflectance Index Report Reference person: Alberto Muscio
More information1/9/2013. Terminology Calculating Heat Transfer Code Requirements Design Examples and Sustainability
1/9/13 By Brett T. Fagan, P.E. Presented by Marie Horan, P.E. Building Diagnostics, Inc. Building Diagnostics Terminology Calculating Heat Transfer Code Requirements Design Examples and Sustainability
More informationUnit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Get Energized! What are two types of energy? Energy is the ability to cause change. Energy takes many different forms and causes many different effects. There are two general types of energy: kinetic energy
More informationCurrent Staff Course Unit/ Length. Basic Outline/ Structure. Unit Objectives/ Big Ideas. Properties of Waves A simple wave has a PH: Sound and Light
Current Staff Course Unit/ Length August August September September October Unit Objectives/ Big Ideas Basic Outline/ Structure PS4- Types of Waves Because light can travel through space, it cannot be
More informationTable 1 r (m) I (W/m 2 ) 0.10 477.46 0.20 119.37 0.50 19.10 1.00 4.77 2.00 1.19 5.00 0.19 10.00 0.05 Table 2: Intensities at 1-m Distances Power (W)
Light Intensity The term intensity is used to describe the rate at which light spreads over a surface of a given area some distance from a source. The intensity varies with the distance from the source
More informationIterative calculation of the heat transfer coefficient
Iterative calculation of the heat transfer coefficient D.Roncati Progettazione Ottica Roncati, via Panfilio, 17 44121 Ferrara Aim The plate temperature of a cooling heat sink is an important parameter
More informationChapter 2: Forms of Energy
Chapter 2: Forms of Energy Goals of Period 2 Section 2.1: To describe the forms of energy Section 2.2: To illustrate conversions from one form of energy to another Section 2.3 To describe energy storage
More informationWaves Sound and Light
Waves Sound and Light r2 c:\files\courses\1710\spr12\wavetrans.doc Ron Robertson The Nature of Waves Waves are a type of energy transmission that results from a periodic disturbance (vibration). They are
More informationExam on Heat and Energy
Exam on Heat and Energy True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. Energy is the ability to cause change. 2. Energy is measured in joules. 3. When you ride a playground swing, your
More informationClouds and the Energy Cycle
August 1999 NF-207 The Earth Science Enterprise Series These articles discuss Earth's many dynamic processes and their interactions Clouds and the Energy Cycle he study of clouds, where they occur, and
More informationPTYS/ASTR 206 Section 2 Spring 2007 Homework #2 (Page 1/5) NAME: KEY
PTYS/ASTR 206 Section 2 Spring 2007 Homework #2 (Page 1/5) NAME: KEY Due Date: start of class 2/6/2007 5 pts extra credit if turned in before 9:00AM (early!) (To get the extra credit, the assignment must
More informationCONSERVATION AND LIGHTING
CONSERVATION AND LIGHTING Light is essential for the examination and enjoyment of collection items. But in a museum light also means damage: dyes and pigments fade or change appearance and the materials
More informationIntroduction to Chapter 27
9 Heating and Cooling Introduction to Chapter 27 What process does a hot cup of coffee undergo as it cools? How does your bedroom become warm during the winter? How does the cooling system of a car work?
More informationSolar heat reflective paint & coatings using 3M Glass Bubbles
Solar heat reflective paint & coatings using 3M Glass Bubbles 1- Introduction In most countries, energy use in the building sector represents about one third of the total energy consumption. In developing
More informationPhysics 1010: The Physics of Everyday Life. TODAY Black Body Radiation, Greenhouse Effect
Physics 1010: The Physics of Everyday Life TODAY Black Body Radiation, Greenhouse Effect 1 Admin Stuff Exams are at back of room, alphabetically in four piles. Please collect AFTER class Grades posted
More informationEnergy transfers (Particle theory, conduction, convection, IR, evaporation)
Energy transfers (Particle theory, conduction, convection, IR, evaporation) 88 minutes 88 marks Page of 72 Q. (a) The diagrams, X, Y and Z, show how the particles are arranged in the three states of matter.
More informationThe First Law of Thermodynamics
The First aw of Thermodynamics Q and W are process (path)-dependent. (Q W) = E int is independent of the process. E int = E int,f E int,i = Q W (first law) Q: + heat into the system; heat lost from the
More informationUniPlate. Solar Collectors SOLAR SYSTEMS. www.solarico.eu
UniPlate Solar Collectors SOLAR SYSTEMS www.solarico.eu keep the sun in mind Solar energy has by far the highest theoretical potential of the earth s renewable energy sources. It is the most abundant energy
More informationSOLAR ENERGY FUNDAMENTALS
Radiantec SOLAR ENERGY FUNDAMENTALS G E N E R A L S U P P L E M E N T 420 by Radiantec Company What is Solar Energy? What is the Sun? The sun is a star, not much different from the billions of others in
More informationCorso di Fisica Te T cnica Ambientale Solar Radiation
Solar Radiation Solar radiation i The Sun The Sun is the primary natural energy source for our planet. It has a diameter D = 1.39x10 6 km and a mass M = 1.989x10 30 kg and it is constituted by 1/3 of He
More informationWhy is it renewable? Well, the sun will always be there for us, and we can use as much of the sun s energy as we want and it will never run out.
6. Solar Energy So far we have been looking at how to reduce CO 2 emissions by cutting down on our use of fossil fuels. Now let s look at getting renewable energy from the sun. Why is it renewable? Well,
More informationSolar Power Analysis Based On Light Intensity
The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES) ISSN (e): 2319 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 1805 Pages 01-05 2014 Solar Power Analysis Based On Light Intensity 1 Dr. M.Narendra Kumar, 2 Dr. H.S. Saini,
More informationThe Physics of Energy sources Renewable sources of energy. Solar Energy
The Physics of Energy sources Renewable sources of energy Solar Energy B. Maffei Bruno.maffei@manchester.ac.uk Renewable sources 1 Solar power! There are basically two ways of using directly the radiative
More informationScience In Action 8 Unit C - Light and Optical Systems. 1.1 The Challenge of light
1.1 The Challenge of light 1. Pythagoras' thoughts about light were proven wrong because it was impossible to see A. the light beams B. dark objects C. in the dark D. shiny objects 2. Sir Isaac Newton
More informationSOLAR CELLS From light to electricity
SOLAR CELLS From light to electricity Solar Impulse uses nothing but light to power its motors. The effect of light on the material in solar panels allows them to produce the electricity that is needed
More informationENERGY & ENVIRONMENT
Greenhouse molecules, their spectra and function in the atmosphere by Jack Barrett Reprinted from ENERGY & ENVIRNMENT VLUME 16 No. 6 2005 MULTI-SCIENCE PUBLISING C. LTD. 5 Wates Way, Brentwood, Essex CM15
More informationInfrared and Its Application For Drying Coatings On Webs
Infrared and Its Application For Drying Coatings On Webs AIMCAL FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE 2005 By: Bob Narang Radiant Energy Systems, Inc. www.radiantenergy.com Water or solvent based wet coatings applied
More informationRADIANT HEATING WITH INFRARED
W A T L O W RADIANT HEATING WITH INFRARED A TECHNICAL GUIDE TO UNDERSTANDING AND APPLYING INFRARED HEATERS ed Contents Topic Page The Advantages of Radiant Heat............................... 1 The Theory
More informationResidential Windows, 3 rd edition Corrected index 1
Residential Windows, 3 rd edition Corrected index 1 A absorptance definition, 78 determinants of, 78 79 energy performance and, 78 tinted glass, 84 acoustical properties of windows, 60 61 acrylic glazing
More informationPHYSICAL WORLD. Heat & Energy GOD S DESIGN. 4th Edition Debbie & Richard Lawrence
PHYSICAL WORLD Heat & Energy GOD S DESIGN 4th Edition Debbie & Richard Lawrence God s Design for the Physical World is a complete physical science curriculum for grades 3 8. The books in this series are
More informationPOROUS BURNER - A New Approach to Infrared
Page: 1 POROUS BURNER - A New Approach to Infrared 1. Preface There are several possibilities to produce infrared radiation in the technical sense. Regarding the source of energy you can distinguish between
More informationChapter 2: Forms of Energy
Chapter 2: Forms of Energy Goals of Period 2 Section 2.1: To describe the forms of energy Section 2.2: To illustrate conversions from one form of energy to another Section 2.3: To define the efficiency
More information8.2 Cells and Energy. What is photosynthesis? Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts. CHAPTER 8. Solar cells and chloroplasts
CHAPTER 8 CELL PROCESSES 8.2 Cells and Energy To stay alive, you need a constant supply of energy. You need energy to move, think, grow, and even sleep. Where does that energy come from? It all starts
More informationPractice final for Basic Physics spring 2005 answers on the last page Name: Date:
Practice final for Basic Physics spring 2005 answers on the last page Name: Date: 1. A 12 ohm resistor and a 24 ohm resistor are connected in series in a circuit with a 6.0 volt battery. Assuming negligible
More informationGATEWAY SCIENCE B651/01 PHYSICS B Unit 1 Modules P1 P2 P3 (Foundation Tier)
F GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION GATEWAY SCIENCE B651/01 PHYSICS B Unit 1 Modules P1 P2 P3 (Foundation Tier) *CUP/T63931* Candidates answer on the question paper A calculator may be used for
More informationSemester 2. Final Exam Review
Semester 2 Final Exam Review Motion and Force Vocab Motion object changes position relative to a reference point. Speed distance traveled in a period of time. Velocity speed in a direction. Acceleration
More informationPHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT AND DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATIONS
PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT AND DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATIONS 1. Photons 2. Photoelectric Effect 3. Experimental Set-up to study Photoelectric Effect 4. Effect of Intensity, Frequency, Potential on P.E.
More informationLight. What is light?
Light What is light? 1. How does light behave? 2. What produces light? 3. What type of light is emitted? 4. What information do you get from that light? Methods in Astronomy Photometry Measure total amount
More informationData Bulletin. Mounting Variable Frequency Drives in Electrical Enclosures Thermal Concerns OVERVIEW WHY VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVES THERMAL MANAGEMENT?
Data Bulletin April 2001 Raleigh, NC, USA Mounting Variable Frequency Drives in Electrical Enclosures Thermal Concerns OVERVIEW Variable frequency drives are available from manufacturers as enclosed engineered
More information