Scientific Research in Renewable Energy in Brazil

Transcription

1 Scientific Research in Renewable Energy in Brazil Marcos Buckeridge Department of Botany, University of São Paulo Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory, CTBE, Campinas

2 BIOENERGY: what is it? renewable energy made available from materials derived from biological sources

3 Brazil (%) World (%) Flavio Fernandes, Edmilson Moutinho dos Santos, Instituto Brasileiro de Petróleo e Gás - IBP

4 The use of bioethanol in Brazil started in the Northeast at the beginning of the 20th Century Photography showing one of the tanks for ethanol storage as Usina Serra Grande (Source: Museu Carlos Lyra) In April 1933, there were ethanol pumps serving cars in severalcities in the Northeast of Brazil: 3 in Recife; 1 in Caruaru, 1 in Garanhuns, 2 in Maceió, 1 in Serra Grande, 1 in União dos Palmares.

5 Cars selling of light vehicles in Brazil ( ) Corrosion Optimization of combustion Proalcohol Flex engines

6 1st generation bioethanol: 1/3 of the energy in sugarcane plants is in the form of sucrose 6

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8 Trash: 1/3 of the energy in sugarcane plants The theoretical potential is to TRIPLE bioethanol production in Brazil, if we can fully develop the technology for 2nd generation bioethanol with sucarcane Bagasse: 1/3 of the energy in sugarcane plants 8

9 Pretreatment Hydrolysis Pentoses

10 ACTIVE BIOENERGY RESEARCH PROGRAMS IN BRAZIL CeProBIO

11 INDUSTRY SIBRATEC Pilot Plant CTBE US$ 50 mi US$ 5 mi US$ 500 mi BNDES-FINEP US$ 3mi CeProBIO US$ 3mi Centros Paulistas de Bioenergia Polo Terra, São Carlos Labioen, UNICAMP US$ 10mi US$ 47mi US$ 20 mi TOTAL: US$ 638 mi

12 WHAT KIND OF SCIENCE DO WE NEED TO ADVANCE?

13 STATEGIES TO IMPROVE SUGARCANE ETHANOL SUSTAINABILITY IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY - Average today: 40 t/ha - Goal: 60 t/ha - There are records of >150 t/ha - We continue to develop more productive varieties - Photosynthesis can be improved -MINERAL NUTRITION -WATER RELATIONS - PHOTOSYNTHESIS IMPROVING 1st GEN ETOH -We can still improve sucrose in Brazilian varieties. - Engineering can improve process efficiency, especially the fermentation step - GENETICALLY MODIFIED PLANTS FOR HIGHER SUCROSE - YEAST SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY DEVELOPING 2nd GEN ETOH -2/3 of the energy in sugaracne is in the cell walls - Part of it is used for bioelectricity -Biorefinery can be developed -CELL WALL ARCHITECTURE -PRETREATMENT - HYDROLYSIS -PENTOSE FERMENTATION IMPROVE EFFICIENCY OF COMBUSTION OF ETHANOL IN ENGINES Using the CO 2 produced during the process to empower algae to make biodiesel could be a great help to decrease CO 2 emissions

14 Brazilian route to obtain 2nd generation bioethanol next 3 to 5 years Choice of sugarcane varieties Alter fungyi genome Alter enzyme structure 4 4 Rotas para o etanol celulósico Marcos Buckeridge, msbuck@usp.br Cane 1 4 Bagasse and straw cell walls 2 pretreatments Sucrose 3 1 Enzymes 2, 3 e 4 glucose, xylose and arabinose BIOETHANOL

15 Sirius: The new Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source (3rd generation)

16 Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory Pilot Plant for Process Development (PPDP) Development of technologies for cellulosic ethanol (estimated raise of 40% in ethanol production). Complex for technological development is open to external groups. Offers scaling up to scientific community Deep scientific knowledge to overcome technological challenges pointed out by the productive sector.

17 Technological Assessment: Virtual Sugarcane Biorefinery A tool for: Assessment of impacts of new technologies on the ethanol production cycle. Optimization of processes and integration of new technologies in present industry. Analysis of priorities for investment planning. Investigation of the use sugarcane biomass as a carbon source.

18 Sustainability Ethanol sustainability evaluation, considering present and future technologies. Generation of data for public policies. Focus on obtaining data in the sugarcane cycle for a scientific discussion on: Energy balance and GHG emissions. Direct and indirect land use change. Soil carbon stock change, N 2 O and CH 4 emissions. Socio-economic impacts. Impact on the quality and availability of water resources.

19 33 labs in 6 states of Brazil

20 How to find information about research and researchers working on reneables in Brazil

21 Thank You Marcos Buckeridge Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de São Paulo Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol, CTBE, Campinas msbuck@usp.br