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1 Name: Choose the letter of the best answer. 1. Earth's inner core and outer core are both A. parts of the asthenosphere B. parts of Earth's lithosphere C. completely solid spheres D. made up of hot metals 2. How do Earth's crust and mantle differ? A. The crust is much thinner and less dense than the mantle. B. The crust is much thinner and denser than the mantle. C. The mantle is much thicker and less dense than the crust. D. The mantle is much thinner and denser than the crust. 3. Which of Earth's layers is broken into tectonic plates? A. inner core B. outer core C. lithosphere D. asthenosphere 4. Tectonic plates are made of A. continental crust and oceanic crust B. the crust and very top of the mantle C. parts of Earth's lithosphere and asthenosphere D. the rigid, upper mantle and part of the asthenosphere Date: Answer the following question on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper. 5. Contrast two of the following pairs of terms: oceanic crust and continental crust lithosphere and asthenosphere outer core and inner core If the statement is true, write "true" on the line. If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make it true. 6. Alfred Wegener used sea-floor spreading, ridge push, and slab pull to develop his hypothesis of continental drift. 7. Pangaea was a supercontinent that existed about 200 million years ago. 8. Mid-ocean ridges are sites where old ocean crust sinks into the asthenosphere. 9. The fact that ocean crust is older the farther away it is from an ocean ridge supports the theory of plate tectonics. 10. The transfer of heat by the movement of matter is called conduction. 11. One of the processes that cause tectonic plates to move is convection currents in the asthenosphere. Unsaved Test, Version: 1 1

2 12. Plate movement can occur when a plate is pushed away from an ocean trench during a process called ridge push. Answer the following question on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper. 13. Describe Alfred Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift. What evidence did he use to support his hypothesis? Select the term that best completes the statement. A. continental boundary B. convergent boundary C. divergent boundary D. hot spot E. magnetic reversal F. mid-ocean ridge G. rift valley H. transform boundary 14. An enormous gap that forms as new ocean crust cools and moves apart is called a. 15. A occurs wherever two plates move toward each other. 16. A can be used to track some plate movements because it stays in about the same place while the tectonic plate above it keeps moving. 17. Plates move horizontally past each other along a. 18. A spreading center is a on the ocean floor. 19. Patterns of recorded in ocean-floor rocks provide evidence of plate movement. Answer the following question on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper. 20. Compare and contrast a divergent boundary on land with a divergent boundary on the ocean floor. Use these terms: spreading, rift valley, mid-ocean ridge, and magma. Choose the letter of the best answer. 21. Subduction occurs A. along a transform boundary in the ocean B. when two oceanic plates pull apart C. when two continental plates converge D. when an oceanic plate and another plate converge Unsaved Test, Version: 1 2

3 22. What happens during a continental-continental collision? A. Folded mountain belts form. B. One plate sinks below the other plate. C. Mountains with volcanic peaks form. D. Island arcs form parallel to a trench. 23. Island arcs, such as the islands of Japan, form when two A. oceanic plates scrape past each other B. continental plates scrape past each other C. oceanic plates converge D. continental plates converge 24. Crust is neither destroyed nor formed along A. convergent boundaries B. transform boundaries C. oceanic-oceanic boundaries D. oceanic-continental boundaries Answer the following question on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper. 25. Explain what happens when an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate. Use these terms: trench, subduction, and mountains. Unsaved Test, Version: 1 3

4 Answer Key 1. D. made up of hot metals 2. A. The crust is much thinner and less dense than the mantle. 3. C. lithosphere 4. B. the crust and very top of the mantle 5. 4 pointsfor a response that accurately contrasts two pairs of terms Sample: Continental crustis the part of Earth's crust that makes up the continents. Oceanic crustforms the ocean floors and is thinner and denser than continental crust. Earth's lithosphereis made of crust and the uppermost part of Earth's mantle. The asthenosphereis a layer of hotter, softer rocks on which the lithosphere rests. Answers may also include: Earth's outer coreis a liquid sphere of hot, dense metals. The inner coreis a solid sphere that is also made of dense, hot metals. The outer core is liquid because it is under less pressure than the inner core. 3 points:accurately contrasts one pair of terms and partially contrasts another 2 points:accurately contrasts one pair of terms 1 point:partially contrasts one pair of terms 6. False / fossils, climate evidence, and geology of continents 7. True 8. False / Ocean trenches 9. True 10. False / convection 11. True 12. False / a mid-ocean ridge pointsfor a response that accurately describes Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift and accurately identifies the evidence he used to support this hypothesis Sample: Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift states that Earth's continents were once joined in a single large landmass. This landmass then broke up, and the continents slowly moved away from one another. Wegener's idea was supported by the discovery of similar fossils and similar geology on continents that are now far apart. Also, evidence of climate changes was found on continents. For example, tropical plant fossils found in Greenland showed that the land had once been near the equator. 3 points:accurately describes Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift and partially identifies the evidence he used to support this hypothesis 2 points:accurately describes Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift or partially describes Wegener's hypothesis and partially identifies the evidence he used to support this hypothesis 1 point:partially describes Wegener's hypothesis or partially identifies the evidence he used to support this hypothesis 14. G. rift valley 15. B. convergent boundary 16. D. hot spot 17. H. transform boundary 18. C. divergent boundary Unsaved Test, Version: 1 4

5 19. E. magnetic reversal points for a response that accurately compares and contrasts divergent boundaries on land with those on the ocean floor using all four terms Sample: Divergent boundaries on land and on the ocean floor are similar because both involve crust that is spreading apart. In both cases, a large gap called a rift valley forms. Along rift valleys, magma moves upward toward the thinning crust. On the ocean floor, a divergent boundary is called a mid-ocean ridge. At a mid-ocean ridge, cold seawater causes the rising molten rock to solidify along the ridge. Along a divergent boundary on a continent, the rift valley may eventually sink below sea level and fill with water. 3 points: accurately compares and contrasts divergent boundaries on land with those on the ocean floor using three of the four terms 2 points: accurately compares and contrasts divergent boundaries on land with those on the ocean floor using two of the four terms 1 point: partially compares and contrasts divergent boundaries on land with those on the ocean floor using one of the four terms 21. D. when an oceanic plate and another plate converge 22. A. Folded mountain belts form. 23. C. oceanic plates converge 24. B. transform boundaries points for a response that correctly explains what happens when an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate and accurately uses all three terms Sample: When an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate, the oceanic plate sinks below the continental plate. This process is called oceanic-continental subduction. At the point where these two plates meet, a deep-ocean trench forms. Along the coast of the continent, mountains form parallel to the trench. Some of these mountains are volcanoes. 3 points: correctly explains what happens when an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate and accurately uses two of the three terms 2 points: correctly explains what happens when an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate and accurately uses one of the three terms 1 point: correctly explains what happens when an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate or accurately uses one of the three terms Unsaved Test, Version: 1 5

6 Standards Summary CA 6.1.b CA 6.1.a CA 6.1.c CA 6.3.c CA 6.1.e Students know Earth is composed of several layers: a cold, brittle lithosphere; a hot, convecting mantle; and a dense, metallic core. Students know evidence of plate tectonics is derived from the fit of the continents; the location of earthquakes, volcanoes, and midocean ridges; and the distribution of fossils, rock types, and ancient climatic zones. Students know lithospheric plates the size of continents and oceans move at rates of centimeters per year in response to movements in the mantle. Students know heat flows in solids by conduction (which involves no flow of matter) and in fluids by conduction and by convection (which involves flow of matter). Students know major geologic events, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain building, result from plate motions. Unsaved Test, Version: 1 6