Content. Game goals Chess board Piece movement Check Rooking Pawn promotion En passant Stalemate Draw Piece values. FER-Zagreb, Chess 2014/15 1

Transcription

1 . Game rules

2 Content Game goals Chess board Piece movement Check Rooking Pawn promotion En passant Stalemate Draw Piece values 1

3 Game goals Ultimate game goals i to checkmate the opponent s King. Other goals include obtaining the piece advantage or position advantage. In some cases winning the game can be obtained with piece sacrifice (changing stronger piece for a weaker one). This games could be very beautiful. In many games a goad goal is to protect the King by rooking. The opponent goal could be to prevent the other player to rook the King, so that the attack on the King would be easier. The goal is to lead a Pawn to the th row and promote him to Queen. One of the first goal usually is to gain control of the middle four squares. The goal is to penetrate the opponent defensive lines. Other goals in the game will depend on the current piece positions.

4 Chess board Has squares. white and black squares The square in the right down corner should always be white! Columns are marked from a to h. Rows are marked from 1 to. Recommended square size is between and. cm, while the boards are usually cm x 0 cm. a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 1

5 Chess board Both Chess board and pieces could me made of various materials. They could also be thematic. Most widely used materials: Wood Glass Marble Metal Plastic Thematic Chess sets

6 Chess board Wood Glass Metal Marble Plastic

7 Chess board Croatian History North-South

8 Chess board Two players (White and Black). Each player has 1 pieces (King, Queen, Rooks, Bishops, Knights and Pawns). King and Queen are placed in the middle (1st and th row). Queen is always placed on the square color of the pieces (white Queen on white square). Rooks are placed farthest from the King; next to them are Knights and then Bishops. There are six types of pieces: Pawn Queen King Bishop Knight Rook a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 7

9 King Similar meaning in almost all languages. Most important piece which should be protected from checkmate. Differs from Queen by being a little higher and has a Cross on top. Symbol Appearance

10 King The movement did not change sing Chaturange. King can move one square in all directions, but can not enter a square attacked by opponent piece (or move next to opponent King. It can take any undefended opponent figure (except his King). Near the end of the game, when there is no immediate danger of checkmate, it can be a strong piece. a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 1 9

11 Check If a King is under a Check it must move out from the square it is placed on, or some other piece must deliver it from Check (by taking the attacking piece or blocking the Check). The problem of blocking Check with another piece is that it must not move it is being tied! 10

12 Rooking Rooking is used to protect the King by moving it from the middle of the board to side for easier defense. At the same time, the Rook is moved from the relatively inferior position to the middle where it can play a more active part. It is usually desired to rook the King early in the game, since there might not be opportunity for it later. Rooking is the only move with two pieces moving at the same time and the only move when King can move more than one square at once. 11

13 Rooking Rooking is possible on left and right side. The conditions: Rooking was not done previously There are no pieces between King and Rook Both King and Rook did not move previously Neither square between King and Rook should be attacked by the opponent s pieces. King must not be checked or come to a square after rooking where it will be under check. 1

14 Queen Queen movement in Europe was changed around 100 A.D. It was called both General and Adviser before. In Russia it was feminine until 1th century. While before 100 A.D. It was one of weaker pieces (it could move only one square diagonal), after the change it became the strongest piece. Symbol Appearance 1

15 Queen Each player has only one Queen at the beginning of a game. Queen moves as a Rook and Bishop together. In Russia it could have moved for a long time as a Knight as well. Queen can move diagonal on black or white squares (depending on the present position) as well as vertically or horizontally. It can not jump over other pieces. Most frequently selected on Pawn promotion. Usually deployed after Bishops and Knights in the game. 1

16 Rook In some languages it is called Tower (Tour - French). Name Rook is similar to Persian rokh meaning Chariot. In some countries this piece was a ship. The movement of Rook did not change throughout the history. Strongest piece after the Queen. Symbol Appearance 1

17 Rook Each player has a pair of Rooks. Moves horizontally or vertically on free squares. It can not jump over other pieces. Used in a rooking along with the King. Two tied Rooks are especially strong. 7 1 a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 7 1 1

18 Bishop In Croatia sometimes it s called Laufer, meaning runner (German). In France the name is Fou (Jester). Originally this piece was an Elephant (India) and it could have moved two squares diagonally (it could have jumped over a piece). From 1th century new rules for Bishop are being introduced. Bishop is weaker piece than Queen and Rook and equally strong as Knight. Symbol Appearance 17

19 Bishop Moves diagonally on free squares. Each player has a pair of Bishops, one white and one black, each moving only on either white or black squares. It can not jump over other pieces. 1

20 Knight In Croatia called also a Horse. In France it is called Cavalier (rider) and in Germany Springer (Jumper). Originally this piece was a rider. The movement rule for Knight did not change throughout history. Knight is equally strong as Bishop. Symbol Appearance 19

21 Knight Moves in a shape of letter L (or J): two squares up, one left two squares up, one right one square up, two left one square up, two right one square down, two left one square down, two right two squares down, one left two squares down, one right Each player has a pair of Knights. Knight can jump over other pieces (or go around them). a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 1 0

22 Pawn In some countries called peasant (Bauer in Germany). Originally this piece represented infantry. The movement rule mostly stayed the same throughout the history. The exception is the move en passant, and the possibility to move two squares at first move. Pawn is the weakest figure in game of Chess, but it can get promoted! Symbol Appearance 1

23 Pawn Moves vertically on free squares, except when taking opponent's piece. Then it moves diagonally. Besides the first move, Pawn can move only one square at a time. It can not jump over other pieces. Every player has eight Pawns at the beginning of a game. a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 1

24 Pawn promotion Arriving at th (last) row, Pawn can be promoted into Queen or any other piece if desired.

25 En passant En passant (passing) was introduced at the end of 1th century, approximately at the same time when it was allowed for the Pawn to move two squares at the first move. This rule was introduced in order to prevent escaping capture from the opponent's Pawn when passing next to it. En passant can be used only in the next move and not afterwards in later moves. It is not necessary to use en passant, unless it is the only possible move to avoid check(mate) or stalemate (sometimes used in Chess problems). a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 1

26 Stalemate Position in a game when a player is not in check but can not play a regular move at the same time. In this case a game is finished with a draw.

27 Draw Game when every player gets half a point. It happens in following cases: Stalemate Triple repetition of position If either player has not enough pieces to give a checkmate Agreement between the players If fifty moves were played without Pawn movement or taking a piece

28 Piece values Values in Table are given in general. Depending on the position, Pawn value can be higher than 1. In most cases it is considered that a Bishop is somewhat stronger than a Knight. Some authors state the attacking value of a King (), especially near the end of a game and in a case when there is no immediate danger of a checkmate. Queen is somewhat weaker than two Rooks and equally valuable as three Bishops. Rook is valuable as Bishop (Knight) and two Pawns. Piece Value Queen 9 Rook Bishop + Knight Pawn 1 7