Metric Tons of Carbon per billion BTU (1994 value)

Transcription

1 Table 3. Carbon Content of Fuels. (Source: Energy Information Administration 1994) Fuel type Metric Tons of Carbon per billion BTU (1994 value) Coal Coal (electricity generation) Natural gas Residual fuel oil Oil (electricity generation) Liquid petroleum gas Distillate fuel oil

2 Table 4. Percentage change in under alternative scenarios. Base Case Scenario in Steel Production 105,907 (10 3 Tons) Total Energy Use 1,238,333 (10 6 BTUs) Energy per Ton 8.88 (MT/Ton) Carbon Emissions 25,646,172 (MT) Carbon per Ton.2422 (MT/Ton) 1.0% GDP Growth +7.46% +5.42% -2.60% +5.58% -1.78% 2.8% GDP Growth -6.88% -5.16% +2.48% -5.29% +1.70% Low Population Estimate % % % +3.49% High Population Estimate % % % -3.34% Trade-weighted Dollar= % +3.23% -2.48% +3.38% -1.86% Trade-weighted Dollar= % -3.07% +2.36% -3.21% +1.78% 70% EAF Maximum Market Share N/C +0.10% +0.68% +0.49% +0.45% 90% EAF Maximum Market Share N/C -0.02% -0.90% -0.60% -0.62% 26

3 Table 5. Summary of Model Results for Cost of Carbon Scenarios. Base Scenario $50 per ton Carbon $100 per ton Carbon $150 per ton Carbon Total Energy Use (% change from 1994 levels to ) BOF Production (% change from 1994 levels to ) BF Energy use per ton of product (% change from 1994 levels to ) s lost in improvement in energy use per ton of product (BF) EAF Production (% change from 1994 levels to ) EAF Energy use per ton of product (% change from 1994 levels to ) EAF share of production in (%) s gained in improvement in energy use per ton of product (EAF) Total Carbon Emissions (% change from 1994 levels to ) Financial Parameters Cumulative present value of energy expenditures, - (billion 1994 $, 5% discount rate) Cumulative present value of payments, - (billion 1994 $, 5% discount rate) Energy expenditure in (billion 1994 $) Tax payments in (billion 1994 $)

4 Table 6. Summary of Model Results of Energy Tax Scenarios. Base Scenario 39% Energy Tax 77% Energy Tax 113% Energy Tax Total Energy Use (% change from 1994 levels to ) BOF Production (% change from 1994 levels to ) BF Energy use per ton of product (% change from 1994 levels to ) s lost in improvement in energy use per ton of product (BF) EAF Production (% change from 1994 levels to ) EAF Energy use per ton of product (% change from 1994 levels to ) EAF share of production in (%) s gained in improvement in energy use per ton of product (EAF) Total Carbon Emissions (% change from 1994 levels to ) Financial Parameters Cumulative present value of energy expenditures, - (billion 1994 $, 5% discount rate) Cumulative present value of tax payments, - (billion 1994 $, 5% discount rate) Energy expenditure in (billion 1994 $) Tax payments in (billion 1994 $)

5 Figure 1. Base Scenario US Steel Production Forecasts by Process and Total. 10 Steel Production (thousand short tons per year) Basic Oxygen Furnace Electric Arc Furnace Total 0 29

6 Figure 2. Base Scenario Purchased Energy Use by Energy Source and Total. 2e+6 Energy Use (billion BTU per year) 1e+6 Natural Gas Coal Total Electricity Fuel Oil 0e+0 30

7 Figure 3. Base Scenario Carbon Emissions by Energy Source and Total. 4e+7 Carbon Emissions (metric tons per year) 3e+7 2e+7 1e+7 Coal Natural Gas Fuel Oil Total Limestone 0e+0 31

8 Figure 4. Base Scenario Energy Use and Carbon Emissions per Ton of Steel Carbon per Ton steel (metric tons per short tons per year) 0.3 Energy per Ton Carbon per Ton Energy Use per Ton Steel (millio BTU per short ton per year)

9 Figure 5. Energy Use per Ton of Steel for Alternative Energy Tax Rates Energy Use per Ton of Steel (million BTU per short ton) Base Scenario 39% Energy Tax 77% Energy Tax 113% Energy Tax 6 33

10 Figure 6. Carbon Emissions per Ton of Steel for Alternative Energy Tax Rates. 0.4 Carbon Emissions per Ton of Steel (metric ton per short ton) 0.3 Base Scenario 39% Energy Tax 77% Energy Tax 113% Energy Tax

11 Figure 7. Energy Use per Ton of Steel for Alternative Costs of Carbon. 16 Energy Use per Ton of Steel (million BTU per short ton) $100 Cost of Carbon Base Scenario $50 Cost of Carbon $150 Cost of Carbon 8 35

12 Figure 8. Carbon Emissions per Ton of Steel for Alternative Costs of Carbon. 0.4 Carbon Emissions per Ton of Steel (metric ton per short ton) 0.3 Base Scenario 39% Energy Tax 77% Energy Tax 113% Energy Tax

13 Figure 9. Share of Electric Arc Furnace Production Under Alternative Scenarios. 0.7 EAF Share (% toal production from EAF) % Energy Tax $100 Cost of Carbon Base Scenario

14 Figure 10. Energy Use Under Alternative Scenarios. 1.60e+6 Energy Use (billion BTU per year) 1.40e e e+6 77% Energy Tax Base Scenario $100 Cost of Carbon 8.00e+5 38

15 Figure 11. Carbon Emissions Under Alternative Scenarios. 4e+7 Carbon Emissions (metric tons per year) 3e+7 $100 Cost of Carbon 77% Energy Tax Base Scenario 2e