Biorefineries in Poland. prof of PIMOT Krzysztof Biernat Ph.D. (Mech.Eng.) Presented by Katarzyna Wawryniuk M.Sc. (Eng.)

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1 Biorefineries in Poland prof of PIMOT Krzysztof Biernat Ph.D. (Mech.Eng.) Presented by Katarzyna Wawryniuk M.Sc. (Eng.)

2 Dear colleagues, I would like to apologize that I can not personally deliver the presentation and discuss on significant problems of bioeconomy. I hope that the lecture presented by Ms. Wawryniuk, meet with your interest. I wish you a pleasant stay in Łódź and in Poland, and a very fruitful meeting. Yours faithfully,

3 Reduction of CO emission basics Plans for 00: Reduction of CO emission of 0% from 1990 levels Increase a share of renewable energy to 0% in the final energy Increase a share of biofuels in the transport fuels to 10% Specific responsibilities for transport fuels: Obligation to realise of NIT 10% of the calorific value of fuels in 00 Reduction rate of CO emission from %, from % Obligation to realise of NRG from 00 6% CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY, ŁÓDŹ

4 Global trends and challenges Source: World Economic Forum Report, 010, CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY, ŁÓDŹ

5 Strategic Innovation and Research Agenda (SIRA) From lignocellulosic feedstock to advanced biofuels, bio-based chemicals and biomaterials, realising the feedstock and technology base for the next generation of fuels, chemicals and materials The next generation forest-based value chains: utilization of the fuel potential of forestry biomass by improved mobilisation and realisation of new added value products and markets The next generation agro-based value chains: realising the highest sustainability and added value by improved agricultural production and new added value products and markets Emergence of new value chains from (organic) waste: from waste problems to economic opportunities by realising sustainable technologies to convert waste into valuable products The integrated energy, pulp and chemicals biorefineries: realising sustainable bioenergy production by backwards integration with biorefinery operations isolating higher added value components CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY, ŁÓDŹ

6 Global context Bioeconomy race was started Biorefineries fit well within this context Climate protection, environment and energy are just examples of the areas where biorefineries could provide a solution Technical, commercial and strategic challenges require collaboration if biorefineries have to realise their potential CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY, ŁÓDŹ

7 Biorefinery definition The IEA Bioenergy Task 4 Biorefining proposed the following definition of biorefinery: Biorefining is the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of bio-based products (food, feed, chemicals, and materials) and bioenergy (biofuels, power and/or heat) CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY, ŁÓDŹ

8 General scheme of biorefinery installation Feedstock Mechanical process Chemical process Platform Biochemical process Bioproducts BIOREFINERY Bioenergy CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY, ŁÓDŹ

9 Biorefinery feedstocks Byproducts of other substances processing Biodegradable waste products of vegetable or animal origin Dedicated plants grown for energy purposes Waste from forestry Biodegradable fraction of industrial and municipal waste CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY, ŁÓDŹ

10 Biorefinery concept CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY, ŁÓDŹ

11 Basic biorefinery systems due to the nature of the raw materials used and technological capabilities Whole crop biorefinery in which the substrate is a whole plant crop. A variety constitute oleorefineries, which use oil seeds (eg. rapeseed, sunflower, soya) Green biorefineries using inedible green parts of plants or entire energy crops (eg. wet biomass, green grass, alfalfa, clover, immature grain, not suitable for farming and the food industry plants or parts of them) Lignocellulosic biorefineries, based on lignocellulosic biomass (eg. wood, straw, waste from the forest industry, wood, paper) -platform biorefineries (producing syngas and sugars in a single technological platform, with simultaneous production of fuels in the second platform), based on renewable raw materials (biomass waste from agriculture, forestry, food industry, biodegradable municipal waste) CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY, ŁÓDŹ

12 Estimation of EU market demand on bioproducts till 030 Source: Overcoming hurdles for innovation in industrial biotechnology in Europe, Market Roadmap: Draft 3, BIO-TIC CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY, ŁÓDŹ

13 Main targets Complex processing of biomass and residues into a spectrum of chemical products with the highest possible efficiency Implementation of biorefinery concept into existing oil refinery technology with taking into account technological, logistic, ecological and social aspects Technology of conversion solid biomass and residues into liquid form and complex sustainable processing into biofuel and value-added products Adaptation of existing oil refinery technology (distillation, refination, thermal and cathalytical cracking, hydrogenation processes) for converting of purified and liquid feedstock (bio-oil) into biofuel for car engines and power plants Biorefineries using potential of existing small oil refineries can be beneficial for region development by using local feedstocks and human resources CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY, ŁÓDŹ

14 Background of PIMOT biorefinery concept In Poland there is a few low-efficient small oil refineries, which untapped technological, infrastructure and human potential could be used for biorefinery complex building This potential can be used for innovative processing and refine processed biomass to the liquid form The project idea is to build an pilot biorefinery using technology potential of small oil refinery in Poland Planned undertaking widely reduces capital costs and enable production of chemical substances and advanced biofuels, fulfilling qualitative requirements of modern engines and heat devices CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY, ŁÓDŹ

15 -platform biorefinery (PIMOT concept) CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY, ŁÓDŹ

16 R&D main problems Optimisation of biomass and residues pyrolysis processes or new biomass conversion processes Technology of production value-added co-products Adaptation of existing production technologies for converting bio-oil into advanced biofuels Technology of converting co-products into marketable products CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY, ŁÓDŹ

17 Selective pyrolisis/furfural route CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY, ŁÓDŹ

18 ETG (ethanol to gasoline) basic chemical reaction Process conditions Catalytic process, 400 C/0 bar Maximum efficiency for creating fractions of hydrocarbon isomers with a chain length up to 1 carbon atoms and b.p. between 7-10 C CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY, ŁÓDŹ

19 ETG feedstock agricultural waste food waste residues from food production Crop production [mln ton/year] World EU Poland Corn Potatoes , Oil plants , Sugar beet Sugar cane Fruits and veg , Milk The feedstock for the ethanol production corn, potatoes, sugar beet, fruits and vegetables, milk The feedstock for FAME oil plants The amount of waste is proportional to the agricultural production CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY, ŁÓDŹ

20 Basic assumptions of the technological process of ETG CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY, ŁÓDŹ

21 The mass balance diagram CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY, ŁÓDŹ

22 The energy balance diagram CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY, ŁÓDŹ

23 The product characteristics Devoid of nitrogen and metals Low content of benzene and sulfur The calorific value is 43,1 MJ/kg Density 750 kg/m 3 CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY, ŁÓDŹ

24 Composition group of the ETG product Paraffins i-paraffins Olefin Naphthene Aromatics Total C- number min-max average min-max average min-max average min-max average min-max average C1-C C C C C C C C C10-C C Total CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY, ŁÓDŹ

25 Ready to implementation of EKOBENZ project CTM (carbon to methanol) technology Methanol is obtained by the catalytic reaction of carbon dioxide and hydrogen Carbon dioxide captured in the production of bio-components and biofuels reduce their emissions The total amount of energy consumed to produce the methanol is approx. 160% of the calorific value of the obtained methanol Capture and use of carbon dioxide for transport, if the energy source is renewable counts twice (position of the EP from 8 April 015) CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY, ŁÓDŹ

26 The product characteristics Benefits for the economy Diversification of energy supplies Development of industrial production based on domestic raw materials Increase of agricultural production, land fallow utilization and solution for crop rotation for food crops Obtaining high-quality animal feed or organic fertilizer at the stage of alcoholic fermentation Benefits for environment Implementation of a product with the potential of GHG reduction of > 60% The NRG realization after 00 Environmentally friendly, low-emission production process CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY, ŁÓDŹ

27 Vision of development of biorefineries in Poland Poland is the main producer of FAME We have agricultural resources In Poland should be developed agrorefineries with partially produced added value Biorefineries are important element for bioeconomy deployment Biorefinery needs transdisciplinary approach (multi-stakeholders) involving also multiple markets Creation of market-pull is needed ENERGY DELIVERED AGROREFINERY FOR EXAMPLE TRANSPORT CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY, ŁÓDŹ

28 Thank you for your attention Krzysztof Biernat Automotive Industry Institute 55 Jagiellońska Street Warsaw Tel

Biorefineries. International status quo and future directions. Ed de Jong / Rene van Ree

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