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1 Chapte 5. Foce and Motion In this chapte we study causes of motion: Why does the windsufe blast acoss the wate in the way he does? The combined foces of the wind, wate, and gavity acceleate him accoding to the pinciples of dynamics. Chapte Goal: To establish a connection between foce and motion.
2 Chapte 5. Foce and Motion Topics: Foce A Shot Catalog of Foces Identifying Foces What Do Foces Do? Newton s Second Law Newton s Fist Law Fee-Body Diagams
3 Foce: Popeties 1. Push o Pull 2. Acts on an object 3. Foce is a vecto 4. Foce is eithe a contact foce o long ange foce 3
4 Foce: Popeties Foce is a vecto The net foce is the vecto sum of the individual foces How can we find the individual foce? 4
5 Majo Foces: 1. Weight gavitational foce magnitude: w = mg pulls the objects down detemines its diection m - Mass of the object g = - fee-fall acceleation 9.8 m s 2 5
6 Majo Foces: 1. Weight gavitational foce w = mg 2. Sping Foce Fsp = kx k x - coefficient, which depends only on geometic paametes of the sping - change in the length of the sping = l 6
7 Majo Foces: 1. Weight gavitational foce 2. Sping Foce 3. Tension Foce F T sp = kx w = mg diection is always in the diection of the ope magnitude - usually found fom the condition of equilibium 7
8 Majo Foces: 1. Weight gavitational foce 2. Sping Foce 3. Tension Foce 4. Nomal Foce n F = kx T sp w = mg diection is always pependicula to the suface magnitude - usually found fom the condition of equilibium 8
9 Majo Foces: 1. Weight gavitational foce 2. Sping Foce 3. Tension Foce 4. Nomal Foce 5. Fiction F n sp = kx T w = f k mg - Kinetic fiction opposes the motion f s diection opposite the velocity vecto - static fiction pevent the motion of the object diection opposite the diection in which the object would move 9
10 Majo Foces: 1. Weight gavitational foce w = mg 2. Sping Foce 3. Tension Foce Fsp T = kx 4. Nomal Foce n 5. Fiction - kinetic fiction f k - static fiction f s 10
11 Foce Identification n f s n T w = mg f k w = mg 11
12 Fee-Body Diagam 1) Object as a paticle 2) Identify all the foces 3) Find the net foce (vecto sum of all individual foces) 4) Find the acceleation of the object (second Newton s law) 5) With the known acceleation find kinematics of the object 12
13 Newton s Laws of Motion It was Isaac Newton ( ) who ealized the impotance of foce and its connection with motion. Thee Laws of motion 1st Law: inetia 2nd Law: change in motion 3d Law: action and eaction pais
14 About Newton In 1665, shotly afte getting a bachelo s degee at Cambidge, Newton was foced to etun to his home because of the Geat Plague. Duing the next 18 months he fomulated most of his scientific discoveies: including, the development of his thee Laws of motion, the Law of gavitation, the invention of the calculus, the dispesion of light, the building of a eflecting telescope, and so on. That shot peiod was pobably the most ceative peiod in the histoy of man... and it will neve be epeated! Newton s book of 1687: the Pincipia Mathematica
15 An object of mass Newton s Second Law m undego an acceleation given by subject to foces will a = n T F net m F, F, a = w + n + T + f k m f k w mg = 15
16 a = F net m Newton s Second Law w + n + T + f a = k m n T y It is convenient to intoduce coodinate system and wite the Newton s second law in tems of vecto components x No motion in y-diection: f k w = mg a y = w y 0 + n = 0 ma = w + T f x x k Fo motion in x-diection: 16
17 Fee-fall motion w = mg Then fom the second Newton s law: w a mg = = = m m g g = 9.8 m 2 s The acceleation is the same fo all objects (does not depend on the mass of the object) 17
18 Newton s Fist Law An object that is at est will emain at est, o an object that is moving will continue to move in a staight line with constant velocity, if and only if the net foce acting on the object is zeo. a = 0 F net = 0 then velocity is constant Static equilibium Dynamic equilibium 18
19 Inetial efeence fames Inetial efeence fame is the coodinate system in which Newton s laws ae valid. The eath is an inetial efeence fame Any othe coodinate systems, which ae taveling with constant velocity with espect to the eath is an inetial efeence fame Ca taveling with constant velocity is an inetial efeence fame Ca taveling with acceleation is NOT an inetial efeence fame (violation of Newton s law) 19
20
21 Chapte 5. Summay
22 22
23 Chapte 5. Questions
24 Two of thee foces exeted on an object ae shown. The net foce points to the left. What is the missing thid foce?
25 Two of thee foces exeted on an object ae shown. The net foce points to the left. What is the missing thid foce?
26 You ve just kicked a ock, and it is now sliding acoss the gound about 2 metes in font of you. Which of these foces act on the ball? A. Gavity, acting downwad B. The nomal foce, acting upwad C. The foce of the kick, acting in the diection of motion D. Fiction, acting opposite the diection of motion E. A, B, and D but not C.
27 You ve just kicked a ock, and it is now sliding acoss the gound about 2 metes in font of you. Which of these foces act on the ball? A. Gavity, acting downwad B. The nomal foce, acting upwad C. The foce of the kick, acting in the diection of motion D. Fiction, acting opposite the diection of motion E. A, B, and D but not C.
28 Two ubbe bands stetched the standad distance cause an object to acceleate at 2 m/s 2. Suppose anothe object with twice the mass is pulled by fou ubbe bands stetched the standad length. The acceleation of this second object is A. 16 m/s 2. B. 8 m/s 2. C. 4 m/s 2. D. 2 m/s 2. E. 1 m/s 2.
29 Two ubbe bands stetched the standad distance cause an object to acceleate at 2 m/s 2. Suppose anothe object with twice the mass is pulled by fou ubbe bands stetched the standad length. The acceleation of this second object is A. 16 m/s 2. B. 8 m/s 2. C. 4 m/s 2. D. 2 m/s 2. E. 1 m/s 2.
30 Thee foces act on an object. In which diection does the object acceleate?
31 Thee foces act on an object. In which diection does the object acceleate?
32 An elevato suspended by a cable is moving upwad and slowing to a stop. Which fee-body diagam is coect?
33 An elevato suspended by a cable is moving upwad and slowing to a stop. Which fee-body diagam is coect?
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