Enterprise Ontology. Business Architecture

Transcription

1 Enterprise Ontology Business Architecture Jan L.G. Dietz LAC slide 1 Lecture LAC 2012

2 about architecture What is the missing word? Business defines the business strategy, governance, organization, and key business processes. Business describes the product and/or service strategy, and the organizational, functional, process, information, and geographical aspects of the business environment, based on the business principles, business goals, and strategy drivers. LAC slide 2

3 In 2008 the final report of the NAF working group Extensible Architecture Framework was published. Members: ARCHITECTURE Architecture is omnipresent and natural. Every child applies it, and it will keep doing so as a grown-up. Both Salvador Dali and Vincent van Gogh were guided by functional and constructional or to please. Examples of constructional principles were to use oil color or water color. Design principles are the operational shape of architecture. Conceptually, it is normative restriction of design freedom. The rationale for architecture is simply that our design going to use this freedom? Through the whole history of mankind, people have answered the question in much the same way; they use design freedom for expressing their individual or collective vision. ONTOLOGY CONSTRUCTIONAL PRINCIPLES FUNCTIONAL PRINCIPLES function design OBJECT SYSTEM FUNCTION construction design OBJECT SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION ONTOLOGY engineering freedom is always too large. The question then is: how are you USING SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION reverse engineering principles. Examples of functional principles for them were to shock Architecture ecture In this book, architecture is introduced and elaborated for the area of business and ICT (information and communication in this area. Unfortunately, the original notion of architecture has degenerated into something like a blueprint or a global design. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS This degeneration process must be stopped, the sooner the better. Certainly, there is also a need for global understanding of complex CONSTRUCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS implementation technology). Fortunately, there is a lot of talk about architecture implementation about architecture Enterprise Ontology - Business Architecture systems, for abstraction from irrelevant details. However, for this goal we have the notion of system ontology. It provides the TECHNOLOGY understanding of a system in a coherent, consistent, complete and concise way, fully abstracted from all implementation aspects. TECHNOLOGY Architecture The aim of the book is to make the notion of architecture crisp and clear and to show how one can benefit from it in (re) designing and (re) engineering systems in the area of business and ICT, ranging from infrastructural networks to enterprises. Having a corporate strategy is good but having the means to make this strategy operational is better. That is what architecture can achieve: to build strategy into design. Frameworks) working group of the NAF (Netherlands Architecture Forum). About the author Jan Dietz is professor in Information Systems Design at Delft University of Technology (The Netherlands). He is the spiritual father of DEMO (Design & Engineering Methodology for Organizations), co-founder and chairman of the DEMO Center of Expertise ( member of the board of the NAF and chairman Building strategy into design This book is the final report of the xaf (Extensible Architecture Building strategy into design Jan L.G. Dietz of the NAF working group xaf ( NAF_Architecture_DEF.indd :27:01 Frank Baldinger Jeroen van Beele Frits Broekema Wiel Bruls André van Dalen Jan Dietz Henk Gingnagel Hans Goedvolk Guido van der Harst Bart-Jan Hommes Jan Hoogervorst Michel Janssen Olaf Kruidhof Henk Lof Paul Mallens Wouter Mellink Karin Middeljans Marleen Olde Hartmann Martin Op t Land Erik Proper Roelof Rabbers Louis Stevens Leon van der Torre Wim Verbeek Rob Vreke LAC slide 3

4 the design process P The core of designing (1) Dietz, J.L.G., Denkwijzen, methoden en technieken. In: Handboek Informatica, Samsom Bedrijfsinformatie, Alphen a/d Rijn, januari beste pad B1 globaal P B2 B1 B3 synthese B3 B4 B4=O slechtste pad O gedetailleerd B2 vaag analyse scherp LAC slide 4

5 the design process The core of designing (2) Dijkstra s solution of the Greatest Common Divisor analysis GCD(x,y) = GCD(y,x) GCD(x,y) = GCD(-x,y) GCD(x,y) = GCD(x+y,y) = GCD(x-y,y), etc. GCD(x,y) = x if x=y synthesis proc GCD(X,Y; solution); (X,Y > 0) x,y := X,Y; do x>y x := x-y y>x y := y-x od; solution := x LAC slide 5

6 the design process The need for broadening the scope (1) Dietz, J.L.G., Denkwijzen, methoden en technieken. In: Handboek Informatica, Samsom Bedrijfsinformatie, Alphen a/d Rijn, januari bedrijfssysteem informatiesysteem oud (her)ontwerp informatiesysteem nieuw datasysteem oud (her)ontwerp datasysteem nieuw LAC slide 6

7 apter 4 the design process The need for broadening the scope (2) uses uses supports supports B- organization engineering B- application organization sales B-organization sales I- I-organization F C engineering sales IS D- organization F C engineering D- application F C F C F C F C realization Software implementation F C Hardware LAC slide 7 ICT-system Figure 4.9 Engineering the sales information system (1)

8 The τ-theory About construction (1) The construction of a system is an objective notion. Therefore, one can rightly say that a system is its construction. Because constructional models of systems show their construction openly, they are commonly called white-box models. The ontological model of a system is the construction model that is fully independent of the system s implementation. Therefore, it is said to constitute the essence of the system. Examples of white-box models: The DEMO Process Model of a business process A BPMN or Archimate model of a workflow A UML Activity Diagram of a software system LAC slide 8

9 The τ-theory About function (1) The function of a system is a subjective notion. Function is not a system property but a relationship between a system and a stakeholder. Consequently, a system may have as many functions as there are stakeholders. Note: regarding artefacts, one may speak of their intended function (intended by the designer). Because functional models of systems fully hide their construction, they are commonly called black-box models. Examples of black-box models: A value-based model of a business process An IDEF0 model of a workflow A DFD of a software system LAC slide 9

10 The τ-theory The Generic System Development Process architecture reverse engineering using system construction USING ontology SYSTEM functional principles function analysis design design object system function constructional principles construction synthesis design object system construction engineering OBJECT ontology SYSTEM OBJECT SYSTEM implementation functional requirements iteration constructional requirements implementation technology technology LAC slide 10

11 apter 5 The τ-theory Business architecture business architecture architecture using system construction functional principles constructional principles object system construction reverse engineering market implementation function design functional requirements OBJECT ization SYSTEM OBJECT SYSTEM B-organization construction design constructional requirements B-organ- HR, AO, etc. implementation engineering enterprises people LAC slide 11 Figure 5.2 Business Architecture

12 enterprise engineering The pillars of Enterprise Engineering Enterprise Architecture Enterprise Architecture is about making strategy operational through Conceptually, Enterprise Architecture design principles is the deliberate restriction of design freedom, on top of the specific requirements. Enterprise Ontology is the implementation independent essence Practically, Enterprise Architecture is a set of design principles. of an organization Applying them achieves alignment between strategy and operation. Enterprise Governance is the organizational capacity for devising and steering change LAC slide Jan L.G. Dietz: EE & EO - slide 9

13 enterprise engineering The Enterprise Engineering objectives Intellectual manageability This is particularly achieved through Enterprise Ontology. Organizational concinnity This is particularly achieved through Enterprise Design, encompassing Enterprise Ontology and Enterprise Architecture, and guided by Enterprise Governance. Social devotion Achieving these qualities is a policy decision. Enterprise Ontology and Enterprise Governance facilitate it. LAC slide 13

14 enterprise engineering The CIAO! Network Research Almaden, USA TU Lisboa Moscow and Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia Public Research Centre, Luxembourg LAC slide 14

15 Design & Engineering! DEMO!! Methodology for Organizations! the pioneer methodology in!!! Enterprise Engineering! LAC slide 15

16 enterprise engineering The Enterprise Engineering Institute Stimulates application of, and education in Enterprise Engineering. Its board consists of people from practice. Application Manages the pioneer methodology DEMO as open standard. Hundreds of DEMO projects have been carried through, successfully! Education Facilitates training and examination in DEMO: 400 certified DEMO Professionals and 20 certified DEMO Masters. In 2014 a post-graduate University Master in EE will be running (cooperation of TU Delft and Antwerp Management School). LAC slide 16

17 enterprise engineering Some DEMO studies Post merger integration of the Cargo Divisions of Air France and KLM (intellectually managing complexity) Organization of civil engineering projects (DEMO is the standard in ISO/CD since July 2011) Disaster Management in Japan (to be better prepared for next earthquakes and tsunamis) Organization wide knowledge management at Royal Netherlands Marechaussee (high employee involvement; full transparency of the organization) Home Care System Transformation in Central Finland (intellectual manageability; organizational concinnity) LAC slide 17

18 Conclusions Conclusies De soort systemen (organisaties) waar we mee te maken hebben, zijn de meest complexe binnen de GST classificaties. Het niveau van professionaliteit daarentegen in onze wereld is verontrustend laag. EE/DEMO heeft aangetoond dat het bereiken van de drie doelstellingen in alle omstandigheden haalbaar is. LAC slide 18

19 Conclusions Organizational Essence Awareness Colleges Dinsdag 22 januari 2013, 18:30-21:30 uur. Dinsdag 19 februari 2013, 18:30-21:30 uur. Dinsdag 19 maart 2013, 18:30-21:30 uur. Dinsdag 16 april 2013, 18:30-21:30 uur. TU Delft, TBM, Jaffalaan 5, collegezaal A. Verdere mededelingen en aanmelden via de website van het EEI: LAC slide 19

20 Conclusions LAC slide 20