CHEMISTRY MEMORIZATION: STEPS FOR SOLVING STOICHIOMETRY PROBLEMS: MEMORIZE THESE use these till they are in your dreams!!!
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1 CHEMISTRY MEMORIZATION: STEPS FOR SOLVING STOICHIOMETRY PROBLEMS: MEMORIZE THESE use these till they are in your dreams!!! 1. Complete reaction, determine the compounds, check oxidation numbers of each compound for correctness. 2. Balance the equation 3. Set up the Dimensional analysis problem: a.) Decide what you know about the materials. b.) Decide what you want to find out. c.) Put the given and the unknown in the appropriate places. 4. Always use the units in all conversion factors, a.) The top of each factor will match the bottom of the next factor until you reach the desired unit. b.) In the mole to mole conversion factors the coefficients of the balanced equation provides the conversion mole ratio numbers. c.) For gram conversions, the periodic table provides the mass of the substance. 5. For other mole conversions: a.) Remember 1 mole =6.022 x representative particles b.) 1 mole = 22.4 L of any gas at STP (Standard gas Temperature (0 o C)& Pressure (1atmosphere)) 6. Do the math, multiply the numerator values & divide by the denominator values, simplify 7. ALWAYS write the unit and the compound of your answer.
2 Ex: 1N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g). If 4.00 mol of H2 react, how many moles of NH3 will be produced? Find given, find unknown: 4.0mol are the requested units correct? MOLE TO MOLE STOICHIOMETRY [answer] You must balance all equations before doing the stoichiometry. 1. How many moles of magnesium are required to react completely with 5.0 moles of nitrogen gas? [15 mol Mg] _Mg + _N 2 _Mg 3 N 2 2. How many moles of oxygen are required to produce 3.60 moles of Iron(III) oxide? [12.6 mol O 2 ] _FeS + _O 2 _Fe 2 O 3 + _SO 2 3. Calculate the moles of Calcium from 5.8 moles of aluminum nitride. [5.8 mol Al] _AlN + _Ca _Ca 3 N 2 + _Al 4. What is the minimum number of moles of oxygen required to produce one mole of carbon dioxide? [0.5 mol CO 2 ] _CO + _O 2 _CO 2 5. When 5.7 moles of sulfur tetroxide decompose, how many moles of sulfur are produced? [8.55 mol O 2 ] _SO 4 _S 8 + _O 2 6. How many moles of water are needed in this cationic displacement to react exactly with 2.0 moles of Calcium? [4.0 mol HOH] _Ca + _H 2 O + 7. What is the total number of moles of sodium hydroxide needed to neutralize 2.0 moles of sulfuric acid? [4.0 mol NaOH ] _NaOH + _H 2 SO What is the total number of moles of hydrogen produced when 4.0 moles of sodium react completely? [2.0 mol H 2 ] _Na + _H 2 O + 9. How many moles of lead (II) sulfate are formed when mole of aluminum sulfate is reacted? [0.225 mol PbSO 4 ] _PbCl 2 + _Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 +
3 Ex:_ 2KClO3(s) 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g). What mass of KClO3 do you need to produce mol O2? Find given, find unknown: mol are the requested units correct? MOLE TO GRAM STOICHIOMETRY Be sure to balance all equations before doing the Stoichiometry. 1. What mass of oxygen is produced by the decomposition of 3.00 moles of water? [48.0gO 2 ] _H 2 O + 2. How many grams of Hydrogen are needed to produce exactly one mole of ammonia? [3.0molH 2 ] _N 2 + _H 2 _NH 3 3. How many grams of oxygen will combine with 3.00 moles of Manganese to produce Manganese (IV) oxide? [94gO 2 ] _Mn + _O 2 4. Iron metal reacts in moist air by oxidation to give a hydrated iron (III) oxide. Calculate the mass of Iron (III) oxide produced by the reaction of.010 mole of iron. [0.798gFe 2 O 3 ] _Fe(s) + _O 2(g) 5. At read heat, copper metal and oxygen react to form copper (I) oxide. How many grams of copper (I) oxide at may be produced by oxidizing to red heat 10.0 moles of copper? [715gCu 2 O] _Cu(s) + _O 2 6. Calculate the number of grams of aluminium oxide produced when 2.50 moles of aluminium are burned in oxygen. [127gAl 2 O 3 ] _Al + _O 2 7. Sulfur burns in air to form the gaseous sulfur dioxide. How many grams of sulfur dioxide are produced when 4.8 moles of sulfur are burned? [2.460x10 3 gso2] _O 2 + _S 8 8. At elevated temperatures (red heat), the trioxide molybdenum (VI) oxide, is formed. How many grams of molybdenum burn with 5.7 moles of oxygen gas? [365gMo] _Mo + _O 2 9. Determine the number of moles of chlorine gas needed to bubble through sodium bromide aqueous solution to yield 9.6 moles of sodium chloride and the precipitate bromine. [340gchlorine gas]
4 Ex:_ 2Al2O3 4Al + 3O2_ given, find unknown: How many moles of aluminum will be produced from 30.0 kg Al2O3? Find check, did you find the unknown? Are the units correct. GRAM TO MOLE STOICHIOMETRY Balance all equations before doing the stoichiometry. 1. How many moles of carbon dioxide are produced when 30.0 grams of ethane (C 2 H 6 ) are burned completely? [0.50molCO 2 ] _C 2 H 6 + _ O 2 _CO 2 + _H 2 O 2. How many moles of lead (II) sulfate are formed when 367 grams of aluminium sulfate react? [8.95molPbSO 4 ] _PbCl 2 + _A1 2 (SO 4 ) 3 _PbSO 4 + _AlCl 3 3. How many moles of hydrogen are generated by passing hot steam over 625 g of iron, which oxidizes to form magnetite, iron (II,III) oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ), in the following equation. [14.9molH 2 ] _Fe(s) + _H 2 O(g) _H 2 (g) + _Fe 3 O 4 (s) 4. Calculate the moles of potassium chloride required to produce 56 grams of chlorine gas in this anionic single displacement. [1.58molKCl] _KCl(aq) + _I 2(aq) _ + _ 5. Phosphorus is formed by heating tetraphosphorus decoxide in the following reaction: What mass of P 4 O 10 must be reduced to produce 3.25 mol of phosphorus? [] _P 4 O 10 (s) _P 4 (s) + _ 6. How many moles of aluminum will be produced from the decomposition reaction of 30.0 kg aluminum oxide? [589mol Al] _Al 2 O How many moles of silver nitrate will be displaced by 95.8 grams of copper producing copper (II) nitrate? [3.01mol AgNO 3 ] _Cu + _AgNO 3 + observe at 8. How many moles of cadmium sulfide that can be made from the double displacement of 5.00 mg of sodium sulfide? [6.40x10-5 molcds] _Na 2 S + Cd(NO 3 ) In the double displacement reaction 92.0 grams of Nickel(IV) cyanide precipitates; with many moles of Nickel(IV) nitrate? [0.565mol Ni(NO 3 ) 4 ] KCN + Ni(NO 3 ) 4 +
5 Ex:_ Methane burns in air by the following reaction: 1CH4(g) + 2O2(g) What mass of water is produced by burning 500. g of methane? CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) GRAM TO GRAM STOICHIOMETRY Be sure to balance all equations before doing the Stoichiometry 1. How many grams of carbon dioxide are produced by the combustion of 200.0g of propane (C 3 H 8 )? [598gCO 2 ] C 3 H 8 + _O How many grams of oxygen are required to produce1.93g of H 2 O? [5.15gO 2 ] _NH 3 + _O 2 _NO + _H 2 O 3. How many grams of vanadium (III) oxide are required to be completely replaced by 16.3 g of iron? [65.6gV 2 O 5 ] Fe + V 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 + VO 4. What mass of hydrogen sulfide will combine with 3.0 g of bismuth chloride to produce hydrogen chloride? [0.486gH 2 S] BiCl 3 + H 2 S Bi 2 S 3 + HCl g of sodium chloride will precipitate how many grams of iron (III) chloride? [70.3gFeCl 3 ] NaCI + Fe(OH) 3 NaOH + FeC If I need 68 g of copper; how many grams of copper (II) sulfate must I react with iron to precipitate iron (III) sulfate? [1.71x10 2 CuSO 4 ] Fe(s) + CuSO 4 Cu (s) + Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 7. Suppose a heap of steel scrap 1650 kg of which 3.19% is iron that rusts within a year. Rusting of iron occurs in the presence of moisture according to the following equation: Fe(s) + O 2 (g) Fe 2 O 3 (s) What mass of iron will the heap have after one year of rusting? [1.58x10 4 gfe 2 O 3 (or 1.58kg)] 8. How many grams of Fe 2 O 3 will react with grams of C in the REDOX reaction below? [1.68x10 2 gfe 2 O 3 ] Fe 2 O 3 + _C _Fe + _CO 2
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