CP Chemistry Review for Stoichiometry Test
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1 CP Chemistry Review for Stoichiometry Test Stoichiometry Problems (one given reactant): 1. Make sure you have a balanced chemical equation 2. Convert to moles of the known substance. (Use the periodic table for grams, L of a gas at STP, or x atoms or molecules) 3. Convert to the number of moles of the unknown substance (what the question is asking you to find) using a mole-to-mole conversion (use the coefficients from the balanced chemical equation) 4. Convert to the number of grams, liters, or atoms/molecules of the unknown substance. (Use the periodic table for grams, L of a gas at STP, or x atoms or molecules) 1 mole = particles = molar mass in grams = L (gas at STP) To convert from moles of known to moles of unknown, use the coefficients from the BCE Limiting Reactant Problems (2 given reactants): 1. Do both stoichiometry problems, starting with each reactant 2. The reactant with the lower amount of products is the limiting reactant and that amount of products is the answer to the question. % Yield problems: Use the formula % yield = (actual yield/theoretical yield)* 100%. Actual yield is given, theoretical yield is calculated via a stoichiometry problem.!1
2 Sulfur dioxide is one of the major contributors to acid rain. Sulfur dioxide can react with oxygen and water in the atmosphere to form sulfuric acid, as shown in the following equation: 2H2O (l) + O2 (g) + 2SO2 (g) 2H2SO4 (aq) 1. If 50.0 g of SO2 from pollutants reacts with water and O2 found in the air, how many grams of H2SO4 can be produced? 2. If 10.5 g of H2O is reacted with the air, how many grams of H2SO4 can be produced? 3. What is the volume of O2 at STP needed to react with molecules of H2O?!2
3 The reaction between sodium metal and chlorine gas to produce sodium chloride if very exothermic 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) 2NaCl (s) 4. How formula units of NaCl are produced when 50.0 grams of Na are reacted? 5. How many liters of chlorine gas at STP need to be reacted in order to make grams of NaCl? 6. If 50.0 g of Na and 50.0 g of Cl2 are reacted, how many grams of NaCl can be made?!3
4 Hydrogen bromide can be produced by a reaction among bromine, sulfur dioxide, and water as follows. SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O 2HBr + H2SO4 8. If 250. g of SO2 and 650. g of Br2 react in the presence of excess water, what mass of HBr will be formed? 9. How many grams of CO2 are formed when 32 g of O2 reacts with 23 g of C2H5OH? C2H5OH (l) + 3 O2 (g) 2 CO2 (g) + 3 H2O (l)!4
5 10. In Hillside Self Heating Beverage Containers, quicklime, CaO, is dissolved in water to release heat by the following equation. CaO (s) + H2O (l) Ca(OH)2 (aq) If 10.0 grams of CaO are reacted with 15.0 grams of H2O, how many grams of Ca(OH)2 would be produced? 11. Quicklime, CaO, can be prepared by roasting limestone CaCO3, according to the chemical equation below. When g of CaCO3 are heated, the actual yield of CaO is 1050 g. What is the percentage yield? CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)!5
6 12. When grams of SnO2 is reacted with excess H2, 98.5 grams of Sn are produced. What is the percent yield for Sn in this reaction? SnO2(s) + 2 H2(g) Sn(s) + 2 H2O(g) 13. Using the same balanced chemical reaction as the previous question, what is the percent yield for tin if L of H2 gas at STP is reacted? The actual yield of tin is 35.8 g.!6
7 #TBTs!! 1. What is the difference between the independent and dependent variable? 2. How many significant figures does a number have? (example:.00670) 3. Calculations with correct significant figures (example: 2.65 x.035) 4. Converting one metric unit to another metric unit (keeping in mind significant figures - example: ml to L) 5. Is a change a chemical or physical change? (example: snow melting, iron rusting,...) 6. Percent by mass problems (example: what is the percent of oxygen in a compound that contains 12.6 g of oxygen and 46.3 g of nitrogen, and 5.67 g of hydrogen. 7. Number of neutrons, protons, and electrons mass number and atomic number. (example: How many p +, n, and e - does the atom 40 19K have?) 8. Writing electron configurations(example: Mg 1s 2, 2s 2, 2p 6, 3s 2 ) 9. Writing orbital diagrams (example: ) 1s 2s 2p 3s 10. Writing the name for ionic compounds (example: Pb(NO3)2) 11. Writing the formula for ionic compounds (example: Iron (II) hydroxide) 12. What is the Lewis dot structure for a molecule (example: NH3) 13. Is a molecule polar or non polar (example: NH3) 14. What type of reaction is listed (example:cao (s) + CO2 (g) CaCO3 (s) 15. Balance a chemical equation (example: silver nitrate (aq) + sodium sulfide (aq) silver sulfide (s) + sodium nitrate (aq)) 16. Converting between grams, molecules, atoms, formula units, and liters of gas at STP ( how may moles are grams of (NH4)2SO3) 18. Converting between grams, molecules, atoms, formula units, and liters of gas at STP (example: what is the mass of 6.42 x molecules of water?)!7
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