Grenoble EcoCité For a smart & green city

Transcription

1 Grenoble EcoCité For a smart & green city Laurent GAILLARD Director of City Planning and sustainable devlopment City of Grenoble France Grenoble in the Rhône-Alpes Region, in France Rhône-alpes : 6 million people 6th most populated region in Europe (demographic growth) A dynamic region (GDP ) Member of EuroRegion Alpes- Mediterrannée 1

2 At the foot of 3 ranges of Alpin mountains And the jonction of 2 rivers Drac and Isère Grenoble : Urban area : inhabitants 150 communities Metropolitan area : inhabitants 27 communities, Central City area : inhabitants An outstanding quality of life 2

3 A nice place to live! A history of innovation «Journée des tuiles» 1788 Birth of the French Revolution Industrial Revolution : hydroelectricity 1869 Micro & Nano Technologies «Minatec

4 Grenoble : An enormous urban growth during 20th Grenoble, 19th century Century A huge urban extension in the 50ies, 60ies and 70ies The 2 e heating district of France, with 55 % renewable energy, points provide, 136 km of network, 3 CHP 137 g of CO2 per KWh sold 4

5 Weaknesses : - Green house effect + Site effect = Pollution pics - Only 3 entrances = dense traffic = Pollution pics Grenoble et ses contraintes naturelles fortes Others weaknesses : - Few space = high density = Pollution pics - Very important temperature differences - Bad ground capacities = Expensive fondations - Very important and not deep Watertable (less than 2 m) - Seismic risks = expensive construction - Rare and expensive land to build - Rainwater drainage difficulties, 5

6 The strategic tools of sustainable urbanism of Grenoble City : La Biennale de l Habitat Durable, and Facteur 4 Citizens awareness and incentive Le Guide de la qualité environnementale, Advises Le PLU et les ZAC Urbanistic Regulation and public projects Plus, Participation all along public and private projects 6

7 Factor 4 Grenoble engagement : Divide by 4 energy consumption and emissions of greenhouse gases with all partners for 2050 compare to 2005 Social and Environemental phenomena at Grenoble after 3 years of PLU : Results 2006, 2007 and 2008, among 190 new building permissions, of more than 10 dwellings or more than m² (148 permissions for dwellings buiding, 37 for offices and 5 mixtes, dont 85 en ZAC) Among 3200 dwellings authorised during 2006, 2007 and 2008 : 40 % are social housing 80 % of building permissions have green roofs, that makes 7,25 Ha 87 % of building permissions have outside insolation, that makes 163 buildings 13% 25 immeubles 87% 165 immeubles extérieure intérieure 20% terrasses végétalisées 80% sans 60% of building permissions have, solar panels, that makes m² other sustainable solutions : - re-use of rain water - Wood constructions - Geothermal heating system - Cooling system on water table - mini-chp gaz / elec 40% 17% 6150 m² 43% 4350 m² Thermiques Photovoltaïques Sans 7

8 De Bonne Eco-District : A sustainable district in the centre of the city First Concerto program De Bonne Eco-District : in the heart of the city Reconversion of ancien military barracks on 8,5 hectares European program Concerto on energy efficency and renewable energy 8

9 De Bonne Eco-District : in the heart of the city inlarge the centre and connect to the new tramway line, 900 dwellings within 40% social housing appartement. a new wood structure shopping center : m² of shops cooling by water table system and equiped with 1000m² solar PV panels. A new urban parc of 5 hectares, Urbaniste : Christian Devillers, Architecte en Chef : Loïzos Savva, Aktis First National Award for Sustainable Eco-District in

10 De Bonne Eco-District : in the heart of city A shopping center : m² Wood frame, 1000 m² PV panel, cooling with water table De Bonne Eco-District : in the heart of city The first positiv energy office building in France 10

11 De Bonne Eco-District : in the heart of city New and renovated high energy efficency dwellings De Bonne Eco-District : in the heart of city Sustainable construction - 79KwEP/m²/yr (heating and hot water) - External insulation - Wood frame windows - Double flux ventilation - Solar panel for water heating - 8 CHP gaz power for heat and electricity - Green roofs and real gardens in each block 11

12 Monitoring results : Heating and hot water consomption over 2011 Consomption Concerto objectivs for heating and hot water = 70 kwh ep /m² /year (Primary Energy) (Primary Energy) Hot water Heating Dwellings Consomption Average : Heating+ hot water Concerto: Compare to the average over 18 classic buildings in 2011 : 126 kwhep/m²/year de Bonne dwellings consomption is 40 % lower kwh ep/m²shab.an % Objectif 30 Concerto: 25,8 20 Monitoring Compare 2010/2011: Electricity consomption for common functions Moyennes sur 9 bâtiments (sans H1,H2): 2010: 40 kwhep/ m²shab 2011: 37 kwhep/ m²shab 12% 8% 5% -1% -6% % -19% - Electricity french ratio from primary energy to final energy : x 2,58 * Estimation 2011 à partir des données sur Ventilation 6 mois simple flux 12

13 First Priority : Retrofitting of existing buildings One exemple : Main Boulevard Project (before the work) Also included in Concerto Sesac project but only for the studies Main Boulevard after the work An integrated approach renovation : - Appartments energy and facade renovation - Shops and small businesses renovation - New public space for pedestrians and bicycles - A new Tramway line divided by 2 cars traffic 13

14 Main Boulevard results All facades renovated appartements concerned by energy efficiency renovation small businesses renovated - 9 offices building involved in saving energy - Energy saving : 370 toe / year. - CO2 emission reduction : 700 t / year - Cost of work : 7 millions - Public Grants : 1.6 million - Effects : - Large owners incentive - lot of others multi-ownership ready to make the same work - A new project at the agglomeration scale has started already towards building built between 1945 and 1975 La Villeneuve Arlequin : Smartcities Project ZenN 14

15 European program SmartCities Project ZenZen-N Retrofitting of 433 dwellings ( m²) Copropriété 80 Arlequin : Réhabilitation de 37 logements Copropriété 100 Arlequin : Réhabilitation de 153 logements SDH / 40 Arlequin : Réhabilitation de 154 logements ACTIS / 50 Arlequin : Réhabilitation de 89 logements Aujourd hui l Aujourd l avenue Alfred de Musset 15

16 L avenue du Parc au croisement avec la rue de l Arlequin Grenoble Ecocité is supported by national investment founds And under final negociation with SmartCities 2 Project name : City-Zen Leader : Amsterdam 16

17 A local energy strategy Grenoble EcoCité + Learns from Concerto project Grenoble Presqu ile scientific quarter Demonstration site of the EcoCité project 250 ha for a carbon free and fossil energy free way of life Atelier de Portzamparc Architecte Urbaniste 17

18 ENERGIES AND PROTECTION OF RESOURCES Grenoble, the posi+ive energies Grenoble integrated sustainable approach towards the post-carbon cities life Integrated blocks design Link environnemental performance and quality of life Mobility Pass Cooperativ energy management Local Energy supply RES, EE, Smart Grid Autopartage Car sharing Public Transports Pavillon of the Mobilities electric vehicles services Mobility Pass on your smart phone new job : Mobilities Operator dynamic Covoiturage Self-service small urban electric car Self-service bicycles 18

19 Small Hydroelectricity production Consomptions display & SmartGrid Geothermal for inter season storage Heating and cooling grid + electric Smartgrid integrated Photo-voltaïc massiv production New job : Energies Operator Polygeneration Biomass plant on the existing district Heating & cooling grid low temperature with waste energy uses CENTRALE PRODUCTION DE CHALEUR INDUSTRIES / RECHERCHES LOGEMENTS COLLECTIFS PARC DE SONDES GEOTHERMALES PROCESS BUREAUX Renewable energies production A positiv energy and carbon neutral district 19

20 Autopartage Recreative shared spaces Shared gardens Integrated urban blocks Bioclimatic greenhouse A new job : Block Manager Keeping olds people Waste management Easy park bicycles spaces Mutualised appartement Impact of Ecocité principles on city blocks design Vertical gardens Low temp. heating Loop : - Reversible heat/cold ACS Mobility system : - No private parking - Real time information - Easy delivery 30 kwh/m²/yr total energy consumption for new buildings at standard costs Consumption becomes largely electrical (electricity represents 50 % and heat /cold 50 % of energy needs) Investment cost >> operation cost Smart grids : - Remote control electrical equipement City blocks, energy and mobility systems are designed as integrated, cooperative, industrial systems 20

21 Vertical gardens EIFFAGE Philippe Barthelemy COGEDIM - Edouard François Esplanade Atelier Christian de Portzamparc 21

22 Grenoble EcoCité stakeholders Conclusion : Less individualism + More mutualisations = Sustainable Cities Laurent GAILLARD Director of City Planning and sustainable devlopment City of Grenoble France 22