CEA LIST activity on Cable Monitoring and Diagnosis

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1 CEA LIST activity on Cable Monitoring and Diagnosis Contact : Mr Josy COHEN Responsable de projet ingénieur chercheur Josy.cohen@cea.fr

2 Cliquez CEA pour experience modifier in cable style diagnosis du titre Our Laboratory : LFIC : Laboratoire Fiabilité et Capteurs Intégrés More than 10 years experience and knowledge in network cable diagnosis CEA policy : To create breakthrought to take advantage and to create new jobs by industrial transfer for French companies CEA. All rights reserved DACLE Division 2

network cable diagnosis CEA policy : To create breakthrought to take advantage and to create

Cliquez pour Reflectometry modifier style : Principle du titre The reflectometry principle is related to the signal propagation mechanism into a transmission line (TL) S dx ZL Parallel Torsade

4 Cliquez pour Reflectometry modifier style : Principle du titre The reflectometry principle is related to the signal propagation mechanism into a transmission line (TL) S dx ZL Parallel Torsade Coaxial Modeling and characterization of a TL R, L, C, G Model based on Telegrapher's equations to figure out how a signal is propagated into a TL we have to look signal distortion phenomenon i (x) R dx L dx i ( x dx ) v(x) G dx C dx x Telegrapher's equations 2 v( x, t) LC 2 x 2 v ( x dx) x dx v( x, t) v( x, t) ( LG RC) RG v( x, t) 2 t t Attenuation and dispersion Z c R jl G jc 1 V g LC Reflectometry : measurement of transmission line characteristic impedance variation CEA. All rights reserved DACLE Division 4

look signal distortion phenomenon i (x) R dx L dx i ( x dx ) v(x) G dx C dx x Telegrapher's equations 2 v( x, t) LC 2 x 2 v ( x dx) x dx v( x, t) v( x, t) ( LG RC) RG v( x, t)

is controllable by cancelling the desired carried signal Safe diagnosis : Harmless ness

6 Cliquez pour modifier On le line style Diagnosis du titre MCTDR (Multicarrier Time Domain Reflectometry) Probe signal corresponds to a sum of sine curves The probe signal spectrum is controllable by cancelling the desired carried signal Safe diagnosis : Harmless ness EMC Compliance Low sensitivity to SNR MCTDR in TRL > 5 CEA. All rights reserved DACLE Division 6

Measure Standard correlation Adaptive correlation Amplitude (V) 0.1 0.18 0.

7 Cliquez pour modifier le Long style distance du titre Adaptive correlation for performance enhancement : Sensitivity Railway signalization cable, reel length : 2km Measure Standard correlation Adaptive correlation Amplitude (V) Localization (m) Relative error 13% 13 % 3.7 % CEA. All rights reserved DACLE Division 7

reflectometers. Multi-sensing strategy allowing to avoid the ambiguity.

8 Cliquez pour modifier Complex style network du titre Distributed-MCTDR V1 S1 S2 V2 S3 V3 The reflectometry distribution is obtained with a weighted mean process allowing a cross-correlation between reflectometers. Multi-sensing strategy allowing to avoid the ambiguity. A specific tool is proposed to facilitate the reflectometer deployment and to simulate the diagnosis strategy CEA. All rights reserved DACLE Division 8

Analog/Digital IP for real time processing 5cm resolution (4GHz

9 Cliquez pour modifier Technology le style integration du titre Avionic DIAGNOCHIP, a 3 mm2 130nm integrated reflectometer A mixed Analog/Digital IP for real time processing 5cm resolution (4GHz guided wavelength) Railway Solar power CEA. All rights reserved DACLE Division 9

10 Cliquez CEA pour breakthougth modifier le style Valorisation du titre Implemantation of CEA policy hard fault diagnosis: Licence sales Transfert project for academic laboratory Bilateral industrial project : For specific research For technological or know how transfert Spin off : Start up creation Win MS But also Collaborative research project with different partners CEA. All rights reserved DACLE Division 10

project : For specific research For technological or know how transfert Spin off : Start up creation

11 Contact:

Amplitude [V] Amplitude [V] Cliquez pour Reflectometry modifier le for style soft du defect titre Injection Plan Localized defect Zd Cable end Zc: characteristic impedance S Probe signal Reflected

13 Amplitude [V] Amplitude [V] Cliquez pour Reflectometry modifier le for style soft du defect titre Injection Plan Localized defect Zd Cable end Zc: characteristic impedance S Probe signal Reflected signal Transmitted signal T D Parallel defect Reflected wave by the cable end Short Court-circuit 25 Ohms 50 Ohms 75 Ohms 100 Ohms 125 Ohms Circuit Open circuit ouvert Reflected by the defect Serial defect Reflected wave by the cable end Short Court-circuit 25 Ohms 50 Ohms 75 Ohms 100 Ohms 125 Ohms Circuit Open circuit ouvert L Reflected by the defect Temps [s] x Temps [s] x 10-7 CEA. All rights reserved DACLE Division 13

1 2 D Parallel defect Reflected wave by the cable end Short Court-circuit 25 Ohms 50 Ohms 75 Ohms 100 Ohms 125 Ohms Circuit Open circuit ouvert 0.45 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.

External source of failure Mechanical stress Assembly errors Cliquez pour Reflectometry modifier le for style soft du defect titre Corrosion, oxidation Effect of environment s Internal source of

14 External source of failure Mechanical stress Assembly errors Cliquez pour Reflectometry modifier le for style soft du defect titre Corrosion, oxidation Effect of environment s Internal source of failure Manufacturing errors Wear-out defect Local hot-spot Wear type Primary signs Detection method Overheating of the wire Bad contact Intermittent short circuit faults Wear zone Change in impedance Local hot spot Electromagnetic Magnetic Interference Electric arc Visual inspection Reflectometry Thermal, Point by point test Reflectometry Visual inspection Reflectometry Short circuit faults Circuit-breaker system Reflectometry Broken insulation Exposed conductor Corrosion Crack, damaged area Loss of the function Fire Loss of signal or data Visual inspection Reflectometry Visual inspection Reflectometry Visual inspection Reflectrometry Humidity Loss of signal or data Reflectometry Wear out and/or Loss of the function Local alteration of R, L, C, G parameters Local alteration of the characteristic impedance Zc Local alteration of the propagation speed ΓL 0 Open defect Soft defect CEA. All rights reserved DACLE Division 14

impedance Local hot spot Electromagnetic Magnetic Interference Electric arc Visual inspection Reflectometry Thermal, Point by point test Reflectometry Visual inspection Reflectometry Short circuit

15 Amplitude Amplitude Amplitude Amplitude Cliquez Soft pour defect modifier detection le style (chafing) du titre One of our advance post processing for soft defect signature amplification Simulation reflectogramme initial reflectogramme traité Experimentation reflectogramme initial reflectogramme traité Soft defect Soft defect Cab_224b Twisted pair (5 m) - Shielded - AWG mm² Soft defect = sheath + shield (pulled out) 2cm Distance(m) Distance(m) Open wire End of cable reflectogramme initial reflectogramme traité Adapted wire End of cable reflectogramme initial reflectogramme traité Coaxial cable RG58CU (3.20 mètres) Soft defect = sheath + shield (pull out) 2cm Soft defect Soft defect Distance(m) Distance(m) CEA. All rights reserved DACLE Division 15

25mm² Soft defect = sheath + shield (pulled out) 2cm 0.2 0.2 0 0-0.2-0.2-0.4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Distance(m) -0.4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Distance(m) 1.2 1 0.8 0.

16 Cliquez pour Prognostic modifier diagnosis le style du (aging) titre Aging monitoring based on time reversal reflectometry Symetric L= 500m Sain New TR + Processing Open circuit Age Open circuit Aging effect Simulations C 0 x 1.2 C 0 C 0 x 0.8 C 0 x 0.6 C 0 x 0.4 C 0 x 0.2 Asymmetry Coefficient CEA. All rights reserved DACLE Division 16

Open circuit Aging effect Simulations C 0 x 1.2 C 0 C 0 x 0.8 C 0 x 0.6 C 0 x 0.4 C 0 x 0.

17 Cliquez Cable pour and modifier aging characterization le style du titre Cable characterization by RLCG parameters extraction Coaxial (5 m) Zc = 75 Ω V² = 3,7 Likelihood ratio Aging characterization New Coaxial (9,8 m) Zc = 75 Ω Aged CEA. All rights reserved DACLE Division 17

(5 m) Zc = 75 Ω V² = 3,7 Likelihood ratio Aging characterization New

18 Cliquez Interconnection pour modifier characterization le style du titre Signal injection Cable under test Signal injection Cable connection and junction characterization 30cm 50Ω 87Ω Zc = 75 Ω Coaxial V² = 4,65 Likelihood ratio 0,1% real part 1-2% imaginary part ld = 30 cm To characterize interconnection or connector (database) To diagnosis soft defect in the interconnection CEA. All rights reserved DACLE Division 18

4,65 Likelihood ratio 0,1% real part 1-2% imaginary part ld = 30 cm To characterize interconnection or

Cliquez pour modifier Aera le style of expertise du titre More than 25

Cliquez pour modifier CEA le Breakthrought style du titre All these new technologies and know how in LFIC What are the new technologies for the future? Which new application domain?

21 Cliquez pour modifier CEA le Breakthrought style du titre All these new technologies and know how in LFIC What are the new technologies for the future? Which new application domain? Use a cable like environement sensor (temperature, humidity, ) New application domain : SHM for Composite CEA ready to collaborate with industrials to work in partnership CEA. All rights reserved DACLE Division 21

22 Merci pour votre attention Centre de Grenoble 17 rue des Martyrs Grenoble Cedex Centre de Saclay Nano-Innov PC Gif sur Yvette Cedex

Utilisation de la réflectométrie pour fiabiliser les câbles d un système

Utilisation de la réflectométrie pour fiabiliser les câbles d un système Contact : CEA LIST Mr Josy COHEN Responsable de projet ingénieur chercheur Josy.cohen@cea.fr +33 1 69 08 78 07 www.cea.fr Cliquez