DUAL FUEL ENGINES LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
|
|
|
- Austen Patterson
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 DUAL FUEL ENGINES LATEST DEVELOPMENTS Oskar Levander, Director, Concept design, MLS HAMBURG, Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
2 Content Environmental and market drivers LNG as a marine fuel DF engines RoRo concept design Machinery and fuel comparison Conclusions 2 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
3 Factor trends: Environment LOCAL LOCAL NO x Acid rains Tier II (2011) Tier III (2016) SO x Acid rains Sulphur content in fuel LOCAL GLOBAL Particulate matter Direct impact on humans Locally regulated CO 2 Greenhouse effect Under evaluation by IMO 3 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
4 Until now.. 4 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
5 From now on. Established Emissions Controlled Areas Emissions Controlled Areas under consideration 5 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
6 NOx reduction IMO requirements and methods Specific NO x emissions (g/kwh) Dry methods (engine optimization) - Concepts are ready Tier I (present) Ships built 2000 onwards Engines > 130 kw Retrofit: Ships built Engines > 90 litres/cylinder and > 5000 kw Wärtsilä: RTA, W46, W SCR Catalyst - Alternative pathways under investigation (Combined measures) Rated engine speed (rpm) Tier II (global 2011) Ships keel laid 2011 onwards Engines > 130 kw Tier III (ECAs 2016) Ships in designated areas, keel laid 2016 onwards Engines > 130 kw 6 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
7 IMO Sulphur Limits 4,5% 3,5% World 1,5% 1,0% 0,5% 0,1% ECA EU in ports 7 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
8 Machinery options Main options for operations inside ECA MGO + SCR HFO + Scrubber + SCR LNG 8 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
9 Greenhouse emission reductions The society is demanding lower CO 2 emissions from ships IMO is trying to respond the demand by introducing guidelines for: Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) Energy Efficiency Operational Index (EEOI) Market based instruments 9 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
10 USD/MBtu Fuel prices 35 LNG Japan average [USD/MBtu] 30 NG Henry hub [USD/MBtu] Oct-01 Feb-02 Jun-02 HFO 380cst Rotterdam [USD/MBtu] MGO Rotterdam [USD/MBtu] Sources: LR Fairplay 10 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander Oct-02 Feb-03 Jun-03 Oct-03 Feb-04 Jun-04 Oct-04 Feb-05 Jun-05 Oct-05 Feb-06 Jun-06 Oct-06 Feb-07 Jun-07 Oct-07 Feb-08 Jun-08 Oct-08 Feb-09 Jun-09 Oct-09 Feb-10 Jun-10 Oct-10 Feb-11 Jun-11
11 Cleaner Exhaust Emissions with LNG 25-30% lower CO 2 Thanks to low carbon to hydrogen ratio of fuel 85% lower NO X Lean burn concept (high air-fuel ratio) No SO X emissions Sulphur is removed from fuel when liquefied Very low particulate emissions No visible smoke No sludge deposits 11 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
12 12 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander DF ENGINES
13 Otto or Diesel cycles: effects on NO X Nikolaus August Otto Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel Flame front propagation Fuel spray NO X formation 13 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011
14 Otto or Diesel cycles: effects on NO X Big temperature difference NOx formation! Diesel, max flame temp. Otto, max flame temp. 14 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011
15 Select the right technology * * * ** * * DUAL-FUEL (DF) Meets IMO Tier III GAS INJECTION * * * * ** * * GAS INJECTION SPARK-IGNITION GAS (SG) Meets IMO Tier III No redundancy No HFO flexibility * * GAS-DIESEL (GD) Does NOT meet IMO Tier III High gas pressure GAS INJECTION 15 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
16 Gas burning technologies GAS-DIESEL (GD) DUAL- FUEL (DF) SPARK-IGNITION GAS (SG) 16 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
17 The marine favourite technology? * * * ** * * DUAL-FUEL (DF) Meets IMO Tier III GAS INJECTION * * * * ** * * GAS INJECTION SPARK-IGNITION GAS (SG) Meets IMO Tier III No redundancy No HFO flexibility * * GAS-DIESEL (GD) Does NOT meet IMO Tier III High gas pressure GAS INJECTION 17 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
18 Wärtsilä s choice * * * ** * * DUAL-FUEL (DF) Meets IMO Tier III GAS INJECTION 1 IMO Tier III compliant 2 Low pressure gas 3 Fuel flexibility; GAS, MDO and HFO 18 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
19 Dual-fuel engine characteristics High efficiency Low gas pressure Low emissions, due to: High efficiency Clean fuel Lean burn combustion Fuel flexibility Gas mode Diesel mode Three engine models Wärtsilä 20DF Wärtsilä 34DF Wärtsilä 50DF 19 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
20 Dual-fuel engine range 20DF 6L20DF 8L20DF 9L20DF 1.0 MW 1.4 MW 1.5 MW 34DF 6L34DF 9L34DF 12V34DF 2.7 MW 4.0 MW 5.4 MW 16V34DF 7.2 MW 20V34DF 9.0 MW 50DF 6L50DF 5.85 MW Higher output for 60Hz / Main engines 8L50DF 7.8 MW 9L50DF 8.8 MW 12V50DF 11.7 MW 16V50DF 15.6 MW 18V50DF MW 20 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
21 Wärtsilä successfully tests new 2-stroke dual-fuel gas engine technology Wärtsilä Corporation, Trade & Technical press release, 23 September 2011: Wärtsilä successfully tests new 2-stroke dual-fuel gas engine technology to comply with IMO Tier III emission limits The on-going tests show that the Wärtsilä 2-stroke gas engine performance is in compliance with the upcoming IMO Tier III NOx emission limits, thereby setting a new benchmark for low-speed engines running on gas. 21 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
22 Dual-Fuel advantages Main advantages of the Dual-Fuel 4-stroke engine compared to SG: Redundancy, backup without interruptions in power or speed. Able to operate on liquid fuel outside ECA-area (incl HFO) Simple system, no PTI/ take me home or double gas system needed. Vessel re-routing possible, gas supply not a limitation 22 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
23 Dual-Fuel applications References Power Plants Merchant Offshore Cruise and Ferry Navy DF Power Plant 49 installations 155 engines Online since1997 LNGC 68 vessels 254 engines rh Conversion 1 Chem. Tanker 2 engines conv. Complete gas train Complete design PSVs/FPSOs 22 vessels 78 engines Online from 1994 LNG ferries 1+1 vessels 4 engines per vessels Complete gas train 2800 passengers In service in 2013 Costal Patrol Coming 4 segments 140 installations > running hours 23 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
24 Viking Line 2800 Pax Cruise Ferry The industry's most environmentally sound and energy efficient large passenger vessel to date. Main particulars: Overall length: m Breadth, moulded: 31.8 m Cruising speed 22 knots Passengers: 2800 Class: LR Ice class: 1A In service: 2013 Shipyard: STX Finland Oy Ship Owner: Viking Line Machinery: Main Engines: Output: 4 x Wärtsilä 8L50DF 4 x 7600 kw LNGPac x 200 m3 Integrated tank and aux. rooms Bunkering system, Safety systems GVU in enclosure Cold recovery for HVAC 24 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
25 Conversion of Bit Viking 25 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
26 Conversion of Bit Viking 26 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
27 LNGpac Main Components Pressure build up evaporator Bunkering line, insulated pipes Main Engine Room Gas Valve Tank room Bunkering Station GVU Water/Glycol system Bottom tank filling LNG gas evaporator 27 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
28 Gas Valve Unit in enclosure Main features Can be located in the same engine room, dedicated compartment not needed Compact design and easy installation (plug-and-play concept) Integrated ventilation system when combined with LNGPac 28 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
29 LNGPac: A turn key solution Auxiliary equipment room Tank room All cryogenic valves Length minimized 29 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
30 LNGPac 30 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
31 LNG storage Storage volume (Relative) 4,5 4,0 Volume relative to MDO in DE 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 0,0 Diesel LNG (10bar) Fuel Tank Tank Room 31 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
32 Conventional tank location 32 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
33 LNG tanks located outside The LNG tanks can be located outside Does not take up space inside ship Good ventilation No ventilation casing needed trough accommodation Visible location for good PR 33 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
34 LNG storage in trailers 34 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
35 LNG distribution chain LNG logistics is a key question for introduction of LNG as a marine fuel LNG Terminal LNG Feeder LNG Container feeder LNG Ferry LNG Ro-Lo LNG Tug 35 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
36 Marine LNG terminals Existing or under construction Proposed As per September Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
37 Bunkering from LNG truck 37 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
38 LNG bunker barge/tanker 38 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
39 LNG barge carrier operation principle 39 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
40 LNG barge carrier operation principle 40 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
41 LNG distribution NG pipe line Large scale LNG liquefaction plant / LNG import terminal PORT DISTRIBUTION Local LNG liquefaction plant LNG LNG tank in port Local distribution LNG terminal LNG tank on barge Small ships Small & large ships 41 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
42 Total Concept Optimization Wärtsilä engineers solutions for LNG delivery, storage, transportation and utilization onboard. 42 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
43 RORO CONCEPT FOR ECA 43 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
44 RoRo trends 44 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
45 RoRo trends Growing capacity Efficiency of scale Slowing down Reducing fuel costs Flexible cargo intake Designed for operation inside ECA areas 45 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
46 RoRo concept RoRo vessel for European routes in ECA Operation area: European SECA area RoRo cargos Double stack containers on main deck Trailers and mafis on upper deck and in lower hold Containers on upper deck Focus on environmental and economical performance Operation inside SECA area IMO tier III NOx compliant 46 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
47 RoRo main particulars Size GT Length m Length, bp m Beam, wl 26.6 m Draft (design) 6.5 m Depth, main deck 8.3 m Speed, service ~19 knots (incl. 15% SM) Lane meters m Deadweight (desgin) tons Propulsion power kw (installed) Aux power ~2 100 kw (installed) Drivers 12 pax 47 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
48 Propulsion Single screw Simple and well proven Good ice performance Low cost Energopac rudder 48 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
49 Machinery alternatives for comparison 1. MGO Operates on MGO SCR to reduce NOx to tier III limit MDO HFO 2. HFO + Scrubber Operates on HFO Scrubber removes SOx SCR to reduce NOx to tier III limit MDO HFO 3. DF - LNG Operates on LNG No exhaust cleaning needed MDO LNG 49 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
50 MGO Installed propulsion power: Installed aux power: 10.8 MW 2.1 MW SCR needed for IMO tier III compliance SCR SCR SCR EnergoPac rudder 9L46F kw Auxpac kw 6L20 G PTO 3 MW GEAR 9L46F Auxpac kw 6L20 G MSB 1 MW 2 x 1 MW MDO 50 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
51 HFO + Scrubber Installed propulsion power: Installed aux power: 10.8 MW 2.1 MW SCRUBBER SCR needed for IMO tier III compliance SCR SCR SCR EnergoPac rudder kw Auxpac kw 6L20 G PTO 3 MW GEAR 9L46F Auxpac kw 6L20 G MSB 1 MW 2 x 1 MW MDO HFO 51 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
52 Marine Fresh Water Scrubber System Closed loop works with freshwater, to which NaOH is added for the neutralization of SOx. ph Exhaust Gas CLOSED LOOP = Zero discharge in enclosed area NaOH unit ph Scrubber Fresh water Water Treatment Cooling Process tank Holding tank Seawater Sludge tank 52 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
53 Containerships VII - scrubber installation 53 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
54 DF - LNG Installed propulsion power: Installed aux power: 11.4 MW 2.1 MW 6L20DF EnergoPac rudder kw kw 6L20DF G GEAR 12V50DF PTO 3 MW 6L20DF 6L20DF G kw MSB 1 MW 2 x 1 MW MDO L N G 54 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
55 LNG storage in trailers 3 x LNG trailers = 150 m3 of LNG 55 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
56 LNG tank capacity (LNG trucks on deck) Target for autonomy 2 days Daily consumption (acc. to profile) 19 tons Total consumption 38 tons 84 m % Margin + 13 m 3 Total tank capacity demand 97 m 3 Volume capacity of one truck 50 m 3 Two LNG trucks loaded every second day 56 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
57 LNG storage in trailer 57 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
58 Assumed fuel prices USD/ton EUR/ton USD/MBtu HFO MGO LNG For reference: NG market price in US: <5 $/MBTU Source: (September 2011), LNG price estimated 1 EUR = 1.4 USD 58 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
59 Running hours Operation profile 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Port Man 12,0 18,5 Operation mode 59 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
60 Annual fuel consumption and cost (relative) 120 % 100,0 % 100,0 % Energy consumption 105,4 % Fuel cost 100,6 % 100 % 80 % 77,1 % 68,8 % 60 % 40 % 20 % 0 % MGO HFO + Scrubber LNG 60 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
61 Annual fuel, lube oil and consumables cost (k ) 10 years 6% interest Senitec chemicals Fresh Water NaOH Urea Lube oil Fuel MGO HFO + Scrubber LNG 61 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
62 Machinery first cost Machinery Investment cost Scrubbers SCR Fuel system (LNG tank etc.) HFO system Steering Propulsion train MGO HFO + Scrubber LNG Engines Propulsion engine 62 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
63 Annual machinery related cost [keur] Annual machinery cost Scrubber operating costs (NaOH + FW + Senitec Chem) SCR operating costs 5000 Maintenance costs Lubrication oil costs Fuel costs Annual capital costs 0 MGO HFO + Scrubber LNG 63 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
64 Payback Time [Years] Concept payback time (compared to MGO) 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 MGO HFO + Scrubber LNG 64 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
65 Net Present Value [keur] Net present value (NPV) 10 years of operation MGO HFO + Scrubber LNG 65 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
66 Exhaust emissions 120 % CO2 NOx SOx 100 % 80 % 60 % 40 % 20 % 0 % HFO - IMO tier II MGO HFO + Scrubber LNG REF. outside ECA Inside ECA, IMO tier III compliant 66 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
67 IMO Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) 67 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
68 EEDI MGO HFO + Scrubber LNG 68 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
69 Operating part time in SECA 69 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
70 Machinery alternatives for comparison part time in ECA 1. MGO - HFO Operates on MGO inside SECA and HFO outside SECA SCR used only in port and inside NECA MDO HFO 2. HFO + Scrubber Operates on HFO Scrubber only used inside SECA SCR used only in port and inside NECA MDO HFO 3. DF - LNG Operates on LNG all the time No exhaust cleaning needed MDO LNG 70 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
71 Annual costs [k ] Annual costs [k ] Annual fuel costs part time in ECA Inside ECA Outside ECA 33% % % HFO - MGO HFO + Scrubber DF-LNG 0 HFO - MGO HFO + Scrubber DF-LNG 33% % % HFO - MGO HFO + Scrubber DF-LNG 0 HFO - MGO HFO + Scrubber DF-LNG 71 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
72 Annual costs [k ] Annual costs [k ] Annual costs part time in ECA Inside ECA Outside ECA 33% % % SCR operating costs Scrubber operating costs Maintenance costs Lubrication oil costs Fuel costs 0 HFO - MGO HFO + Scrubber DF-LNG 0 HFO - MGO HFO + Scrubber DF-LNG Annual capital costs 33% % % SCR operating costs Scrubber operating costs Maintenance costs Lubrication oil costs Fuel costs 0 HFO - MGO HFO + Scrubber DF-LNG 0 HFO - MGO HFO + Scrubber DF-LNG Annual capital costs 72 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
73 Conclusions DF engines a well proven technology DF engines running on LNG has great potential Best NPV Lowest emissions Short payback time 73 Wärtsilä 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander
lng conversion (General)
lng conversion (General) 1 Wärtsilä 10.4.2013 Jens Häggblom Content DF conversion portfolio and references Reasons for conversion DF conversion in practice LNG storage, process and bunkering system (Wärtsilä
LNG as Ship Fuel. Effects on Ship Design, Operations and Supporting Infrastructure
LNG as Ship Fuel Effects on Ship Design, Operations and Supporting Infrastructure New Technologies for the Marine Highway TRB Marine Highways Committee (AW010(1)) January 14, 2013 LNG as a Ship s Fuel
Gas Fuelled ships. LNG-Fuelled Engines and Fuel Systems for Medium- Speed Engines in Maritime Applications. Dag Stenersen, MARINTEK
Gas Fuelled ships LNG-Fuelled Engines and Fuel Systems for Medium- Speed Engines in Maritime Applications Dag Stenersen, MARINTEK GTS Technical Seminar Series, 2011-09-28 MARINTEK 1 Presentation outline
Building an LNG driven vessel. LNG developments at Meyer Werft Viking Grace 18_09_2013
1 Building an LNG driven vessel LNG developments at Meyer Werft Viking Grace 18_09_2013 Berufsbildung 13.09.2013 2 Meyer Werft Papenburg MEYER WERFT is a company with tradition, which started operations
Wärtsilä Dual-Fuel LNGC
Wärtsilä Dual-Fuel LNGC March 2008 1 Wärtsilä Contents Dual-Fuel Fuel-Electric LNGC Dual-Fuel Fuel-Mechanic LNGC Comparison study DF-M M vs. DF-E Components Machinery Layout Fuel flexibility Sailing scenarios
The Wärtsilä low-speed, low-pressure dual-fuel engine
The Wärtsilä low-speed, low-pressure dual-fuel engine AJOUR Conference, Odense, 27/28 Nov 2014 Rudolf Wettstein, Application Engineering Ship Power 2-stroke, Wärtsilä Switzerland Ltd 1 Wärtsilä Content
Supply, storage and handling of LNG as ship s fuel Björn Munko LNG 17, Houston
Supply, storage and handling of LNG as ship s fuel Björn Munko LNG 17, Houston Content Short Company Introduction Small LNGC and LNG tanks Bunker supply chain LNG fuel gas systems Conclusions LNG 17 -
EMISSIONS FROM MARINE ENGINES VERSUS IMO CERTIFICATION AND REQUIREMENTS OF TIER 3
Journal of KONES Powertrain and Transport, Vol. 18, No. 2 2011 EMISSIONS FROM MARINE ENGINES VERSUS IMO CERTIFICATION AND REQUIREMENTS OF TIER 3 Jerzy Herdzik Gdynia Maritime University Marine Power Plant
Exhaust Scrubbers. What you need to know. Move Forward with Confidence
Exhaust Scrubbers What you need to know Move Forward with Confidence Exhaust Scrubbers - What you need to know 1 What are the rules? From January 1, 2015 ships navigating in designated areas globally will
Tier III emission technology
Tier III emission technology By Johan Kaltoft, Senior Project Manager, Emission Reduction Technology < 1 > Tier III emission technology Tier III strategy SCR - Selective Catalytic Reduction EGR Exhaust
Emission support system for calculation of energy demand and emissions of ships. Hans Otto Kristensen
Emission support system for calculation of energy demand and emissions of ships By Hans Otto Kristensen 2 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Content of presentation Project description
Challenges and Opportunities. Niels Bjørn Mortensen Maersk Maritime Technology
Challenges and Opportunities Niels Bjørn Mortensen Maersk Maritime Technology A.P. Moller Maersk A diversified conglomerate founded in 1904 110,000 employees and operations in over 130 countries Headquarters
GREEN SHORTSEA SHIPPING The shipowners perspective Juan Riva President European Community Shipowners Associations ECSA Flota Suardíaz
GREEN SHORTSEA SHIPPING The shipowners perspective Juan Riva President European Community Shipowners Associations ECSA Flota Suardíaz European Community Shipowners Associations ECSA Established in 1965,
LNG Propulsion System
LNG Propulsion System as Shipyard s Perspective LNG Fuel Forum 20 Sep. 2011 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION DUAL FUEL ENGINES LNG FUEL STORAGE TANKS FUEL GAS SUPPLY SYSTEM LNG BUNKERING SAFETY ISSUES CONCLUSIONS
How To Build An Lng Fuel Tank Container
Marine LNG Fuel Tank Container An Introduction Marine Service GmbH Hamburg, January 2014 LNG Fuel Tank Container 2 Agenda Introduction Marine Service GmbH LNG Fuel Tank Container LNG Fuel Tank Container
LNG Fuel Gas Infrastructure from terminal to onboard system The Motorship Gas-fuelled Ships 12 to 14-Sep-2012, Bergen
LNG Fuel Gas Infrastructure from terminal to onboard system The Motorship Gas-fuelled Ships 12 to 14-Sep-2012, Bergen Content Short Company Introduction Small LNGC and LNG tanks Terminals and distribution
Laws and price drive interest in LNG as marine fuel
Laws and price drive interest in LNG as marine fuel The use of LNG as a marine fuel is one of the hottest topics in shipping. This growing interest is driven by legislation and price. By Henrique Pestana
www.alfalaval.com www.alfalaval.com Alfa Laval Slide 3
The Aalborg product range Sameer Kalra Vice President Marine & Diesel division 1 History 1919 1912 Aalborg Shipyard, Denmark established 1919 First Aalborg boiler built (Scotch marine type) 1937 Danish
Wärtsilä Services Business White Paper. More flexibility, less emissions and lower fuel costs. Fuel efficiency in gas conversions.
Fuel efficiency in gas conversions More flexibility, less emissions and lower fuel costs Contents Introduction...2 Fuel efficiency...2 Benefits of gas as a fuel...3 Gas conversion technologies...4 Gas
LNG Bunkering Opportunities SNAME
LNG Bunkering Opportunities SNAME February 13 Overview of Today s Discussion Overview of Pace Global Case Study- Baltic and North Seas What s happened in the Baltic and North Seas? LNG as an Alternative
Monitoring Air Emissions on Ships. Restricted Siemens AG 2014 All rights reserved.
Monitoring Air Emissions on Ships siemens.com/answers Why emission monitoring in the marine industry? Main drivers: Meeting regulations: NOx and SOx reduction Energy optimization; CO 2 reduction Resolution
LNG Storage and Fuel Gas Systems. LNG: Fuel for Shipping, London 15-Feb-2011. Carriers & Offshore Units. Jürgen Harperscheidt Sales Manager
LNG Storage and Fuel Gas Systems LNG: Fuel for Shipping, London 15-Feb-2011 Carriers & Offshore Units Jürgen Harperscheidt Sales Manager CONTENT TGE Company Profile Small LNG carriers Bunkering LNG fuel
FKAB is and has been an independent marine consultancy since 1961, this makes us an innovative and reliable partner for the Marine and Shipbuilding
FKAB is and has been an independent marine consultancy since 1961, this makes us an innovative and reliable partner for the Marine and Shipbuilding Industry UDDEVALLA GOTHENBURG SHANGHAI Organisation The
2 Blind Mice & the GOM Marine Business Case for LNG Fuel
2 Blind Mice & the GOM Marine Business Case for LNG Fuel Marine Money Houston Offshore Forum Saint Regis Hotel 3 April 2014 Houston, TX John Hatley PE LNG Initiatives Americas VP Ship Power Wartsila North
SO X SCRUBBER TECHNOLOGY
SO X SCRUBBER TECHNOLOGY At Wärtsilä, we are passionate about optimising lifecycle value by offering precisely what our customers need. We can deliver on this promise because we provide the most complete
COMPUTER MODEL TIL BEREGNING AF EEDI OG RØGGASEMISSIONER FOR FORSKELLIGE SKIBSTYPER
COMPUTER MODEL TIL BEREGNING AF EEDI OG RØGGASEMISSIONER FOR FORSKELLIGE SKIBSTYPER HANS OTTO HOLMEGAARD KRISTENSEN CHEFKONSULENT, DANMARKS REDERIFORENING (HOK@SHIPOWNERS.DK) Generic ship model Skibsteknisk
Floating. Diesel power stations
Floating Diesel power stations MAN Diesel & Turbo The responsible way in leading technology MAN Diesel & Turbo is the world s leading designer and manufacturer of low and medium speed engines. Our involvement
MAN Diesel & Turbo. Frederik Carstens Head of Offshore Sales Marine Medium Speed. Frederik Carstens & Karsten Borneman
Frederik Carstens Head of Offshore Sales Marine Medium Speed < 1 > Disclaimer All data provided on the following slides is for information purposes only, explicitly non-binding and subject to changes without
Crowley LNG. Puget Sound Harbor Safety Committee June 3 rd, 2015. Matthew Sievert Director Business Development LNG
Crowley LNG Puget Sound Harbor Safety Committee June 3 rd, 2015 Matthew Sievert Director Business Development LNG Company Profile Crowley was founded in 1892. Largest US Jones Act Co. Focusing on Marine
Tier III Kompatibilität mit Katalysator (SCR)
Tier Kompatibilität mit Katalysator (SCR) Workshop Abgasnachbehandlung VDR + Mariko 15.04.2016 1 Contents ntroduction of ERC Technik GmbH What is NOx? Development of Emission Limits SCR technology State
Rolls-Royce Marine - The Environship Concept System Solutions & Wave Piercing Technology
Rolls-Royce Marine - The Environship Concept System Solutions & Wave Piercing Technology Odd Magne Horgen Content Rolls-Royce in general 1910 Engines Environmentally friendly system solutions 2007 LNG
Viking Grace 20 months' experience of Ship to Ship LNG bunkering
GO LNG FINAL CONFERENCE TO THE SBSR PROJECT MARTECH LNG Viking Grace 20 months' experience of Ship to Ship LNG bunkering Kari Granberg Project Manager New Building & Technical Development. Agenda Viking
Design and Operation of Fuel Efficient Ships. Jan de Kat Director, Energy Efficiency Operational and Environmental Performance Copenhagen
Design and Operation of Fuel Efficient Ships Jan de Kat Director, Energy Efficiency Operational and Environmental Performance Copenhagen Genova 21 November 2013 Energy efficiency: key issues High fuel
Ferry Solutions by Wärtsilä
FERRY AND RO-PAX Ferry Solutions by Wärtsilä LEADING TECHNOLOGIES EXTENSIVE PRODUCT RANGE INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS LEADING TECHNOLOGIES INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS EXTENSIVE PRODUCT RANGE Wärtsilä connects the dots
LNG AS A MARINE FUEL POSSIBILITIES AND PROBLEMS
Journal of KONES Powertrain and Transport, Vol. 18, No. 2 2011 LNG AS A MARINE FUEL POSSIBILITIES AND PROBLEMS Jerzy Herdzik Gdynia Maritime University Marine Power Plant Department Morska Street 81-87,
How To Reduce Energy Efficiency On Ships
Danish Society for Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering & Danish Maritime Society Energy Efficiency & SEEMP Copenhagen - October 28 th 2013 Carlos GUERRERO Business Development Manager Oil tankers
SOx reduction. Class involvement
Class involvement Marpol 73/78 Annex VI MARPOL ANNEX VI applies to all ships, fixed and floating drilling rigs and other platforms IAPP Certificate is required for ships of 400 GRT and above engaged in
GAS FLAWLESS - FORM C
DESCRIPTION OF THE VESSEL 1. GENERAL 1.1 Builder and Yard HIGAKI S/Y Hull No. H/N 595 1.2 Year built 2007 1.3 Flag MALTA 1.4 Signal Letters and Normal Station Watched 9HVB8 1.5 Classification Lloyds 1.6
Fjord Line AS a company running on LNG. Presentation, Thursday March 5th 2015
Fjord Line AS a company running on LNG Presentation, Thursday March 5th 2015 AGENDA Section 1: The Company Section 4: Challenges, when we started Section 2: Regulation ( Marpol )! Section 5: Ports and
EEDI. Energy Efficiency Design Index
EEDI Energy Efficiency Design Index MAN Diesel & Turbo The responsible way in leading technology MAN Diesel & Turbo is the world s leading designer and manufacturer of low and medium speed engines engines
Market Conditions, Achievements & Challenges, General Technical Update
MAN Diesel & Turbo Technical Seminar, Nov 2015 Market Conditions, Achievements & Challenges, General Technical Update Presented by Ole Grøne Senior Vice President MAN Diesel & Turbo Copenhagen, Denmark
Ports of Stockholm meets new environmental requirements with LNG
Ports of Stockholm meets new environmental requirements with LNG Tougher regulations demand new solutions Shipping faces major challenges when the international environmental requirements become tougher.
WÄRTSILÄ 50DF PRODUCT GUIDE
WÄRTSILÄ 50DF PRODUCT GUIDE Introduction Introduction This Product Guide provides data and system proposals for the early design phase of marine engine installations. For contracted projects specific
WÄRTSILÄ SERVICES BUSINESS WHITE PAPER
WÄRTSILÄ SERVICES BUSINESS WHITE PAPER ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY GREATER EFFICIENCY, LOWER EMISSIONS AND AN ENHANCED REPUTATION An environmental strategy as a way of improving the efficiency of business
Ferry Business Case for LNG
Ferry Business Case for LNG Interferry 39 th Annual Interferry Conference Westin Bayshore 4-8 October 2014 Vancouver, BC John Hatley PE LNG Initiatives Americas VP Ship Power Wartsila North America, Inc.
SOx - FUEL CHANGE MANUAL. Manual No. 01
SOx - MANUAL Manual No. IMO No. 1234567 1 of 12 Content 1. SHIP DETAILS... 3 2. OWNER DETAILS... 3 3. ENGINE DETAILS... 3 4. CONSUMPTION HFO... 3 5. FUEL SYSTEM... 4 5.1. Tanks - HFO m³... 4 5.2 Tanks
Wet or Dry? Which Scrubber Type will Reign Supreme?
Wet or Dry? Which Scrubber Type will Reign Supreme? New IMO regulations for the restriction of shipping vessel air pollution are on the very near horizon. These new regulations will require significant
The Ship Operator s Guide To NOx Reduction
The Ship Operator s Guide To NOx Reduction The Comprehensive Resource For NOx Emissions Reduction & Abatement fathom marine energy environment GUIDE SPONSORS SUPPORTING SPONSOR The Ship Operator s Guide
> Capital Markets Day 2011
Wilh. Wilhelmsen ASA > Capital Markets Day 2011 Jan Eyvin Wang President and CEO 8 December 2011, Lysaker > Disclaimer This presentation may contain forward- looking expectations which are subject to risk
LNG Fuel for Shipping
Clean North Sea Shipping Conference London Martin Crawford-Brunt DNV is a provider of classification, verification and advisory services to the Oil & Gas, shipping and Energy markets "What we do" Classification
IMO REQUIREMENTS FROM JULY 2015 TO JULY 2018 INCLUSIVE
STATUTORY UPDATE No. 05, 2015 / JUNE Update available View No. 12/2016 IMO REQUIREMENTS FROM JULY 2015 TO JULY 2018 INCLUSIVE Keeping updated on new and retroactive requirements from IMO/ ILO can be a
Green Ship of the Future
Green Ship of the Future Green Ship of the Future (GSF) is a partnership, a joint initiative in which companies across the Danish Maritime Cluster join forces to develop and test environmentally and climate
US Shipbuilding and LNG JECKU TEM. Tom Wetherald
US Shipbuilding and LNG JECKU TEM Tom Wetherald US Coastwise Fleet Distribution Oceangoing Vessels Product Tanker Crude Carrier Containership 31 vessels in service 11 vessels in service 27 vessels in service
M. Dogliani Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI): norme IMO ed aspetti tecnici. PORT&SHIPPING TEC Green - Shipping Summit - Novembre 2011
Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI): Norme IMO ed aspetti tecnici PORT&SHIPPINGTEC Green Shipping Summit Novembre 2011 Mario Dogliani Head, Corporate R&D RINA Contents Regulatory background IMO & CO
LNG Fuel Gas Systems. www.tge-marine.com
LNG Fuel Gas Systems www.tge-marine.com Introduction Our references include LNG fuel gas systems for All major engine makers (MAN, Wärtsilä, Caterpillar/MAK, Rolls Royce) All types of engines: 2-stroke,
LNG bunkering market perspectives, challenges and trends
LNG bunkering market perspectives, challenges and trends Moscow 31 March 2015 Sergiu Maznic Full-picture perspective Sund Energy helps navigate into the energy future Energy Economics Environment Learning
Project ms Groenland. Henk Grunstra / Richard de Vries Damen Shipyards / Rederij Doeksen
Project ms Groenland Henk Grunstra / Richard de Vries Damen Shipyards / Rederij Doeksen An Assessment of Sustainable RoPax Ferry Concepts This work is part of the itransfer project, which is funded by
Scorpio Tankers, Inc. Q1 2013 Conference Call. April 29, 2013
1 Scorpio Tankers, Inc. Q1 2013 Conference Call April 29, 2013 Disclaimer COMPANY OVERVIEW 2 This presentation contains certain statements that may be deemed to be forward-looking statements within the
Ballast Water Management
MEPC 68 Brief The IMO Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) held its 68 th session from 11 to 15 May. This Brief provides an overview of the more significant issues progressed at this session.
T-103 John Hatley Laker Marine Business Case for LNG Fuel
T-103 John Hatley Laker Marine Business Case for LNG Fuel 2 Wärtsilä Laker Marine Business Case for LNG Fuel MARITEC Hilton 8 May 2014 Niagara Falls, Ontario John Hatley PE LNG Initiatives ( MBA, MSE )
Grain Capacity: No Hold name Hold C.B.M. ULUSOY-11
Pazartesi, 25 Ekim 2010 14:0 - Son Güncelleme Perşembe, 02 Ocak 2014 09:29 Owner Ulusoy Denizcilik A.Ş. Manager Ulusoy Denizyolları İşletmeciliği A.Ş. Type of ship Double Skin Bulk Carrier Built/Place
LNG BUNKERING LNG AS A SHIP S FUEL GREEN SHIP TECHNOLOGY, OSLO 23-MAR-2011. Carriers & Offshore Units. Jürgen Harperscheidt Sales Manager
LNG BUNKERING LNG AS A SHIP S FUEL GREEN SHIP TECHNOLOGY, OSLO 23-MAR-2011 Carriers & Offshore Units Jürgen Harperscheidt Sales Manager CONTENT TGE Company Profile Small LNG carriers as part of a bunkering
LNG to Danske Færger A/S Cleaner and Greener Shipping
LNG to Danske Færger A/S Cleaner and Greener Shipping 29 November 2010 by Per Gullestrup Routes and Ferries Kanhave (110 biler, 600 pax) Kyholm (90 biler, 550 pax) Fenja (34 biler, 396 pax) Menja (34 biler,
Energy Savings through Electric-assist Turbocharger for Marine Diesel Engines
36 Energy Savings through Electric-assist Turbocharger for Marine Diesel Engines KEIICHI SHIRAISHI *1 YOSHIHISA ONO *2 YUKIO YAMASHITA *3 MUSASHI SAKAMOTO *3 The extremely slow steaming of ships has become
Full report. North European LNG Infrastructure Project A feasibility study for an LNG filling station infrastructure and test of recommendations
Full report North European LNG Infrastructure Project A feasibility study for an LNG filling station infrastructure and test of recommendations - 2 - Observers Consultants - 3 - Foreword The background
Development of Next-Generation LNGC Propulsion Plant and HYBRID System
Development of Next-eneration LNC Propulsion Plant and HYBRID System MASARU OKA* 1 KAZUYOSHI HIRAOKA* 1 KENJI TSUMURA* 1 In recent business of new building LN carriers, demands have frequently been made
The age of LNG is here
The age of LNG is here Most cost efficient solution for ECAs Tor Svensen, President DNV What is keeping us back from using LNG for ships? At DNV we struggle to understand: - why the shipping industry is
Energy Efficiency of Ships: what are we talking about?
Energy Efficiency of Ships: what are we talking about? Flickr.com/OneEIghteen How do you measure ship efficiency? What is the best metric? What is the potential for regulation? CONTEXT In July 2011, the
Issues and measures for use of low-sulfur fuel oil
Issues and measures for use of low-sulfur fuel oil 1. Introduction While various kinds of regulations are being enforced to inhibit the emission of atmospheric pollutants from ships, other controls are
ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES
ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES MARITIME ADMINISTRATION CIRCULAR N POL 008 - Rev 1 MARPOL ANNEX I OIL RESIDUE (SLUDGE) AMENDMENTS - MEPC 59 TO: SHIPOWNERS, SHIPS OPERATORS AND MANAGERS, MASTERS APPLICABLE
GUIDELINES FOR VOLUNTARY USE OF THE SHIP ENERGY EFFICIENCY OPERATIONAL INDICATOR (EEOI)
INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION 4 ALBERT EMBANKMENT LONDON SE1 7SR Telephone: 020 7735 7611 Fax: 020 7587 3210 IMO E Ref. T5/1.01 MEPC.1/Circ.684 17 August 2009 GUIDELINES FOR VOLUNTARY USE OF THE
Implementing a Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) Guidance for shipowners and operators
Implementing a Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) Guidance for shipowners and operators Lloyd s Register, its affiliates and subsidiaries and their respective officers, employees or agents
Press Release Page 2 / 9
Copenhagen, 07/0 MAN Diesel & Turbo Technology Boosts Efficiency WHR and TCS-PTG improve efficiency on large engines MAN Diesel & Turbo used the world premiere of its MAN B&W ME-GI gas engine in Copenhagen
US Heavy Duty Fleets - Fuel Economy
US Heavy Duty Fleets - Fuel Economy Feb. 22, 2006 Anthony Greszler Vice President Advanced Engineering VOLVO POWERTRAIN CORPORATION Drivers for FE in HD Diesel Pending oil shortage Rapid oil price increases
Copyright 2012 Mayekawa Mfg. Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
MGO COOLING SYSTEM MAYEKAWA MFG. CO., LTD. Marine Division Ecology and Energy Dept. Copyright 2012 Mayekawa Mfg. Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Current regulation : New sulphur limits in marine fuel 1.
Bergen Engines Products and Applications
Bergen Engines Products and Applications 1 Since 1948 Bergen Engines, a Rolls-Royce Power Systems Company, has delivered more than 6,500 four-stroke medium-speed diesel and gas engines for power generation
Dual Fuel Medium Speed Product. Presenter Name Date
Dual Fuel Medium Speed Product Presenter Name Date Contents Caterpillar, Inc. Overview Our Product Line Dual Fuel Product Dual Fuel Conversion Performance & Maintenance References Caterpillar, Inc. Making
Marine after-treatment from STT Emtec AB
Marine after-treatment from STT Emtec AB For Your Vessel and the Environment SCR Technology How it works The selective catalytic reduction of nitrous oxides (NOx) by nitrogen compounds such as urea solutions
Dry Bulk Carriers Vessel: Bulk Americas
Vessel: Bulk Americas Dry Bulk Americas Ltd. NKK Tsuneishi Heavy Industries 23 November 2011 Delivery 30 January 2012 Panama Panama 5650737 3EZH3 Bulk Carrier 185.78 M 32.36 18.0 M 12.80 M Deadweight (S.S.W.)
MAN 28/33D STC. Powerful and reliable
MAN 28/33D STC Powerful and reliable MAN Diesel & Turbo Leading technology - the responsible way MAN Diesel & Turbo is the world s leading designer and manufacturer of low and medium speed engines engines
Carbon Footprint of Refrigerated Goods Transportation
Quality Matters! CCA Annual General Meeting, Berlin 6-7 May 2010 Carbon Footprint of Refrigerated Goods Transportation Comparison of Air, Land and Sea transport under Design Conditions and in Real Operation
Cleaner Shipping Environmental regulation Challenges and possibilities for consultants
Cleaner Shipping Environmental regulation Challenges and possibilities for consultants Leif Jacobsen Department Director Marine Grontmij l Carl Bro 1 Cleaner Shipping Grontmij l Carl Bro Environmental
FURTHER TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL MEASURES FOR ENHANCING ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING
MARINE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION COMMITTEE 67th session Agenda item 5 MEPC 67/5/XX [ ] August 2014 Original: ENGLISH FURTHER TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL MEASURES FOR ENHANCING ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF INTERNATIONAL
WÄRTSILÄ GAS POWER PLANTS BENEFITS: Maintenance schedule independent of the number of starts, stops or trips. Net plant electrical efficiency over 52%
GAS POWER PLANTS The Sheki power plant in Azerbaijan is equipped with 10 x Wärtsilä 20V34SG engines. WÄRTSILÄ GAS POWER PLANTS BENEFITS: Net plant electrical efficiency over 52% Fast start-up 5 min from
IMO Rules for gas as ship fuel BLG-15 MSC-88 BLG-16 MSC-89. SOLAS 2010 SOLAS 2014 IGF-Iterim-Guideline (IMO) BMVBS GL-IGF Guideline
Gas as Ship Fuel Dr Gerd Würsig IMO Rules for gas as ship fuel Regulatory Track BLG-13 MSC-86 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 BLG-14 MSC-87 BLG-15 MSC-88 BLG-16 MSC-89 BLG-17 MSC-90 BLG-18 MSC-91 SOLAS 2010
Natural Gas Fueling Our Future 2014 NGV Conference
Natural Gas Fueling Our Future 2014 NGV Conference Sept 16, 2014 Houston Texas Introduction Who We Are We are a Ulysses, PA based a full service Well to Wheel LNG fuel distributor One of the very first
Possible Technical Modifications on Pre-2000 Marine Diesel Engines for NOx Reductions
Possible Technical Modifications on Pre-2000 Marine Diesel Engines for NOx Reductions Report No. MPU 2008.017 Version 1/1 Department MPU Combustion Engines Environmental Contents Executive Summary 0 Introduction
TEN-T Motorways of the Sea The North Europe LNG Infrastructure Project - Finalizing Conference Copenhagen 14 June 2012
TEN-T Motorways of the Sea The North Europe LNG Infrastructure Project - Finalizing Conference Copenhagen 14 June 2012 Mogens Schrøder Bech Danish Maritime Authority Outline Introduction the overall project
Part 0 - Classification and Surveys Classification and Surveys I-0 2016-01
Code Edition I - Ship Technology Part 0 - Classification and Surveys Classification and Surveys I-0 2016-01 Part 1 - Seagoing Ships Chapter 1 - Hull Structures I-1-1 2016-01 Chapter 1 - Hull Structures
Ambient Temperature Operation and Matching MAN B&W Two-stroke Engines
Ambient Temperature Operation and Matching MAN B&W Two-stroke Engines Content Introduction...5 Standard ambient matched engine...5 Operating at high seawater with standard matched engine...6 Non-standard
01 2015 CIMAC Guideline
01 2015 CIMAC Guideline Cold flow properties of marine fuel oils By CIMAC WG7 Fuels This publication is for guidance and gives an overview regarding the assessment of risks associated with operating on
DNV GL PREPARING FOR LOW SULPHUR OPERATION
SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER TECHNICAL UPDATE 13-2014 / NOVEMBER DNV GL PREPARING FOR LOW SULPHUR OPERATION Stricter limitations on sulphur emissions (SO X ) will pose many challenges to ships operating in
Marine NEW. B33:45 the most powerful engine in its class
Marine NEW B33:45 the most powerful engine in its class 1 The Bergen B33:45 diesel engine The prototype B33:45 on testbed in Bergen. General description The new Bergen B33:45 engine from Rolls-Royce carries
POWER PLANT GAS CONVERSIONS WÄRTSILÄ SPARK IGNITED GAS ENGINE (SG) CONCEPT
POWER PLANT GAS CONVERSIONS WÄRTSILÄ SPARK IGNITED GAS ENGINE (SG) CONCEPT WÄRTSILÄ DUAL FUEL GAS ENGINE (DF) CONCEPT CONVERSION CONCEPTS BASED ON EXISTING WÄRTSILÄ VASA 32/32LN, WÄRTSILÄ 32 AND WÄRTSILÄ
Automatic Back-Flushing Filter AutoFilt RF9.
Automatic Back-Flushing Filter AutoFilt RF9. AutoFilt RF9 Clearing the Way. The Challenge: In response to the Tier III standard which will come into effect in 2016, the International Maritime Organization
Examining the Commercial Viability of Cold Ironing
Examining the Commercial Viability of Cold Ironing Shore-side electricity Shore-connected electricity supply Shore power Shore-to-ship Cold ironing Alternative Maritime Power (AMP) Onshore Power Supply
Wärtsilä Ship Power Piero Zoglia. Gas Storage and supply systems /Piero Zoglia
Gas Storage and supply systems Wärtsilä Ship Power Piero Zoglia 1 Wärtsilä September18, 2013 Gas Storage and supply systems /Piero Zoglia Gas Storage and supply systems Welcome on board Viking Grace! Piero
KEY FACTORS AND BARRIERS TO THE ADOPTION OF COLD IRONING IN EUROPE
KEY FACTORS AND BARRIERS TO THE ADOPTION OF COLD IRONING IN EUROPE Giulia Arduino 1, David Carrillo Murillo 2 Claudio Ferrari 3 Abstract The first cases of successful implementation of cold ironing can
Implications of new regulation regarding sulphur content in ship s fuel on maritime transport sector within Baltic Sea Region
Implications of new regulation regarding sulphur content in ship s fuel on maritime transport sector within Baltic Sea Region on the basis of the TransBaltic and Baltic Ports Organization s Port Debate:
How To Reduce Fuel Consumption
Merenkulun haasteet ja mahdollisuudet tulevassa kustannusympäristössä Staffan Herlin, Finnlines Oyj SKAL Logistiikkaseminaari 2012 1 2 Grimald Group Global Network Grimaldi Group - European Network Kapellskär