Management of Forest Ecosystems. Presentation from Jeanine Wagner, Module Ecosystem Analysis, 2 nd Semester M.Sc. Environmental Management

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1 Management of Forest Ecosystems Presentation from Jeanine Wagner, Module Ecosystem Analysis, 2 nd Semester M.Sc. Environmental Management

2 Introduction Classical, traditional forest Ecological forest Certification systems Conclusion References

4 Historical Forest Use The forests in Europe developed years ago b.c. a significant change of the natural woodlands started -> first influences, e.g. leave meadows Bronze Age: wood as commercial source of energy

5 Historical Forest Use Since 600 years the forest colonize those stands, it also does today From the thirty-years-war on, usage of forest litter for at least 150 years To summarize the development: Shifting cultivation > wood pasture > coppice

on, usage of forest litter for at least 150 years To

6 Classical forest Coppice encouraged the first age-class forests -> planned forest (from 1750 onwards) Since the 18 th century Plenter - With the beginning of the 19 th century methodical and sustainable forestry in Germany

18 th century Plenter - With the beginning of the 19 th

7 Traditional forest Forestry in general: to utilize the forest, its products and functions for the society -> process in change over the centuries Federal Law on Forestry (1975): Law to maintain the forests and to promote forestry

process in change over the centuries Federal Law on

8 Traditional forest Coppice and middle forest only with broadleaved trees, not very much in use any more High forest: popular operation category for economically used forests

9 Traditional forest Operation category Coppice Middle forest High forest Method of operation - - Age-class structure Plenter-forest Regeneration strategy Vegetative coppicing roots coppicing natural regeneration plantation Natural regeneration sowing plantation Form of regeneration Clear cuts Umbrella cuts Clear cuts, umbrella cuts, femel cuts, edge cuts, combinations

coppicing natural regeneration plantation Natural regeneration sowing plantation Form of

10 Traditional forest Plenter-forest: Mixture of trees of different ages, sizes and heights Plot wise or age-class high forest: different composition forms, depending on form of regeneration -> clear and umbrella cuts on bigger plots, femel and edge cuts on smaller areas

different composition forms, depending on form of regeneration ->

11 Traditional forest

12 Ecological forest Term sustainability first invented by Carl von Carlowitz Conference of the European Ministers of Forestry in Helsinki: Definition of sustainable forestry Two incidents lead to a rethink of universal forestry practices: dying of the woods in the 80ies and hurricane Wiebke in spring 1990

Definition of sustainable forestry Two incidents lead to a rethink of

13 Ecological forest 30. May 1950 foundation of the ANW (work group on natural forest ) -> holistic consideration of forests as long-lasting, polymorphic and dynamic ecosystems -> natural processes shall be optimised 22. September 1989 foundation of Pro Silva, pendant to ANW on European level

holistic consideration of forests as long-lasting, polymorphic and

14 Ecological forest Site-native mixed forests, regarded as a complex ecosystem Stability and natural development of the ecosystem Maintenance of the micro-climate in uneven aged and layered woodlands No clear-cuts, frequent recurrence of tending operations

ecosystem Maintenance of the micro-climate in uneven aged and

15 Certification systems Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), 1993 Sustainable Forestry Initiative Program (SFI), 1994 Naturland in cooperation with Greenpeace, BUND and Robin Wood, 1995 Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes (PEFC), 1999 Environmental Management System Standard (ISO 14001)

Greenpeace, BUND and Robin Wood, 1995 Programme for the Endorsement of

16 Other Guidelines ANW 1950 Flora-Fauna-Habitat Guideline, 1992 Earth Summit 1992: Forest Principles NABU 2006: Forest alliance

17 Conclusion Forests have ever been used, not always managed and over a long period not sustainable At least since the UNCED in Rio 1992, there is a rethinking in forest methods, although the implementation is slow Forests are not only wood supplier, but a vital and diverse ecosystem with many, many functions!

rethinking in forest methods, although the implementation is slow Forests are

18 References Erlbeck, Haseder, Stinglwagner: Das Kosmos Wald- und Forstlexikon; Franck-Kosmos Verlag, 2. Auflage 2002 Wilhelm Bode: Naturnahe Waldwirtschaft; DEUKALION Verlag 1997 Hermann Graf Hatzfelds: Ökologische Waldwirtschaft; C.F. Müller Verlag, 2. Auflage 1996 Bode, Hohnhorst: Waldwende Vom Försterwald zum Naturwald; Verlag C.H. Beck 1994 Alfred Dengler: Waldbau Bd. 2; Verlag Paul Parey, 6. Auflage Bundeswaldgesetz, FFH-Richtlinie,

Müller Verlag, 2. Auflage 1996 Bode, Hohnhorst: Waldwende Vom Försterwald zum Naturwald; Verlag C.H. Beck 1994 Alfred Dengler: Waldbau Bd.

PEFC: GLOBAL ASSURANCE OF SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT

PEFC: GLOBAL ASSURANCE OF SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT CONSUMERS TODAY want to know they are buying wood and paper products from reliable, responsible suppliers. Their expectations are high because the