The French Approach to Rapid Transit Mode Selection and Project Planning Thierry Gouin / Certu

Transcription

1 The French Approach to Rapid Transit Mode Selection and Project Planning Thierry Gouin / Certu Transport Forum / World Bank / Washington / 28 March 2006

2 The Center for the Study of Urban Planning, Transportation and Public Facilities François Rambaud 33 (4)

3 1. Before 2000 : How political will at the national level has influenced mode selection 2. After 2000 : How a lack of available funds has helped to bring about a new approach to mode selection 3. Transit mode selection and planning at the local level in 2006

4 1. Before 2000 : How political will at the national level has influenced mode selection 2. After 2000 : How a lack of available funds has helped to bring about a new approach to mode selection 3. Transit mode selection and planning at the local level in 2006

5 : French Metros Until the 70 s, the Paris metro stood alone (opened in 1900) Transport Levy introduction in Paris, then in other regions Construction of metros in the largest cities (Lyon, Lille, Marseille, Toulouse)

6 : French Metros Lille Rennes Paris Lyon Toulouse Marseille

7 : French Metros Until the 70 s, the Paris metro stood alone (opened in 1900) Transport Levy introduction in Paris, then in other regions Construction of metros in the largest cities (Lyon, Lille, Marseille, Toulouse) 1982 : Decentralization Domestic Transport Orientation Law (LOTI)

8 : The Re-Birth Of French Tramways 1996 : Air Law, Urban Transport Plans State subsidies Global approach / shared use of the street: rapid transit rises to the surface again!

9 Shared use of the street

10 : The Re-Birth Of French Tramways 1996 : Air Law, Urban Transport Plans State subsidies Global approach / shared use of the street: rapid transit rises to the surface again! Re-birth of the tramway after its disappearance in the 1950 s Transport and urban enhancement tool

11 Source : Strasbourg Station «L homme de fer»

12 French tramways Brest Nantes Caen Bordeaux Rouen Lille St Denis Bobigny Val de Seine Angers Orléans Le Mans Valenciennes Nancy Reims Clermont-Ferrand Lyon Grenoble St Etienne Strasbourg Mulhouse Nice Montpellier Toulon Marseille

13 The Situation In 2000 Metros : a few of them / no standard design Tramways : only in urban areas (e.g. historical zones; public space enhancement) Importance of innovation / image (teething problems : Lyon Maggaly, Nancy TVR, Bordeaux APS)

14 The Situation In 2000 Bordeaux Lyon Citadis Orléans Montpellier Source : AMTUIR

15 The Situation In 2000 Metros : a few of them / no standard design Tramways : only in urban areas (e.g. historic zones; public space enhancement) Importance of innovation / image (teething problems : Lyon Maggaly, Nancy TVR, Bordeaux APS) Bus systems are still not optimal, low level of investment

16 1. Before 2000 : How political will at the national level has influenced mode selection 2. After 2000 : How a lack of available funds has helped to bring about a new approach to mode selection 3. Transit mode selection and planning at the local level in 2006

17 After 2000 Rapid Transit operating costs : 7 bn Paris + 5 bn other regions every year Passenger use is leveling out, public transport mode share is declining except in rapid transit towns where it remains stable Huge need for investment (60 rapid transit projects over the next 10 years) 2003 : decentralization, stage 2 End of State subsidies

18 * BRT 2005: BHNS* How best to meet demand? Light Rail is not always the best option Make better use of bus technologies Certu publication «Bus à Haut Niveau de Service Concept et recommandations» (BRT Concept and recommendations)

19 French BRT Douai Rouen Amiens Maubeuge Lorient Brest Rennes Nantes Orléans La Rochelle Annecy Nice Nîmes St Denis La Réunion

20 Paris IDENTITY Image - Personality - Style - Name SERVICES Reception - Information - Services Comfort INTERFACES Urbanity - Intermodality Stations insertion POWER Speed - Regularity - Frequency Amplitude - Capacity «Mobilien» : Certifying bus routes Source : RATP

21 Nantes «Busway»: Street enhancement Source : SEMITAN

22 Source : Agglo Rouen Rouen «Teor» : Optical guidance

23 Nîmes A BRT network for a small town without Light Rail Source : Agglo Nîmes

24 1. Before 2000 : How political will at the national level has influenced mode selection 2. After 2000 : How a lack of available funds has helped to bring about a new approach to mode selection 3. Transit mode selection and planning at the local level in 2006

25 Local Transit Projects Transit policy : complete autonomy for local organizing authorities Transit projects : a culture of «pre-project evaluation» (State subsidies) Transit mode selection relevance of various transport modes: supply, urban «insertion», environment, accessibility and comfort, intermodality, cost

26 Local Transit Projects Capacity (pass./hour) Cost (M /km) Metros Tramways Buses 700 0, Certu publication «Les modes de transports collectifs urbains Eléments de choix par une approche globale des systèmes» (Urban transit modes Guidance for a system global approach)

27 Taking All Transport Modes Into Account Urban Transport Plans : global approach, all modes > Pre-diagnostic > Diagnostic > Setting objectives > Comparing alternatives > Action plan See : US Alternatives Analysis

28 Taking All Transport Modes Into Account Consultation (stakeholders involvement) Certu publication «Guide pour l élaboration des Plans de Déplacements Urbains» (Urban Transport Plan elaboration guide)

29 Working Over A Larger Area : «The Bigger Picture» ScoT : a land use approach - large areas Limiting urban sprawl Going from a superficial «facelift» approach to an integrated town and transit planning approach Certu publication «SCoT et déplacements» (Land use and mobility)

30 Rapid Transit Mode Selection and Project Planning Urban Area Integrated Scheme (SCoT) Urban Transport Plan (PDU) Urban Area Large Specified Area Transit Mode Selection Transport System Vehicle + Infrastructure + Operation Public Transport Network Public Transport All Modes Integrated Town and Transit Plaznning Approach

31 Difficulties and challenges Improve public transport efficiency Improve connectivity between networks (intermodality : a technical and institutional issue) Improve evaluation Improve dissemination Thank you