Power Control Design of a battery charger in a Hybrid Active PV generator for loadfollowing

Transcription

1 IEEE Tranacton on Inutral Electronc, Vol. 58, I.,. 8594, Jan., TIE937 Power ontrol Degn of a tery charger n a Hybr Actve PV generator for loafollowng alcaton Hcham Fakham, D Lu, Bruno Franco, Senor Member, IEEE Abtract A hybr generator wth a PV energy converon ytem rooe wth uercaactor an leaac tere n a coule tructure. The objectve of th ytem to uly recrbe reactve an actve ower to the gr. Th reente work focue on the trategy, whch make t oble to enure a hgh tery tate of charge an an overcharge ecurty by egnng a ecate local control ytem. A contnuou ynamc moel an a control egn of the ower ytem tue are rooe n th aer. Smulaton an exermental reult llutrate the erformance obtane. Inex Term Hybr ower ytem, PV generator, trbute generator, ower control, energy management. cbu of the grconnecte nverter [6]. A PV controller ue to extract the Maxmum Power from PV anel an en t to the tery bank. However, the tochatc nature of the PV ower outut an ower eman lea to a fat charge/charge acton of tere an a fat tery ageng. PV controller Battery bank A Grconnecte nverter Abu Gr I. INTRODUTION urrently Photovoltac (PV generator are egne n orer to generate a maxmum ower to the gr. Becaue of the tochatc nature of the PV ower outut, large eveloment of grconnecte PV ytem nvolve large fluctuaton of the freuency, ower an voltage n the gr. Snce ome countre have aote feen tarff for grconnecte PV ytem, uch roblem are now crtcal an the control of energy ualty become more mortant than before. Actve Dtrbute Generator (DG have the otental to rove ancllary ervce uner thee crcumtance. For examle, they may have everal functon a freuency control, ntantaneou reerve, emergency uly, eak havng, To rove thee gr ervce, the real an reactve gr ower rouce from PV generator have to be controlle [], []. Hence, torage unt (tere, uercaactor, or/an other energy ource (wn generator, eel unt, can be ue to comenate the lack of ower or to tore the exce ower [3], [4]. A coornate ue of torage unt mut be egne wthn the avalable renewable reource n orer to atfy the ower reurement. A hown n Fg..a, the tructure that ha been wely ue bae on the rect connecton of a tery bank to the Manucrt receve July 3, 9. Th work wa uorte n art by the french Reearch Natonal Agency: ANR roject SUPERENER. H. Fakham, D. Lu, B. Franco are wth Unv Llle Nor e France, F 59 Llle, France an wth ELlle, LEP F5965 Vlleneuve Ac (emal: [email protected]. olor veron of one or more of the fgure n th aer are avalable onlne at htt://eeexlore.eee.org PVgenerator PVgenerator Battery bank (a acae coule tructure PV / Ultracaactor / bank bu (b coule tructure A Grconnecte nverter Abu Aloa Gr Aloa Fg.. Dfferent cheme for hybr PV generator nclung torage unt. To enable a more effcent ue of tere, a coule tructure ha been reente n [7]. A frt nteret that the tery bank connecte to the cbu va a / an, o make t oble to obtan an otme charge/charge oeraton moe (ee Fg..b [8]. A econ avantage that a uer caactor bank ae an alo connecte to the cbu va another /. Battere mut be ue for the long term uly of energy. Suercaactor lea to a fat ynamc regulaton of ower [9], []. The PV array connecte to the cbu va a PV. A ower management an control metho for th

2 IEEE Tranacton on Inutral Electronc, Vol. 58, I.,. 8594, Jan., TIE937 grconnecte PV generator nclung both torage unt ha to be egne n orer to rove the real gr ower reference reure. One of the mot mortant factor for the tue PV bae DG are how effcently: t can convert rmary PV ower nto electrcty; t can extract tore energy from tere f the PV ower nuffcent; t can tore energy nto tere f the PV ower abunant. The control trategy ublhe n [] coner the ower management of tere a a moothng ytem. Hence, the overall ytem value can be greatly ncreae for the gr oerator becaue th generator then able to rove recrbe reactve an real ower. But a moothng charge/charge nuffcent to make an otmze tery torage oeraton oble (wth a mnmze cot becaue the tery lfetme lmte an een uon a number of oeraton factor (overcharge, charge level, temerature. Another atonal ohtcate control trategy for the tery charger reure to enure a hgh tery SO an an overcharge ecurty, a well a ncreang the tery lfetme. The nnovaton n th aer to rooe an accurate tery control trategy nto the control ytem of th hybr actve PV generator. Dfferent chargng metho for tere have been rooe, but the chargng rncle alway the ame. harge controller revent an exceve tery from overchargng by nterrutng or lmtng the current flow from the olar array to the tery when the tery fully charge. A terychargng trategy, whch ha been wely ale n PV ytem, bae on connectng or connectng rectly the olar array to the tery bank [][4]. The chargng regulaton often erforme when a recrbe cutoff voltage (gang voltage or floatng voltage reache. oneuently, only the frt 7% to 8% of tery caacty reache. In orer to acheve the full caacty wthout caung overcharge, an alternatve chargng metho bae on on/off control rooe n [5][7]. However, urng the offtme no energy tranferre to the tery. oneuently, the avalable renewable energy baly ue an manage. Another metho rooe a terychargng algorthm bae on the tate of charge (SO etmaton [8], [9]. However, the accurate etmaton of the SO reman very comlex an ffcult to be mlemente. In orer to avo th comlexty, ecfc regulaton algorthm have been rooe: Maxmum Power Pont Trackng (MPPT [], fuzzy logcbae metho []. However, thee regulaton algorthm can not oerate wth a grconnecte nverter an gr ower reference from a gr oerator. In th aer, the control ytem etale n Secton II wthn the artcular ower management of the varou unt: PV, tere, an uercaactor. In Secton III, the trategy of tery current trackng eveloe n orer to charge tere at the hgh tery SO level, wth a hort tme ero an wth overcharge ecurty. A contnuou ynamc moel of leaac tere charge voltage exoe an then the control egn rooe etale. To how the erformance obtane, mulaton reult are reente, hghlghtng the long term evoluton of electrcal uantte n the tere n the Secton IV. In Secton V, the gr ervce concernng the force loafollowng reurement recalle an exermental reult are reente to emontrate the real tme ower comenaton of the uercaactor an ae the goo oeraton of the whole generator. Fnally, ome concluon are gven about the overall egn. II. ONTROL SYSTEM SHEME A. Organzaton The control ytem comoe of three level (ee Fg.. Each one ha rece control tak eenng on t herarchcal oton []. The Swtchng ontrol Unt (SU rove the emconuctor gnal ({5, 5} n orer to aly the eal tate ({, } ere. A hybr generator ha four ower an thu four SU are ue for each, a well a four Automatc ontrol Unt (AU. An AU ale control algorthm to atfy the current or voltage reference. The Power ontrol Unt (PU calculate the ower reference for each ource accorng to the ower balancng trategy. B. ontrol of fat ynamc uantte ontrol functon of fat ynamc electrcal uantte have been etale n [7], []. In orer to get a contant bu voltage, a cloe loo control of th voltage (ee Fg. et the caactor current ( c_ref reure. The PV voltage (u controlle to et the maxmum PV ower reference ( _ref, whch calculate by a MPPT algorthm accorng to the Power algorthm level [3]. urrent controller are ue to control the choke current ( L, the gr current (, the uercaactor current ( c an the tery current ( b. alculate gnal, u m ref, u m ref, u m_c_ref, u m_nv_ref obtane are the reference whe, n mean value, of outut voltage for, reectvely the PV /, the tery /, the uercaactor / an the nverter. The tery current reference euce by ung the current trackng for a recrbe an otmze ower wth the tery. It wll be etale n Secton III.. Power control urrent reference for cloe loo control are foun ung nvere moellng euaton R an R, reectvely for the uercaactor an the PV (ee Table. By ung a ynchronze Park frame along wth the gr voltage, the gr real ower can be exree wth Park comonent of the gr voltage ( v, v an current (, (ee Table I (R3. By nvertng thee euaton, the real ower uly to the gr ( g regulate by ettng the flter current reference wth a reactve ower reference (ee Table I (R3c.

3 IEEE Tranacton on Inutral Electronc, Vol. 58, I.,. 8594, Jan., TIE937 The reure ower for the bu regulaton ( c an tery ower ( are calculate ung the correonng moellng euaton (ee Table I (R4e, (R5e. The PV ower avalable etmate n a mlar way (ee Table I (Re. Ultracaactor Leaac Battere u L,R uuc L3,R3 um_ uc um_uc D. Power algorthm The ower algorthm level (ee Fg. comre the MPPT algorthm [], the ower balancng algorthm (ee Fg. 4 an the tery current trackng algorthm (ee Fg. 7. Tuc PV Panel PV u L,R L um_ T T u A Tnv L4,R4 4V 38V G R I D Swtchng ontrol Unt (S..U. S..U.4 S..U.3 S..U. S..U. m_ref m_ref mc_ref mnv_ref Automatc ontrol Unt (A..U u _ref u loe loo orrector L_ref L loe loo _ref orrector u m ref loe loo orrector u m ref Lne urrent ontrol u nv_ref u gr loe loo loe loo c_ref orrector u m_c_ref _ref orrector c_ref c u _ref _ref c_ref c_ref _ref Power control _ref u u u c c c_ref c c_ref Gr Power u gr ontrol (R3c g _ref g _ref Power algorthm Power ontrol Unt (P..U. Oeratng moe g_ref g_ref Fg.. Grconnecte Photovoltac ower ytem nclung tere.

4 937TIE 4 The MPPT algorthm ue a clacal one an wll not be etale n th aer. The tery current trackng algorthm wll be reente n Secton III. Storage unt are ue to mlement the nner ower balancng; the correonng algorthm now etale. c TABLE I. POWER MODELING AND ONTROL EQUATIONS Moelng euaton = u (R c c = u (R g = v g = v = v v u c c (R3 (R4 ontrol euaton c c = (Rc uc = (Rc u = u (Re v v g g_ ref = v v (R3c g v g v = v v = u c c (R4e = u (R5 u_ ref L R L R flter to = (R5e = ( (R6 flter ( = (R6e TABLE II. POWER MODELING AND MANAGEMENT EQUATIONS Moelng euaton = (R7 uc = Power management f ( to _ = c to ref conv = to (R8 to conv_ ref (R7c = (R8c A = conv (R9 conv = A (R9c g = A L flter (R A = g L flter (Rc = u (R u = (Rc By aumng a generatng oeraton of tere an uercaactor an by neglectng loe n the ower electronc, tery ower an uercaactor ower aear rectly to the bu an are ae to PV ower (ee Fg. 4 an Table II (R8. A art of th ower exchange ne bu caactor (ee Table II (R9. Some ower lot n choke L flter an then the remanng ower ent to gr g (ee Table II (R. In th converon chan tue, oblte ext to tore energy or to boot t by managng the exchange ower wth tere an wth uercaactor c [5]. The management of the ower flow obtane by ung the moellng euaton n orer to et the gr ower wth ( g_ref wth recrbe bu ower ( c _ an uner etmate ref avalable PV ower. Loe n the gr flter can be etmate (ee Table I (R6e. They are ue to calculate the A ower reference ( A_ref (ee Fg. 4 an Table II (Rc. In a mlar, the ower reure to regulate bu ( ae to obtan the total ower neceary (ee Table II (R9c. The reference of the exchange ower wth the torage unt ( to_ref calculate by ung an etmaton of PV ower ( rouce (ee Table II (R8c. Dcharge of tere orere from the gr ower reference (Fg. 5. The loang of tere alo orere f exce ower avalable ( to > an f an orer from the gr ower reference receve. The ower reference of the uercaactor calculate from the fference between the tmng reference of the reure ower from torage unt to an calculate ower reference of tere (. ba t to conv A L flter c onnecton Source B u to g r Fg. 3. Power flow for a generatng moe of tere an uercaactor. g_ref L flter _ref _ Power balancng algorthm to_ref Decon Begn u Fg. 4. Power algorthm. _ Battery current trackng algorthm (fg. 7 MPPT III. BATTERY URRENT TRAKING g c_ref _ref _ref A. Moelng of the lea ac tery The avalablty of a theoretcal charge voltage moel, whch ftte to exermental ata, mortant to unertan the behavour of the tere urng chargng n realtc conton. Recently a fractonalorer moellng ha been eveloe to etmate the tery retance [6]. Another metho cont to ue an extene Kalman flter for the obervaton tery arameter [7]. A charge voltage moel can alo be ue to egn the regulaton ytem, the charge control an the global avance PV control ytem wth ecate control functon for the gr. In th context, the mot common moel are electrocrcut moel, whch are bae on electrcal crcut element uch a caactor, retor, an a voltage ource. Dfferent electrocrcut

5 937TIE 5 moel for tery behavour mulaton are avalable, an thee moel have fferent egree of comlexty an mulaton ualte. However, among the moel avalable, none conere atfactory n term of comlexty recon. The comlexty ue to the hgh number of arameter to be etermne. The major reult how that for each tery, the arameter value are fferent an th a major nconvenent for the regulaton ytem egn or PV general mulaton. Therefore, t referable to have a generc moel wth contant arameter an val for any ze of tere. In th context, n [8] a normalze moel ha been rooe. Th moel mle becaue the exermental entfcaton of emrcal arameter not reure. The reult, whch have been obtane for fferent tere n [8], [9] how that th moel can aeuately rerouce the behavour of tere urng charge/charge rocee. To avo exceve comlexty n th aer, a mofe ynamcal tery voltage moel rooe. It bae on the IEMAT moel [8]. A mle retorcaactor electrcal moel ue (ee Fg. 5 an the termnal voltage gven a: _ If u <nv g u ( t n Vcb ( t Vc ( t V cb ( t = t ( t _ If u nv g Wth V t u c ( =, ( = R SO( t ( t b V c ( t ( t ( Vcb =. (3.6 ( t n( V ( t R( t ( t =, (4 cb SO ( t =, (5 ( t.6v V cb = (6 R ( t =. 6. ( (7 t ( V ( t cb b ( t =.9 ( t n. 6 (8.67 I I =. (9 : tery current (A, u : tery voltage (V, n: number of cell, V g =.35V: gang voltage, V c : olarzaton voltage (V, V cb : electromotve force (V, SO: tery tate of charge, R : nternal retor, : olarzaton caactor (F, : nomnal caacty (Ah after a h chargng, I : charge current correonng to. Moel arameter have been entfe for a tery ack,, comoe of four leaac STEO 3 tere. For each tery, the nomnal caacty =95Ah, the nomnal voltage V an the number of cell 6. In the tery ack, the eral/ arallel connecton of four tere choen to get a 4V full voltage wth two et n arallel of two tere n ere (ee Fg.. harge tet have been erforme wth a current controlle /. Durng each tet, the current an the temerature were ket contant. The olarzaton caactance =F obtane wa been calculate to match wth the tet ata. For a contant tery current ( =5A, a comaron between the tery voltage an the moel voltage hown n Fg. 6. Battery voltage (V b V cb R V c Fg. 5. Euvalent crcut for the tery. Battery voltage Moel voltage u Tme (mn Fg. 6. Voltagetme charactertc wth a 5A charge at 5. B. Battery current trackng The tery current trackng algorthm (ee Fg. 4 egne to etermne the current an ower reference neceary to charge the tery. The etmaton of the current an ower reference bae on the tery moel, whch wa rooe revouly. Three remark can be mae: Durng the tery chargng, f the tery current mantane at a contant hgh level, the tery voltage ncreae fat untl t reache gang voltage (V g =.35V. When the tery voltage excee th value, exermental reult how that an exceve ga reure n the tery may aear. The ga can ecae through the afety valve, whch reuce the tery lfetme an an exloon can occur. Durng the tery chargng, the nternal retor tll een on tery SO. It value ncreae at a hgh rate when tery SO hgh. In th cae, wth a contant tery current, the tery loe are more mortant. oneuently, the tery effcency lower. If the tery emty an wth contant tery current b max = 5, SO tery can only reach 68%. Wth contant tery current b mn =, SO tery can reach 95% but the chargng tme become longer than before.

6 937TIE 6 In orer to enure a hgh SO tery, a horter tme chargng, an overcharge ecurty an a hgh effcency, t mortant to reuce tery loe an to kee the tery voltage below the voltage gang value. Th can be exree by the followng conton: t R t R ( an u < nvg If thee euaton are umme, a ngle exreon can be euce: nvg u R t < ( R t Snce the nternal tery retor ha low varaton (E.(5, th exreon may be mlfe: nvg u t < ( ( R t Accorng to eu. (4 when tery voltage u reache gazng voltage V g, the nternal tery retor can be etmate from the followng euaton: Vg.6 R = (3 t Start ( Intal conton : b mn =, b max =, V g =.35V, 5 Vg.6 _ref =, bmax R =, n = t ( IV. SIMULATION RESULTS To verfy the control cheme rooe, mulaton of the control trategy of the leaac tery charger are frt erforme by ung MatlabSmulnk oftware. The ntal tery voltage 5V. For fferent ntal tery current bmax (A an A, Fg. 8 an Fg. 9 how the calculate tery current reference by ung the rooe metho. The tery voltage obtane oe not excee the gang voltage an the overcharge lmt. For both tet, the tery voltage reache the voltage value correonng to the hghet SO tery level. The metho rooe make t oble to charge the tery n two tage: A "Bulk" hae followe by an "Aborton" hae. Durng the "Bulk" hae, the tery voltage ncreae a the SO ncreae. In th cae, the calculate reference current een on ntal tery current bmax. Durng the "Aborton" hae, the calculate tery current mut be lmte o that the chargng voltage mantane at a relatvely hgh level to fnh the chargng of the tery wthn utable tme. Battery voltage / V Tme / No bmn ( t k Ye ( t = ( t k No Data acuton; u ( t k k u ( tk nvg nr( t ( tk > Ye bmax k Battery current / A Tme / Fg. 8. Batterychargng roce wth ntal tery current bmax =A. ( tk b mn = En.67 b ( tk =.9 ( n. 6 tk.67 I ( tk Vcb ( tk = Vcb ( tk t b( tk 6.48 R( tk =.6. ( tk Vcb ( tk.6 ( tk bmax = Fg. 7. Flowchart of the tery current trackng algorthm. So the trategy ue cont n loang the tery wth a maxmum current at the tart an then to ecreae t accorng to the rooe tery current trackng algorthm (ee Fg. 7. V. EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATIONS A. Tet bench exermental reult A rototye ha been bult wth x commercal halfbrge IGBT moule of two IGBT wth oe n arallel. All moule are n arallel on a common 48V bu (ee Fg.. Although a Boot uffcent to nterface the two lcon ntre multcrytallne lcon PV moule ue (BP36, 4V6W, an IGBT moule ue to facltate the mechancal egn an mantenance.

7 937TIE 7 Battery voltage / V Battery current / A um_uc Tme / Tme / Fg. 9. Batterychargng roce wth ntal tery current bmax =A. um_ um_ Ultracaactor T T Battery T T PV T 3 T 3 T 4 T 4 T 5 T 5 Inverter T uc T T Fg.. Power electronc toology wth embee / an the nverter. Power Electronc T nv T 6 T 6 ontrol Panel, through the mathematcal envronment of Matlab Smulnk, wth a 5kHz moulaton freuency (for the SU n Fg., a khz amlng freuency (for the AU n Fg. an wth.5 for the tme reone of the PU. The ontroldek oftware enable change n the arameter of the control ytem. Other ytem arameter are lte n Table III. For the reente exermental reult, the ntal tery voltage 5.46V. A there are cell the ntal cell voltage then eual to.v. The ntal SO tery wa calculate by ung ( an ( an t eual to 76.9%. In orer to verfy the rooe control cheme, the maxmum reference current et to bmax =4,9A. Durng the Bulk hae, the tery current reman contant an the tery voltage ncreae untl t reache the gang voltage (ee Fg.. Durng the Aborton hae, when the tery voltage eual to the gang voltage, the tery current rogrevely reuce to A. At the en of th hae, the tery left n oencrcut conton an the tery voltage, whch meaure after h, eual to 5.799V correonng to.499v for one tery cell. Therefore, the SO tery 93.7%. It wa calculate by ung ( an (. A comaron between mulaton an exermental reult rove the ucce of the metho rooe (ee Fg. 3. B. Alcaton for loa followng ervce Power balancng between generator an loa the mot crtcal tak n olate network nce avalable generator egne for gr regulaton (rm voltage an freuency for examle are lmte [3]. TABLE III PARAMETERS L 3 mh R mω 9.4µF 4.7 mf L, L 3, L 4 mh R, R 3, R 4 5mΩ SPAE Interfacng ar Grconnecton Temerature Senor Battery Bank tery voltage / V ,799 5,46 5 8:6 :4 3:4 5:8 Tme / h 7:5 :6 Fg.. Imlementaton of the exermental tet bench. Other mlementaton may be alo conere a an examle wth a SE [3]. One Bootca uercaactor moule (6F48V, BMOD648EA ue. The meaurement of the tery current an the tery voltage u are ene wth zeroflux halleffect enor. The rooe tery current trackng algorthm wthn the entre control ytem ha been mlemente on a real tme car DSace DS3 (ee Fg. Battery current / A :6 :4 3:4 5:8 7:5 :6 Tme / h Fg.. Batterychargng roce wth ntal tery current bmax =4.9A.

8 937TIE 8 Battery voltage / V Battery current / A Moel voltage Battery voltage (a tery current Moel current Battery current Tme / hour Tme / hour (b tery current (zoome vew Fg. 3. omaron between mulaton an exermental reult. The loa followng ervce mlemente n a entral Mcrogr Management Sytem (MMS by the gr ytem oerator [3]. He ajut the ower outut of the generator atche (eel grou, ga turbne accorng to aly electrcty eman fluctuaton. Embee tere n the hybr actve PV bae DG tue gve an energy margn for the mlementaton of th ervce. So, th PV generator can now be nterface wth the MMS an be ue for Loa followng ervce a other atche generator. The DG conere now lanne an atche centrally n orer to combne the reone of clacal generator an DG wth oneman loa curtalment [33], [34]. Th new trbuton ytem known a Mcrogr an very fferent from the extng trbuton ytem. In th context, mcrogr management an oeraton tratege gve the hgher rorty to the ue of renewable an utanable DG. So, the PV bae generator ule the gr wth recrbe ower reference g_ref. A the eman gnfcantly vare n the ay (an alo n the tme of ay urng the week an year the MMS en ower et ont for the real an reactve ower to the DG (ee Fg. 4. PV ower Energy torage Gr ower reference Energy uly 7h h 6h h Fg. 4. Gr ower reference for loa followng. Tet of the gr followng oeraton A hown n Fg. 5, all the ower rouce from PV anel (gnal generate to the gr before 9h. Between 9h an h45, the mcro gr oerator en a gnal for an atonal kw ower for loa followng (gnal, the reactve ower reference null n the reult reente. The ower reurement ute well atfe wth an accetable hort tme elay. The energy manly come from the tere (ee Fg. 6, blue gnal nce the PV roucton contnuouly ecreae (ee Fg. 6, gnal n ahe lne. At teay tate, the extracte ower more than 3kW, robably becaue of the flter loe comenaton. Suercaactor are reuete for ower uly n tranent tate at 9h an h45 (ee Fg. 6, re gnal 3 n otte lne. A a reult, the ower of th hybr actve PV bae generator generate follow the varaton of the reference ower, whch ent by the MMS. Th ower reference come from a loa followng alcaton, whch alo ue the other generator atche. P(kW P(kW 3 7: 3 8: 9: : : : 3: 4: Fg. 5. Gr ower g (gnal an reuete ower from the mcrogr oerator gref (gnal. Hour 7: 8: 9: : : : 3: 4: Hour Fg. 6. Power from the ource, PV ower PV (gnal, tery ower (gnal, uercaactor ower uc (gnal 3. VI. ONLUSION lacal renewable energy ourcebae ytem are ave generator, a they rouce maxmal (nonatche ower even though th ower not ueful for the gr. In th aer, a PVbae hybr actve generator nclung leaac tere an uercaactor n a coule tructure ha been reente n orer to elver a recrbe ower reference to the gr. The control ytem an the ower management of the entre generator have been etale. A ecal attenton ha been a on the otmal tery charge. A ecfc algorthm for charge oeratng moe of leaac tere ha been rooe. The control egn of chargng the lea ac tere ha been eveloe an exermentally rove. Ung the metho rooe, the tere can charge untl a hgh SO tery level an wth overcharge ecurty. Fnally, the erformance of th actve generator for a loa followng alcaton how that exceve or nuffcent ower from PV anel are well balance by the two embee torage unt.

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He currently workng on avance renewable energy bae generator an energy management ytem for future mart gr. D Lu wa born n Jangu, hna, n 983. He receve the M.S. egree n electrcal engneerng from the Unverty of Llle, France, n 7. He currently workng towar the Ph.D. egree n electrcal engneerng n Laboratory of Electrcal Engneerng an Power electronc (LEP, Llle, Ecole entrale e Llle, France. H man reearch nclue energy management an energy torage n trbute ower generaton ytem bae on renewable energy ource. Hcham FAKHAM receve the Ph.D. egree from the Unverty of Veralle, France n 6. He jone the Laboratory of Electrcal Engneerng an Power electronc of Llle (LEP n 6. urrently, h man reearch nteret nclue ntellgent ytem alcaton n ower engneerng, an multagent ytem.