DESIGN OF VACUUM SECTION OF A LEAF COLLECTOR MACHINE

Transcription

1 International Journal of Innovations in Bio-Sciences ISSN Vol. (4), 0, pp DESIGN OF VACUUM SECTION OF A LEAF COLLECTOR MACHINE Alireza Shirneshan Department of Mechanical Engineering, Najafaa Branch, Islamic Aza University, Isfahan, Iran Astract Accoring to the massive loss of tree leaves in parks an garens in ig cities such as Isfahan an non internal prouction of leaf vacuum shreer, esign an prouction of this machine is neee. In this paper esign of vacuum section of the machine that is one of the main sections in the machine, is explaine Accoring to working conition an principal relations of flui mechanic an vacuum fans an oing the experiment to eterminate air flow for vacuum leaves. The vacuum section of the machine is inclue input opening, channels an centrifugal fan. Keywors: Leaf, Air flow, Chanel, Vacuum, fan INTRODUCTION Toay, one of the options for recycling of various types of material is using of natural eries. Because in autumn, leaves of some trees are she on surface of parks an garen, it can e use some methos for recycling these natural eries that one of the methos is using leaves as mulch [, 3, 7]. Also prouction of Compost fertilizer is another metho for using natural eries an main strategy in evelope countries [, 3, 3, 6]. In Iran, especially in south an central areas, ecause of Lack of organic matter in soil, prouction of compost fertilizer is too much necessary. Researchers, In many evelope country, ecause of management of recycling natural eries for ecreasing pollution purpose an also using the strategy for ecreasing the costs of Compost fertilizer prouction, for example collection the leaves from park an garen surfaces, attempt to esign an prouction of the machines for collection an compaction of leaves an natural eries. In Iran, Accoring to the massive loss of tree leaves on park an garen surfaces an ecause of requirement of park organization for machines that collect the leaves an natural eries an non internal prouction of these machines, Accorance with the conitions of each area, esign of some leaf vacuum collectors an shreers, is necessary [8, 9, 5]. Leaf vacuum collectors that are in horticultural category machines are three types: Han hel leaf collector, Walk ehin leaf collector an Tractor mounte leaf collector [, 4, 0]. Figure. shows all types of the machine. Fig. : All types of the Leaf vacuum collectors, a) Han hel type ) Walk ehin type c) Tractor mounte In this research, accoring to plant an tree kin esign of vacuum section of the machine was in Isfahan garens an most of autumn trees that ase on properties of these leaves. are Platanus orientalis, Ulmus carpinifolia, Fraxinus excelsior, Salix ala an Morus ala,

2 International Journal of Innovations in Bio-Sciences Vol. (4), 0 pp MATERIAL AND METHODS In this research, ecause the main plan of machine was upate to the local area that is Isfahan, these parameters were consiere: overall imensions of the machine, vacuum mechanism of leaves an parts of vacuum section. Accoring to usage conitions of machine an consiering the imensions of foreign sample, overall imensions of the machine were etermine: 500 mm length, 000 mm height an 750 mm with [4, 5, 6]. As respects expectation of the machine operation, collection leaves from surface to a ag was selecte vacuum mechanism. Also, accoring to the tasks of machine, input opening, channels an centrifugal fan were selecte as components of vacuum section. Figure shows schematic of leaf collection an vacuum mechanism an transferring leaves from surface to the ag of a Walk ehin leaf collector. Fig. : Schematic of leaf collection an vacuum mechanism of the machine Determination of imensions of input opening, vacuum channels Accoring to esign of the machine, input opening, channels was consiere as a completely continuous part, also as respects to esign the centrifugal fan, plan of channels was consiere as three en parts, one part (45º) in input opening an two parts (90º) in outlet. Also input opening an vacuum channels were esigne with rectangular section an input opening to the fan an outlet to the ag were esigne with circular section. Figure 3 shows the plan. Fig. 3: The plan of channels 8

3 International Journal of Innovations in Bio-Sciences Vol. (4), 0 pp Selection an esign of vacuum fan Vacuum fan is the main part of the collector, so accoring to the foreign plan for vacuum leaves an all types of fan impellers an their applications; a centrifugal fan with raial impeller was selecte for the machine [7, 8]. To otain the imensions of hea of the fan was neee, so ecause of low velocity an noncompressile vacuum air, Bernoulli's equation was use etween input opening an outlet points. p p v v F = z z + + h m H + γ g () H F : fan hea (m) z an z : heas of input opening an outlet points (m) p an p : pressure of input opening an outlet points (Pa) v an v : flui flow spee of input opening an outlet points (ms - ) γ: ensity of the flui (Nm -3 ) g: acceleration ue to gravity (ms - ) h m : hea of friction in junctions (m) For etermination of h m, Reynols numer shoul e otaine an also flow of vacuum air. So in this research an experimental test was applie to otain flow of vacuum air. In the test a vacuum cleaner with four ajustale gates, a pipe (with iameter equal to iameter of collector channels) connecte to vacuum cleaner an igital air flow meter was use. Because wet leave on park surface have more weight that ry leaves, the testing was conucte y leaves with 35% to 45% moisture content of ry weight for five species of leaves. In the testing, the gate of air flow so was change until the leaves were sucke to up an finally vacuum air flow otaine y igital air flow meter. Every test was repeate three times. After etermination of air flow that is neee for vacuum leaves, imensions an Numer of laes were otaine y equations () to (6) [7, 8] H f g 60 = η π n () = (3) = 0. 4 (4) = 0.6 (5) 8.5 Z = (6) : outsie iameter of impeller (m) H F : fan hea (m) g: acceleration ue to gravity (ms - ) η: fan efficiency n: numer of impeller rotation an : with of impeller lae (m) : inlet iameter of fan lae (m) : outlet iameter of fan lae (m) z: numer of fan lae 83

4 International Journal of Innovations in Bio-Sciences Vol. (4), 0 pp RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Accoring to the relations etween in flui mechanics, the imensions of sections was consiere as 5 an 50 cm for length an with cross section for of rectangular sections an 3 Fig. 4: Dimensions of the raial fan cm for the iameter of circle of circular sections []. Also length of channels for vacuum air was otaine accoring to the stanar []. Figure 5 shows the imensions completely. Fig. 5: Dimensions of channels Also, Tale shows the flow of air suction that estimate in each experiment, the maximum flow of air suction (035 cuic feet per minute) for Morus ala leaves, consiere in esign. Accoring to the tests an calculation an consiering a safety factor with amount two for centrifugal fan with raial impeller, the fan height was calculate as 4. m [7, 4]. Also accoring to the fan height an the relations for centrifugal fan an consiering rpm as 3000 for fan impeller an efficiency as 40% for the fan, imensions an quantity of fan impeller was Specifie = = 0.048m 0. 5Cm 0.4 π 3000 = =. 3 Cm = = 8. Cm = = 4.9 5Cm 8.5 Z = =

5 International Journal of Innovations in Bio-Sciences Vol. (4), 0 pp Species Tale : The Air flow for suction leaves in three times repetition Air flow(ft 3 /min) test Air flow(ft 3 /min) test Air flow(ft 3 /min) test No. No. No.3 Morus ala Platanus orientalis Ulmus carpinifolia Salix ala Fraxinus excelsior Also accoring to quality, strength, ease of access an use of conventional St37 an St44 steels in the omestic inustry, these steels were selecte for channels an other vacuum component. CONCLUSION Given the simplicity of the components consiere in the esign of the vacuum mechanism evice for collection the leaves use in this stuy an convenient access to materials neee for construction an manufacturing in Iran, if the evice is mae, many prolems REFERENCES [] Anonymous, 006. A green guie to yar care, Small Business an Environmental Assistance Division, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Austin, an PP. -5. [] Anonymous, 008. Lawn an tractor collection system catalogue, John Deere Company, USA, [3] Anonymous, 00. Leaf an yar Waste composting Guiance Document, Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Waste Prevention, PP. -9. [4] Anonymous, 008. Self-propelle chipper shreer vacuum catalogue, USA, Troy-Bilt Company, [5] Anonymous, 007. Self-propelle vacuum chipper shreer owner's manual, USA, Billy Goat Company, [6] Anonymous, 005. Shreer-lower-vac catalogue, USA, Patriot Company, [7] Bleier, F.P., 998. Fan hanook, New York, McGraw-Hill Pulishing Company, 998. [8] Bol, A. J., S. E. Koesch an W. F. Sheehan Comination chipper/shreer an vacuum apparatus for lawns an garens, US Patent Office, Patent No. 5, 38, 970. [9] For, S. N., 994. Comination chipper an shreer apparatus an lawn vacuum machine. US Patent Office, Patent No.5, 340,035. [0] Hammett, J. D. an R. W. Trevino Portale lawn an garen mulching vacuum. US Patent Office, Patent No.5, 794,864. [] Irving. H. Shames, 96. Mechanics of Fluis. McGraw-Hill. [] Leholm, A., 998. Mulching tree leaves into lawns, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, MI 4884, PP. -. [3] McLaurin, W. J. an G. L.Wae Composting an mulching, College of Agricultural an Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Circular 86, PP. -8. [4] Mills, D Pneumatic conveying esign guie, Lonon, Butterworths Pulishing Company. [5] Ruhl, W. F., A.W. Nelson an J.J. Lucy System for hanling eris. US Patent Office, Patent No.3, 968,938. [6] Somerlot, K Composting autumn leaves, Cornell Cooperative Extension of Ononaga County. [7] Williams, D. J Leaf isposal, Cooperative Extension Service, Department of Natural Resources an Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural, University of Illinois at Urana- Champaign, NRES-8, PP. -3. [8] Yaha, S. M Turines compressors an fans, Secon Eition, New Delhi, McGraw-Hill Pulishing. 85