Introduction to Filtration

Transcription

1 Introduction to Filtration DEFINITION OF FILTRATION The process by which solid particles are separated from a fluid by passing the fluid through a permeable material that will not let the solid particles through. THE NEED FOR FILTRATION IN HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS The higher pressures and faster cycle times, and the more consistent performance requirements in hydraulic circuits, have resulted in many high precision components being used in pumps, motors, control valves and actuators. Contamination can increase wear on these components, or cause them to jam or malfunction. To keep circuits operating for long periods and avoid costly down time, it is important to ensure that contamination is removed from the hydraulic fluid as efficiently as possible. The cleaner the fluid, the longer life system components will have, and the greater will be the period between breakdowns. HOW FILTERS WORK Oil containing contaminants enters via the inlet port, and flows around the outside of the filter element. As the oil passes through the filter element from the outside to the inside, particles of contaminant are trapped in the filter media. The cleaned oil flows through to the centre tube of the filter element and into the outlet port of the filter. Spin On Canisters and Cartridge type filter elements both work in the same manner. SPIN ON FILTER CARTRIDGE TYPE FILTER The following electron microscope photographs show the trapping of contaminants in the layers of the filter media. Clean micron filter Filter magnified 0 times Dirty micron filter Filter magnified 0 times Page 300

2 Introduction to Filtration WHAT IS A MICRON? A micron (µm) is one millionth of a metre, or inches. As a comparison, a grain of table salt is about 0 microns, human hair is 70 microns, 40 microns is the smallest object able to be seen by unaided vision, talcum powder is microns, red blood cells are 8 microns and bacteria are 1 to 2 microns. 1 micron = 1 millionth of a metre 1 micron = 1 thousandth of a millimetre 1 micron = 39 millionths of an inch.4 microns = 1 thousandth of an inch (.001 ) Magnified 0 times PRESSURE DROP The understanding of how pressure drop increases as the filter element traps more contaminant influences two important aspects of filter selection. The first is the selection of BYPASS VALVES and the second is the selection of the SIZE OF FILTER. When the filter element is clean, there is a small pressure drop as the oil finds its way through the numerous microscopic passages in the filter element. As the filter element traps more and more contaminant, more and more of the microscopic passages become blocked, increasing the flow rate through the remaining passages, thereby increasing the pressure drop across the filter element. Eventually, if the filter element is not changed, all the passages will become blocked (also known as plugged or clogged ); and very little oil will be able to flow through the filter element. The system may stop working due to oil starvation or the filter may collapse or rupture. BYPASS VALVES In addition to the pressure drop due to contamination loading, other factors can increase the pressure drop across the filter element. These include increased viscosity of oil due to contamination, degradation or cold temperatures; and increased flow rates from system components, for example large cylinders retracting quickly can easily double the normal flow rate of a system. To keep the system operating and guard against element collapse or rupture due to any of these factors, many filters incorporate a BYPASS VALVE. The Bypass Valve opens when the pressure drop increases past a predetermined value, to allow flow of unfiltered oil to bypass the filter element. Normally a Bypass Valve is a spring-loaded poppet set to crack open when the pressure drop reaches the predetermined value. It can be located in the filter head or in the filter element. SPIN ON FILTER-BYPASS VALVE OPEN 2 µm µm µm 40 µm 70 µm 0 µm CARTRIDGE TYPE FILTER-BYPASS VALVE OPEN Filters Accessories Adaptors Couplings Hose Intro Many Return Line Filters have Bypass Valves with 0,7 or 1,0 Bar ( or 14.5 PSI) cracking pressure, and many Suction Line Filters to have Bypass Valves with 0,2 Bar (2.9 PSI) cracking pressure. Suction Line Filters require a lower Bypass Valve cracking pressure than Return Line Filters, to guard against the pump cavitation that may occur with a higher pressure drop. The flow rate for a filter used in a Suction Line application is lower than a similar filter in a Return Line application. Technical Page 301

3 Selection of the Filter Size It is important to select an adequately sized filter; one that will not cause too great a pressure drop with the expected flow rate in a system; and one that will not become blocked quickly and require filter element changing often. For each filter in this Product Technical Manual, a Pressure Drop versus Flow Rate graph is published on pages 304 and 305. It can be seen that pressure drop increases with flow rate. Nominal Flow Rates are published as a guide to the selection of a filter, based on these graphs, calculated as follows: RETURN LINE FILTERS WITH BYPASS VALVE CRACKING PRESSURE OF 1,0 BAR (14.5 PSI): (includes the following Series: RIF-R06, RIF-R, RIF-RV12, RIF-RP12, RIF-RC12, RIF-FA9, RIF-FA, RHF-R, RTI-R, RFI-R, RCF-R). The Nominal Flow Rates specified will cause a pressure drop across a clean filter element of 0,5 Bar (7.3 PSI) with 30 centistokes viscosity oil. The filter element life will depend on the amount of contaminant trapped. Nominal flow rate conditions give rise to a Bypass Valve Cracking Pressure to Clean Element Pressure Drop ratio of approximately 2:1. 1,0 Bar (14.5 PSI) pressure drop is effectively the end of the life of the filter element because at that point the Bypass Valve cracks opens and the filter stops filtering. Filter elements must be changed prior to the pressure drop reaching Bypass Valve cracking pressure. RETURN LINE FILTERS WITH BYPASS VALVE CRACKING PRESSURE OF 0,6 TO 0,7 BAR (8.7 TO PSI): (includes RIF14-1, RIF-FA35). The Nominal Flow Rate specified will cause a pressure drop across a clean filter element of 0,3 Bar (4.4 PSI) with 30 centistokes viscosity oil. The filter element life will depend on the amount of contaminant trapped. Nominal flow rate conditions give rise to a Bypass Valve Cracking Pressure to Clean Element Pressure Drop ratio of approximately 2:1. Filter elements must be changed prior to the pressure drop reaching Bypass Valve cracking pressure. SUCTION LINE FILTERS WITH BYPASS VALVE CRACKING PRESSURE OF 0,2 BAR (2.9 PSI): (includes the following Series: RIF-S06, RIF-S, RIF-SV12, RIF-SP12, RIF-SC12, RHF-S, RCF-S). The Nominal Flow Rate specified will cause a pressure drop across a clean filter element of 0,03 Bar (0.5 PSI) with 30 centistokes viscosity oil. The filter element must be changed before the pressure drop increases to the Bypass Valve cracking pressure of 0,2 Bar (2.9 PSI) and the filter stops filtering. FILTERS WITHOUT BYPASS VALVE: RIF15, RIF-FA8 and RIF-FA39 filters are designed for petrol, kerosene, and diesel fuel filtration. They do not have a Bypass Valve fitted, and flow will stop when the filter element becomes clogged. Filter elements must be changed prior to becoming clogged. FILTERS WITH BLOCKED BYPASS VALVE: (includes the following Series: RIF-B06, RIF-B, RIF-BV12, RIF-BP12, RIF-BC12, RHF-B). Filters with Blocked Bypass are available for hydraulic oil filtration special applications. Actual flow rates for Blocked Bypass are dependent on system design. Filter elements must be changed prior to becoming clogged. WARNINGS: 1. The above information is only an aid for filter selection. Other factors may affect the performance of a filter. The system designer must consider all criteria when designing a system and ensure that these criteria are satisfied. 2. Nominal Flow Rate information for each filter Series in the Specification tables, and in the Pressure Drop Flow Graphs on pages 304 and 305, relate to oil of 30 centistokes viscosity. The actual flow rate will vary if the oil is of different viscosity. See pages 308 and 309 for information on Effect of Temperature and Viscosity on Flow Rate. 3. See pages 306 and 307 for more information on Warnings and for Filter Selection Guidelines. Page 302

4 Nominal Filtration, Absolute Filtration and Beta Ratings IMPROVED FILTRATION AT NO EXTRA COST RYCO leads the way by providing ABSOLUTE, BETA RATED Spin On Canisters RIF-E06, RIF-E06, RIF-E and RIF-E (as shown on pages 278 to 283). These Spin On Canisters also comply with the following ISO Hydraulic Fluid Power Filtration Standards: ISO 2941 Filter elements-verification of collapse / burst resistance ISO 2942 Filter elements-verification of fabrication integrity and determination of the first bubble point ISO 2943 Filter elements-verification of material compatibility with fluids ISO 4572 Filters-Multi pass method for evaluating filtration performance The table at the bottom of the page shows ISO 4572 Multi pass Test Results for these RYCO Spin On Canisters. NOMINAL FILTRATION Many filters have a nominal filtration rating to indicate the size of particles the filter element will trap. For example, a filter with a nominal rating of micron will trap approximately 50% of particles micron size (and larger). BETA RATINGS (β) With the development of improved filtration materials, the performance of filters has increased. Accordingly, new tests of filtering ability have been developed. One of these tests is the ISO 4572 Multipass test to determine the BETA ratio (β) of a filter. This test method counts the number of standard test particles per unit volume upstream of the filter, and compares it to the number of particles downstream after it has passed through the filter. For example, if there are 50,000 particles of size micron and larger upstream and,000 particles downstream after passing through the filter, the BETA ratio would be 2. 50,000,000 = 2 This is written as BETA ratio β=2. Since the filter has removed 50% of the 50,000 particles, it has an efficiency of 50%. Therefore a filter with a BETA ratio of 2 for a certain micron size is similar to a filter with a Nominal rating for that micron size. ABSOLUTE FILTRATION A filter with a BETA ratio of 75 for a particles of size x microns (βx=75) is 98.7% efficient at removing particles of x micron and larger size. This efficiency level is often considered as removing ABSOLUTELY ALL the particles. It is generally considered that a filter with a BETA ratio of 75 or higher has an ABSOLUTE rating for that micron size. For example, if a filter has β15=75 (BETA ratio for 15 micron equal to 75), it will remove 98.7% of particles 15 micron or larger, and is termed to have an ABSOLUTE rating of 15 micron. PART NO MICRON RATING ABSOLUTE MICRON RATING NOMINAL This table shows some BETA ratios and the equivalent efficiency. BETA RATIO EFFICIENCY % % 2 50% 5 80% 90% 20 95% % 0 99% % % MULTIPASS TEST RESULTS TO ISO 4572 β3 β6 β β15 β20 β BETA RATING BETA RATING BETA RATIO BETA RATIO BETA RATING BETA RATIO EFFICIENCY% EFFICIENCY% EFFICIENCY% EFFICIENCY% EFFICIENCY% EFFICIENCY% Filters Accessories Adaptors Couplings Hose Intro RIF-E06 3 RIF-E06 20 RIF-E 3 RIF-E >8000 > % 80.00% 98.70% 99.99% 99.99% 99.99% 2 75 > % 90.00% 98.70% 99.98% >6000 > % 80.00% 98.70% 99.98% 99.99% 99.99% 2 3 >150 > % 66.67% 93.38% 99.96% Technical Page 303

5 Pressure Drop Flow Graphs for Filters The Pressure Drop Flow Graphs for each Filter Series on these two pages relate to oil of 30 centistokes kinematic viscosity and Relative Density less than 0,9 (except where otherwise noted for RIF-FA and RIF15). The actual pressure drop will vary if the oil is of different viscosity or different relative density. See pages 306 and 307 for information on Warnings and Filter Selection Guidelines, pages 308 and 309 for Effect of Temperature and Viscosity on Flow Rate ; and pages 301 and 302 for Bypass Valve options and Selection of Filter Size. and micron curves are labelled with the Return Line filter part number (usually R after dash in part number); the information also applies to Suction Line filters (S after dash) and Blocked Bypass Filters (B after dash) where available. 149 micron curves are labelled with the Suction Line filter part number. This information is supplied as an aid for filter selection. Other factors may affect the performance of a filter. The system designer must consider all criteria when designing a system and ensure that these criteria are satisfied. RIF- SERIES 1.1/4 INCH FILTERS RIF-12 SERIES 1.1/2 INCH FILTERS Replace X in Part No with V, P or C. RIF-06 SERIES 3/4 INCH FILTERS Page 304

6 Pressure Drop Flow Graphs for Filters RIF14-1, RIF-FA SERIES, RIF15 RHF SERIES HEAVY DUTY FILTERS RTI AND RFI SERIES TANK TOP FILTERS RCF SERIES COMBINATION FILTERS RIF14-1 curve is for 30 cst oil. Use RIF14-1 curve for RIF15 with petrol and diesel fuel. RIF-FA9, RIF-FA, RIF-FA35 curve is for 30 cst oil. RIF-FA8, RIF-FA39 curve is for petrol and diesel fuel. Replace XX in Part No with 06 (3/4 ) or 08 (1 ). Replace YY in Part No with (1.1/4 ) or 12 (1.1/2 ). Use RTI-R04 graph above for RCF-R04. Use RTI-R04 graph above for RCF-R04. Use Line 1 for -R06. Use Line 2 for -R08 & -R06. Use Line 3 for -S Use Line 4 for -R08. Use Line 5 for -S Use Line 6 for -R12. Use Line 7 for -R12. Filters Accessories Adaptors Couplings Hose Intro Technical Page 305

7 Warnings and Filter Selection Guidelines WARNINGS: 1. The information and specifications in this Product Technical Manual are only an aid for filter selection. Other factors may affect the performance of a filter. The system designer must consider all criteria when designing a system and ensure that these criteria are satisfied. 2. Nominal Flow Rate information for each filter Series in the Specification tables, and in the Pressure Drop Flow Graphs on pages 304 and 305, relate to oil of 30 centistokes viscosity and less than 0,9 Relative Density. The actual flow rate will vary if the oil is of different viscosity and / or Relative Density. See pages 308 and 309 for information on Effect of Temperature and Viscosity on Flow Rate. 3. For Return Line Filters fitted with Bypass Valves; Nominal Flow Rates shown in the Specification tables for each filter series are based on a factor of the Bypass Valve cracking pressure. The Nominal Flow Rates shown will cause a pressure drop across a clean filter element of a maximum of 50% of the Bypass Valve cracking pressure, with 30 centistokes viscosity oil. In some applications (for example those involving wide operating temperature ranges; and / or large fluctuations in the expected flow rate of the system; and / or heavy contamination levels), the system designer must choose a Flow Rate that will cause a lower clean element pressure drop (for example % or 35% of the Bypass Valve cracking pressure). Conversely, it is not recommended to exceed clean element pressure drop of 50% of the Bypass Valve cracking pressure. 4. Cellulose filtration media can be affected by water. It can cause the media to swell and become plugged, in particular Suction Line filters. If water from condensation of moist air within a reservoir or other sources is likely, the designer must consider this when selecting the filter. 149 Micron Stainless Steel mesh elements are available for some Series of Suction Line filters. 5. Some systems have wide variations in operating temperature and / or flow rates. Failure to allow for these when selecting filters may result in inadequate filtration or oil starvation. Under some conditions, if pressure within the filter becomes too great due to these wide variations or other conditions (including restriction due to clogging); it is possible that the system may stop working due to oil starvation; or the filter element may collapse or rupture, and release oil to the environment and / or allow contaminants to re-enter the oil; or the Bypass Valve may open prematurely. 6. Some systems are designed to allow for oil to Bypass the filter element via the Bypass Valve under cold start or flow rate surge conditions, etc. Under these conditions, the designer must ensure that flow conditions do not exceed the flow capacity of the open Bypass Valve. This will cause pressure to build up in the filter, which may cause collapse or rupture. 7. For all filters fitted with Bypass Valves; if the designer requires that the Bypass Valve does not open under cold start (increased oil viscosity) conditions, all appropriate criteria must be considered and satisfied. 8. In some filters fitted with Bypass Valves, oil may flow over the surface of the filter element when the Bypass Valve opens. Under these circumstances it is possible to wash trapped contaminants off the filter element back into the oil flow. 9. Filter elements must be changed prior to becoming blocked or plugged or clogged ; otherwise oil flow may be reduced below required limits, or oil may not be adequately filtered. Clogging Indicators should be fitted wherever possible; if not possible the filter element must be changed regularly at predetermined intervals to ensure correct filtration and operation of the circuit. See page 312 for more information, and Instructions for Changing Filter Elements.. Change filter elements whenever oil is changed. 11. Minimising oil surge conditions will increase the service life of filter elements. 12. Filters in this Product Technical Manual are uni-directional. Flow through a filter must be in the allowed direction only, from the specified inlet side to the specified outlet side. 13. Incorrect selection, fitment, design, application and / or maintenance of a filter can cause damage to equipment and / or personal injury or death. SOME OF THE MANY FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING FILTERS FOR MINERAL OIL BASED HYDRAULIC FLUIDS ARE: 1. Required cleanliness level. Manufacturers of the various hydraulic system components can advise the oil cleanliness level required to ensure that the component functions correctly. Appropriate micron rating filters should be chosen. Efficiency and capacity must be balanced. The system designer must select a filter that can remove a given percentage of contaminant particles over a particular size with sufficient contaminant holding capacity, so that it can protect the circuit over a reasonable service life. 2. Flow rate of the system. It is important to choose a filter that has a sufficient flow rate. Remember to allow for flow increases due to actuator movement. In some systems the rapid retraction of a cylinder can cause a flow rate from two to five times the normal pump flow rate. If this has not been allowed for, the sudden increase in the flow rate can cause the Bypass Valve to open and allow unfiltered oil through, or may result in filter collapse or rupture. 3. System Operating Pressure and Temperature. Filters must be able to operate at the design pressure and temperature of the circuit. 4. Viscosity of the oil. Pressure Drop charts in this catalogue assume viscosity of 30 centistokes. If the oil is of different viscosity, or if the viscosity of the oil is likely to change due to cold starts, the nominal flow rates should have a correction factor applied to avoid Bypass Valve opening. See pages 308 and 309. Page 306

8 Warnings and Filter Selection Guidelines 5. Mounting space allowed and maintenance requirements. The available space may dictate the choice of filter. Spin On Canisters are generally quicker and easier to service than other designs. 6. Required intervals between change of Filter Elements. The required intervals between maintenance may need to be considered. A small filter element will become more rapidly blocked with contaminants and require earlier changeout. If oil is expected to be heavily contaminated, specifying a larger filter extends filter element replacement intervals. 7. Likely presence of water condensation. Water condensation from moist air inside a reservoir can cause cellulose filter elements to swell and become plugged. 8. Critical Dependence and Operator Safety. If the system is of a critical nature, or there are safety issues to consider, it is often better to install extra filtration. 9. Component to be protected by the Filter. Placing a filter immediately upstream of the component helps to protect critical or sensitive components.. Bypass Valves. Bypass Valves or Blocked Bypass options need to be selected taking into consideration the overall circuit design. RULES OF THUMB: The following information is provided to aid in the selection of appropriate filtration and reservoir accessories. The system designer must consider all operating parameters and operating conditions when choosing filters and reservoir accessories, and be sure that the selected system provides for those parameters and conditions. Return Line Filters Return Line filters must be located as close to the Reservoir as possible. Maximum line velocity: 4.5 metres per second (15 feet per second). Maximum pressure drop: no more than 50% of the filter by pass valve setting at normal operating temperature with a clean filter element. Maximum pressure drop of 50% of the filter Bypass Valve setting is the normal recommendation. Using a factor lower than 50% of the filter Bypass Valve setting results in lower flow rates than those at 50%. However the life of the element is increased due to the increased amount of contaminant able to be held before the pressure drop causes the Bypass Valve to open. Suction Line Filters Maximum line velocity: 1.5 metres per second (5 feet per second). Maximum pressure drop: no more than 50% of the maximum allowable vacuum recommended by the pump manufacturer. Suction Line Filters should not be used if the pump manufacturer recommends against their use. Closed loop systems are recommended. If possible, use a sealed reservoir and a pressurised breather. WARNING: Do not use Suction Filters with cellulose filter elements where water contamination is possible. Suction Strainers Maximum line velocity: 1.5 metres per second (5 feet per second). Maximum pressure drop: 1 (mm) Hg / 0,03 Bar / 0.44 PSI Diffusers Using tank diffusers helps to prevent air becoming entrapped in hydraulic oil. Air sucked into a pump with the hydraulic fluid can cause cavitation at the pump. Damage to the pump and other components in a system may result. Diffusers and suction strainers perform best when mounted in the bottom third of the reservoir. They should also face in opposite directions, or can be separated from one another by baffle plates to allow the oil to settle, cool and de aerate. Clogging Indicators RYCO recommend the fitting of Clogging Indicators (see page 292) to filters wherever possible. Clogging Indicators provide visual indication of the restriction across the filter element. Filter elements must be changed before the filter Bypass Valve opens and allows unfiltered oil through the filter. If a Clogging Indicator is not fitted, filter elements must be changed on a regular basis so that they do not become plugged. Filters Accessories Adaptors Couplings Hose Intro Air Breathers Breather filtration should match the required hydraulic fluid filtration level. Breathers should be replaced regularly, to ensure that they do not become clogged. Pressurised filler breather caps can be used in conjunction with a fully sealed reservoir to increase oil supply to the pump inlet. Pressurised filler breather caps function best on reservoirs that have a fairly constant fluid level. Generally, the more pressure a pump has at the inlet, the quieter it will operate. Reservoirs Oil reservoirs must be fully sealed to prevent contaminants being sucked into the reservoir as the oil level changes. Air should only enter and leave the reservoir via filtered air breathers. Technical Page 307

9 Effect of Temperature & Viscosity on Flow Rate & Pressure Drop Viscosity is the resistance of a liquid to flow under an applied force. The viscosity of a fluid is low if it flows easily, and the viscosity is high if it flows with difficulty. Two units are commonly used: CENTISTOKES (cst) and SAYBOLT SECOND UNIVERSAL (SSU). Both are based on the time required for an amount of oil to flow through a specified orifice at one of two test temperatures. Test temperatures are usually 40 C (4 F) or 0 C (212 F) for centistokes, or 0 F (37 C) or 2 F (99 C) for SSU. Popular mineral oil based hydraulic fluids now usually use the ISO Viscosity Classification, which uses the kinematic viscosity in centistokes at 40 C (4 F) test temperature. For example, ISO 46 hydraulic oil has kinematic viscosity of 46 centistokes at 40 C (4 F). Commonly used hydraulic oils have kinematic viscosities from 15 to 150 centistokes at 40 C (4 F) (ISO Viscosity Classifications 15 to 150). The higher numerically that the viscosity value is; the thicker, or more viscous, the oil is. 0 centistoke oil is more viscous (greater resistance to flow) than 15 centistoke oil. It is important to specify the temperature of the test, because oil viscosity changes with temperature. The chart on page 309 shows how ISO grades of hydraulic oil typically change viscosity with temperature, assuming Viscosity Index of 0. (Viscosity Index is a measure of how viscosity changes with temperature). It can be seen that at differing temperatures, each grade can have kinematic viscosity of 30 centistokes. For example, ISO 68 oil (that is 68 centistokes at 40 C/4 F) has 30 centistokes viscosity at approximately 58 C (136 F). Centistokes and SSU are numerically related to each other, for example 30 centistokes at 40 C (4 F) is the same as 141,7 SSU at the same temperature 40 C (4 F), which in turn is approximately equal to 155 SSU at 37 C (99 F). Another common reference point is that 150 SSU at 37 C (99 F) is approximately equal to 28 centistokes at 40 C (4 F). In this Product Technical Manual, due to increasing acceptance of centistokes and the ISO Viscosity Classification, reference to SSU is not included. For each RYCO Filter Series, the Nominal Flow rates in the Specification tables, and the Pressure Drop Flow Charts on pages 304 and 305, assume a kinematic viscosity of 30 centistokes. They can be used for all ISO grades, using appropriate correction factors as discussed below. FLUID VISCOSITY AND FLOW CAPACITY AND PRESSURE DROP When selecting hydraulic fluid filters, knowledge of the viscosity of the fluid over the operating temperature range of the hydraulic system is the most critical variable. The pressure drop of the fluid as it flows through the filter is proportional to the viscosity of the fluid. At any nominated flow rate, a fluid of lower viscosity will have a lower pressure drop than a fluid of higher viscosity. For example, at the same Nominal Flow ratings, the pressure drop of ISO 30 fluid would be approximately half that of ISO 60. Similarly, for a specified pressure drop, a fluid of lower viscosity will have a higher Nominal Flow rate than a fluid of higher viscosity. ESTIMATING PRESSURE DROP AND FLOW CAPACITY The Pressure Drop Flow Charts, and the Nominal Flow figures in the Specification tables for each Filter Series in this Product Technical Manual, are based on oil of kinematic viscosity 30 centistokes. If the fluid to be filtered in your application has kinematic viscosity 30 centistokes at the system s normal operating temperature, the pressure drop values can be taken directly off the graphs, or the Nominal Flow figures from the tables can be used without correction factors. If the viscosity of the fluid is not kinematic viscosity 30 centistokes, the formulae below can be used to estimate the pressure drop or flow capacity. viscosity of fluid in centistokes at pressure drop value Estimated pressure drop = from graph system operating temperature X 30 (These formulae will give an approximate result, but due to the usual conditions of turbulent flow in the housing and laminar flow through the filtration media; the result is not precise. Refer to RYCO Technical Department if precise calculations are required. Also, if extremes of temperature are expected, for example extremely cold starts, these should be allowed for in the selection of the filter.) EXAMPLE ISO 68 oil is used in a system that normally operates at 65 C. What is the estimated flow capacity of an RIF-R filter (for maximum 0,5 Bar (7.3 PSI) pressure drop across clean element)? From page 309 graph, ISO 68 at 65 C (149 F) will be approximately 24 centistokes. Nominal flow rate for RIF-R from Specification table on page 279 or graph on page 304 is 135 litres per minute (for maximum 0,5 Bar (7.3 PSI) pressure drop across clean element). Estimated flow capacity for ISO 68 oil at 65 C (149 F) for RIF-R = 135 X 30 = 169 litres per minute. 24 Page 308 Estimated flow = ( ) nominal flow value ( ) from table or graph X 30 viscosity of fluid in centistokes at system operating temperature

10 Effect of Temperature & Viscosity on Flow Rate & Pressure Drop ISO 68 ISO 46 ISO 32 ISO 22 ISO 15 ISO 150 ISO 0 Technical Filters Accessories Adaptors Couplings Hose Intro Page 309

11 Cross Reference for RYCO RIF-E and RIF-EA Spin On Filters If gasket dimensions and gasket sealing surfaces are compatible, the ability to use various Spin On Filter canisters on a particular filter head depends on the post thread of the filter head, and the thread of the canister. This Cross Reference Information is presented as a general guide to the RYCO Spin On Filter that can replace another manufacturer's Spin On Filter when installed on that other manufacturer's filter head, for hydraulic filtration applications; based on: 1. Reasonable matching of filtration ratings 2. General dimensions 3. Threads of the canister and of the post of the filter head. 4. Gasket compatibility. The listings do not imply identical dimensions and identical performance. Prior to using products from different manufacturers, users must consider all criteria and satisfy themselves that the products will perform satisfactorily in their particular application. There are many variables to be considered; including, but not limited to, the following: Maximum Working Pressure and Vacuum ratings vary between manufacturers. Nominal Flow Rates and Clean Element Pressure Drops vary between manufacturers. Filtration ratings and efficiencies vary between manufacturers. Temperature ratings and fluid compatibilities vary between manufacturers. Replacing a NOMINAL Rated canister with an alternate NOMINAL Rated canister of the same micron size; and an ABSOLUTE Rated canister with an alternate ABSOLUTE Rated canister of the same micron size; will result in similar but not necessarily identical performance. Replacing a NOMINAL Rated canister with an ABSOLUTE Rated canister of the same micron size is not recommended, because it may result in a Nominal Flow Rate reduction, or increased Clean Element Pressure Drop. Replacing an ABSOLUTE Rated canister with a NOMINAL Rated canister of the same micron size is not recommended, because the level of filtration will not be as fine. Refer to pages 276 to 309 for Technical and other information about Pressure Drop, Warnings and Filter Selection Guidelines, and Effect of Temperature and Viscosity on Flow Rate and Pressure Drop on RYCO products. Due care has been taken in compiling the Cross Reference Information on page 311, but no liability of any kind whatsoever is accepted by RYCO Hydraulics Pty Ltd for any loss damage or loss sustained or incurred by the purchaser or any other party in consequence of or resulting by the use of this information. MATCHING OF FILTRATION RATINGS RYCO yellow Spin On Filter Canisters shown on pages 276 to 283 have both ABSOLUTE and NOMINAL filtration ratings. This means, for example, RYCO RIF-E is a cross reference for both micron ABSOLUTE and micron NOMINAL. See pages 300 to 303 for more information. Common filtration ratings are 3, and micron. A Rule of Thumb is: 3 Micron Nominal is approximately equal to Micron Absolute Micron Nominal is approximately equal to 20 to 27 Micron Absolute Micron Nominal is approximately equal to 32 to 36 Micron Absolute The tables below show the ABSOLUTE and NOMINAL filtration ratings for each RYCO canister. Threaded Canisters last 2 digits of RYCO Part Number are the ABSOLUTE rating 3/4 CANISTERS 1.1/4 CANISTERS 3/4 THREADED 1.1/4 THREADED PART NO RIF-E06 RIF-E06 RIF-E RIF-E MIC ABS 20 MIC ABS MIC ABS MIC ABS FILTRATION RATING 3 MIC NOM MIC NOM 3 MIC NOM MIC NOM Threaded Canisters last 2 digits of RYCO Part Number are the NOMINAL rating 3/4 CANISTERS 1.1/4 CANISTER 1 THREADED 1.1/2 THREADED PART NO RIF-EA08 RIF-EA08 RIF-EA12 RIF-EA12 MIC ABS 32 MIC ABS 27 MIC ABS 36 MIC ABS FILTRATION RATING MIC NOM MIC NOM MIC NOM MIC NOM Page 3

12 Cross Reference for RYCO RIF-E and RIF-EA Spin On Filters HOW TO USE THIS TABLE 1. Locate the competitor part number in the chart. 2. The columns to the right of the part number show the competitor filtration rating and canister thread; and RYCO gasket to use (see note below). 3. Read back across to the RYCO details in the left hand columns. These show the RYCO Cross Reference part number, and the RYCO canister's filtration rating and canister thread. NOTE: If no part number is listed in the Gasket column in the competitor columns, the gasket is supplied already mounted in the RYCO canister. For RYCO RIF-EA12 and RIF-EA12 canister cross references only These canisters are supplied with two gaskets, only one is to be used, see page 277 for more information. If there is a part number listed in the Gasket column, use only this gasket. If Check is listed in the Gasket column, the gasket to be used must be determined at time of installation. See page 277 for more information. RIF-E06 RIF-E RIF-EA08 RIF-EA08 RIF-EA08 RIF-EA12 RIF-EA12 RIF-EA12 RIF-E06 RIF-E06 RIF-E RIF-E RIF-EA08 RIF-EA08 RIF-EA12 RIF-EA12 RIF-E06 RIF-E RIF-EA08 RIF-EA08 RIF-EA12 RIF-EA12 RIF-E06 RIF-E06 RIF-E RIF-E RIF-EA08 RIF-EA08 RIF-EA12 RIF-EA12 RIF-EA12GW Abs Nom Thread Baldwin Rating Thread Gasket Fairey Arlon/Stauff Rating Thread Gasket BT366- BT351 BT839- BT839 BT287- BT287 nom nom nom nom nom nom SFC57E FA35- FA35-CC FA35- FA57- FA57-CC FA57- nom nom abs nom nom abs nom Abs Nom Thread Fleetguard Rating Thread Gasket Filpro Rating Thread Gasket HF6173 HF7983 HF6177 HF7980 HF6056 HF6057 SOE5- SOE- nom nom HF67 LF680 Check Check Abs Nom Thread Hydac Rating Thread Gasket LHA Rating Thread Gasket MG0P 0160MG0P 0080MA0P 0080MA0P 0160MA0P 0160MA0P nom nom nom nom nom nom Check Check SPE-16- SPE-52- SPE-15- SPE-15- SPE-50- SPE-50- nom nom nom nom nom nom Abs Nom Thread OMT Rating Thread Gasket Prince / Cross Rating Thread Gasket CS05AN CSAN nom nom FA FA FB FB nom nom nom nom RIF-EA12GW RIF-EA12GW Filters Accessories Adaptors Couplings Hose Intro RIF-E06 RIF-E06 RIF-E RIF-E RIF-EA08 RIF-EA08 RIF-EA12 RIF-EA12 Abs Nom Thread Parker UCC Rating Thread Gasket Zinga Rating Thread Gasket 20 3 abs abs MXR.8550 MX x4 MXR.9550 MX x4 abs abs AE- AE- SE- SE- nom nom nom nom Check Check Technical Page 311

13 Instructions for Changing Filter Elements The Spin On Canister or Filter Element must be changed before it becomes completely blocked or plugged with contaminants. If this occurs, the filter will go into bypass and the oil will not be filtered, or the filter may become damaged and release contaminant back into the system. If a Clogging Indicator is fitted, see page 292, the correct time to change the Filter Element is shown by the reading on the Indicator. If a Clogging Indicator is not fitted, the correct interval to change the Filter Element is not as easy to accurately determine. The normal recommendation is to change the initial filter element after the first 50 hours of operation from new, and then every subsequent 0 hours of operation; or as specified by the equipment manufacturer. More frequent replacement may be required depending on the severity of the operating conditions. Filter elements should also be changed whenever the oil is changed. IMPORTANT FITTING INSTRUCTIONS FOR RYCO RIF SERIES SPIN ON CANISTERS 1. Turn off the system and relieve pressure to the filter. 2. Clean the outside of the filter head and the spin on canister. 3. Unthread the old canister and remove it. Arrange a suitable catch pan for any oil that may be released. 4. Clean the gasket contact area on the filter head. 5. Remove the new canister from its protective packaging. Apply a film of oil to the face of the gasket of the new spin on canister, where it contacts the filter head. This is to ensure that friction or twisting during installation does not damage the gasket. IMPORTANT NOTE re RIF-EA12 and RIF-EA12 SPIN ON CANISTERS. Two gaskets are supplied. Only one is to be used. See page 277. The wide (stepped) gasket is used with RYCO and other filter heads with wide groove. The narrow gasket is used on filter heads with narrow groove. The gasket used must be a tight fit in the filter head groove. Use of incorrect gasket prevents seal. Refer to RYCO Hydraulics Technical Department if in doubt. After choosing the correct gasket, apply a film of oil to all surfaces of the gasket and install it in the filter head groove. 6. Line up the threads on the canister and the filter post carefully, and spin on the new canister until the gasket contacts the mounting pad on the filter head. (In some systems it may be desirable to place clean oil in the canister, before it is installed, to reduce air inclusion into the system.) 7. Tighten the canister an additional 1/2 to 3/4 turn by hand-do not over tighten. 8. Operate the system and check to ensure there are no leaks. Check oil level and top up if necessary. IMPORTANT FITTING INSTRUCTIONS FOR RYCO CARTRIDGE STYLE FILTER ELEMENTS USED IN RYCO SERIES RHF, RTI, RFI, AND RCF FILTERS 1. Turn off the system and relieve pressure to the filter. 2. Clean the outside of the filter housing around the Top Cover Plate (or around the Bowl to Head join of RHF Series). 3. For RHF- and RHF-20 Series, remove the Drain Plug at the bottom of the bowl. Arrange a suitable catch pan for the oil that will be released. Replace the Drain Plug. 4. For RTI, RFI, and RCF Series, remove the bolts holding the Top Cover Plate. For RHF Series, remove the bolts holding the bowl to the head. 5. Remove the old filter element. 149 Micron Stainless Steel mesh filter elements may be cleaned and reused, if there is no damage. 6. Carefully clean inside the filter housing to remove any dirt or sludge. Wipe away from the outlet port. Clean the magnet on the bottom of Top Cover Plates of RTI, RFI and RCF Series filters. 7. Inspect all O Rings, seals and bolts for damage. Replace if necessary. 8. Place the new or cleaned filter element into the filter housing, taking care to ensure it is centrally located, and the O Ring sealing the filter element to the housing is correctly seated. (In some systems it may be desirable to place clean oil in the filter, before it is reassembled, to reduce air inclusion into the system.) 9. Replace the Top Cover Plate or the Bowl while maintaining correct spring location and spring pressure on the filter element.. Replace the bolts and tighten in a diagonal order. Check that the two components seat uniformly. 11. Operate the system and check to ensure there are no leaks. Check oil level and top up if necessary. Page 312