25% 20% 15% 10% Source: KNBS Economic Survey (2009 and 2012)

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1 (Members of the NSE since 1954) 10 th Floor, Pension Towers, Loita Street P.O. Box Nairobi, Kenya Tel: Fax: Website: Kenya Cement industry Brief Overview 21 St December 2012 Research Department Dealing Department /128/ /115 CEMENT INDUSTRY OVERVIEW Kenya s building and construction sector is amongst the most rapidly growing, experiencing an average growth rate of 14.2% for the period Over the same period, Kenya s economic growth, as measured by the real Gross Domestic Product rate (GDP) averaged only 4.3% declining to 4.38% in 2011 from 6.33% in Difficult global macro conditions (effects of high oil prices and the August 2007 commencement of the financial crisis) and Kenya s 2008 post election violence in the midst of a high inflation environment (inflation averaged 9.) resulted in the country s subdued economic performance during the period. Figure 1: Growth in Construction Output vs. GDP Growth, % Figure 2: Cement Consumption (mt) and Growth in Consumption (%) Real GDP growth Construction Output Cement Consumption Growth in Consumption Source: World Economic Outlook (WEO) Database (October 2012), Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) Economic Survey (2009 and 2012) Source: KNBS Economic Survey (2009 and 2012) Cement Demand While the cement industry, cement consumption in particular is highly correlated to a country s economic performance, cement consumption experienced superior growth that was more than twice the rate of GDP growth during the period. Growing in tandem with the construction sector, cement consumption increased at an average rate of 14.1% for the period , with consumption reaching 3.43 million tonnes (mt) in 2011, up from 1.57mT in The key drivers of this growth in consumption included rising demand for housing (which triggered an upsurge in private sector funded housing developments), the commercial construction boom fuelled by increased foreign investment, and extensive government and donor-funded spending on the country s mega infrastructure projects. As a result, per capita consumption (PCC) of cement increased at an average rate of 10.7% for the period to 83.9 kilograms (Kg) in 2011 from 50.0Kg in 2006 despite relative stagnation in annual population growth. Figure 3: Population Growth vs. Cement PCC Growth, % Figure 4: Cement Consumption vs. Production, mt Population Per capita Cement Consumption ,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 Cement Consumption Cement Production Source: WEO Database (October 2012), KNBS Economic Survey (2009 and 2012) Source: KNBS Economic Survey (2009 and 2012)

2 Cement Production and Supply Cement production expanded at an average rate of 11.6% for the period to 4.09mT in 2011 from 2.41mT in This rise in production was driven by the entry of new cement producers and extensive capacity expansion by existing players in response to increasing competition. This rise in production led to the consistent oversupply of cement during this period. Given an estimated industry capacity utilisation rate of about 72% 1, this glut supply could be much higher were installed capacity fully utilised. As at end-2011, the local cement industry included six cement companies with mines concentrated in three sites across the country. Cement Company Mines Cement Brand Bamburi Cement Limited (BMBC) Mombasa Nguvu Athi River Mining Limited (ARML) Athi River Rhino East African Portland Cement Company Limited (EAPC) Athi River Blue Triangle National Cement Company Limited (NCC) Lukenya Simba Mombasa Cement Limited (MCL) Athi River Nyumba Savannah Cement Company (SCC) Athi River Savannah Figure 5: Cement Production (mt) and Growth in Production (%) Figure 6: Cement Imports vs. Exports, mt Cement Production Growth in Production - 0 Imports Exports Source: KNBS Economic Survey (2009 and 2012) Source: KNBS Economic Survey (2009 and 2012) Cement exports averaged 21.1% of total cement production over the period Key export markets included Uganda, Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and other East and Central African countries. Imported cement accounted for a marginal 2% of total cement consumed during the period indicating the country s overall reliance on locally produced cement. In 2011, cement import duty under the East African Community Common External Tariff was lowered by 1 to 2 despite stiff opposition from industry players. Should the suspension of the 1 import duty remain, the quantum of cheap cement imports particularly from lowcost producers such as Egypt, India, China and Pakistan could increase considerably, further widening the demand-supply mismatch. COMPANY OVERVIEWS Bamburi Cement Limited BMBC was started in 1951 with its first plant located in Mombasa beginning production in BMBC, which was listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) in September 1970, is the largest cement manufacturer in Kenya, enjoying local dominance both in terms of production and market share. Through Fincem Holding Limited and Kencem Holding Limited, Lafarge Group (the world largest cement manufacturer) owns 58.6% of BMBC with key local institutions such as the National Social Security Fund (NSSF), Old Mutual Life Assurance Company and Kenya Reinsurance Corporation also holding sizable shares in the company. BMBC is also a producer of cement and related products including precast concrete paving blocks and ready-mix concrete through its subsidiary Bamburi Special Products Limited. The company also has operations in Uganda through wholly-owned Hima Cement Limited, Uganda s second largest cement manufacturer. 1 According to the 2011 Annual Report for Bamburi Cement Limited, Kenya s total installed cement capacity is estimated at 5.65mT which against a consumption level of 4.09mT implies industry capacity utilisation of 72.36%. 2

3 Athi River Mining Limited ARML was established in 1974 and listed on the NSE in July ARML is currently the third leading cement manufacturer in Kenya (in terms of market share) and has subsidiaries in Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa and Rwanda. The company is 46% held by the family of the late founder, H. J. Paunrana. Amanat Investments Limited, the family s investments holding company, owns 28% while Pradeep H. Paunrana, the Managing Director owns 18%. ARML s top ten shareholders largely comprise institutions which have a combined shareholding of 64%. ARML also manufactures sodium silicate, lime, industrial minerals, fertilizer and special building products. In 2011, these non-cement products accounted for 32.4% of the company s total income. East Africa Portland Cement Company Limited EAPC is the oldest cement manufacturer in Kenya having been incorporated in EAPC started as a trading company, importing cement for early construction work in East Africa and in 1956 constructed its first factory in Athi River. EAPC s shareholding structure is largely institutionally, with the company s top ten shareholders owning a combined 96.1% stake in the company. NSSF and the Treasury are the company s top shareholders holding 27. and 25.3% respectively. EAPC also produces custom-made cement products for the construction industry. The company does not have subsidiaries. Other Companies 2 Company National Cement Company Limited Mombasa Cement Limited Savannah Cement Company Established in 2008 by the Devki Group of Companies, a local conglomerate with interests in heavy manufacturing Production site in Athi River Annual production capacity of 1.0mT Current annual production capacity of 0.35m T expected to increase to 2.0 mt following construction of a 1.65 mt plant in 2013 Estimates current market share at 2 largely due to price competitiveness Based in Athi River Majority owned by Chinese investors Wan-Ho (4) and Acme Wanji (2), with local shareholding by Savannah Heights (4) Began production in 2012 and has an annual capacity of 1.5mT Exclusively focused on export markets such as Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, the DRC, Somalia and South Sudan Source: Company websites, Press filings and Dyer and Blair websites COMPETITIVE POSITIONING Figure 7: Estimated 2011 Production Capacity (%) Figure 8: Estimated Market Share (%) SCC 22% BMBC 33% MCL 13% BMBC 4 MCL NCC NCC 7% ARML 16% ARML 1 EAPC 2 EAPC 24% Source: Company filings, Press reports and Dyer and Blair estimates Source: EAPC Annual Report 2012 and Dyer and Blair estimates 2 Information regarding the smaller cement companies was not widely available in the public domain. 3

4 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LISTED CEMENT COMPANIES Using the audited annual reports for ARML, BMBC and EAPC, we compare their financial performances for the period , with the aim of understanding their competitiveness and relative comparability. Figure 9: Net Revenue Growth (%) Figure 10: Net Income Growth (%) Additional cement capacity arising from new entrants and capacity increments by existing players resulted in excessive supply, eroding the gains in cement consumption growth by pushing down prices considerably. The 14.3% drop in the price of a 50Kg cement bag to KES 660 in June 2011 from KES 770 in December 2010 is an indication of these competitive pricing dynamics that resulted in the three companies experiencing erratic revenue growth. Figure 11: Gross Profit Margin (%) Figure 12: Net Income margin (%) 4 38% % 1 23% 1 3% - The effects of rising competition and high production costs (electricity and fuel) were compounded by a difficult macroeconomic environment, pushing up cost-to-income ratios significantly and dampening net income growth and the profitability margins. ARML and EAPC had considerable debt on their balance sheets although ARML s higher leverage could constrain future debt carry capacity. Figure 13: Cost to Income Ratio (%) 8 73% 6 58% 5 Figure 14: Debt / Equity Ratio (x) 1.80x 1.35x 0.90x 0.45x 0.00x 4

5 SHARE PRICE PERFORMANCE BMBC and ARML displayed relatively good performance from January 2011 to-date. While BMBC largely tracked the NSE20 Share index (NSE20), ARML, which is currently undertaking a five-for-one share split 3 consistently, outperformed the general market s performance since March EAPC s price movement has been relatively volatile, significantly exceeding market performance between January and October 2011 then dipping considerably thereafter. The announcement of a KES 821.5m loss in October last year pushed down EAPC s price with the onset of corporate governance battles and the ensuing litigation further accelerating the price decline between mid-2012 and today. Figure 15: Share Price Performance of Listed Kenyan Cement Companies Base = 4,495.41, the NSE20 share index value on 3 January ,500 6,500 5,500 4,500 3,500 2,500 1,500 Jan-11 Jan-11 Feb-11 Mar-11 Mar-11 Apr-11 May-11 May-11 Jun-11 Jul-11 Aug-11 Aug-11 Sep-11 Oct-11 Oct-11 Nov-11 Dec-11 Dec-11 Jan-12 Feb-12 Feb-12 Mar-12 Apr-12 Apr-12 May-12 Jun-12 Jul-12 Jul-12 Aug-12 Sep-12 Sep-12 Oct-12 Nov-12 Nov-12 Dec-12 Source: Bloomberg and NSE, Dyer & Blair estimates NSE 20 BMBC ARML EAPC SUMMARY VALUATION We relied on the trading multiples approach to compare the relative values of the three companies i.e. Price to Equity (P/E), Price to Book (P/B) and Enterprise Value to EBITDA 4 (EV/EBITDA) valuation techniques. This methodology provides a reasonable indication of the value that investors would place on a company, based on values of comparable peer companies. Our high level analysis indicates that relative to the average cement company multiples: ARML is overvalued on all three multiples BMBC is undervalued on a P/E and EV/EBITDA basis Table 1: Market Capitalisation & Trading Multiples of Cement Companies 5 Bloomberg Ticker Share price (KES) Market Cap (KES m) P/E:2011C P/B:2011C EV/EBITDA:2011C ARML , x 3.60x 15.93x BMBC , x 2.84x 7.85x EAPC ,510 n.m. 0.62x 12.73x Average 15.41x 2.35x 12.17x Source: NSE (share prices as at 19 December 2012), Company filings and Dyer & Blair estimates 3 Today (21 st December) is the last day of ARML s pre-split trading. 4 Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation. 5 EAPC s made a loss in 2011 rendering the P/E valuation not meaningful (n.m.) 5

6 APPENDIX Table 2: Cement Statistics and Macroeconomic Indicators Population (m) yoy % Real GDP growth (%) 6.33% 6.99% 1.53% 2.74% 5.76% 4.38% Inflation (%) 6.04% 4.27% % 14.0 yoy GDP, constant prices (KES bn) 1, , , , , , yoy % 5.8% 4.4% GDP per capita, constant prices (KES) 34,789 36,134 35,615 35,521 36,489 36,998 yoy 3.9% -1.4% -0.3% 2.7% 1.4% Construction output (KES m) 166, , , , , ,632 yoy % 16.7% 19.1% 8.7% 10.6% Cement consumption (' 000 Tonnes) 1, ,060 2,156 2,671 3,105 3,433 yoy 12.3% 16.6% 4.7% 23.9% 16.2% 10.6% Per capita cement consumption (Kg) yoy % 1.6% 20.3% 12.9% 7.4% Cement production (' 000 Tonnes) 2,406 2,615 2,830 3,320 3,710 4,088 yoy 13.3% 8.7% 8.2% 17.3% 11.7% 10.2% Cement exports (' 000 Tonnes) yoy 4.6% 15.8% -1.2% -4.8% 8.7% Cement imports (' 000 Tonnes) yoy % % % Source: WEO Database (October 2012), KNBS Economic Survey (2009 and 2012) 6

7 Table 3: ARML s Summarised Financials in KESm (Year ended 31 December) Income Statement 4-yr CAGR Net sales 2,605 3,882 4,619 5,145 5,965 8, % yoy % 15.9% 37.2% Gross profit 927 1,403 1,675 1,855 2,099 2, % yoy 51.3% 19.4% 10.8% 13.1% 25.3% Operating expenses (401) (431) (520) (633) (549) (537) 5.6 yoy 7.4% % -13.3% -2.1% EBITDA ,172 1,241 1,674 2,061 yoy 84.8% % 34.9% 23.2% Total depreciation & amortisation (109) (208) (205) (226) (335) (425) yoy 90.1% -1.6% 10.4% 48.2% 27.1% EBIT ,015 1,339 1,636 yoy 83.4% % 22.2% Net finance expense (29) (144) (262) (67) (226) (273) 17.29% yoy 393.2% % 20.7% Profit before tax ,113 1, % yoy % % 22. Net income ,075 1, % yoy 59.4% 19.4% 28.3% Dividends Balance Sheet 4-yr CAGR Assets Property, plant & equipment 3,185 3,303 4,372 8,688 12,189 16, % Cash and equivalents % Non-current assets 3,198 3,322 4,467 8,778 12,325 16, Current assets 1,057 1,183 1,885 3,363 4,240 3, % Total assets 4,254 4,505 6,352 12,141 16,565 20, % Total equity and liabilities Total borrowings 1,920 1,704 2,671 5,213 8,719 10,625 Non-current borrowings 1,410 1,105 1,639 3,013 6,765 8,129 Current borrowings ,032 2,199 1,954 2,497 Total liabilities 2,880 2,733 4,225 8,012 11,638 14, Shareholders' Equity 1,374 1,772 2,128 4,129 4,927 6, % Minority interests (19) 104 Source: ARML Annual Reports and Dyer & Blair estimates 7

8 Table 4: BMBC s Summarised Financials in KESm (Year ended 31 December) Income Statement 4-yr CAGR Net sales 16,488 22,111 27,467 29,994 28,075 35, % yoy 34.1% 24.2% 9.2% -6.4% 27.8% Gross profit 8,059 10,343 12,552 10,815 9,618 9, % yoy 28.3% 21.4% -13.8% -11.1% 3.6% Operating expenses (3,634) (4,714) (6,907) (2,247) (1,321) (749) % yoy 29.7% % -43.3% EBITDA 4,660 6,168 5,648 10,446 8,670 10,101 yoy 32.4% -8.4% Total depreciation & amortisation (673) (655) (685) (836) (1,015) (1,261) yoy -2.7% 4.6% % 24.2% EBIT 3,987 5,513 4,963 9,610 7,655 8,840 yoy 38.3% % -20.3% 15. Net finance expense (149) (70) (74) (14) (91) (374) 52.03% yoy % -81.1% Profit before tax 3,838 5,443 4,889 9,596 7,564 8, % yoy 41.8% -10.2% 96.3% -21.2% 11.9% Net income 2,799 3,810 3,412 6,970 5,299 5, % yoy 36.1% -10.4% 104.3% % Dividends Balance Sheet 4-yr CAGR Assets Property, plant & equipment 9,395 9,030 10,267 11,847 17,833 16, % Cash and equivalents 2, ,818 6,427 7,616 7, % Non-current assets 12,931 13,631 18,179 19,339 20,443 20, % Current assets 5,582 7,089 10,036 12,773 12,863 13, % Total assets 18,513 20,720 28,215 32,112 33,306 33, % Total equity and liabilities Total borrowings ,572 3,571 2,953 1,391 Non-current borrowings - - 3,408 3,201 1, Current borrowings , , Total liabilities 4,777 5,645 11,613 11,171 11,680 9, % Shareholders' Equity 13,736 15,075 16,602 20,941 21,626 24, % Minority interests ,106 1,444 1,461 2,146 Source: BMBC Annual Reports and Dyer & Blair estimates 8

9 Table 5: EAPC s Summarised Financials in KESm (Year ended 31 December) Income Statement 4-yr CAGR Net sales 6,292 6,804 7,653 8,755 9,790 9, % yoy 8.1% % 11.8% -6.3% Gross profit 1,727 2,053 2,455 2,285 2,201 1, % yoy 18.9% 19.6% -6.9% -3.7% -18.2% Operating expenses (737) (853) (1,058) (1,298) (1,490) (1,366) 12.48% yoy 15.8% 23.9% 22.7% 14.8% -8.3% EBITDA 1,044 1,310 1,555 1, yoy % -31.1% -25.2% -27.3% Total depreciation & amortisation (373) (405) (405) (403) (430) (521) yoy 8.8% % 6.7% 21.1% EBIT , yoy 34.7% 27.1% -41.9% -44.4% -83.4% Net finance expense (598) (644) (601) (506) n.m. yoy -97.4% % 7.7% -6.7% -15.8% Profit before tax 1, , (229) (444) n.m. yoy -10.2% 42.1% -40.6% % 94.2% Net income , (141) (370) n.m. yoy 10.6% 82.2% -34.6% % 162. Dividends Balance Sheet 4-yr CAGR Assets Property, plant & equipment 5,523 5,678 6,305 7,342 6,645 7, % Cash and equivalents Non-current assets 5,621 5,768 6,412 8,905 9,126 10, % Current assets 3,431 3,170 2,662 3,131 2,912 3, % Total assets 9,052 8,939 9,073 12,036 12,038 13, % Total equity and liabilities Total borrowings 3,410 2,663 2,697 3,261 3,402 3,689 Non-current borrowings 3,063 2,343 2,455 2,947 3,041 3,279 Current borrowings Total liabilities 5,975 5,331 5,047 5,934 6,336 7, % Shareholders' Equity 3,077 3,607 4,027 6,102 5,701 5, % Minority interests - Source: EAPC Annual Reports and Dyer & Blair estimates 9