A Systemic Strategy for Introducing Computational Thinking in Schools. Prof. Dr. Alexander Repenning
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1 A Systemic Strategy for Introducing Computational Thinking in Schools Prof. Dr. Alexander Repenning
2 everybody ELSE happy kids in front of computer Self-selected teachers and students chasm early innovators All majority of STEM + C users
3 Part 1 Programming is hard and boring
4 programming is hard and boring easy cognitive hard boring affective exciting
5 where we want to be easy cognitive Holy Grail hard boring affective exciting
6 where we were easy cognitive compute prime numbers hard C++, Emacs boring affective exciting
7 making programming easier easy cognitive Syntactic Support hard boring affective exciting
8 not quite Mission Accomplished 1995: AgentSheets pioneers drag and drop programming
9
10 making programming easier easy cognitive hard Computational Thinking Tools Semantic and Pragmatic Support Syntactic Support boring affective exciting
11 Computational Thinking Problem Formulation (abstraction) "how does a mudslide work?" 1 human abilities Solution Execution & Evaluation 3 (analyses) computer affordances Solution Expression 2 (automation) visualize the consequence of thinking build simple model of gravity
12 Computational Thinking Tools to become Computational Thinkers (supporting: Problem Formulation/Solution Expression/Solution Execution) AgentCubes online 2013 AgentSheets 1995 AgentCubes 2006 Squeak/eToys 1999 Scratch 2005 NOT a value judgement Alice 1998 Programming Tools to become Programmers Java
13 Computational Thinking Tools minimize coding overhead by reducing accidental complexity 15 squares puzzle Computational Thinking: Click at a square next to the hole to make the square move into the hole.
14 Java // SlidePuzzle.java - Puzzle to slide pieces to correct position. // Fred Swartz, 2003-May, 2004-May // The SlidePuzzle program consists of three files: // SlidePuzzle.java - this file with main to create window. // SlidePuzzleGUI.java - implements the GUI interface. // SlidePuzzleModel.java - the logical functioning. import javax.swing.jframe; ///////////////////////////////////////////// class SlidePuzzle class SlidePuzzle { //============================================= method main public static void main(string[] args) { JFrame window = new JFrame("Slide Puzzle"); window.setdefaultcloseoperation(jframe.exit_on_close); window.setcontentpane(new SlidePuzzleGUI()); window.pack(); // finalize layout window.show(); // make window visible window.setresizable(false); }//end main }//endclass SlidePuzzle // SlidePuzzleGUI.java - GUI for SlidePuzzle // Fred Swartz, 2003-May-10, 2004-May-3 // // The SlidePuzzleGUI class creates a panel which // contains two subpanels. // 1. In the north is a subpanel for controls (just a button now).
15 > 300 lines of code Python
16 Scratch
17 AgentCubes
18 demo Computational Thinking Tool #1 convert to French and Austrian Flag
19 making programming exciting easy cognitive hard semantic support syntactic support Ownership & Creativity boring affective exciting
20 Creativity 3D Tools Inflatable Icons
21 strategy Motivation Scalable Game Design: start with simple 2D games that everybody can build in a couple of hours gradually advance to sophisticated 3D games with advanced AI, visualization,... AgentSheets
22 Part 2 instruments to assess affective dimensions
23 results Motivation 74% of boys, 64% of girls (100% for some schools); 69% of minority students want to continue used in elementary, middle, high schools and university level
24 how motivated?
25
26 excuse me, I need better AI game world n i =1 u 0, t+1 = u 0, t + D (u i, t u 0, t ) sophisticated visualizations advanced math (diffusion) -> relevant to STEM
27
28 compressing design into a single number
29 Retention as Survival Function 0 P(E) P(E) P(E) P(E) P(E) n P(E) (give up) P(E) P(E) P(E) (give up) (give up) (give up) Negative Exponential Function
30 Retention of Flow first hour
31 first hour Piech, C., Sahami, M., Huang, J., & Guibas, L. (2015). Autonomously Generating Hints by Inferring Problem Solving Policies. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the Second (2015) ACM Conference on Scale, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
32
33 US, Switzerland and Mexico
34 Part 3 instruments to assess cognitive dimensions
35 computing computational thinking hill climbing user control generation ~ ~ ~ diffusion ~ ~ absorption ~ Computational Thinking Pattern Analysis pull ~ game/simulation ~ ~ ~ push transport collision
36 Computational Thinking Pattern Analysis Kyu Han Koh, Ashok Basawapatna, Vicki Bennett, and Alexander Repenning, 2010, Towards the Automatic Recognition of Computational Thinking for Adaptive Visual Language Learning, in Proceedings of the 2010 Conference on Visual Languages and Human Centric Computing (VL/HCC 2010), pp , IEEE Computer, Madrid, Spain.
37 computational thinking expectation I want to be able to walk into a classroom with game design and ask a student:...now that you can make space invaders, can you also make a science simulation? Len Scrogan, Director of Instructional Technology, Boulder Valley School District
38 the right level of representation for transfer game science simulation phenomena frogger Michotte: Perception of Causality launch: collision, push, pull, diffusion, hill climbing,... avalanche program loop, if, then, else, print,...
39 Transfer From Game Design to Science Simulation Design Game #1 and #2 Science simulation
40 Diffusion Part 4
41 1 2 3 Exposure In-Service Teacher Professional Development Pre-Service Teacher Professional Development
42 1 Exposure expose everybody through low-threshold tools to engaging STEM activities
43 nearly a quarter million participants in one week 146 Countries
44
45 2015: N-1 Kantons
46 out of 125 The Austrian CSEdWeek?
47 2 In-Service Teacher Professional Development
48 Zones of Proximal Flow Project First Pedagogy Csíkszentmihályi meets Vygotsky Zones of Proximal Flow
49
50 Sustainability Scalable Game Design Project: What is the percentage of schools that advance beyond basic training, research support and incentives? 81%
51 3 Pre-Service Teacher Professional Development
52 2017 Every new elementary school teacher will receive mandatory training in computer science education
53 Conclusions To cross the CS for All chasm we need 1. Computational Thinking Tools 2. Instruments for affective challenges 3. Instruments for cognitive challenges 4. Diffusion reaching EVERY teacher
54 Thank you!
55 Computational Thinking: the Broadway Musical plot: two possible outcomes of a love story Google if then points to this mixed reviews: audience got confused between THEN and ELSE part
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