Offshore Wind Energy: Research needs and Danish competences

Transcription

1 Offshore Wind Energy: Research needs and Danish competences The work group for offshore wind energy Henrik Bredmose DTU Wind Energy

2 Massive expansion

3 Larger wind farms

4 Distance and depth

5 Costs

6 Common denominator for research: Drive down the cost of energy M U M U1 M U2 F C1 F C2 F 1 F 2 A 1 A 2 D 0 D 1 D 2 Ins 1 Ins 2 R 1 R 2 R C1 R C2

7 Probabilistic Design - Reliability Reliability & OM, AAU / Professor John Dalsgaard Sørensen Probabilistic design: Design of wind turbine components to a target reliability level (P f = ) Structural components in normal design situations Structural components in case of faults Mechanical & Electrical components Account for site specific knowledge of uncertainties, e.g. in site assessment Account for uncertainty models obtained form tests Bayesian techniques Calibration of partial safety factors (annex K in draft IEC ed 4) Planning of tests (annex K in draft IEC ed 4) Planning of inspections Lifetime extension

8 Operation & Maintenance Risk-based methods can be used for cost optimal planning of: Quality control / NDI Future inspections / monitoring (time / type) Decisions on maintenance / repair on basis of (unknown) observations from future inspections / monitoring taking into account uncertainty and costs M U M U1 M U2 F C1 F C2 F 1 F 2 A 1 A 2 D 0 D 1 D 2 Ins 1 Ins R 1 R C1 R 2 R C2

9 Research Projects Wind Energy Reliability-based analysis applied for reduction of cost of energy for offshore wind turbines (DSF) [ ] Reliability-based analysis and design of wind turbine blades Risk-based operation and maintenance of offshore wind turbines Reliability-based design of wind turbine foundations Norwegian Centre for Offshore Wind Energy installation (Norwegian Research Council) [ ] Reliability analysis of wind turbines - basis for O&M planning Risk-based operation and maintenance of offshore wind farms Decision support for offshore wind turbine installation (Norwegian Research Council) [ ] Probabilistic risk based decision support as best practice for the installation of offshore wind turbines 9

10 Research Projects Wind Energy REWIND - Knowledge based engineering for improved reliability of critical wind turbine components (DSF) [ ] Probabilistic models and stochastic modeling Reliability assessment IPRWIND - Integrated Research Programme on Wind Energy (EC FP7) [ ] Structural Reliability methods for blades and support structures Improved and validated wind turbine structural reliability LEANWIND - Logistic Efficiencies And Naval architecture for Wind Installations with Novel Developments (EC FP7) [ ] Reliability- and risk-based Operation & maintenance 10

11 Offshore Wind Energy: Research needs and Danish competences M U M U1 M U2 F C1 F C2 F 1 F 2 A 1 A 2 D 0 D 1 D 2 Ins 1 Ins 2 R 1 R 2 R C1 R C2

12 Corrosion of Monopile Foundations Many parallel activities at FORCE Technology: - Coatings. Specification/inspection - Cathodic Protection. Modelling - Inspection. NDT - Corrosion assessments - Strain gauges - R&D projects - White book / literature survey - Committee work / NACE / Eurocorr - Seminars / DanCorr - Corrosion monitoring devices - Appropriate testing methods

13 Governmentally supported activities at FORCE Technology R&D projects focused on innovative and cost reducing solutions: Fabrication and monitoring of green offshore structures (RKI). Optimizing welding processes, laser welding Tests and monitoring of the in service corrosive condition Monopile cost reduction and demonstration by joint applied research (EUDP) Improved design basis of welded joints in seawater Cost optimization of welded joints Automation of the production process Validation of fatigue resistance Corrosion properties and monitoring

14 Corrosion do we have a problem?

15 Corrosion threats inside monopile

16 Presentation by FORCE Technology Day 1, Session 5 (burning issues) Workshop 2: Corrosion monitoring within offshore wind foundation structures. Corrosion specialist Anders Rosborg Black

17 Offshore Wind Energy: Research needs and Danish competences M U M U1 M U2 F C1 F C2 F 1 F 2 A 1 A 2 D 0 D 1 D 2 Ins 1 Ins 2 R 1 R 2 R C1 R C2

18 DHI 50 years in water 20 years in offshore wind

19 DHI Ocean services for offshore windfarms

20 Ports and Offshore Department DHI tools and methods 3-in-one the DHI way towards successful solutions! Combining tests, models and field data to unique solutions

21 MIKE by DHI numerical models Developing high quality and dedicated metocean data (waves and currents) using MIKE by DHI numerical models RDI projects on improved air-sea interaction: X-WIWA (with DTU-WIND) MERMAID (with DTU-MEK, DTU Wind +) Specialized marine metocean forecast

22 Earth observations Combining numerical models with newest Earth observations to improve metocean data reliability Ongoing projects MERMAID FP7 (with DTU-MEK, DTU Wind +) LOTUS FP7 (with DTU SPACE +) Developing new methodologies for probabilistic analyses of metocean data and loads WaveLoads (with DTU) Joint probability analyses (IEA 30) Monitoring for site characteristics and model calibration

23 Site investigations Physical Wave and current loads for design (ForskEL WaveLoads with DTU) Scour around foundations and cables (Energinet.DK project with DTU-MEK) Bed stability Environmental Noise Habitat Impacts

24 Offshore Wind Energy: Research needs and Danish competences M U M U1 M U2 F C1 F C2 F 1 F 2 A 1 A 2 D 0 D 1 D 2 Ins 1 Ins 2 R 1 R 2 R C1 R C2

25 DTU Wind Energy Technical University of Denmark Dept. management Advisory Board Secretariat Educational board Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 Section 7 Section 8 Sections: Aeroelastic design Wind Turbines Wind energy systems Test and measurements DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark Fluid and composite mechanics Composite and material mechanics Metallic materials Meteorology

26 Research project overview 2014 TWENTIES EU Storm control HTF bucket foundations Cost efficient foundations EUDP Walney wake and foundations measurements DIMESELO Dimensioning Wave Loads EUDP resonant wave EU TROPOS Floating wind farms PSO Wake effects Wake effects of large offshore wind farms MARINA Poseidon Wind and wave concepts IEA Annex 30 Code comparison DeepWind New offshore floating concept EU-Norsewind Wind resources PSO - Wind resources ORECCA South Baltic offshore Wasp offshore etc. DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 26

27 Satellite-based wind mapping Envisat ASAR 1 km by 1 km QuikSCAT 25 km by 25 km Within±5% for U and Weibull A Within±7% for power density and Weibull k Mesoscale: Typical 10 to 15% DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

28 EU-Norsewind Aim Aim is to produce a wind atlas for the Northern European Seas including the Baltic, Irish and North Seas. Method Ground-based using 15 lidars and some met-masts. Satellite-based wind mapping. Atmospheric modeling. Testning for location offshore Portugal. DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

29 Lidar testing at Høvsøre DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

30 Development of Parameterized Jacket model The jacket structure is modeled in Abaqus. The model is parametric, allowing the designer to change the jacket member design automatically. The jacket can also be coupled with a mono pile at the base to model soilpile coupling. DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

31 Coupled Versus De-Coupled Loads K1 Difference in the amplitudes of the over turning moments is the of the order of 20% between coupled and uncoupled time series. DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

32 Jacket Design Welded Joints The method used in ISO estimated a lower number of cycles than the method used in DNV. However, the stress range estimated using ISO are higher for which reason larger fatigue damage is estimated. The DNV approach considers 8 hot-spots around each chord/brace intersection whereas the ISO approach only considers 4. Four hot-spots were found to be sufficient to determine the reliability level. DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark Branner, K; Stensgaard Toft, H.; Haselbach, P.; Natarajan, A; Sørensen, J. D. Reliability Assessment Of Fatigue Critical Welded Details In Wind Turbine Jacket Support Structures. ASME 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering OMAE 2013, Nantes, France, June

33 33 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 7 April 2014

34 ABYSS objectives Develop and implement advanced models and efficient and reliable numerical structural optimization techniques, to automate the design process and significantly reduce the cost of new support structures. Address several key issues for cost-effective optimal design of entire offshore wind turbine support structures, such as fatigue resistance, transparency to marine loads, mass-producibility, and functionality and robustness of the design. The cost reductions are achieved through modularization for massproduction, reduced material usage, and improved life expectancy. 34 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 7 April 2014

35 Poseidon: how it looks PSO project, measurements and modeling: DONG, FPP, DHI and Risø DTU 3x GAIA 11kW. Downwind, Free yaw and teetering Grid connection point Mooring point Wave energy conversion device DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 21 July

36 Poseidon: Modeling Challenges Three rotors in one simulation Structural modeling already possible in the multi-body formulation Aerodynamic model updated to handle this Wake from upwind rotors Already possible with the dynamic wake meandering model in HAWC2 Large water surface area Full coupled HAWC2-WAMSIM simulations HAWC2 validated aeroelastic code WAMSIM validated radiation/diffraction code for dynamic of floating structures from DHI WAMSIM recode to HAWC2 dll-interface format Ordinary HAWC2 turbine model Ordinary WAMSIM model Full system solved by HAWC2 36 Risø Hawc2 Overview 21 July 2010 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

37 Optimal wind farm layout? DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

38 Wind sensitivity o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

39 TopFarm project Cost model Maximize Finance balance Maximize power production (WP) Minimize cost Minimize foundation cost Minimize cable cost Minimize maintenance FB = WP XN L XN A rc 1 r i rc 2 r i ( 1 p ) C 1 p C + 1+, sf N C = CF + CI + CT + CE + CM Maintenance cost Electrical infrastructure cost Civil engineering infrastructure cost Installation cost Foundation cost L sf N A DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

40 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark DCAMM 2011

41 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark DCAMM 2011

42 Offshore Wind Energy: Research needs and Danish competences M U M U1 M U2 F C1 F C2 F 1 F 2 A 1 A 2 D 0 D 1 D 2 Ins 1 Ins 2 R 1 R 2 R C1 R C2