NATIONAL CONTINGENCY PLAN MALAWI

Transcription

1 Government of Malawi NATIONAL CONTINGENCY PLAN MALAWI NOVEMBER 2012 i

2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Department of Disaster Management Affairs would like to extend its sincere gratitude to the various ministries departments, UN Agencies and NGOs that participated in the review of the 2011/2012 National Contingency Plan to come up with the 2012/2013 National Contingency Plan. Special thanks to the cluster lead ministries and departments and co-lead agencies for their insightful leadership of the clusters. The UN Agencies and NGOs participated fully in the process and provided advice in the areas of their expertise. The time requirements from you all were enormous. The Department counts on all the government departments and ministries, UN Agencies, the Malawi Red Cross Society and Non Governmental Organisations for their continued support in operationalising this contingency plan when need arises. Finally, the Department would like to appreciate the assistance of the World Food Program and UNICEF that provided funds for the review and consolidation of the 2012/13 National Contingency Plan. ii

3 ACRONYMS AIDS ART CBCC CBO CCODE CERF CHAM CLTS CMT CPCs DC DCO DEM DFID DHO DNHA DoCC&MS DoDMA DoS EMT FAO FBO FFA GBV GoM GTPA HCT HfH HH HIV HTC IDPs IEC IFRC ITN LC MCH MDF MoAFS MoDPC MoEST MoGCCD MoH MoIAPS MoLH&UD MoTPW MPS MRCS NAC NDPRC NEC NFI Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Anti Retroviral Therapy Community-Based Childcare Centre Community Based Organisation Centre for Community Organisation and Development Central Emergency Relief Fund Christian Health Association of Malawi Community Led Total Sanitation (an approach) Country Management Team Civil Protection Committees District Commissioner District Commissioner s Office District Education Managers Department for International Development (UK) District Health Office Department of Nutrition HIV and AIDS Department of Climate Change and Meteorological Services Department of Disaster Management Affairs Department of Surveys Emergency Management Team Food and Agriculture Organisation Faith-Based Organisation Food for Assets Gender Based Violence Government of Malawi Grain Traders and Processors Association Humanitarian Country Team Habitat for Humanity Household Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV Testing and Counselling Internally Displaced Persons Information, Education and Communication International Federation of Red Cross/Red Crescent Insecticide Treated Nets Local Council Maternal and Child Health Malawi Defence Force Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security Ministry of Development Planning and Cooperation Ministry of Education, Science and Technology Ministry of Gender, Children and Community Development Ministry of Health Ministry of Internal Affairs and Public Security Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development Ministry of Transport and Public Works Malawi Police Service Malawi Red Cross Society National Aids Commission National Disaster Preparedness and Relief Committee National Epidemic Committee Non-Food Item iii

4 NGO NRU OCHA OPC ORS OTP OVC PEP PLWHA RA SFP SGBV SP Sphere SRH TA TWG UN HABITAT UN UNCT UNDAF UNDMTWG UNDP UNFPA UNHCR UNICEF UNRCO USAID VSU WASH WES WFP WHO Non-Governmental Organisation Nutrition Rehabilitation Unit Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Office of the President and Cabinet Oral Re-hydration Salt Outpatient therapeutic Program Orphans and other Vulnerable Children Post Exposure Prophylaxis People Living with HIV and Aids Rapid Assessment Supplementary Feeding Programme Sexual and Gender Based Violence Sulfadox and Pyrimeth (anti-malarial drug) Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response Sexual and Reproductive Health Traditional Authority Technical Working Group United Nations Human Settlements Programme United Nations United Nations Country Team United Nations Development Assistance Framework UN Disaster Management Technical Working Group United Nations Development Programme United Nations Population Fund United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees United Nations Children s Fund United Nations Resident Coordinator s Office United States Aid for International Development Victim Support Unit Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Water and Environmental Sanitation World Food Programme World Health Organisation iv

5 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS... II ACRONYMS... III EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... VII INTRODUCTION... 1 OBJECTIVES... 2 CONTINGENCY PLAN LAYOUT... 2 SECTION ONE HAZARDS, SCENARIOS AND RISK ANALYSIS NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE CAPACITY ANALYSIS SECTION TWO ASSESSMENT MODALITIES ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES ACTIVATION OF ASSESSMENT MISSION ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ASSESSMENT TOOLS AND TIMELINE FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE ASSESSMENT MODALITIES FOR DRY SPELLS CO-ORDINATION ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES CO-ORDINATION ARRANGEMENTS PRINCIPLES AND STRATEGIES ACTIVATION OF PLAN SECTION THREE CLUSTER PREPAREDNESS, RESPONSE AND EARLY RECOVERY PLANS CO-ORDINATION, COMMUNICATION AND ASSESSMENT AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY AGRICULTURE FOOD SECURITY HEALTH, HIV /AIDS AND NUTRITION HEALTH, HIV AND AIDS NUTRITION EMERGENCY SHELTER AND CAMP MANAGEMENT v

6 3.5 WATER AND SANITATION PROTECTION EDUCATION TRANSPORT, LOGISTICS AND COMMUNICATION ANNEXES ANNEX 1: HEALTH AND NUTRITION STOCKS ANNEX 2: REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH STOCKS ANNEX 3: WATER AND SANITATION REQUIREMENTS &STOCKS ANNEX 4: EMERGENCY SHELTER AND CAMP MANAGEMENT STOCKS ANNEX 5: BASIC EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS AND STOCKS ANNEX 6: NFIS AND AGRICULTURE INPUTS REQUIREMENTS & STOCKS ANNEX 7: FOOD REQUIREMENTS AND STOCKS ANNEX 8: GUIDELINES FOR FOOD DISTRIBUTION ANNEX 9: TIMELINE FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE ANNEX 10: REPORT FOR CENTRALLY-DEPLOYED RAPID ASSESSMENTS TEAMS ANNEX 11: DISTRICT LEVEL ASSESSMENT REPORT FORMS ANNEX 12: CONTACT LISTS vi

7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In fulfilling its primary role of protecting the lives of its citizens during disasters, government developed a National Contingency Plan (NCP) that is updated annually to reflect the changing weather patterns as forecast by the Department of Climate Change and Meteorological Services (DoCC&MS). Contingency planning allows government and its partners to plan for disasters with the aim of minimizing damage to property and loss of life. This is becoming especially important given the impact of climate change. In its planning, government followed the global changes in humanitarian coordination and adopted the cluster system. In the 2012/13 NCP, there are 8 operational clusters, on: Coordination, Communication and Assessments; Water and Sanitation; Emergency Shelter and Camp Management; Transport, Logistics and Communications; Protection; Health, HIV&AIDS and Nutrition; Agriculture & Food Security; and Education. The plan emphasises protection as a crosscutting issue. The plan also recognises the fact that while all people in disaster prone districts are vulnerable to these hazards, there are some that are more vulnerable such as the elderly, the chronically ill, injured persons and those with disabilities, People Living With HIV and AIDS [PLWHA] and women and children at risk. These groups are considered most vulnerable and all efforts will be taken to ensure their protection and access to basic services. All hazards in the contingency plan, with the exception of earthquakes, have 3 scenarios. These are the best case scenario, the most likely scenario and the worst case scenario. In the case of earthquakes, the most likely scenario envisages that 5,000 to 10,000 households may be affected. For floods and dry spells, the most likely scenario envisages between 15,000-35,000 and 200,000 households affected, respectively. Under strong winds, between 2,000 and 5,000 households may be affected in the best case and most likely scenario. As regards disease outbreaks, the Health Cluster anticipates that in the most likely scenario, this will affect about 5,000 to 10,000 individuals. In the worst case scenario for all hazards, the figures of affected populations are projected at over 35,000 households (floods), over 200,000 households (dry spells); over 5,000 households (strong winds); over 10,000 households (earthquakes), and over 10,000 people needing treatment as a result of disease outbreaks. If any of these worst case scenarios are realised, international assistance may be sought to help with the response and recovery efforts. Assessments will be conducted at the district council level, a national assessment mission will only be mobilized when thresholds described in the assessment modalities has been reached; to identify and describe the situation in the affected areas and to quantify the extent of damage to people, their livelihoods and to the infrastructure. This information will allow activation of a coordinated and effective response to the situation and the initial planning of early recovery measures. For drought, the Malawi Vulnerability and Assessment Committee (MVAC) remains the main assessment modality. The MVAC is mandated to assess food security and livelihood vulnerability for timely and accurate early warning information. As the ultimate coordinator of all actors involved in an emergency response, the Government of Malawi (GoM) through the Department of Disaster Management Affairs (DoDMA) is responsible for coordinating the implementation of disaster prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery activities. Emergency response is led by the DoDMA, assisted by the relevant line ministries. District Commissioners are mandated to coordinate any emergency-related activities in their districts through the Civil Protection Committees (CPCs). At the end of the rainy season, DoDMA will conduct a post-mortem with all stakeholders to assess the overall effectiveness of the plan, and the preparedness and response activities executed. This feedback will serve as input to future contingency planning preparations, response and early recovery. vii

8 In responding to disasters, the availability and prepositioning of stocks facilitates a quick response. In this year s contingency plan, while certain commodities are available others are not leading to a resource gap. The gaps are for the most likely scenarios. viii

9 INTRODUCTION Climate variability and climate change impacts are now, more than ever, becoming evident. While the complete range of changes has not been adequately modelled to accurately anticipate their impacts, there is a noticeable increase in disasters that can be linked to climate change. In Malawi, these disasters have included floods, dry spells and disease outbreaks. The consequences of these, including impacts of natural disasters like earthquakes, can be huge. Lives of men, women and children have been lost. Infrastructure including roads, bridges, public buildings and houses has been damaged. On the micro level, this has resulted in a more fragile and less resilient family unit, while on the macro level; there is the cost of diverting development resources to respond to these emergencies. Government has the primary responsibility to protect life and property of its citizens. One of the ways of ensuring this is through the contingency planning process. The National Contingency Plan (NCP) enables government and its partners to anticipate and prepare for disasters. Disaster preparedness ensures that loss of life and property is minimized. Like the past two NCPs, the 2012/13 NCP is a multi-hazard plan. However, this plan is broader in scope than past plans and addresses not only floods and dry spells but also earthquakes, strong winds and disease outbreaks. The National Contingency Planning process has the ability of bringing many humanitarian players together and acts as a framework for raising resources for disaster response. Local humanitarian organisations use the National Contingency Plan to justify setting aside emergency funds so they can fulfil the roles that have been assigned to them in the plan. A multi-hazard contingency plan ensures that a wider range of response issues can be covered. It acts as a link between local disaster risk reduction measures and international disaster risk reduction efforts through international organisations such as the IFRC (through Malawi Red Cross Society), UN agencies (like WFP, UNICEF and UNFPA) and NGOs, amongst others. The Government of Malawi s National Contingency Planning process has involved close collaboration between the Government and the UN inter-agency alliance, along with NGOs and other relevant stakeholders, i.e., those involved in responding to humanitarian needs triggered by an emergency, to ensure the protection of basic human rights and the provision of essential services. In line with the Hyogo Framework for Action, emergency preparedness and response builds on existing activities and partnerships developed through various country programmes of co-operation (Government, UN agencies and NGOs) meant to build the resilience of communities to disasters. Examples in this regard include two consortia, one led by Christian Aid and the other by Concern Universal, that aim at building the resilience of communities in disaster prone districts including the districts of Chikhwawa, Mulanje, Thyolo, Mwanza, Nsanje, Machinga, Kasungu, Karonga, Salima, Dedza, and Balaka. Additional programmes will be established on an as-needed basis to support humanitarian action and recovery and rehabilitation efforts. This National Contingency Plan also builds on district contingency plans. DoDMA will ensure disaster-prone District Councils are informed about the national plan and are prepared to respond accordingly. In response to changes that have taken place at the global level, government has adopted the Cluster System in preparing and responding to disasters. In the current contingency planning period, there are eight clusters, on: Coordination, Communication and Assessment; Health, HIV & AIDS and Nutrition; Water and Sanitation; Transport, Logistics and Telecommunications; Agriculture and Food Security; Education; Emergency Shelter and Camp management; and the Protection cluster. These clusters work under the guidance of the Cluster on Coordination, Communication and Assessment. Considering that government has the primary responsibility for preparedness, response and rehabilitation, each cluster is led by a government ministry or department. Each cluster is also supported by a UN agency or the Malawi Red Cross Society servicing as a co-lead. These clusters have mainstreamed monitoring and reporting into their activities to pave way for humanitarian performance monitoring. The purpose of this is to enable government to be informed of 1

10 progress, existing capacity and resource gaps with respect to the response, as well as to generate information for resource mobilisation. It also enables clusters and cluster leads on the local as well as global level to fulfil their accountability responsibilities. Of these clusters, protection is a cross cutting cluster. It has relevance for all clusters. It means providing assistance in an impartial manner based on need only while recognising the ever important principle of do no harm. It is also a commitment to reach the most vulnerable. Other clusters like the Transport, Logistics and Telecommunications cluster serve other clusters. The Cluster on Coordination, Communication and Assessment is crucial in this respect by ensuring that the activities of all clusters are coordinated (to make the best use of the resources of service clusters like the Transport, Logistics and Telecommunications cluster) and that protection and monitoring and evaluation is mainstreamed in all clusters. For the purposes of this contingency plan, vulnerable populations are generally those populations whose lives and livelihoods are at risk as a result of the hazards envisaged in this plan. Within this category, the plan recognises people with special needs like the elderly, people with disabilities, chronically ill, PLWHA, injured persons and pregnant and lactating women and children as particularly vulnerable and needing special protection measures. All clusters will ensure that the needs of the most vulnerable are met. The National Contingency Plan was drafted by Government ministries and departments, UN agencies, MRCS, and NGOs led by the DoDMA. The 2012/2013 national contingency planning process received support from the World Food Programme and UNICEF. OBJECTIVES The overall objective of the 2012/2013 NCP is to help ensure that Government, development partners and civil society mount a timely, consistent and coordinated response during the season to minimise potential humanitarian consequences and ensure the early recovery of affected communities. CONTINGENCY PLAN LAYOUT In this contingency plan, five hazards have been covered namely: floods, dry spells, earthquakes, strong winds and disease outbreaks. The first section details risks, scenarios, planning assumptions and consequences for each of the hazards. The second section summarises the assessment and coordination modalities; and it specifies the roles and responsibilities to be assumed during assessment. The third section lays out the activities to be undertaken by different clusters of stakeholders during preparedness, emergency response and early recovery. The section on activities is followed by a series of appendices including emergency stock tables, contact details and assessment forms. 2

11 SECTION ONE 3

12 1.0. HAZARDS, SCENARIOS AND RISK ANALYSIS All hazards in the contingency plan, with the exception of earthquakes, have 3 scenarios. These are the scenario 1 as the best case scenario; scenario 2 as the most likely scenario and scenario 3 as the worst case scenario. In the case of earthquakes, the most likely scenario envisages that 5,000 to 10,000 households may be affected. For floods and dry spells, the most likely scenario envisages between 15,000-35,000 and 200,000 households affected, respectively. Under strong winds, between 2,000 and 5,000 households may be affected in the most likely scenario. As regards disease outbreaks, the Health Cluster anticipates that in the most likely scenario, this will affect 5,000-10,000 individuals. In the worst case scenario for all hazards, the figures of affected populations are projected at over 35,000 households (floods), over 200,000 households (dry spells); over 5,000 households (strong winds); over 10,000 households (earthquakes), and over 10,000 people needing treatment as a result of disease outbreaks. If any of these worst case scenarios are realised, the government might request assistance from international actors on the response and recovery efforts. While figures of affected differ in the worst case scenario, for example households affected in a major earthquake versus over households affected in a severe drought, it is the impact envisaged for earthquakes (i.e. severe infrastructural damage, injuries and loss of lives) that puts these scenarios at the same level. The following tables present the five hazards envisaged in this plan. These tables provide details on the geographical areas; provide a risk analysis for each of the hazards as well as sources of information for early warning. 4

13 A. FLOODS Scenario Description Planning Assumptions 1 Minimal localised flooding, the result of heavy but short durations of rainfall Best case scenario Damage to infrastructure and consequences to human life (casualties, extraordinary outbreak of diseases, traumas, separations, etc.) and livestock will be limited. Each occurrence will allow for early recovery. Total population at national level affected will not exceed a cumulative figure of 15,000 households. Districts most likely to be affected include: Chikwawa, Nsanje, Salima, Karonga, Dedza, Mangochi, Machinga, Phalombe, Nkhotakota,Ntcheu and Zomba. Early recovery is probable through provision of humanitarian assistance to replenish immediate losses at household level. Affected households will require only temporary assistance from 1 to 3 months. Search and rescue services may be required Response interventions will be managed by Government. 2 Significant flooding will occur as a result of heavy rainfall but over a longer period of time. Most likely scenario. Flooding may impact 15,000 to 35,000 households. Damage can be severe resulting in destruction of crops and houses. Search and rescue services will be required Air and water transport will be required International support may be called upon to assist in providing humanitarian assistance to replenish immediate losses at household level, and to assist with early recovery. 3 Extensive Flooding Worst case scenario Result of long-lasting rainfall (over several weeks), causing rapidly rising rivers and lakes Large areas of land will be affected across districts. Flooding will cause damage to crops, infrastructure (roads, public buildings, private dwellings), temporary disruption to access of basic services (health and education). Over 35,000 households (Over 192,000 people) will be affected, at least 50% will be temporarily displaced. Recovery is expected to take relatively long period. Outbreaks of disease (measles, cholera, malaria) can be expected because of damage to water and sanitation facilities. 5

14 Search and rescue services will be required Air and water transport will be required International support will be called upon to assist in providing humanitarian assistance to replenish immediate losses at household level, and to assist with early recovery and reconstruction Factors Degree of Risk Comments RISK ANALYSIS Probability Almost Certain Flooding in Malawi is becoming an annual event and is likely to occur in all the regions. According to 2012/13 seasonal rainfall forecast issued by the Department of Climate Change and Meteorological Services, the whole will experience normal to above normal rainfall throughout the whole season, which suggests an increased chance of floods in low lying areas. Consequences Moderate to Major Damage from flooding is likely in flood-prone areas to some extent. In the previous analogue years Malawi experienced floods in all the given years, with different impacts. The damage varied from moderate to major damage. Overall Risk Likely Triggers Timeframe Moderate Adequate levels of preparedness should be in place by Government and all stakeholders to ensure effective response regardless of the scenario realized. Heavy rainfall, particularly in catchments of flooding rivers leading to water accumulating faster than soil absorption rate, or faster than rivers capacity to carry it away, could lead to flooding. November 2012 to April B. DRY SPELLS Scenario Description Planning Assumptions 1 Localised dry spells affecting a small Best case scenario number of households Up to 50,000 households are affected Little impact on the crops in the field Government will need some implementation capacity from NGOs working in the affected districts Support required for a maximum of 3 months Recovery activities include activities that will make it possible for the households to graduate after 3 months (i.e. irrigation) Likely districts to experience prolonged dry spells include Nsanje, Chikhwawa, Phalombe, Machinga, Mangochi, Balaka, Mwanza, Neno, Blantyre and Ntcheu 6

15 Scenario Description Planning Assumptions Response interventions will be managed by Government. 2 Prolonged dry spells in certain parts of the country Most likely scenario Prolonged localized dry spells during the crucial maize growing Up to 200,000 households are in need of food Government Strategic Grain Reserves are sufficient to cater for the population in need. The DoDMA requires considerable implementation capacity from the NGOs working in the affected districts Support for the households is required for 3 months Recovery activities include exit strategies within 3 months as above. 3 Extensive Dry spells Worst case scenario Dry spells experienced over a large part of the country Above 200,000 households require food assistance Support for the households is required for more than 3 months (up to 8 to 10 months) Government Strategic Grain Reserves will not be sufficient to cater for the population in need considering that more reserves have already been used in the response to the 2011/2012 food shortage. Food resources might be sourced from outside the country. There will be need for extensive recovery strategy. RISK ANALYSIS Factors Degree of Risk Comments Probability Likely The Department of Climate Change and Meteorological Services has predicted a 25% chance of below normal rainfall over the whole country. The Met department has also warned that there is a development of weak El Niño that will persist until March Usually El Niño years are characterized of dry spells in our region. Consequences The consequences of food insecurity caused by dryspells can be major, exacerbated by the impact of Major factors like HIV and AIDS, poverty, the current economic meltdown and the rise in food prices globally. A considerable number of children, pregnant and lactating women will be at risk of malnutrition. Overall Risk Likely Triggers Timeframe Moderately high Adequate levels of preparedness should be put in place by Government and all stakeholders to ensure effective response regardless of the scenario realized. There has been some areas that have experienced food shortage in three consecutive years which renders communities in these areas very vulnerable. 7

16 Scenario Description Planning Assumptions Prolonged dry spells over the crucial growing period especially December to February. April 2013 to March C. STRONG WINDS Scenario Description Planning Assumptions 1 Minimal localised strong winds, Best case and most likely scenario Damage to infrastructure and consequences to human life (casualties, traumas, separations, etc.) and livestock will be limited. Each occurrence will allow for early recovery. Total population at national level affected will be between 2000 and 5000 households. Districts most likely to be affected include: Chikwawa, Blantyre, Mulanje, Karonga, Mangochi, Machinga, Nsanje, Phalombe, Salima, Nkhotakota, Chitipa, Ntcheu, Lilongwe Thyolo, Nkhatabay and Zomba. Early recovery is probable through provision of humanitarian assistance to replenish immediate losses at household level. Affected households will require only temporary assistance from 1 to 3 months. Response interventions will be managed by Government. International support may be requested to assist in the case of a single acute event, or concurrent acute events affecting a large number of the population. 2 Extensive strong winds Worst case scenario Large areas of land will be affected simultaneously across districts and borders. Strong winds will cause damage to crops, infrastructure (public buildings, private dwellings, power lines), temporary disruption of access to basic services (health and education). Over 5,000 households will be affected and will require temporary shelter. Recovery is expected to take a relatively longer period. Factors Degree of Risk Comments Probability Almost Certain RISK ANALYSIS Disasters caused by strong winds in Malawi are becoming an annual episode and is likely to occur particularly in the Southern Region which is mostly affected by tropical cyclones from Mozambique channel. Consequences Moderate to Major Damage to infrastructure and consequences to human life, crops, infrastructure (roads, public buildings, private dwellings), temporary disruption to access of basic services (health and education). 8

17 Scenario Description Planning Assumptions Overall Risk Moderate Adequate levels of preparedness should be in place by Government and all stakeholders to ensure effective response regardless of the scenario realized. Most of strong winds are associated with the first rains In October, November and December. 9

18 D. EARTHQUAKES Scenario Description Planning Assumptions 1 Minimal localised tremors, Best case scenario affecting a few districts over a shorter period of time Occurrence of tremors measuring less than 3.0 on the Richter scale in one or more areas Damage to infrastructure and consequences to human life (casualties, traumas psychological, separations, etc.) and livestock will be limited. Total population at national level affected will not exceed a cumulative figure of 5,000 households. Districts most likely to be affected are those along the : lakeshore as well as Lilongwe,Dowa,Ntchisi Chitipa, and Machinga Based on rapid assessment, early recovery and humanitarian assistance may be provided to replenish immediate losses at household level. Affected households will require only temporary assistance from 1 to 3 months. 2 Significant tremors, occurring in a number of areas over a longer period of time. 3 Major earthquakes, causing widespread damage in several areas. Factors Degree of Risk Comments Response interventions will be managed by Government.. Most likely scenario. Occurrence of tremors measuring between 3.0 and 6.2 on the Richter scale in a number of areas. The earthquakes may impact 5,000 to 10,000 households. Damage can be severe resulting in destruction of homes, loss of human/animal lives and public infrastructure. Based on rapid assessment, International support may be called upon to assist in providing humanitarian assistance to replenish immediate losses at household level, basic services and to assist with early recovery. Affected households will require only temporary assistance for up to 9 months including evacuation sites/camps. Worst case scenario Occurrence of major earthquakes measuring more than 6.2 on the Richter scale in several areas. Large areas of land will be affected simultaneously across Malawi. Major damage to infrastructure (roads, public buildings, private dwellings, telecommunication), disruption to access of basic services (health and education), loss of lives and displacement of households. More than 10, 000 households will be affected, External financial, material and technical assistance will be required and government will have to declare a national disaster Evacuation of entire villages will be required and camps for the displaced will be established Recovery is expected to occur over a period of more than 9 months. Outbreaks of disease (measles, cholera, malaria) can be expected because of damage to water and sanitation facilities and camp conditions. RISK ANALYSIS 10

19 Probability Likely Districts along the lakeshore are at a higher risk of earthquakes. However, the contingency plan is working on the premise that since Malawi is laying in the great African Rift Valley, the whole country is prone to earthquakes, therefore any part of the country might be affected. Consequences Moderate to Major Earthquakes mainly cause damage to infrastructure, including buildings, roads, bridges and others. Injuries to humans and animals are usually as a result of buildings, trees or other structures falling on them. Death might occur as a result of serious injuries from falling infrastructure and psychological trauma. Disease outbreaks including STI/HIV infections may occur due to breakdown in support structures. Overall Risk Moderate The risk of having a serious earthquake within the period of this contingency plan is moderate. Sufficient preparedness measures by government both at central and district levels will ensure that any impact resulting from the occurrence of the hazard is addressed within the shortest possible time. Timeframe November 2012 to October E. DISEASE OUTBREAK (Cholera, Measles, Birhalzia, Malnutrition) Scenario Description Planning Assumptions 1 Minimal outbreak (less than Best case scenario 5000 people affected) Consequences to human life (casualties, extraordinary outbreak of diseases, traumas etc.) will be limited. Total population at national level affected will not exceed a cumulative figure of 5,000 people for each disease. Districts most likely to be affected (Karonga, Nkhatabay, Rumphi, Mzuzu, Nkhotakota, Salima, Lilongwe, Mangochi, Balaka, Machinga, Zomba, Phalombe, Mulanje, Blantyre, Chikwawa, Nsanje) Early recovery is probable through provision of health care services and humanitarian assistance. Response interventions will be managed by Government. 11

20 Scenario Description Planning Assumptions 2 Significant outbreaks of diseases Most likely scenario. Periods of further spread and treatment ranging from 1-3 months Each disease may impact 5,000 to 10,000 people Impact can be severe especially to women and lactating women particularly if localized International support may be called upon to assist in providing health care services and humanitarian assistance and to assist with early recovery. 3 Extensive outbreaks of diseases Worst case scenario Fatal Disease outbreaks will cause loss of human life and productivity, and overstretch capacity of provision of basic health services. Over 10,000 people will be affected by each disease, though not at one time. RISK ANALYSIS Factors Degree of Risk Comments Probability Almost Certain Disease outbreaks in Malawi are likely to occur. The outbreaks are likely to occur in areas where there is breakdown of good health practices, severe flooding and acute food shortage. Consequences Moderate to Major Disease outbreaks will cause loss of human life and productivity, and overstretch capacity of provision of basic health services. Overall Risk Likely Triggers Timeframe Moderate to high Adequate levels of preparedness should be in place by Government and all stakeholders to ensure effective response regardless of the scenario realized. Flooding, lack of portable water, breakdown of good health practices, acute food shortage, animal and human movements to and from confirmed affected areas November 2012 to October

21 1.6 National Disaster Response Capacity Analysis The Disaster Preparedness and Relief Act of 1991 was enacted by Parliament to make provision for the coordination and implementation of measures to alleviate the effects of disasters. It included the establishment of a National Disaster Preparedness and Relief Fund (NDPRF). Although NDPRF was created, resources are only made available after a disaster has occurred, which substantially delays relief efforts. Furthermore, the resources are insufficient to respond beyond a Scenario 1 emergency. Government institutions at the national level, and in particular, at the district level under the authority of the District Commissioner s Office, face a number of challenges, including the following:: Scarce financial resources for maintenance of existing disaster response structures Inadequate leadership and motivation in some districts to ensure effective emergency response and updating of district contingency plans. Inadequate Early Warning and Surveillance Systems for a number of disasters including floods, cholera, earthquake, strong winds, dry spells and, pest and disease outbreaks. Inadequate transport and communication facilities impeding dissemination of early warning messages, rapid assessments and disaster response. Inadequate capacity (human, technical, material and financial) for coordination at both national and district levels which negatively impact timely and effective assessment, response and information management during disasters. To address some of these deficiencies, the UN System in Malawi, DoDMA, civil society organisations and other stakeholders have facilitated training and orientation workshops for national and district staff on disaster risk management, with a particular emphasis on coordination, vulnerability assessments, reporting and contingency planning. In 2010, the department recruited 14 non established 1 officers in 14 disaster prone districts of the country to enhance human and technical capacity for mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery from disasters. Disaster risk management structures known as District Civil Protection Committees, Area Civil Protection Committees and Village Civil Protection Committees have been put in place. Efforts are under way to build their capacity to implement mitigation actions as well as respond to disasters 2. Significant investments in disaster risk reduction have been made by government partners. For example, the UK Department for International Development (DFID) has injected a total of 4.8 billion Malawi Kwacha through two consortia for implementing climate change adaptation projects. One consortium is led by Concern Universal and operates in the 5 disaster prone districts of Karonga, Salima, Dedza, Balaka and Nsanje. The other consortium led by Christian Aid is operating in 7 disaster prone districts, namely Chikhwawa, Mulanje, Thyolo, Mwanza, Nsanje, Machinga and Kasungu. World Bank through the Shire River Basin Management Programme (Phase 1 Project) is investing US $13.3 million (about MK4.3 billion) for flood risk management in the Shire River Basin, specifically in the Lower Shire districts of Chikhwawa and Nsanje. DoDMA has also conducted capacity building of District Commissioners from the most disaster prone districts in disaster risk reduction mainstreaming. Other government departments, such as the Ministry of Gender, trained government line ministries in disaster prone districts on how to respond to disasters affecting women and children. To further institutionalise disaster risk management, the DoDMA has developed a DRM Handbook, a National DRR Framework, DRM Operational Guidelines and is currently finalising a DRM policy. All these efforts are in line with the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) which 1 Fixed Term contract as compared to permanent contract. 2 For example, DIPECHO funded the capacity building of Village Civil Protection Committees in Salima through COOPI. 13

22 calls on states to build resilience of communities to disasters 3 thereby reducing resource requirements for preparedness, response and recovery. 3 Disaster Preparedness for Effective Response: Guidance and Indicator package for implementing Priority Five of the Hyogo Framework; United Nations,

23 SECTION TWO 15

24 2.1. ASSESSMENT MODALITIES Assessment Objectives The main purpose of the assessment is to identify the circumstances existing in the affected areas and quantify the extent of damage caused by disaster to people, their livelihoods and infrastructure. This information will allow activation of a coordinated and effective response to the situation if required, and the initial planning of early recovery measures. In particular assessment will concentrate on the following aspects: Identify the population affected, disaggregated by gender, age, sex, health and social status. Highlight key findings by sector: agriculture and food security, education, health, nutrition and, HIV and AIDS, environment, water and sanitation, public infrastructure (including communication and accessibility issues) and protection. Indicate how people and their livelihoods have been affected. Highlight contingency measures that were in place before the disaster. Highlight response measures already undertaken by different stakeholders. Highlight any response gaps that need to be filled. Highlight measures undertaken by affected communities to mitigate/cope with the situation. Highlight possible early recovery activities. Provide key recommendations on actions to be taken Activation of Assessment Mission An assessment mission will be deployed to the affected areas within 48 hours if: Reports are received from district officials through the DoDMA on a disaster affecting up to 1,000 households in either one or different areas within a period of 1 week (rapid onset). Reports are received from district officials through the DoDMA of the occurrence of a disaster affecting more than 1,000 households in a period of 2 to 3 weeks (slow onset). Information on occurrence of a disaster is received from the affected districts but reports on the extent of damage and number of people affected are not forthcoming and there is an indication that the number of households in the affected area is at least 1, 000 (e.g. in case of inaccessibility of the areas involved) Roles and Responsibilities As the ultimate coordinator of all actions involved in an emergency response, the Government of Malawi, through DoDMA, will be responsible for coordinating and leading a Joint Disaster Assessment Mission. The assessment team may include representatives from the following stakeholders: DoDMA Relevant Government ministries: Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development, Ministry of Transport and Public Infrastructure, Ministry of Gender, Children and Community Development, Department of Geological Surveys, Department of Surveys; Malawi Defence Force and Malawi Police Service. UN agencies: UNDP, FAO, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNRCO, UNAIDS, WFP, WHO Other cooperating partners: DFID, Irish Aid, USAID MRCS 16

25 NGO partners The assessment team will join a district level team comprised of district officials and NGOs operating in the affected areas Assessment Tools and Timeline for Emergency Response The assessment forms, report format including checklists, timeline for emergency response and other relevant summary tables are provided in the Annexes Assessment Modalities for Dry spells The Malawi Vulnerability Assessment Committee (MVAC) remains the main assessment modality for the impact of dry spells. The MVAC is mandated to assess food security and livelihood vulnerability for timely and accurate early warning information. Membership comprises: Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Finance and Development Planning, National Statistical Office, Department of Nutrition & HIV and AIDS, Ministry of Development Planning and Cooperation, DoDMA, NGOs (in food security & humanitarian interventions), University of Malawi, FEWSNET, UN agencies (FAO, UNDP, UNICEF, WFP) and other development partners. The information gathered from the MVAC assessments will be used for programming purposes to counter the impact of dry spells. Using an entitlements approach, the MVAC comes up with the total missing food entitlements as well as data on the groups of people affected. The information is disaggregated by gender, location and period when assistance would be required CO-ORDINATION ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Co-Ordination Arrangements The following is a summary of planned co-ordination arrangements and activities between Government, UN agencies, MRCS and NGOs: As the ultimate coordinator of all actors involved in an emergency response, the Government of Malawi (GoM) through the DoDMA is responsible for disaster prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. Emergency response is led by the DoDMA, assisted by the relevant line ministries. District Commissioners are mandated to coordinate any emergency-related activities in their districts through Civil Protection Committees with the assistance of NGOs in the districts. Following the end of the rainy season, DoDMA will conduct a post-mortem with all stakeholders to assess the overall effectiveness of the plan, and preparedness, response and recovery activities executed. This feedback will serve as input to future contingency plan preparation. A National Epidemic Committee under MoH has been established with membership from key stakeholders including the donor community and government departments, to coordinate all activities at all levels for epidemic prevention and control, through which service delivery, surveillance, monitoring, data collection, analysis and dissemination are coordinated. The responsibility for cholera surveillance falls under this committee. Donor Coordination can facilitate an effective and timely response. For example, DFID s role as the coordinator in 2007/08 was instrumental in harmonizing and aligning efforts by creating a conducive environment for a collaborative effort, strengthening the relationship between Government, UN and the donor community around disasters. Malawi Red Cross Society (MRCS) is a member of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC). As a member of the IFRC, the MRCS embodies the work and principles of the Red Cross Movement. IFRC directs and channels its international assistance to 17

26 victims of natural and technological disasters through National Societies, in this case the Malawi Red Cross Society. IFRC acts as the official representative of its member societies and works to strengthen their capacity to carry out effective disaster preparedness, health, and social programmes. This is accomplished through provision of financial, technical and human resource assistance. The UN Resident Coordinator (UNRC) is also the designated Humanitarian Coordinator. Under the guidance of the UNRC, the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT), made up of heads of UN Agencies and Non Governmental Organisations is responsible for the effective and efficient implementation of inter-agency disaster management activities in Malawi for prayers outside of government UN agencies, MRCS and a network of NGO implementing partners will respond to an emergency in collaboration with and through the Government of Malawi. In accordance with UN Humanitarian Reform and the cluster directions of the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), Cluster Lead agencies will ensure a coordinated action among partners in their respective sectors. This responsibility requires coordination with Government, other agencies and NGOs to ensure that the needs of these sectors are addressed, that information is shared and that reporting is carried out. The following are the lead ministries coordinating the different clusters as well as the lead UN agency supporting those ministries. Early recovery and protection, as cross-cutting issues, are considered by all sectors through the coordination of DoDMA. Table Lead Cluster Ministries and UN Support Agencies Cluster Lead Ministry Lead UN Support Agency Agriculture & Food Security MoAFS FAO Health, HIV/AIDS and Nutrition MoH WHO/UNAIDS Education MoEST UNICEF Water & Sanitation MoAIWD UNICEF Transport, Logistics & Communication MoTPW WFP Protection MoGCCD UNICEF 4 Emergency Shelter & Camp MoHUD UN HABITAT/MRCS Management Coordination, Communication, Assessment DoDMA UNRCO Principles and Strategies Exposure to disasters may reduce access to basic rights including food, education, health services, safe housing, protection, drinking water and sanitation. The Government of Malawi is committed to ensuring these rights are maintained also during an emergency situation. Key strategic areas identified in the contingency plan are: Developing national capacity at all levels for emergency response. Pre-positioning of emergency supplies. (for example RH kits, ARTs and condoms). Surveillance and monitoring of key emergency indicators. Intensifying service delivery to avert the impact of emergencies, e.g. PMTCT. Awareness raising for prevention of HIV/AIDS, cholera and malaria. 4 UNHCR is supposed to co-lead the Protection cluster; however, UNHCR indicated that it does not have the capacity at the local level to provide support to the cluster. In the event of a major emergency, UNCHR will assume its global responsibilities and provide leadership to the cluster. 18

27 Advocacy on issues of protection and health. Advocacy on preventing sexual abuse and exploitation of women and children. Early recovery is considered as a cross-cutting issue for planning in all sectors, based on the Early Recovery Framework. In addition, disaster risk reduction measures should be integrated into early recovery interventions. The Government will call upon support from UN agencies, MRCS and NGOs to assist with Malawi s emergency preparedness. Response will build on existing activities and partnerships developed through country programmes of co-operation (Government, UN agencies and NGOs) as well as on community mobilization and participation. Through this developed network of partnerships, Government will monitor emergency situations and potential threats in an attempt to ensure early warning and response. At the time of an emergency situation, additional programmes will be developed as needed to support humanitarian action and post-incident rehabilitation and recovery efforts within the respective cluster responsibilities. To ensure rapid response to emergencies which exceed Government capacity, UN agencies, MRCS, NGOs and other stakeholders may be called upon to provide initial relief assistance in line with respective corporate core commitments. The duration of the required assistance will vary depending on the scenarios and according to the nature of the activities in the different sectors (i.e., emergency activities versus recovery activities) (see details for each sector below, section 2: Preparedness and Response Plans) Activation of Plan The National Contingency Plan is activated at the onset of the rainy season under the authority of the Secretary and Commissioner for Disaster Management Affairs. Activation signifies that all coordination mechanisms, and roles and responsibilities of the various stakeholders are in effect. Each stakeholder is responsible for executing the actions identified in this document as appropriate, in preparing for and responding to an emergency. 19

28 SECTION THREE 20

29 3.0 CLUSTER PREPAREDNESS, RESPONSE AND EARLY RECOVERY PLANS 3.1 CO-ORDINATION, COMMUNICATION 5 AND ASSESSMENT The DoDMA leads the Co-ordination, Communication and Assessment operation for preparedness, emergency response and recovery Overall Objective To facilitate appropriate coordination arrangements, communication and assessment activities between Government, UN, and NGOs including MRCS in responding to emergencies and during contingency planning process Specific Objectives i. To ensure inter-cluster coordination and communication. ii. To coordinate the overall disaster preparedness, response and recovery efforts iii. To ensure that Protection and Early Recovery concerns are mainstreamed by all clusters in the three phases of preparedness, response and recovery. iv. To facilitate communication between the UN, NGOs and district councils. v. To facilitate the provision of information on early warning and emergency response and recovery between stakeholders involved in the response. vi. Coordinate joint resource mobilisation effort vii. Coordinate joint assessments in line with call-down mechanisms (triggers) which indicate when assessments should be conducted. viii. To coordinate revision/update of the contingency plan ix. To coordinate evaluations and lessons learnt following responses to disasters Definition of Affected The term affected in this cluster is understood as covering all people that are deemed and accepted as affected by the various clusters Emergency Preparedness and Capacity-Building Activities # Activities Lead When Budget available Gap Agency 1 Facilitate the review of the National Contingency Plan DoDMA, ministries, UN, NGOs and other stakeholders September 30,000 2 Initiate the evaluation and lessons learnt of the previous season s contingency plan 3 Review standing assessment team DoDMA Cluster Lead Chairpersons July August mobilize resources for humanitarian fund to be used for assessments for initial UNRCO -Oct 0 5 Communication as used in this context refers to the flow of information to the other clusters in an effort to link them up. This is upper level of communication. 6 Resource mobilisation is an ongoing process but the target is the have fund mobilised by October 21

30 # Activities Lead When Budget available Gap Agency response 5 Support 15 disaster prone DoDMA Sept 40,000 District Councils to review their contingency plans. 6 Consolidate reports from the various clusters DoDMA On going 7 Review assessment and reporting forms 8 Facilitate the circulation of national and regional early warning bulletins DoDMA Ongoing DoDMA Ongoing 0 9 Follow up on the performance of other clusters on implementation of preparedness activities 10 Advocate for budgeting for the activities in the contingency plan 11 Advocate for setting up of cluster milestones and monitoring the results. DoDMA DoDMA DoDMA May to October Ongoing Ongoing Emergency Response Activities # Activities Lead Agency When Budget 1 Coordinate joint assessment missions 2 Coordinate cluster response to disasters 3 Consolidate report/assessments on response among relevant actors. DoDMA Ongoing 10, 000 DoDMA Ongoing DoDMA Ongoing 0 4 Consolidate input for Humanitarian Update from other clusters 5 Facilitate joint resource mobilization as needed (eg. Flash Appeal or CERF). 6 Request for additional external technical support if required, eg. OCHA (Scenario 2 and 3). DoDMA Ongoing 0 DoDMA Ongoing 0 UNRCO Ongoing 20, Early Recovery Activities Activities Lead Agency When Budget available Gap 22

31 1. Ensure coordination and focus in areas where early recovery interventions can assist in building the basis for longer term recovery. 2. Coordinate joint post-disaster assessments 3. Facilitate the development and consolidation of an early recovery action plan detailing the implementation of early recovery interventions.. 4. Ensure that disaster risk reduction is incorporated into early recovery activities. DoDMA 0 DoDMA $10,000 DoDMA $500 DoDMA Operational Constraints Limited disaster early warning systems. Limited human resource and financial capacity at district level to organise medium- to large-scale response to disaster. Inadequate information/communication systems in some District councils, including limited access to computers and no access to internet Primary Stakeholders Roles and Responsibilities The National Disaster Preparedness and Relief Committee (NDPRC) will make a recommendation on the need to declare a national state of disaster. Emergency response and recovery is led by the DoDMA assisted by the relevant line ministries, NGOs and UN agencies. District Commissioners are mandated to coordinate any emergencyrelated activity in their respective districts through the Civil Protection Committees (CPCs) with support from UN agencies and NGOs. The Department of Climate Change and Meteorological Services issues 10-day rainfall forecasts throughout the rainfall season for early warning guidance Collaborative Partners DoDMA, relevant line ministries (Local Government and Education), District councils, UNRCO and other UN agencies, relevant NGOs. 3.2 AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY Agriculture The Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security (MoAFS) is responsible in leading the overall preparedness and emergency response for the Agriculture operation Overall Objective To build resilience of households (HHs) affected by floods, dry spells and any other disasters occurring within the limit of the contingency plan, and prevent food insecurity due to loss of agricultural productive assets in floods, dry spells and any other disasters affected areas Specific Objectives 23

32 1. To build the capacity through training, campaigns and sensitisations of relevant stakeholders to better cope with shocks associated with disasters. 2. To increase and strengthen short- and long-term food security of households affected by disasters whose crops/livestock are damaged or lost by floods, dry spells, storms, pests and other relevant disasters Definition of Affected For the Agriculture sub-sector, the term affected refers to households which have suffered crop or livestock loses that could cause major economic/social impacts for these vulnerable farming households Emergency Preparedness and Capacity-Building Activities Activities Lead Agency 1. Review 2012/2013 contingency plan based on meteorological MoAFS information. stakeholders When Oct-Nov 2. Undertake a review of existing risk areas in order to identify areas prone to floods, dry spells and other disasters and determine appropriate response measures. 3. Take stock of available resources prior to occurrence of floods, dry spells and any other disasters and identify gaps in relation to scenarios under consideration. 4. Coordinate activities/meetings with UN partners, NGOs and other stakeholders in areas affected by floods, dry spells and any other disasters prior to the occurrence of such disasters. 5. Provide technical support in sourcing and delivery of agricultural inputs and services. 6. Provide quality control of inputs procured/distributed for response. 7. Conduct sensitization campaigns on disaster preparedness Emergency Response Activities Activities 1. Coordinate emergency agriculture related activities/meetings with UN partners, NGOs and other stakeholders in areas affected by floods, dry spells and any other disaster within the limit of the contingency plan. 2. Facilitate a rapid needs assessment of affected areas and households working closely with all main actors. 3. Advise stakeholders on immediate agricultural inputs required and coordinate resource mobilization. 4. Coordinate and facilitate preparation and implementation of the distribution plan of necessary inputs. 5. Coordinate and facilitate equitable provision of agricultural inputs (seeds, fertilizers, vaccines, de-wormers and re-stocking of FAO MoAFS DoDMA MoAFS MoAFS DoDMA Lead Agency DoDMA DoDMA MoAFS MoAFS MoAFS Nov Oct Nov Oct Nov Nov-Dec Oct-Nov Ongoing When Nov Mar Nov Mar Nov Mar Nov Mar Nov Mar 24

33 livestock) Activities Lead Agency When 6. Support vaccination campaigns of livestock to reduce disease outbreaks Early Recovery Activities Activities 1. Conduct a post-emergency assessment to inform subsequent design of appropriate interventions. 2. Implement recovery interventions such as rehabilitation or construction of small-scale irrigation schemes (where applicable), promotion of crop diversification and restocking of livestock interventions and other interventions. FAO Lead Agency MoAFS MoAFS Nov Mar When March April 3. Facilitate monitoring and evaluation of the recovery interventions to inform the design of appropriate long-term interventions FAO Ongoing Operational Constraints People may be displaced as a result of severe flooding which will present challenges in identifying and supplying inputs to those affected. Damage to road infrastructure will hamper access to affected areas and may jeopardize timely humanitarian interventions. Limited access to resources may potentially affect the timing and scale of response in relation to the need on the ground. Inadequate technical expertise to deal with emerging crop and livestock diseases Limited availability of fuel may hamper recovery efforts Primary Stakeholder Roles and Responsibilities The District Agricultural Development Office is responsible for monitoring and collecting information on crop loss and livestock and poultry disease outbreaks. MoAFS is primarily responsible for providing agricultural inputs with support from FAO and NGO partners Additional Personnel Requirements To be determined following assessments Additional Material and Financial Requirements See Annex 2 for agricultural requirements based on estimated 15,000 HHs affected by floods, dry spells and any other disaster occurring within the limit of the contingency plan Collaborative Partners DoDMA, MoAFS, District Councils, FAO, other UN agencies and relevant NGOs. 25

34 3.2.2 Food Security The Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Irrigation and Water Development (MoAFS) leads the overall preparedness and emergency response for the Food Security operation Objective To provide assistance to disaster affected HH s, to help meet the food security needs Specific Objectives 1. To prevent loss of life from hunger and maintain the nutritional status of the population affected by disasters. 2. To minimise negative or risky coping mechanisms for communities affected by disasters e.g. sale of productive assets Definition of Affected In the Food Security sub-sector, the term affected refers to a population that has lost its immediate food stocks, crops and livestock and means of access to food as a result of floods, dry spells and any other disaster Emergency Preparedness and Capacity-Building Activities Activities Lead Agency 1. Review weather forecasts from DoCC&MS and other sources and DoDMA prepare contingency plans and scenarios. 2. Facilitate the sharing of Weather Forecast information and its implications on agricultural cropping season. MoAFS DoDMA, When Sept Nov From Sept ongoing prior to rains 3. Hold sensitization meetings to disseminate weather forecast information and necessary disaster preparedness measures to communities in areas prone to floods, dry spells and other disasters. 4. Based on expected geographical impact areas, DoDMA, MoAFS and cooperating partners will plan the logistics supply chain network design and define capacity needs for possible food aid/cash transfers. 5. Set up an emergency/contingency stock / fund to facilitate quick response to programmes (DoDMA should have buffer stock) alternatively in the absence of the fund and the buffer, there can be opportunities to borrow or swap from existing food assistance pipelines such as WFP. 6. In collaboration with DoDMA, develop and/or review emergency funding mechanisms, i.e. Immediate Response Account (WFP), Central Emergency Response Fund (UN), Flash Appeal (UN), Strategic Grain Reserve stocks (GoM), Malawi Red Cross (MRCS), and logistical assets. 7. Estimate likely food security status and needs under scenarios, share this information with stakeholders and coordinate with NGOs and other programmes in affected areas to ensure food stocks are available, and identify any food supply gaps. MoAFS, DoDMA, MoAFS, DoDMA, WFP, Oxfam MoAFSDo DMA DoDMA MoAFS DoDMA, WFP From Sept ongoing prior to rains Once scenarios decided on going Once scenarios decided Once scenarios decided 26

35 Emergency Response Activities 1. Facilitate coordination meetings with UN agencies, Government ministries & departments, private sector and operating NGOs in areas affected by disasters 2. Participate in rapid assessments of populations affected by disasters in need of emergency food. 3. Assess other food security programmes such as HIV/AIDS programmes, nutrition rehabilitation units (NRUs), therapeutic feeding units and school feeding programmes that have been disrupted as a result of disasters and identify appropriate interventions. 4. Based on assessment findings and recommendations, define food ration requirements or cash equivalent in terms of commodities and quantities per commodity needed to assist affected people. 5. Depending on actual geographical areas affected, establish delivery mechanism for appropriate assistance. 6. Mobilize required funding to finance required assistance. 7. Coordinate and provide food or cash assistance to the targeted populations affected by disaster. 8. Provide M and E support to ongoing food assistance/cash transfer program Early Recovery Activities Activities 1. Identify early recovery activities needed in the affected areas to re-establish livelihoods. 2. Coordinate recovery resource mobilization and Lead Agency MoAFS DoDMA MoAFS, DoDMA, DAs, MoAFS DoDMA, MoAFS, WFP, DoDMA, Oxfam MoAFS, WFP, DoDMA MoAFS, WFP, DoDMA, Oxfam MoAFS WFP, DoDMA, NGOs Lead Agency MoAFS MoAFS When Nov April Dec March Dec March Dec March Dec March Dec March During disasters When April-June 27

36 Activities implementation of various early recovery activities, including food-for-assets 7 (FFA), cash for asset and disaster mitigation and response projects emphasising rehabilitation, creation, and maintenance of community assets. Lead Agency When 3. Monitoring and evaluation of recovery activities MoAFS, Ongoing Operational Constraints In the event of severe flooding those people affected are likely to be dispersed in various locations, making it difficult to identify the flood affected population. Damage to road infrastructure can hamper access to flooded areas and thus jeopardize efficient and timely humanitarian interventions. Limited access to resources may potentially affect the timing and scale of response in relation to the need on the ground. Inefficient and ineffective coordination mechanism at national and district level. Inadequate availability and limited access to fuel may hamper preparedness and response activities Primary Stakeholder Roles and Responsibilities DoDMA has the overall responsibility for coordination and implementation. MoAFS takes overall responsibility for the Agriculture and Food Security Cluster. DoDMA in collaboration with WFP, NGOs, private sector and other partners will: Provide food or cash assistance to identified populations affected by disasters. Provide technical logistics support to partners, where needed, in terms of delivering non-food essential supplies; Identify effective and efficient delivery mechanisms for food and non food items.. Provide M&E support to on-going food assistance/cash transfer programme Additional Personnel Requirements To be determined following assessments Additional Materials and Financial Requirements Transport costs (see Transport, Logistics and Communication Cluster) Requirements vs. contingency stock see Annex Collaborative Partners MoAFS, DoDMA, WFP, UNICEF, Oxfam other UN agencies, Government Ministries & Departments and relevant NGOs, GTPA, Private sector HEALTH, HIV /AIDS AND NUTRITION The Ministry of Health (MoH) is the lead ministry responsible for the overall preparedness, emergency response and early recovery of the basic health operation including sexual reproductive health (SRH) and 7 Duration of FFA activities will vary according to the impact of floods, dry spells and any other disaster occurring within the limit of the contingency plan on the assets of affected households and level of food security. However, under assumptions of scenario 2 and scenario 3, a minimum of 6 months assistance through FFA (April 2012 to September 2013) could be required and activities might be extended up to March 2010 subject to verified need. 28

37 trauma (physical and mental). The Department of Nutrition, HIV/AIDS under the Office of the President and Cabinet is responsible for policy guidance with respect to Nutrition and HIV and AIDS Overall Objective To prevent an increase in mortality, morbidity and malnutrition amongst people who are unable to access basic health services as a result of disasters Specific Objectives 1. To provide access to basic health services for people affected by disasters with particular attention to children under the age of five, elderly, persons with disabilities, PLHIV, the chronically ill and pregnant and lactating women. 2. To build and maintain capacity to respond rapidly to disaster related diseases as well as trauma victims, SRH&R and gender- based violence (GBV) in all disaster-prone areas. 3. To build and maintain district capacity to conduct rapid and post disaster health assessments 4. To provide support for and conduct national campaign on prevention and control of malnutrition, cholera, HIV and AIDS, measles, H1N1 and other disease outbreaks. 5. To sustain ART to PLHIV and provide service for prevention of HIV transmission during disasters. 6. To ensure that minimum SRH services are provided and are accessible to women, men and young people during disasters. 7. To prevent development of acute malnutrition in children under 5, lactating and pregnant women, the elderly, persons with disabilities, chronically ill and other vulnerable groups (including people living with HIV and Tuberculosis) from deteriorating to stages of moderate to severe malnutrition. 8. To prevent and control iron, iodine, and vitamin A deficiency disorders Definition of Affected In the Health sector, the term affected refers to people who are unable to access basic health services including SRH and emergency obstetric care as a result of disaster For the Nutrition sector, the term affected refers to children under 5, pregnant and lactating women, young people and other vulnerable groups (such as the elderly, persons with disabilities and the chronically ill etc) whose nutrition status is at risk because of: a) inadequate access and utilisation of nutritious food; b) deteriorating quality of childcare practises; and/or d) an increase in water-borne and airborne diseases 8 as a result of a disaster. In the HIV and AIDS sector, the term affected refers to people who are unable to access HIV and AIDS prevention, treatment, care and support as a result of disasters. It also includes prevention of and response to sexual violence Health, HIV and AIDS Emergency Preparedness and Capacity-Building Activities # Activities Lead Agency When 1. Preposition and maintain adequate drug supplies (such as ORS, Ringer s 1 Lactate, HTH, ARVs, STI drugs, Measles vaccine and safe blood) and medical equipment (such as syringes, reproductive health kits, mosquito nets) to health centres in disaster-prone districts. Ensure a standing treatment capacity of 5000 cholera cases is in place (Minimum capacity for treating 800 cholera cases in the contingency stock). MoH, WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, MRCS December 8 As a result of climate change, specific impacts cannot be ascertained hence the inclusion of airborne diseases. 29

38 2. Provide support and conduct a campaign for measles vaccination and Vitamin A among children under five. 3. To conduct awareness campaigns on prevention of cholera and other diseases including HIV and AIDS amongst people and health care workers living in disaster-prone areas/districts including safe handling of blood and blood products UNICEF, MoICE, MoH UNICEF and MoH, MoICE April & October November - January 4. Activate H1N1 and avian Influenza plan in the event of H1N1 & Avian Influenza outbreak. 5. Develop and update a national map of all health facilities in high risk areas to monitor vulnerabilities in terms of access and possibility of damage. 6. Procure and maintain a minimum stock of contingency items for immediate distribution to prevent deteriorating health situation. 7. Provide training and refresher sessions for health workers (public health and MCH coordinators), including all other extension workers (HSA, child protection workers, community development assistants, community based distribution agents) on Rapid Assessments and management of measles, cholera, SRH and HIV and AIDS in disaster prone areas. 8. Print and distribute IEC materials on the management of measles, cholera, HIV and AIDS and SRH MoH MoAFS UNICEF and MoH, UNFPA, DoS MoH, DNHA, UNICEF, DHO, MSF, UNFPA. MoH, WHO, UNICEF, DHO, UNFPA other stakeholders MoH, DNHA, MoICE, UNICEF, UNFPA, 9. Preposition and maintain supplies for post-exposure prophylaxis MoH, DNHA, MSF, UNFPA, As required December November Ongoing Ongoing December 10. Strengthen the communication system in the Epidemiology Unit and districts to ensure timely reporting on outbreaks of communicable diseases such as cholera and measles using existing structures. 11. Provide technical support in rapid health assessments and investigation of disease outbreaks. 12. Support the National Epidemic Committee (NEC) in disease surveillance and monitoring of epidemics to ensure timely detection and response to disease outbreaks. 13. Support the NEC and districts in arranging post mortem workshops on the Health Response including assessing capacities to ensure experiences and lessons learned are properly incorporated into next year s preparedness plans. 14. Review current capacity of coordination structures at all levels and identify areas for improvement. 15. Support the development of back-up plans for obstetric emergencies in high risk areas including RH kits. MoH, WHO, UNICEF MOH, UNICEF, WHO, UNFPA, MoH, WHO, CDC MoH, WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA MoH & DHO, DNHA, WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA. MoH, WHO, UNFPA, Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing April Ongoing Ongoing 30

39 16. Build stocks of RH Commodities including; HIV Test Kits, PEP, ARVs, condoms, and co-trimoxazole for management and prevention of HIV and AIDS 17. Prepare plan of action to provide HIV prevention interventions for sexual transmission of HIV to most at-risk populations, including PLHIV and young people. 18. Advocate for the establishment of a comprehensive public health package for STI control. 19. Disseminate national protocols on the clinical management of rape, and provision of post-exposure prophylaxis. MoH, UNAIDS, DNHA, UNFPA MoH, UNAIDS, DNHA MoH, UNAIDS, NAC, DNHA MoH, UNAIDS, UNFPA, WHO Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing 20. Conduct public awareness on management of rape and provision of post exposure prophylaxis MoH, MoGCSW, MSF, UNAIDS, UNFPA 21. Review guidelines for rapid health assessments MoH, DoDMA,UNICEF, WHO, UNFPA Ongoing Ongoing Emergency Response Activities Activities Lead Agency When 1 Conduct rapid health assessments, including verification of the availability of drugs and supplies in health centres within 48 hours of a disaster occurrence and develop action plans. 2 Participate in national level joint assessment in disaster-affected areas. 3 Provide messages and education talks on HIV/AIDS and other STIs, including promotion of safer sex 4 Mobilise resources for health supplies for disaster-affected areas. Ensure coordination and provision of EmONC services 5 Facilitate linkage to HIV/AIDS services as required, e.g. ART, PMTCT, nutrition support and PEP 6 Provide necessary services, supplies and drugs to prevent and respond to disease outbreaks in disaster areas. 7 Ensure continuation of medication e.g TB drugs and ART for PLHIV, including pregnant and lactating women currently on ARVs. District Health Offices MoH, WHO, DoDMA, DNHA, UNFPA MoH, DoDMA, DNHA MoH, UNICEF, WHO, UNFPA MoH, UNFPA, WHO MoH, DNHA, NAC, UNAIDS, UNFPA MoH, WHO, UNICEF MoH, WHO, UNAIDS, DNHA Within 48 hrs of emergency Within 48 hrs of emergency Within 48 hrs of emergency Ongoing Ongoing Within 48 Hrs Within 48 hrs 8 Provide care and support to people who are chronically ill. MoH, NGO s During emergencies 9 Provide psycho-social care to persons traumatized by the disaster and to any survivors of violence, including sexual violence. MoH, NGOs, CBOs, During emergencies 31

40 10 Identify and ensure that health services are provided to OVCs, disabled and other vulnerable groups. 11 Undertake social mobilisation activities at community level and develop and distribute IEC materials addressing the emergency issues Early Recovery Activities MoGCSWD MoH, MoGCSS, UNICEF MoH, MoICE, MoGCSS During emergencies Ongoing Activities 1. Re-establish disrupted health care services by providing equipment and essential drugs and, if necessary, support the reconstruction of health facilities. 2. Support the continuation of critical services like immunization, under five clinic, comprehensive SRH services such as antenatal, FP and HIV/AIDS services and interventions. 3. Assess and monitor the impact of gender issues in health in the affected areas and identify appropriate recovery measures. Lead Agency When MoH As required MoH Within 48hrs MoH Operational Constraints Damage to infrastructure such as roads and communication facilities can hamper access to affected areas and jeopardize effective, timely interventions. Lack of qualified and skilled personnel and funding resources (for training district teams). Lack of storage space when prepositioning stocks for emergency response Primary Stakeholders Roles and Responsibilities The NEC under the MoH is responsible for coordinating all activities at all levels for epidemic prevention and control, through which service delivery, surveillance; monitoring, information collection, analysis and dissemination are coordinated. The HIV/AIDS Unit in the MoH will be responsible for all HIV/AIDS related intervention. The District Epidemic Management Committee is responsible for review of district epidemic preparedness and response plans, mobilising resources and coordinating post epidemic evaluations. District Epidemic Rapid Response Teams are responsible for investigation, control and prepositioning supplies. UN and NGOs will support Government as required in their respective areas of expertise Additional Personnel Requirements To be determined following completion of assessments Additional Material and Financial Requirements See Annex Collaborative Partners DoDMA, World Health Organisation (WHO), other UN agencies, and NGOs. 32

41 3.3.2 Nutrition Emergency Preparedness and Capacity Building Activities # Activities Lead agency When 1. Procure additional supplies and equipment as a contingency stock for Nutrition Rehabilitation Units (NRUs) and Outpatient therapeutic Program (OTP) MoH, UNICEF November 2. conduct awareness campaigns on prevention of malnutrition amongst people living in disaster-prone areas/districts 3. Provide support and conduct a campaign for Vitamin A supplementation among children under five. Conduct training of service providers in community management of acute malnutrition Review guidelines for rapid nutrition assessment Map locations of NRUs, OTPs and SFP centres and general food distribution areas in all disaster prone areas DNHA, MoH, UNICEF and WFP DNHA, MoH, UNICEF, DNHA, MOH, UNICEF DNHA, MoH, UNICEF MoH, DNHA, UNICEF, WFP, DoS Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Undertake an assessment of service delivery capabilities of NRUs, OTPs and SFPs in disaster prone areas Print and distribute IEC materials on the management of malnutrition 4. Create a standing agreement with WFP for the provision of supplementary foods to affected populations in the event of an emergency. DNHA,MoH,UNICEF DoS DNHA, MoH, UNICEF DoDMA, MoH November Ongoing Ongoing Emergency Response Activities # Activities Lead agencies When 1. Undertake a rapid assessment to determine the number of children and women, and other vulnerable groups in disaster prone areas. 2. Undertake active case identification and referral of acute malnutrition. 3. Provide children under 5, pregnant and lactating women, and other vulnerable groups with moderate and acute malnutrition, continued access to therapeutic and supplementary feeding. 4. In collaboration with the Shelter and Camp Management Cluster provide additional treatment capacity (erection of tents) for treatment of children with severe acute malnutrition. MoH, DNHA,, NGOs MoH,, NGOs MoH, UNICEF, WFP MoH, UNICEF, WFP NGOs Within 72 hrs *From the RA *From the RA *From the RA 33

42 5. Provide supplies and equipment for NRUs, OTPs and SFPs, including therapeutic/supplementary food, micronutrients and fortified foods for children, lactating and pregnant women, and other vulnerable groups 6. Promote breastfeeding and its monitoring to control general distribution of powdered milk or formulas unless administered under strict medical supervision. 7. Monitor nutritional status and programme performance for supplementary, therapeutic and blanket feeding in the affected areas. *RA= Rapid Assessment Early Recovery Activities MoH, UNICEF, WFP NGOs MoH, DNHA UNICEF, WFP NGOs MoH, DNHA UNICEF, WFP NGOs *From the RA *From the RA *From the RA Activities 1. Continue to monitor the general situation on acute moderate and severe malnutrition and conduct a rapid nutritional assessment with UN agencies and other relevant stakeholders. 2. Continue to provide support to NRUs, OTPs and SFPs to maintain capacity to treat acute malnutrition. 3. Provide behaviour change communication to affected communities on key infant and young child feeding. Lead agency MoH, DoNHA MoH MoH When Ongoing Ongoing ongoing Operational Constraints Following the onset of a disaster, affected populations will likely disperse to various locations, making it difficult to follow up malnourished children and women, and other vulnerable groups who have been displaced by the disasters. Following disasters, it may be difficult to reach beneficiary communities due to damaged transport infrastructure. Some beliefs (e.g. religion) might hinder the delivery of essential health services to women and children In large scale emergencies, the capacity of stakeholders to respond might not be sufficient Primary Stakeholder Roles and Responsibilities The collection of information on the nutritional situation is carried out by the Ministry of Health in collaboration with DNHA and UNICEF. Day-to-day running and management of therapeutic and supplementary feeding sites are under the responsibility of Ministry of Health and CHAM. Procurement of therapeutic supplies is the responsibility of MoH. UNICEF will assume responsibility for procurement and distribution of equipment and medical supplies to the therapeutic feeding sites based on excess caseload whereas DNHA will be responsible for monitoring WFP is responsible for providing supplementary foods, whereas identification and referral of acute malnutrition is carried out by MoH and CHAM with support from UNICEF. DNHA and WHO will provide technical advice on Health, HIV & AIDS and Nutrition activities Additional Personnel Requirements 34

43 To be determined following the assessments Additional Material and Financial Requirements See Annex Collaborative Partners Ministry of Health, Ministry of Trade, Ministry of Information and Civic Education, Ministry of Agriculture, UNICEF, Research Institutions, WFP, WHO, NGOs. 3.4 EMERGENCY SHELTER AND CAMP MANAGEMENT The Ministry of Lands and Housing is the lead ministry responsible for overall preparedness and emergency response for the shelter support operation. The UN Habitat is the co-lead in collaboration with the Malawi Red Cross Society (MRCS) Overall Objectives To facilitate provision of safe and adequate shelter (in accordance with Sphere Standards) to people affected by disasters whose homes have been destroyed or rendered uninhabitable Specific Objectives 1. To facilitate provision of adequate shelter to displaced households. 2. To facilitate provision of temporary teaching and learning space for displaced pupils/school going children, in cooperation with the Education Cluster. 3. To provide survival kits 9 and other basic non-food items (NFIs) for the displaced population. 4. In camps or other collective emergency accommodation, to coordinate with law enforcement agencies so that the affected population and their property are safe and secure. 5. To undertake camp management using the rights-based and community-based approach Definition of Affected For Shelter Support, the term affected refers to people who have been displaced because their homes have been destroyed or made inhabitable by disasters Emergency Preparedness and Capacity-Building Activities # Activities Lead Agency When 1. 1 Undertake an assessment to determine baseline shelter requirements of those areas prone to disasters. MDF, MPS, DoDMA MoLH, Department of Surveys and mapping, DoDMA & relevant stakeholders Early November for all activities 2. 2 Identify environmentally and physically safe sites in areas prone to disaster to which displaced people can be evacuated, and carry out site planning Identify, stock and pre-position tents, shelter kits, and NFIs for areas prone to disaster and displacement, for use at community/household level Identify, stock and pre-position tents and survival kits for districts prone to disaster, to sustain education/health service delivery. MoLH, DoDMA, MRCS, UNICEF, UNFPA, UN Habitat, UNHCR, Department of Surveys MoLH, DoDMA, UNICEF, UNFPA, MRCS MoLH, DoDMA MoEST, MRCS, UNICEF, UNHCR, WFP 9 For displaced households. Each kit contains: 2 blankets, 2 cooking pots, 2 plastic sheets, 4 cups, 4 plates, 3 sachets of water guard, 2 mosquito nets, 2 serving spoons, 12 tea spoons, 2 bars of soap, one jerry can and one bucket (10 l) 35

44 1. 5 Undertake analysis(who what and where) of stakeholders Deliver advocacy, training and capacity building activities including shelter and camp management to both community members and district authorities Establish a monitoring and evaluating mechanism that will review accomplishments and shortcomings in the preparedness, response and early recovery phases for the cluster. MoLH, DoDMA, UN Habitat, MRCS MoLH, DoDMA, UN Habitat MRCS MoLH, DoDMA, UN Habitat & MRCS Emergency Response Activities # Activities Lead Agency When 1. Activate the Emergency Shelter and Camp Management Cluster and establish local coordination mechanisms in areas affected by displacement. DoDMA, MoLH, relevant stakeholders Within 48 hrs of disaster 2. Participate in the multi-sector needs assessment to assess shelter requirements, with particular attention to the needs of vulnerable individuals / groups. DoDMA, MRCS, relevant stakeholders MoLH, MPS 3. Identify environmentally and physically safe sites and carry out site planning (if not done in preparedness) in affected areas. DoDMA, MoLH, MPS, relevant stakeholders 4. Coordinate shelter interventions including the provision of tents, tarpaulins and other construction materials, and provision or modification of alternative accommodation. DoDMA, MRCS, relevant stakeholders MoLH, MDF, 5. Coordinate the distribution of survival kits MoLH, MRCS / UNICEF, UNFPA, DoDMA 6. Liaise with the WASH and Protection clusters to ensure that there are adequate and safe sanitation and water facilities in the camps or collective shelters where displaced people are being housed, with attention to the needs for separate facilities for women/girls and men/boys and accessible to persons with disabilities or older persons. 7. Ensure that IDPs who arrive at a camp, evacuation site, or other collective centres are registered and needs of the most vulnerable groups identified. 8. Ensure the establishment of proper camp management arrangement that is rights based and community-based, and which includes mechanisms for the dissemination of information and for the expression of grievances to ensure transparency and accountability. 9. Ensure that there are child friendly spaces in the camps, and safe spaces for women. 10. In cooperation with law enforcement agencies, ensure that the camps and/or collective centres for the displaced are safe and secure. WASH Cluster DoDMA MoLH, UNICEF MRCS, UNICEF MoLH, DoDMA MRCS UNICEF, MoGCSW, UNFPA MPS / MDF On camp completion 36

45 3.4.6 Early Recovery Activities Activity Develop broad-based and long-term reconstruction and shelter strategies that include disaster risk reduction Help sustain primary education by providing teaching and learning space as needed while they re-settle Support affected communities to (re)construct houses that can better withstand disasters. Maintain community dialogue and capacity building on early recovery activities. Lead agency MoLH MoLH MoLH MoLH When Operational Constraints Limited human resource capacity, particularly at district level. Limited mobilization of resources. Poor transportation. Lack of access to affected areas Primary Stakeholder Roles and Responsibilities MoLH in collaboration with District Commissioner Offices will be responsible for coordinating shelter support in the affected areas with support from MRCS, UN HABITAT and other stakeholders. MoLH with support from MRCS and UNICEF will identify the best delivery routes and transport materials for temporary shelter and other NFIs to the affected areas. After referral and targeting of flood-affected populations from district teams and NGOs, DoDMA, UNICEF, and other UN agencies will provide NFIs (survival kits) Additional Personnel Requirements Government will call upon stakeholders if additional personnel are required. See Annex 4 for additional requirements Additional Material and Financial Requirements Transport and logistics costs will likely increase during a emergency scenario Collaborative Partners MoLH, DoDMA, other Government ministries, Local Authorities, MDF, MPS, MRCS, Habitat for Humanity, CCODE, UNICEF and other UN agencies, and relevant NGOs. 3.5 WATER AND SANITATION The Ministry of Water Development and Irrigation (MoWDI)is the lead ministry responsible for overall preparedness, emergency response and early recovery of the Water, Hygiene and Sanitation operation Overall Objective To prevent the outbreak of water-borne and water related diseases, such as cholera, measles, malaria and diarrhoeal diseases in areas affected by disasters Specific Objectives 1. To maintain access to safe water and hygiene to affected populations including the vulnerable populations 37

46 2. To provide temporary sanitation facilities that are gender-responsive for the affected populations equitably 3. To conduct hygiene education to populations affected by floods, dry spells and other disasters Definition of Affected In the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene sector, the term affected refers to those people whose situation increases their vulnerability to water related epidemics. This situation can arise following population displacement, disruption of water and sanitation facilities and services, or spontaneous spread of an epidemic. Host communities are also considered affected and vulnerable Emergency Preparedness and Capacity-Building Activities Activities Lead Agency 1. Update/maintain mapping of water sources in flood-prone and MoWDI, dry spell-prone areas including monitoring of rainwater MoH, MoE, quantity, surface water bodies level and ground water level. NGOs, UNICEF, DC When Ongoing 2. In collaboration with the Shelter and Camp Management cluster identify, assess, map out and publicise new sites recommended as safe for evacuation. 3. Identify and upgrade existing capacity of water and sanitation structures in areas likely to temporarily host displaced people. 4. Ensure all coordination structures (National Epidemic Committee, District Rapid Response etc) related to water and sanitation are established and operational with clear definitions of roles and responsibilities to ensure an appropriate and timely response. 5. Assist partners in disaster prone districts with WASH interventions. 6. Strengthen water and sanitation task forces at district level (include training/orienting district staff, extension workers, and local leaders). 7. Ensure all necessary supplies are procured/prepositioned/distributed minimum one month before the onset of the rainy season. 8. Train caregivers at CBCCs, NRUs, teachers in school feeding centres and communities to improve key hygiene behaviours. MoIWDI, NGOs, UNICEF, MoH, WHO, DC MoIWDI, NGOs, UNICEF, MoH, WHO, DC MoWDI, MoH, MoLGRD, UNICEF MoWDI, NGO, UNICEF, WHO MoWDI, NGO, UNICEF MoIWDI, MoH, UNICEF, MoWDI, MoH UNICEF, MoEST Nov-Dec 2012 Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing October Ongoing 38

47 Activities 9. Provide support to undertake hygiene education using participatory approaches such as Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) including hand washing with soap in communities with risk of cholera outbreaks and other water and sanitation related diseases. 10. Train 30 extension workers per district in disaster-prone areas using appropriate WASH checklist to determine potential risks through water contamination. 11. Provide support to districts to undertake cholera awareness campaigns before and during the rainy season. 12. Train/refresh Area Mechanics in the following districts Rumphi, Ntchisi, Dedza, Ntcheu, Balaka, Machinga, Zomba and Mulanje(five per TA) and Village Health & Water Committees (one per village) to properly operate, repair and maintain their water facilities and provide tools and spare parts. 13. Orient teachers from disaster-prone areas on preparedness in case of sudden influx of displaced people on their school premises. 14. Provide timely hydrological information for risks associated with water and sanitation and other potential risks 15. Conduct a WASH cluster stakeholders analysis 16. Conduct quarterly stakeholder cluster meetings Lead Agency MoWDI, MoH, UNICEF, WHO MoWDI, MoH, UNICEF, WHO MoWDI, MoH, UNICEF, WHO MoWDI, MoH, UNICEF, NGOs MoWDI, MoE, UNICEF MoWDI, MOH, UNICEF, DoCCMS, WHO, DoDMA MoWDI, DoDMA MoWDI/ UNICEF When November Ongoing Nov - May Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing November Emergency Response Activities Activities 1. Coordinate Government departments and UN Agencies, MRCS and relevant NGOs involved in the response and provide the necessary technical support in all issues related to WASH 2. Conduct regular stakeholder cluster meetings Lead Agency DoDMA, MoWDI, MoH, DC MoWDI, DoDMA, UNICEF When From the RA* Every week during the emergency 39

48 Activities 3. Conduct rapid assessment for water, sanitation and hygiene on affected population and determine the duration of the impact. 4. Mobilise plants (mobile water treatment plant and water tank truck) to affected areas. 5. Provide a minimum of 15 litres of safe water per person per day (Sphere Standards 2011) to the affected populations. 6. Construct temporary latrines (one latrine for every 20 persons) and hand washing facilities to provide adequate sanitation for displaced people and for those remaining in households in the disaster areas considering accessibility for the elderly and physically challenged in a camp situation. 7. Promote the construction of temporary latrines at household level 8. Conduct hygiene campaigns to promote good hygiene practices among the affected populations. Lead Agency MoWDI, MoH, NGOs 10, UNICEF, DC, WHO MoWDI, NGO, UNICEF, DC MoWDI, NGO, UNICEF MoWDI, MoH, NGOs UNICEF, WHO MoWDI, NGOs, UNICEF DoDMA, MoWDI, MoH When Within 48 hrs From the RA From the RA From the RA From the RA From the RA 9. Provide basic water, sanitation and hygiene supplies and equipment, which include chlorine/water purification tablets, plastic sheeting, and soap water testing kits( to the estimated 75,0000 house holds) MoWDI, UNICEF,NGOs From the RA 10. Provide at least 20 litre water storage buckets for each affected household 11. Provide spare part kits for immediate repair of water installations (hand pumps and springs) at institutional and community level. 12. Undertake sanitary surveys of contaminated drinking water sources 13. Ensure adequate water and sanitation facilities are available in places designated for learning and health services for affected population MoWDI, NGOs, UNICEF MoWDI, MoE, NGOs, UNICEF MoWDI, DoDMA, MoE UNICEF, WHO NGOs, DoDMA, UNICEF, MoWDI, DC From the RA From the RA From the RA From the RA 14. Carry out monitoring and evaluation of response activities Ongoing & at end of Emergency 10 These will be NGOs that are operating in the within or closest to the affected areas 40

49 Activities Lead Agency When Response 15. Provide feedback to stakeholders on response activities including response evaluation * RA= Rapid Assessment One month after End of Emergency Response Early Recovery Activities Activities 1. Provide affected households with a basic package of WASH (Water and Sanitation, Hygiene) supplies and train them on proper use and maintenance. 2. Promote the construction of permanent sanitation facilities at household level. 3. Mobilise and train additional area mechanics for routine water point operation and maintenance. 4. Provide technical support to prepare village level action plans for restoration 5. Provide safe water, hygiene and sanitation facilities in, institutions (schools CBCCs and health facilities), including provision of equipment and supplies for construction and repair of water system and latrines (pipes, pumps, construction tools and materials) 6. Conduct routine drinking water quality monitoring in the affected areas 7. Provision of new water points 8. Carry out general monitoring and evaluation 9. Conduct monthly cluster stakeholder meetings Lead agency MoWDI, MoH, DoDMA, NGOs MoH, NGO, MoWDI, UNICEF, NGOs MoWDI, MoH, UNICEF, DoDMA MoWDI, MoH, UNICEF MoWDI, MoH, UNICEF, WHO MoWDI, MoH, UNICEF, WHO, DC, NGOs MoWDI, DoDMA When Postdisaster Postdisaster Postdisaster Postdisaster Postdisaster Postdisaster Quarterly 41

50 3.5.7 Operational Constraints Inadequate/minimal funding from government to water sector for emergencies. Inappropriate donated resources to affected population Damage to road infrastructure can hamper access to affected areas and thus jeopardize proper and timely interventions. Ineffective operational funding mechanism to implement response within 48 hours Limited means of transport Ineffective communication systems Primary Stakeholder Roles and Responsibilities Ministry of Water Development and Irrigation is responsible for overall coordination of response activities. Monitoring of the water and sanitation situation will be carried out by the National Epidemic Committee, District Coordination Team (District Environmental Health Officers, Health Surveillance Assistants, District Water Officers, and Community Development Officers) and UNICEF and relevant NGOs. Other government line ministries and departments, in their respective capacity and mandate, will implement emergency operations as they may be assigned and report to the Ministry of Water Development and Irrigation. UN Agencies will help to mobilise resources and provide technical support for the activities. NGOs will help in mobilisation of resources and accelerating the implementation of the activities Additional Personnel Requirements To be determined following the assessment phase Additional Material and Financial Requirements See requirements vs. contingency stock in relevant Annex Collaborative Partners Ministry of Water Development and Irrigation, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Gender, Child and Community Development, Department of Surveys, District Councils, UNICEF and other UN agencies, MRCS, and relevant NGOs. 3.6 PROTECTION 11 The Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Welfare (MoGCSW) is the lead ministry responsible for overall preparedness, emergency response and early recovery for the Protection Cluster. The co-lead is UNICEF Overall Objective To protect all vulnerable groups from violence, sexual violence, exploitation, abuse and neglect during disasters and ensure that their human rights are respected Specific Objectives 11 Protection is defined by the IASC as encompassing all activities aimed at ensuring full respect for the rights of the individual in accordance with the letter and the spirit of the relevant bodies of law. i.e., human right law, international humanitarian law and refugee law. The IASC further notes that Human rights and humanitarian organizations must conduct these activities in an impartial manner (not on the basis of race, national or ethnic origin, language or gender). 42

51 1. To put in place measures (including training, monitoring, reporting and advocacy) for prevention of and management of violence such as sexual, emotional, physical and economic abuse, exploitation or neglect, in the affected communities. 2. To ensure that persons displaced by the emergency are treated in accordance with the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement. 3. To facilitate the protection, care and wellbeing of children, the elderly, those with severe disabilities, displaced and/or separated from caregivers as a result of the emergency. 4. To assist in locating those who are missing as a result of the emergency. 5. To ensure that all those who have suffered violence, or whose rights have been violated, have access to appropriate victim support services, and be assisted in seeking justice if they wish to do so. 6. To assist in the provision of psychosocial support and care to all who have been traumatised by the emergency. 7. To ensure all government ministries, UN agencies and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) involved in the emergency operations adhere to the Zero Tolerance Clause (Code of Conduct on Protection from Sexual Abuse and Sexual Exploitation). 8. To ensure the mainstreaming of protection issues in all other clusters. 9. To rehabilitate and train perpetrators of violence as change agents in GBV Definition of Affected The term affected refers to all those persons who are at risk of exploitation, violence, abuse or neglect as a result of a disaster, noting that in such emergency situations, those who are particularly at risk include displaced persons (whose houses have been destroyed or made inhabitable), children (especially orphans or separated or unaccompanied children, or those heading households, adolescent girls), women (especially pregnant or lactating women, and those heading households), the elderly, the chronically ill or injured or traumatized, persons living with HIV/AIDS, and persons who are physically or mentally challenged Emergency Preparedness and Capacity-Building Activities # Activities Lead Agencies When 1. Support the wide dissemination of UN Guidelines on Internal Displacement to humanitarian assistance providers. 2. Provide training for all humanitarian workers 12 and Civil Protection Committee members on prevention of sexual exploitation, gender-based violence and abuse in disaster prone districts. 3. Provide training for all child protection workers and national and district technical working groups (TWG) on protecting and assisting women and children in disaster prone districts. 4. Conduct trainings for service providers in disaster prone areas in psychosocial support. 5. Put in place a system to register all internally displaced persons and others affected by the emergency that includes identification of vulnerable individuals and those with special needs. 6. Ensure that the District Councils have systems in place (including their social welfare and community development offices) to assist those affected to locate missing relatives/friends/caregivers, and to identify, register and reunite those separated from their families, especially MoGCSW, UNHCR, UNICEF, DoDMA UNFPA, UN Women, MPS MGCSW, UNFPA, UN Women, DoDMA, Disability UNICEF, MGCSW, ILO, UN Women, MPS MGCSW, UNFPA, UN Women, UNICEF, DoDMA DoDMA, MoLGRD UNHCR, UN Women, POLICE,MRCS MGCSW, DC (including social welfare and District Council community On-going November and ongoing On-going On-going November November 12 Humanitarian workers are all those involved in relief activities during a disaster 43

52 children. development) 7. Ensure a system is in place for identifying and handling mortal remains. 8. Put in place a network of focal points in all disaster-prone districts, to monitor and provide information on protection concerns which may arise during an emergency 9. Establish a clearly defined mechanism for reporting and disseminating information about cases of human rights violations, abuse, exploitation or neglect 10. Conduct a mapping of victim support units for reporting and dealing with cases of rape and other forms of child and human abuse that put the victim at risk of HIV infection 11. Maintain an inventory of victim support services in disaster prone areas. POLICE, MoH, MRCS, UN Women, MGCSW, DoDMA, MRCS, UNICEF, UNRCO, POLICE, UN Women, WFP MGCSW, UNICEF, MHRC, UN Women, UNDP, POLICE, DoDMA, UNFPA, UNICEF, UNAIDS, UN Women, POLICE, DoDMA, UNFPA, UNICEF, UNAIDS, UN Women, 12. Preposition pep kits MoH, UNFPA, UNAIDS, UN Women, November Ongoing Ongoing November November November 13. Procure CBCC kits. UNICEF November 14. Advocate with relevant authorities so that persons who, as a result of the emergency, lost documentation (e.g., health passports, voter s registration cards, birth certificates, passports, school records, etc.) can have these replaced at minimal cost. 15. In cooperation with the Shelter and Camp Management Cluster, work to establish one stop centers and youth friendly health services in IDP camps to provide integrated service to victims of sexual and gender based violence (SGBV). 16. Disseminate messages and public education on risks of violence, STIs, HIV and AIDS and epidemics in emergency situations. 17. Review the contingency plans of all other sectors to ensure that they are using a protection lens, making recommendations as necessary. 18. Update who does what and where (stakeholder mapping) mapping of protection cluster Save the children, MGC, MPS, SW, UNICEF, UNHCR NRB, UN Women MGCSW, DoDMA, MRCS, UNICEF, UNFPA, UN Women UNAIDS, UNFPA, UN Women, NAC, MoH MGCSW, UNICEF, UN Women, UNHC DoDMA, UNRCO, MHRC, Disability, UN Women, MGCSW December On-going November, 2012 November Emergency Response Activities Activities Lead Agency 1 Participate in the multi-sector needs assessment. DoDMA, UNICEF, UNHCR UNFPA UN Women When During Emergencies 2 Activate the monitoring system to ensure that a) all displaced and affected persons are registered; b) systems are in place for locating missing people and reuniting separated children with their families; MoGCSW DoDMA UNICEF, UNHCR c) all persons affected (particularly the most vulnerable) have equal 44

53 access to basic services (food, shelter, health care, water and sanitation, education) and that persons are not being denied access to services because they have lost documentation (e.g., health passports); d) that cases of violence or human rights violations or abuses are reported; e) that there is coordinated response to prevent the abuse of women and children; f) that victims, including GBV victims, are receiving the assistance they require; and g) that humanitarian workers are adhering strictly to humanitarian standards and codes of conduct, including the zero tolerance clause on sexual exploitation and abuse. 3 Advocate for protection concerns consideration in other cluster responses. 4 Promote and support establishment of safe spaces (havens) for children and women and other vulnerable groups MoGCSW, UNHCR UNICEF UNICEF FBOs, MoE, MRCS, MDF 5 Establish focal points for protection of women and children in temporary camps that have been established as a result of and in response to disasters. MoGCSW UNICEF UNHCR DoDMA 6 Ensure coordinated response to prevent abuse and exploitation of children and women. MGCSW DoDMA, UNICEF MPS 7 Provide support to victims of abuse and exploitation. MGCSW DoDMA, UNICEF MPS 8 Sensitise local leaders, Civil Protection Committee members, communities, extension workers (including teachers) on preventing violence and abuse. MoGCSW UNICEF UNFPA 9 Establish temporary CBCCs in camps and provide emergency support to existing CBCCs. 10 Facilitate linkage to necessary HIV services as required: ART, PMTCT, Nutrition support, PEP 10 Provide messages and education talks on HIV and AIDS, including promoting safe sex, making deliberate efforts to reach women, girls and boys. * RA = Rapid Assessment MGCSW UNICEF UNFPA, MoH MoH UNFPA 45

54 3.6.4 Early Recovery Activities Activity 1 Support the rehabilitation of affected children (reunification with their caregivers, registration and screening for appropriate assistance) Lead Agency UNICEF 2 Provide continued support to CBCCs to normalise operations. UNICEF 3 Provide on going psychosocial counselling for victims of abuse and those in need of it. MoGCSW UNICEF UNFPA When When emergency occurs 4 Continue with public education and communication to promote behavior change among communities in disaster prone areas. 5 Continue provision of HIV related services and interventions to reach women, girls, boys and others. 6 Work with Health, HIV and Aids and Nutrition cluster and other stakeholders to continue to monitor the general situation on acute,moderate and severe malnutrition for at risk groups. MOH UNFPA UNICEF MGCSW, MoH, UNICEF, WFP, NGOs Operational Constraints Inadequate understanding of protection issues. Inadequate funding. Damage to road infrastructure can hamper access to affected areas and thus jeopardize proper and timely interventions. Communication problems for information flow from the affected areas to the institutions. Storage for cold chain products. Unavailability of supplies such as male and female condoms Poor coordination among key stakeholders. Lack of commitment among stakeholders Primary Stakeholder Roles and Responsibilities The Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Welfare is responsible for the social welfare in Malawi. They are operational in each district. The Ministry will deploy District Social Welfare Officers who will provide for the needs of those affected by the disaster. They keep records of OVC, build capacity and provide technical support to community-based organisations and committees whose main aim is child protection. The Malawi Police Service has 101 Victim-Support Units which include 34 VSUs at the main police stations and 67 VSUs at police posts and police units. These provide support to people who are stranded, and to women and children who have been abused. The units have transit centres for those in need of shelter for one night while searching for alternative shelter. The Units can respond fast if contacted. There are victim-support units in all main police stations in each district in Malawi. To supplement the existing 101 Victim-Support Units in the country, MGCSW in collaboration with development partners is supporting 300 CVSUs established at community level. A number of NGOs provide psychosocial support to all affected persons during emergency situations. UNICEF is the lead UN Agency in supporting issues related to protection of children. UNFPA is a lead Agency in the protection of Women and adolescent girls. UNAIDS leads in ensuring that HIV and Sexual violence issues are mainstreamed in humanitarian responses. UNHCR will support the cluster in line with its global protection cluster responsibilities, in particular in the event of large scale emergency. WFP is the lead agency in the distribution of food items. Add UN Women focus. 46

55 3.6.7 Additional Personnel Requirements To be determined following the assessment phase Additional Material and Financial Requirements See requirements vs. contingency stock in Annex 2. Note: There are over 300 HTC sites and most health facilities have been provided with PEP as part of the national HIV prevention programme. However, many PEP test kits go unused and consequently expire, largely due to reluctance to undergo emergency HIV testing. There is also need to ensure the availability of female and male condoms Collaborative Partners DoDMA, Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Welfare, Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Public Security, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Health, Malawi Police Service, UNICEF, UNFPA, UNAIDS and other UN agencies and relevant NGOs, FBOs, UNHCR, Malawi Red Cross Society. 47

56 3.7 EDUCATION The Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MoEST) is the lead ministry responsible for overall preparedness and emergency response of the Education operation Overall Objective The Education disaster response operation will ensure that teaching and learning sessions continue in all learning institutions in areas affected by disasters and that special attention will be given to learners with disabilities, those injured or traumatised by the disaster and other vulnerable children Specific Objectives 1. To ensure continuity of learning sessions in places affected by the disaster To provide safe spaces for learning, recreation, and psychosocial support. 2. To intensify awareness raising amongst teachers and communities on protecting child rights and preventing abuse in areas affected by disasters. 3. To sustain the school meals programme in targeted schools affected by disasters. 4. To make available teaching, learning and recreational materials. 5. To ensure that those who have lost certificates or school records as a result of the disaster can get them replaced at no, or for minimal, cost and that students who have been unable to take exams as a result of the disaster can get make-up exams so as not to lose a semester or a year of schooling Definition of Affected In the Education Sector, the term affected refers to those learners and teachers who are unable to participate in teaching and learning activities as a result of disasters Emergency Preparedness and Capacity-Building Activities # Activities Lead Agency 1 Identify stock and pre-position tents in warehouse. MoEST, DC, EDM, UNICEF, 2 Undertake mapping exercise to determine location of districts/schools that are at risk of becoming affected by disasters 3 Consolidate district mapping of schools at risk of becoming affected by disasters at national level WFP, MoEST UNICEF, DC MoEST/DC and EDMs When August October Nov 4 Procure school materials, teaching/learning kits for rapid distributions 5 Undertake mapping of education partners in emergency and what they do 6 Strengthen the capacity of partners involved in preparedness activities, in emergency response through trainings, exchange visit. 7 Sensitiseteachers, SMC/PTA and communities on prevention of child abuse in all districts prone to disasters. DoDMA, MoEST, UNICEF, FAWEMA MoEST, DC, UNICEF DoS, GIZ MoEST, DC, UNICEF, GIZ MoEST,UNIC EF,DoDMA, Ongoing Nov On going On going On going 8 Disseminate early warning information to teachers, learners, SMC/PTA and surrounding communities MoEST, UNICEF, DoDMA 48

57 9 Orient teachers and SMC/PTA from disaster prone areas on preparedness in case of sudden influx of displaced people on their school premises. MoEST, UNICEF, DoDMA/GIZ Oct-Nov Emergency Response Activities Activities Lead Agency 1. Mobilise partners and coordinate response. MoE, DoDMA DC 2. Conduct rapid assessment to identify the number, location of DoDMA, MoE, primary school boys/girls affected, and determine extent of UNICEF, WFP, damage to school structures. NGOs, DC 3. Provide and distribute teaching/learning materials and UNICEF,DC temporal learning space to affected schools. 4. Collaborate with school meal providers for displaced school children to ensure the programme continues. 5. Conduct awareness campaigns on child rights and prevention of abuse in areas affected by disasters. Collaborate with relevant stakeholders to provide services to abused learners 6. Ensure availability of latrines and washing facilities in schools In collaboration with WASH cluster MoEST, WFP, NGOs, UNICEF, EDEMs, NGOs, UNICEF, DC NGOs, MPS, MoGCSW, MoH,UNICEF, MoWD&I When Onset of crisis Within 72 hrs From RA From RA Ongoing Early Recovery Activities Activities 1. Assist the communities to undertake rehabilitation and repair of school structures damaged by disasters when conditions permit. 2. Re-establish the normal school programme for learning institutions. 3. Undertake regular monitoring to ensure learners attend classes and that teaching and learning takes place. Lead agency When MoEST MoEST MoEST 4. Promote resumption of life skills education. MoEST 5. Identify local volunteers to teach learners in times of emergency MoEST 6. Plant trees on school premises MoEST, Forestry Dept. 7. Address the NDPRC concerning the problem of student MoEST certificates or diplomas that are lost/ destroyed as a result of an emergency and the cost of replacing them 8. Advocate with the NDPRC the possibility of learners who missed the national examination because of an emergency to be administered a makeup exam. MoEST 49

58 3.7.8 Operational Constraints Inadequate financial, material and human resources. Damage to road infrastructure can hamper access to affected areas and thus jeopardize proper and timely interventions. Weakness in planning, communication and coordination among stakeholders. Reluctance by communities to participate in rehabilitation process Primary Stakeholder Roles and Responsibilities District Education Managers (DEMs) and District Information Officers are responsible for providing timely information on the effect of disasters in their respective districts. DEMs are also responsible for distributing learning materials as well as for coordination in creating alternative and temporary classroom space. EDM will be responsible for monitoring of the activities at division level WFP, UNICEF and other stakeholders are responsible for providing school meals, teaching and learning materials Additional Personnel Requirements To be determined after the assessment phase Additional Material and Financial Requirements See requirements vs. contingency stock Annex Collaborative Partners MoEST, DoDMA, DEMs, Ministry of Gender, Children and Development, UNICEF, WFP and other UN agencies, Save the Children and relevant NGOs. 3.8 TRANSPORT, LOGISTICS AND COMMUNICATION The Ministry of Transport and Public Infrastructure (MoTPI) is the lead ministry responsible for facilitating overall preparedness and emergency response of the Logistics operation Overall Objective To provide logistics support to all emergency response stakeholders in rendering warehousing and transport services of food, water, shelter and non-food items to populations affected by disasters, and when necessary assist with relocating people to safer ground Specific Objectives 1. To ensure basic communications are functioning at optimum level amongst all relevant stakeholders 2. To ensure availability and efficient operation of transport vehicles (e.g. motorbikes, trucks, helicopters, boats). 3. To ensure secure access routes are available for delivery of relief items. 4. To ensure accurate, timely and relevant information is provided to all stakeholders. 5. To secure entry ports and international routes for unhindered transportation of international assistance Definition of Affected In providing cross-cutting support, this cluster understands and responds to the term affected according to definitions specified by each programme sector Emergency Preparedness and Capacity-Building Activities Activities Lead Agency When 50

59 Activities Lead Agency When 1. Map areas which are at risk of being inaccessible due to damage of MoTPW, DoS, November infrastructure such as bridges or poor road conditions DoDMA 2. Ensure required logistic equipment including vehicles, radio network are available and in good working order. 3. Provide updated inventory of available transport, logistical and communication assets from all stakeholders. 4. Ensure detailed road maps with bridges highlighted are available. MoTPW, WFP, DoDMA,MDF MoTPW, MDF DoDMA MoTPW,DoS November November November Emergency Response Activities 1. Identify safe and secure delivery routes 2. Facilitate transportation of emergency relief items. 3. Ensure availability of strategic fuel reserves. 4. Make available necessary transport vehicles, including trucks, boats, helicopters and other means of transport such as motorcycles, bicycles, and carts as required for evacuation of the affected and their assets 5. Undertake emergency road & bridge repairs to provide temporary access to affected areas. 6. Call upon implementing partners as required, to assist with providing transport capacity and communication. 7. Provide Security to equipments and relief items Early Recovery Activities Lead Agency MoTPW, WFP, MDF, MPS, MRCS MoTPW, MoD, DoDMA, MDF MoTPW, MERA, MoNREE MoTPW, WFP, MoD, MPS, MDF MoAIWD MoD, MoTPW, MDF DoDMA, MoTPI, MoICE When Activity Lead Agency When 1. Assess damaged roads, bridges and telecommunication MoTPW, infrastructure. MDF As required 2. Rehabilitate/repair damaged roads, bridges and telecommunication infrastructure. MoTPW, MDF As required 51

60 3. Provide transport services to stakeholders as required. MoTPW As required 4. Provide warehousing facilities and or mobile storage units to stakeholders as required MoTPW As required Operational Constraints Inadequate funding for logistics support, i.e. transport fleet, fuel, maintenance, storage facilities etc. Delays in accessing funds for activities during emergencies Delayed reports from the district councils or municipalities to DoDMA Delayed communication from DoDMA to the cluster Damage to transport and communication infrastructure Primary Stakeholder Roles and Responsibilities Ministry of Transport and Public Works As the lead ministry, oversees the yearly development and update of the Logistics component of the National Contingency Plan. During an emergency, MoTPW coordinates, facilitates and participates directly in preparedness and response activities. World Food Programme (WFP) As lead UN agency, assists with preparedness and response interventions upon request from the Government, primarily providing direct land, air and water transport support in cooperation with other UN agencies and NGOs Additional Personnel Requirements To be determined after the assessment phase Additional Material and Financial Requirements All humanitarian relief stakeholders are to provide a list of all logistics equipment and assets available that could be deployed in the event of an emergency. A list of focal persons and designated alternates should be provided indicating job titles and telephone numbers for contacting during and after work hours Collaborative Partners MoTPW, DoDMA, other Government ministries and departments, District Councils, MDF, MPS, WFP, UNICEF, other UN agencies, MRCS and relevant NGOs. 52

61 ANNEXES 53

62 54

63 Item Unit Requirements 5,000 pple (A) Min. Stock (B) Qty in Stock (UNICEF) (C) Unit Price (UNICEF Prices) (D) (USD) Remarks Resource Gap (Minimum Stock) (C-B) = E Resource gap at 5,000 (C-A) = F Funding Gap (USD) Minimum Stock = (E*D) Funding gap 5000 = (F*D) ANNEX 1: HEALTH AND NUTRITION STOCKS HEALTH Blanket, wool-blend, Ea 8, blankets per in patient for a minimum of 800 cholera 0-3, , x 200cm patients IV giving sets Each 10, Two IV giving sets per patient for a minimum of , ,408 cholera patients Cholera beds Ea Buffer stock for 10% of 800 cases ,400 52, Cotton wool, 500g, roll, non-sterile Ea For cholera patients or other relief activities in community. 1*500gm roll for 40 patients Doxycycline 100mg tabs Pac / Treatment of cholera in emergency situation for 800 tabs patients - 40 tabs per patient (minus children and pregnant women) Erythromycin 250mg Tabs Pac/ Treatment of cholera, scabies and eye infections in children and pregnant women, Gloves,exam,latex,medium, disp/box , , 540 Box 1, Treatment of cholera, scabies and eye infections in emergency situation. Minimum of 5 pairs per patient per day for 5 days for 800 patients -50-1, ,080 Liters 25,000 4,000 41, For treatment of 800 cholera cases (5 liters per patient) Oral rehydratation salts, 1 liter S/Carton 1000 Sodium Lactate Comp. in 500ml Liters 30,000 4,800 6, For treatment of 800 cholera cases (6 liters per patient) 0-23, , 113 W/G.SET/Box - 20 Ringers Lactate [1 litre] litres 50, ,240 71, 760 Tape, Adhesive, Perforated, Ea To treat cholera during an emergency situation (@ cm x 5m 20cm per patient each treating 25 patients) Plastic basins Ea basins per treatment centre, minimum of treatment centers Tents (24Sq.m Ea % of treatment centres, 1 tent per treatment centre ,000 Tents (72sq.m EA % of treatment centres, 1 tent per treatment centre , Plastic black sheeting (rolls) Rolls roll per camp Chlorine (tins 70% HTH, 50kg/tin) kgs Chlorine for both case management and household , This cost can be reduced by using existing stocks in the different districts. 14 Savings can be made on this line item by making use of existing tents in the district hospitals from previous responses. 55

64 Item Unit Requirements 5,000 pple (A) Min. Stock (B) Qty in Stock (UNICEF) (C) Unit Price (UNICEF Prices) (D) (USD) Remarks Resource Gap (Minimum Stock) (C-B) = E Resource gap at 5,000 (C-A) = F Funding Gap (USD) Minimum Stock = (E*D) Funding gap 5000 = (F*D) water treatment Plastic Bucket with tap, 20 liters Ea For cholera patients or other relief activities at community. 1 bucket per treatment centre; 100 treatment centres for the 800 cholera in- patients Plastic Bucket, liters Ea For distribution at institutions (clinics, schools, etc.) Assumption 5 schools affected per district and 1 HC making a total of 84 institutions. Plastic Buckets 5-10 Litres with lid Ea For cholera patients or other relief activities at community. (Assuming 100 camps with min 4 beds per camp and needs 2 buckets for stool disinfection) Plastic Cups Ea , For cholera patients or other relief activities at community Albendazole Tab/pac100 2, De worming in flood affected areas. 1 tablet required -80-2, , per person. Using a most likely scenario where 45,000hh are affected, minimum requirement for 10,000 people. Mosquito nets Ea , , 500 Total 33, , Available at the Central Medical Stores, Please note that the price may have changed slightly. 56

65 NUTRITION ReSoMal, 42g/sachets F-100 Therapeutic Diet, 1146g/sachet F-75 Therapeutic Diet, 102.5g/sachet Carton/ 100 Sachets Carton/ 90sachet s Carton/1 20sachet s For treatment of severely malnourished children under five in NRUs (0.40 sachets per treatment) For treatment of severely malnourished children under five in NRUs ( 4 sachets per treatment) For treatment of severely malnourished children under five in NRUs (12 sachets per treatment) , , , 083 9,180 58, , , , 987 RUTF CAR For treatment of severely -4, , , 865 1, 093, 600 malnourished children under five in NRUs 12.5kg per treatment Total 287, ,

66 ANNEX 2: REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH STOCKS Sexual Reproductive Health Contingency (UNFPA) Stocks Items Unit Requirement Description Condoms Kit 2 Caters for 20,000 people for 6 months Male and female condoms Clean delivery kits Kit 2 Caters for 20,000 people for 6 months Delivery kits Rape Treatment Kit 2 Caters for 20,000 people for 6 months PEP &Emergency Contraceptives STI Kits Kit 2 Caters for 20,000 people for 6 months PEP Kits Kit 2 Caters for 20,000 people for 6 months Training and Kit 2 Caters for 20,000 people for 6 months Training Materials Administration UNFPA will make these commodities available once an emergency response has been triggered. 58

67 (USD) (USD) Item Unit Requirements for 75,000 households Min. Stock Qty in Stock Remarks Unit Price Resource gap for Flood HH Resource gap for Dry spells HH Resource gap for disease Outbreak people Funding gap for Earth quake HH Funding gap ANNEX 3: WATER AND SANITATION REQUIREMENTS &STOCKS WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION *Based on most likely case scenario for all five disasters which affect a total of 158,000 except Strong wind WASH will target 75,000 HH equivalent to 375,000 people 75,000 41,275 22,750 10,000 7,500 Chlorine (HTH) in 50 kg Drums. Drum Soap, 500g / bar. Bars 375, ,000 1 Water treatment at community level. 1 drum of 45 kg is adequate for 200 households for 30 days For distribution at institutions (clinics, schools, 5 bars per hh per 30 days $ 9,819 $ 201,375 $ 5,188 $ 108,750 $ 45,000 $ 2,000 $ 1,375 $ 32,500 18, ,625 Plastic Sheet Black Roll 40m x 4m x 150 Micron Roll 7, For construction of temporary shelter and sanitation facilities. (10 hh per roll) $ 201,375 $ 108,750 $ 45,000 $ 32, ,625 Spare parts for repair of hand pumps Kit 1, Each kit contains 8 brush bearing sets (4 inner and 4 outer) 4 O- rings, 4 U-seals, 11 extra rod centralizers and 70 m of nylon rope $ 12,383 $ 6,825 $ 3,000 $ 2,250 24,458 Water guard liquid 150 mls each 225, each bottle of liquid water guard is estimated to last for 30 days per HH based on 3 litres per person per day for drinking only $ 29,456 $ 15,563 $ 6,000 $ 4,125 55,144 59

68 Water Guard wa Ufa / 4g sachets Water Tank, Collapsible, 10m3, with distribution kit Carton/2 40 sachets 8, Each , Water purification for distribution on institutional level (clinics, schools, etc.). Minimum of 1 sachets per household per day for one week (to last 4 wks) For clean water storage and distribution at institutions (clinics, schools, etc.) $ 72,231 $ (373) $ 39,813 $ (2,225) $ 17,500 $ (3,500) $ 13,125 $ (3,750) 142,669-9,848 Latrine slabs Mobile water treatment plant 5,000 litres plus accessories eg treatment chemicals Water Bowser trucker 6,000 litres 20 litre plastic buckets with lid and tap number number number number litre jerricane or equivalent number , ,0 00 For construction of temporary toilets in camps. 20 people per toilet. capital & running and maintenance cost intensive plants capital & running and maintenance cost intensive plants Each hh is provided one bucket for safe storage of water each HH is provded one jerican for collection and transportation of water $ 1,007 $ 244,650 $ (3,933) $ 133,500 $ (7,333) $ 57,000 $ (8,000) $ 42,000-18, ,150 $ 206,375 $ 113,750 $ 50,000 $ 37, ,625 Total $ 978,298 $ 525,979 $ 214,667 $ 153,625 $1,872,569 Disasters may not strike at the same time there is need to establish how may of these would be needed depending on the scenarios! 60

69 Item Unit Requiremn ts for 3000 hhs Quantity in Stock Unit Price (USD) Resource gap at 3000 hhs Fundng gap (USD) ANNEX 4: EMERGENCY SHELTER AND CAMP MANAGEMENT STOCKS Emergency Shelter and Camp Management (MRCS Stocks) Tents (x 50 people) Ea , Family Tents (x5 people sleeper) Ea 2, , ,487, Tarpaulin (5x4 m) Ea 6, , Mosquito Nets Ea 9, ,714 29, Kitchen Sets pots, pans, utensils Set 3, , Jerry Cans (20 l) Ea 3, , Blankets pcs , Shelter tool Kits pcs Total 3,201, Note: When a major disaster that requires international assistance occurs, IFRC and other National Partner Societies usually activate their response plans through the Disaster Relief Emmergency Fund (DREF) which deploy a team of experts and additional response stocks to the country. Also note that the Unit prices are when bought in Malawi. 61

70 Item Unit Requirement s for 27,000 children Min. Stock Qty in Stock Unit Price (USD) Remarks Resource gap at 27,000 children Funding gap t (USD) ANNEX 5: BASIC EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS AND STOCKS BASIC EDUCATION School-in-a-box kit Kit One pre-packed kit per 80 children. Each kit contains pencils, ruler, chalk, pens, carrier bags, posters, crayons, wooden clock, flip charts, wooden cubes, measure tape, markers and scissors. Recreation Kits Kit Each kit contains 1 UNICEF cap, 2 UNICEF decals, 1 UNICEF Tee shirt, 2 Footballs, 4 Frisbees, 4 Hopscotch games, 20 Tabards, 2 volleyballs, 5 Handballs, 2 Inflating kits, 1 Lockable storage, 1 Powdered chalk, 2 Referee whistles, Tape measures, 2 Students slates, 100 Chalk, 1 UNICEF bag, 1 Volleyball net, Skipping ropes, 6 Pickets with flags, Sponge rubber balls.1 box caters for 500 children. Tent, Large, Rectangular, 72m2 Set Each tent to accommodate between children. Minimum of 1 tent per school for 54 schools , ,500 Total 250,640 62

71 Item Unit Requirement s for 55,000 HHs Quantity in Stock Unit Price (USD) Resource gap at 55,000 hhs Item Unit Requirements for 85,000 hhs Quantity in Stock (WFP) Quantity in Stock (Other agencies) Unit Price (USD) Resource gap at 85,000 hhs Funding gap (USD) ANNEX 6: NFIS AND AGRICULTURE INPUTS REQUIREMENTS & STOCKS WFP Mobile Storage Warehouses Ea , ,600 Generator to power mobile storage Ea , , 000 units Total 105,600 WFP mobile warehouses are supplementary to MRCS shelters structures, for which they have the primary responsibility. WFP mobile storage shelters are located in Lilongwe. MOAIWD AND FAO Maize Seed 3 kg bags 165mt , Fertilisers 20 kg bags 1100 mt , Legume Seed 3 kg bags 165 mt , Sweet potato vines 50 kg bags by volume 110,000 (50kg bags) , De-wormers Doses 272, , Cassava Bundles Bundles 275, , Treadle pumps 1, , Small stock inputs Total 1,948, NOTES ON AGRICULTURE: MoAIWD, FAO and other NGOs will respond to flooding, dry spells and storms by ensuring that productive capacity in term of inputs and knowledge of the affected HHs are restored and sustained for future livelihoods. Other than focusing on distributing maize seed and fertilisers, Agriculture diversification initiatives will also be explored. Livestock development and animal health in particular shall receive priority in those areas where livestock is a major livelihood activity. MoAIWD, FAO and other NGOs will work with an estimated 55,000 HHs. 63

72 Item Unit Requirements for 55,000 hhs (3 months) Requirements for 55,000 hhs(5months) Qty in Stock DoDMA Stocks Resource gap at 55,000 hhs(3 months) Resource gap at 55,000 hhs(5 months) Total Costs at 50,000 (USD) Total Costs at 85,000 (USD) ANNEX 7: FOOD REQUIREMENTS AND STOCKS WFP Cereals mt Pulses mt Veg.Oil mt Total mt Total costs at fully cost recovery include: food commodities costs, LTSH (transport, storage and handling) and other direct operational costs. Ration per Household per month (according to the Sphere Standards): MAIZE: 50 kg BEANS / PULSES: 5 kg VEG. OIL: 2 litres (1.85 kg) Pre-positioning of food commodities: Based on food needs for the contingency plan, food shall be either sourced locally or regionally. The WFP extended delivery points (EDPs) in Lilongwe and Blantyre will be used to preposition food commodities. However, depending on the location of local purchase and whether the targeted areas closer to the site of purchase, food will be sourced on Free Carrier basis to allow for direct deliveries. Also depending on the size of the operations and the food requirements, WFP will establish up to six additional EDPs in districts most heavily affected for quicker prepositioning and distribution. 64

73 ANNEX 8: GUIDELINES FOR FOOD DISTRIBUTION Principles Description Implications for Food Distribution Fairness Rations and food allocations are based on an objective assessment of the need and are distributed according to agreed criteria Food Basket monitoring of the receipt of agreed rations (qualitative and quantitative information is collected) Accountability to beneficiaries Coordination and accountability to donors, governments, implementing partners and within WFP Transparency Respect Distribution system is sensitized to the social, ethnic, political divisions within the affected population. Aid is distributed promptly: adequate systems and plans should be in place to facilitate quick response to any crisis to save lives and/or prevent migration. Standards of accountability when working with beneficiaries are respected Humanitarian workers conduct is done in a responsible manner. WFP must work in the framework of established UN coordination mechanism and with donors and governments and IP. Regular reporting and analysis of quantity of food distributed and number of beneficiaries Information about foods rations, method and timing of distribution is widely disseminated The food programme should maintain a normal community/family environment and it recognizes the physical and psychological vulnerability of those being assisted. All politically, economically and/or socially marginalized are entitled to and receive their food rations with no discrimination. Establishment of beneficiary food committees to elicit their views on distribution and any complaints Monitoring during and post distribution by the Government, WFP, and NGO implementing partners. Beneficiaries are allowed to weigh their food ration at the end of the distribution process Information campaign on humanitarian workers responsibilities vis-à-vis beneficiaries. Regular and accurate monitoring and reporting WFP initiates and participates in Food Aid Committees Minimize losses and diversions Simple distribution methods Beneficiaries, IPs and local authorities are involved in the design of the distribution system. Population and partners are kept informed of any problems in food supply, changes in rations and delays. Specifically designed to preserve the dignity and self-respect of every beneficiary. 65

74 ANNEX 9: TIMELINE FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE Specific Actions and Timeline for Emergency Response Period Priority Action Responsible Location Update and develop Disaster DoDMA 16, UNDAF Lilongwe Contingency Plan Cluster 2 Technical Working Group (UN and MRCS) and other Humanitarian Partners Mobilize the necessary resources DoDMA, UN Lilongwe Pre-Disaster Period Imminent Disaster 48 Hours for emergency relief Pre-position humanitarian aid resources to disaster prone areas Establish Assessment Teams Ensure availability of logistical support for evacuation, rescue and delivery plan which can be efficiently accessed as necessary. Plan possible air support operation. Avail the necessary resources for emergency relief and recovery Alert DoDMA on early warning indicators for disasters Alert vulnerable population and prepare evacuation if need arises Initiate a joint crisis management group Notify DoDMA of disaster events as they develop Issue initial situation report on the emergency situation Inform communities in disaster risk areas as they develop Conduct joint assessments, provide recommendations on response required Determine if Flash Appeal needed and begin preparation; Request agencies, MRCS, DoDMA, UNICEF, WFP MRCS, DoDMA, UN agencies, MRCS WFP, DoDMA, MDF Donors DoCC&MS,MoIWD, DoGS, MoH, MoAIWD, FEWSNET, MVAC, District councils District councils, DoDMA with support of Humanitarian Partners on the ground. DoDMA, Humanitarian partners District Councils, NGOs and other humanitarian partners on the ground DoDMA, District Councils DoDMA and District authorities DoDMA, District Councils, UN, MRCS and other partners on the ground. UNRCO, DoDMA High risk areas Lilongwe Lilongwe/ Disaster-prone areas Lilongwe Lilongwe/disasterprone areas Flood-prone areas Lilongwe Affected districts Lilongwe, affected districts Disaster-risk areas Disaster-affected areas Lilongwe 16 The responsible lead ministry/agency is listed first where there are more than one involved. 66

75 Period Priority Action Responsible Location CERF allocation if required, First Week depending on assessment results Deliver initial assistance. Conduct rescue operations if needed. Convene a meeting of a joint crisis management group or the National Disaster Preparedness and Relief Committee to ensure coordinated response Identify needs in all sectors. Circulate information to relevant actors. Revise sectoral Disaster Contingency Plan using updated information and prepare sector response plan Mobilize additional resources to address the emerging sectoral needs. DoDMA, UN agencies, MRCS, MDF, MPS DoDMA DoDMA, Ministries and Departments, Partners DoDMA, UNDAF Cluster 2 Contingency Planning Team, Humanitarian Partners DoDMA, Humanitarian Partners Flood areas Lilongwe Lilongwe, affected districts Lilongwe Lilongwe, affected districts 67

76 ANNEX 10: REPORT FOR CENTRALLY-DEPLOYED RAPID ASSESSMENTS TEAMS Introduction Situation Analysis: Explain what triggered the assessment mission (early reports from the DC, etc, degree of damage reported Objective of the assessment Indicate when the assessment was undertaken Indicate how the assessment was carried out (approach / tools used) and composition of the assessment team Key Assessment Findings Highlight key finding by sector: agriculture and food security, education, nutrition and health, environment, water and sanitation, public infrastructure (including communication and accessibility issues) Indicate how people and their livelihoods have been affected Highlight issues likely to worsen the situation in the near future (e.g. more flooding / outbreak of water-borne diseases such as cholera) Highlight contingency measures that were in place before the flooding Highlight response measure already undertaken by different stakeholders including time and adequacy of resources made available Highlight the response gaps that need to be filled Highlight measures undertaken by the affected communities linked to access to different amenities 3.0 Key Assessment Recommendations Provide key recommendation (actions to be taken now by whom, actions to be taken in the future by whom) Type of assistance Period of assistance 4.0 Conclusion Provide an overall statement / remarks about the situation 68

77 ANNEX 11: DISTRICT LEVEL ASSESSMENT REPORT FORMS Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 Part 5 - Part 6 - General Description of Disaster and the Area Affected Numbers of People Immediately Affected Survival and Immediate Recovery Needs of Affected Households Conditions at Temporary Shelter Site Technical Assessment Report Damage and Impact in Key Sectors Oxfam s General Checklist for Food Security Assessments 69

78 Initial Assessment Report - Part 1 General Description of Disaster and Area Affected Region: South / Centre / North Traditional Date of Authority (TA): District report: Type of disaster: Flood / Strong Winds / Disease outbreak / Earthquake / Dry spells/ Other, specify: Date and time of occurrence: Description of disaster and its effects (on houses, crops, water supplies, sanitation, health, infrastructure, etc.): Area affected Group TA Village Village Part 2 Report attached (Yes/No) Part 3 Part 4 Remarks Signed: (name) (signature) This form may be used at: (a) TA level to summarize information for the TA; and 70

79 (b) district level, to summarize information for the district, deleting the TA item at the top 71

80 Initial Assessment Report - Part 2 Numbers of People Immediately Affected Traditional Group Date of Authority (TA): village: Village: report: Number of Households Number of Individuals Impact Total malehead ed femal e- head ed childhead ed Total men wome n Total population childre n <5 yrs Number of deaths and injuries -- confirmed dead / / / / -- feared dead / / / / -- hospitalized / / / / -- other injured / / / / Number of homeless -- house destroyed/not repairable, no second house -- staying with relatives -- in temporary shelters -- number of days since they left their homes: Number whose crops are damaged/lost -- crop totally destroyed -- crop 50% lost -- which crops affected and whether immediate replanting is possible: Number not included above but who have lost their means of livelihood / have no means of support -- (specify occupation) --elderly persons / / / / / alone --disabled persons / / / / / alone --unaccompanied / / / / child Signed: (name) (signature) (GV head) 72

81 (Agriculture FA) (Health - HSA) (Community Dev - CDA) (Primary school teacher) Verification: If any figures are not available, put n/a, do not leave blank. This form to be completed by local teams of extension workers with the GV Head and in collaboration with local Red Cross personnel and NGO representatives. 73

82 Initial Assessment Report - Part 3 Survival and Immediate Recovery Needs of Affected Households (HH) Traditional Group Date of Authority (TA): village: Village: report: Relief Item Quantity Number of Total Remarks per HH HHs required Food for HH who have lost food stocks and/or crops and have no means to acquire food in the immediate future quantities are for an initial distribution for about 1 month; further distributions will depend on more refined assessment and possibilities of the households benefiting from safetynet and/or food-for-work activities -- Maize/maize flour -- Beans -- Salt -- LikuniPhala Shelter and domestic necessities for households whose houses have been destroyed and who were unable to save their essential items quantities are for a one-time distribution (for people in temporary shelters, record needs on Part-4 not here) -- Plastic sheeting 10 m -- Blankets 2 -- Plastic pails 1 -- Plastic plates 4 -- Cooking 1 set pots/utensils -- Soap Inputs for immediate (re)planting seeds for households whose crops have been destroyed and whose gardens can be immediately replanted handtools for households whose tools have been lost -- Maize seeds -- Bean seeds -- Sweet potato vines -- Cassava cuttings -- Rice seed -- Vegetable seeds -- Hand tools Inputs for water and sanitation 74

83 -- water purification tablets -- disinfectant People s own perspectives and priorities: Signed: (name) (signature) This form may be used by local-level assessment teams (extension workers, GVHs, Red Cross + NGOs) and/or by the Area DMT 75

84 Initial Assessment Report - Part 4 Conditions at Temporary Shelter Site Traditional Group Date of Authority (TA): village: report: / / District: Location: Date people arrived: Type of shelter: School / Church / Other (specify) / / Number of Households Number of Individuals Total Males females Total malehead ed femal e- head ed childhead ed >60 yrs 5-60 yrs <5 yrs >60 yrs 5-60 yrs Number from within the TA <5 yrs Number from outside the TA Shelter and domestic necessities for households whose houses have been destroyed and who were unable to save their essential items quantities are for a one-time distribution Familie s with Familie s without Quantity per HH -- Shelter material 10 m -- Blankets 2 -- Plastic pails 1 -- Plastic plates 4 -- Cooking pots/utensils -- soap Water availability: -- drinking water -- water for washing, etc. Sanitation conditions: -- latrines -- general environment Accessibility of site: 1 set Quantity required Remarks 76

85 Prospects for people to return home: Signed: (name) (signature) (GV head) (Agriculture FA) (Health - HSA) (Primary school teacher) 77

86 Technical Assessment Report Part 5 Damage and Impact of the Disaster in Key Sectors Region: South / Centre / North Traditional Date of Authority (TA): District report: Type of disaster: Flood / Strong Winds / Disease outbreak / Earthquake / Dry spells/ Other, specify: Date and time of occurrence: Sector 17 Damage / current situation / risks 18 Action / rehabilitation requirements 19 Health and health services signed: (DHO) Water supplies (a) boreholes signed: (Water O) Water supplies (b) shallow wells and gravity systems signed: (DEHO) Environme ntal sanitation 17 Reports on each sector are to be provided by the responsible line officers to their own departments and supervisors with a copy simultaneously to the DA-CEO. The DPD will compile the comprehensive report for the District. 18 The description of damage/the current situation should be concise and include figures where available. 19 Rehabilitation requirements should be specific and include cost estimates where possible. 78

87 signed: (DEHO) Agriculture signed: (RDP-PO) Livestock signed: (RDP-PO) Schools and education signed: (PEM) Flood control & irrigation infrastruct ure signed: (Water O) Roads and bridges signed: (Works O) Electricity supply Telecomm uni-cations 79

88 Railways, ports, etc. 80

89 Part 6: General Food Security Checklist (Oxfam) General Checklist for Emergency Food Security and Livelihoods Needs Assessments (This checklist is useful for use at the district level) A) Checklist for general emergency context: General emergency information puts into context the current emergency and demonstrates the limitations of the working environment as well as frame the conditions experienced by the affected population. What are the chronic factors which have resulted in an underlying vulnerability of the population (political, economic, social, natural) What is the health environment? What event(s)/shock(s) happened which have had an acute impact on food security? What is the geographical area affected? Who is affected and what is the total population affected? What are the demographic and social characteristics of the population? What is the local/national capacity to respond? How secure / stable is the area? Checklist / key areas Sources of Collection method information Geographical location Gathering secondary Climate and seasons Web sites Information through: Physical Environment Maps Interviews with Key Physical access by UN reports Representatives: road/rail/sea/air Physical infrastructure Political Context Ministry of disaster response Ministry of social affairs Academic institutions Local political structures Academics International relations Oxfam staff and partners Government Infrastructure & Donor reports services Security of affected population Local staff Searching web sites Access for relief personnel Inter-agency meetings Newspaper articles / radio Access for bulk relief commodities 81

90 Affected population Numbers Demographic breakdown Ethnic and social divisions, gender Social cohesion/leadership structure Health and nutrition status Census data and reports From UN, agencies and government Poverty indicators Meeting with other agencies B)Check list on the food access & availability: Understanding the food access and availability helps determine whether the main factor limiting food security is not having food in the area (availability) or people don t have the means to get hold of food (access). By knowing this and understanding the severity it is possible to suggest whether food or an alternative is a most appropriate response. Food stocks How much food is stored by the Government in the area? (e.g. in government grain reserves) How much food has been stored in the household? how much food lostof damaged? What assistance (if any) is needed in normal times? It is important to note that in many poor countries, people are chronically food and/or cash deficit even in non-crisis times and may regularly receive emergency and/or development assistance. When are stocks at the highest and lowest? Production What are the main production systems in the area? What are the normal seasonal fluctuations in food availability? What are the main crops produced within the area and at what times? What is the level of production for these main crops? How has production (harvests, pasture, livestock) changed compared to normal? What other foods are available? Wild foods? To what extent will they enable the population to meet their requirements? Imports/exports Where are the main markets? What are the usual sources of food in the market and what is it now? How much food is likely to be imported into and exported out of the area? How has availability of food in the markets changed? What are the national and local market mechanisms? Market prices 82

91 How have the prices of basic commodities changed compared to normal for the time of year? Type of information needed and likely sources for a description of food availability Checklist / key areas Sources of information Collection method Normal food supply Production systems and mechanisms National statistics Reports Key Representative s Agriculture, fishing, livestock Maps MoAIWD Regional differences Cropping calendars Ministry of commerce Seasonal variation Government subsidies/ policies etc Academic institutions Other agencies Market systems Food & cash crop imports & exports Transport networks Market prices of key commodities Government policies Early Warning Systems Market traders As above C) Checklist for identifying livelihood groups. Not everybody is the same. Therefore we need to group men and women into clusters that most accurately represent the risks they commonly face and the sources of food and income they commonly share. This can be taken a stage further by determining the wealth groups. The reason for this is that individuals or families clustered into each of these groups are likely to have been affected in the same way and thus the response will likely be the same. Between groups it is likely the shock has affected them differently and the responses could be different What are the main sources of food and income within the affected population as a whole? What are the risks that the affected population experiences? (dry spells, inflation, attack, insecurity, HIV / AIDS). Does everyone in the affected population have the same main source of food or can the population be sub-divided into different groups? Do different sections of the affected population face different risks? Are population groups with similar sources of food and income living in the same geographical area, or are they separated geographically? 83

92 Are other factors such as insecurity, risk of attack, displacement, more important determinants of people's food and income sources than livelihood type? What are the criteria used to determine the different wealth groups? D) Checklist for coping strategies Coping strategies are the ways in which people respond to a loss in their normal entitlements. The degree and length of the coping strategies will depend on the severity of the shock and the resources/capitals available to the individuals or households. The gap between not being able to meet their basic needs or recover assets determines the degree in which we need to intervene. Which food & income sources are the same after the shock? Which have reduced? Which have increased? Are there any new sources of food & income? What factors make people vulnerable in non-crisis times? Are some people marginalized on the basis of ethnicity, religion, occupation, or area of residence? How do people work to overcome their vulnerability? What coping strategies do they use (selling assets, borrowing from relatives, eating wild foods, skipping meals, sending household members away to find employment, migrating with the entire household, seeking assistance from relief centres, etc.) Following the information gathering on changes in food and income sources, its best to ask a general question such as: "what else did you do in response to food shortages?". This should elicit responses on a range of strategies, but if not, try and probe about: Changes in food intake (reduction in number and volume of meals, switch to a cheaper staple, etc) Migration (migration of one household member for work, migration of whole families, changes in livestock migration patters) Calling in favours from relatives (sending child to stay with them, loan of milking cow) Taking out greater loans than normal Selling assets which are essential to way of life to this livelihood group Changes in agricultural practice (to less labour intensive crops, or those with shorter cycles) Also how long they can continue each coping strategy for? How viable/reversible are the strategies? E) Checklist for Nutritional status: After a sudden impact shock, poor water, bad health environment and inadequate access to appropriate food can quickly resort to high malnutrition especially in children. 84

93 Understanding the change in the status of nutrition in children reflects generally on the nutritional status of the population. What are the health centre admission figures? Have other agencies (including UN) recent nutritional information? How do you describe the condition of the children? Can you conduct a MUAC of a random sample of children? Can mothers identify changes in the nutritional status of the children? Have changes in nutritional status resulted from lack of sufficient and food? What is the basic weekly food basket? F) Checklist for markets existence and functioning Markets have a profound affect on the poor population. They shape many of the poor peoples lives and need to be included in analysis. Are shops trading? Which are trading? What are the prices of basic commodities? How has the market environment been affected by the shock? What services do the markets provide? How have the services been affected? Are shops able to increase their stock? What time frame? What constraints are women and men facing to access goods & services from market? Which groups have better access to the goods and services in the market? How have prices changed? G) Checklist for impact on livelihood system. The livelihood system is very complex in most cases, but it important to understand all sources of food an income that might be derived from non-farm activities. What were the main sources of food and income? How has the shock affected the main sources of food and income? To what extent are people in each of the wealth groups (if wealth groups can be identified) able to preserve their livelihood assets during a non-emergency period? Note that in some places people may be chronically poor such that even without a clearly defined hazard they are progressively losing access to resources from one year to the next. Without some form of support they may soon have lost all of their productive assets and face the risk of falling below the minimum survival threshold. Have you been forced to incur any debt? How much and too whom? What are the regular selling prices of items sold by households? How quickly can the sources of food and income recover and return to normal for the livelihood groups? What can be done to protect the livelihood system from future events? What resources are needed to return to normal? How has livelihood systems in the past been able to cope?what has changed? How has population size affected the fragility of the livelihood system? 85

94 H) Checklist for assessing future changes. By understanding the future changes we can estimate future affects to peoples recovery or vulnerability. It makes us ahead of the evidence. Major events in the future that may change peoples access to food or income? Is it possible to do a seasonal calendar? How do people respond to fluctuating market dynamics? Are they in danger of not being able to afford basic items if prices rise suddenly and dramatically? How will men and women deal with debt accumulated as a result of the shock? I) Checklist for External response to emergency so far: By knowing what others are doing in the affected area we can determine the gaps still not covered. What is the government doing to address the situation (capacity and interest)? What are commercial traders doing to address deficits in food production? What UN, local and international agencies are present/operational in the affected area? What are donors doing and expecting? Have there been any joint / collaborative assessments? How accessible (physical and security) is the affected population? Who is being left out? What are the views on how the situation will evolve? J) Recommendations 86

95 ANNEX 12: CONTACT LISTS GOVERNMENT AND DISTRICT OFFICIALS RESPONSIBLE FOR DRM Name Organisation/Department. Phone Number Fax Number Address Mr Jeffrey Kanyinji (Head) DoDMA Lilongwe Mr James Chiusiwa (Deputy DoDMA Lilongwe / [email protected] Head) Mrs Gift Mafuleka DoDMA Lilongwe / [email protected] Mr Dyce Nkhoma DoDMA Lilongwe [email protected] Mr Fyawupi Mwafongo DoDMA Lilongwe [email protected] Ms Veronica Mhango DoDMA Lilongwe [email protected] Mrs Agness Banda DoDMA Lilongwe / [email protected] Mrs Natasha Mbengo DoDMA Lilongwe / [email protected] Mr Stern Kita DoDMA Lilongwe [email protected] Eliot M Khonje Ministry of Local Government and [email protected] Rural Development Mr. Noah Silungwe Ministry of Health [email protected] Mrs. D. D. Kang ombe Ministry of Health / [email protected] Mr. Charles Mazinga Ministry of Education, Science and [email protected] Ms Linny Kachama Technology / Department of Nutrition &HIV/AIDS [email protected] Ms Loyce Fatch Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security / Mr. W. Manjolo Ministry of Gender, Children and Community Development [email protected] Mr. Tonney Nyasulu Ministry of Irrigation & Water [email protected] Development Mr. Hero Kamowatimwa Ministry of Transport & Public [email protected] Infrastructure Mr. Grey Munthali Department of Climate Change and [email protected] Mr. Charles Vanya Meteorological Services [email protected] 87

96 Mr. Jeffrey Mzembe Department of Surveys / [email protected] Mr. Christopher Sinkonde [email protected] Dr. Leonard Kalindekafe Department of Geological Survey [email protected] Mr. Kelby Chirwa Ministry of Lands, Housing & Urban [email protected] Mr. Esau T.A. Mwambira Development [email protected] Maj. K. Tembo Malawi Defence Force [email protected] Brigadier I.E.J. Maulana Malawi Defence Force [email protected] DISTRICT COMMISSIONERS, ADDRMOs AND DESK OFFICERS CONTACT DETAILS Mr. Rodney Simwaka D.C. Nsanje [email protected] Mr Cox Thom Mutharika D.O. Nsanje Mr. Felix Mkandawire D.C. Chikhwawa / [email protected] Humphrey Magalasi ADDRMO Nsanje Mr Anthony Mchawa D.O. Chikhwawa [email protected] Francis M. Kadzokoya ADDRMO Chikhwawa [email protected] Mr. Charles N. Makanga D.C. Blantyre / Mr. Charles Mphepo D.O. Blantyre / / [email protected] Alibewake E. Kabele ADDRMO Blantyre Mr Bester C. Mandere D.C. Thyolo [email protected] Mr. G. L. J. Kumbuyo D.O. Thyolo [email protected] Mr. Jacks A.K. Ngulube D.C. Mulanje / [email protected] Mr. Atanazio Chibwana D.C. Phalombe Mr. Ignatius Lipato D.O. Phalombe [email protected] Mr. E. Bulukutu D.C. Chiradzulu Davie N. Chibani ADDRMO Phalombe [email protected] Mr M. Musowa D. O. Chiradzulu / Mr. S. L. Gwedemula D. C. Mwanza [email protected] Mr A. Matewere D. O. Mwanza [email protected] Mr. L. Palani D. C. Neno [email protected] Mr Emmanuel Souza D.O. Neno [email protected] 88

97 Mr. D. J. Phiri D.C. Zomba / [email protected] Mr B. B. Masemu D.O. Zomba / [email protected] Florence W. Ntepa ADDRMO Zomba Mr. J. J. Kanyangalazi D.C. Machinga [email protected] Mr. Mbawaka Mwakhwawa D. O. Machinga [email protected] m Mr. Mateauma D.C. Balaka [email protected] [email protected] Shephered Jere ADDRMO Machinga [email protected] Mr. Grevazio Tsirani D. O. Balaka / [email protected] Tawonga R. Kamanga ADDRMO Balaka [email protected] Mr. T. E. W. Chirwa D. C. Mangochi [email protected] Mr G. B. Shaibu D. O. Mangochi / [email protected] 673 Carlolyn Chabwera ADDRMO Mangochi [email protected] Mr. H. K. Twabi D. C. Ntcheu / / Miss Memory Kamoyo D. O. Ntcheu [email protected] Ms. Sphiwe Mawuwa DC. Dedza [email protected] Mr. Joseph Butao D. O. Dedza [email protected] Zione Viyazyi ADDRMO Dedza [email protected] Mr. Paul Kalilombe D. C. Lilongwe Ms. Sylvia Ambali D. O. Lilongwe / Mr. Gasten T. Macheka DC Mchinji [email protected] [email protected] Mr Rex D. Kachilonda D.O. Mchinji Mr. A. B. C Mdooko D.C. Ntchisi [email protected] [email protected] m Mr. P. Manyungwa D.O. Ntchisi [email protected] Mr. Rhobson E. Ngozo D.O. Dowa [email protected] Mr. Ali Phiri D.C. Salima [email protected] 89

98 Mrs Jana D. O. Salima Blessings Kamtema ADDRMO Salima Mr. Charles Thombozi D.C. Nkhotakota Mr. Leister Nyambose D. O. Nkhotakota Alinafe Banda ADDRMO Nkhotakota / [email protected] Mr. Lende D.C. Kasungu Mr. F. G. Sauli D. O. Kasungu / Rev. Moses O. Chimphepo D.C. Mzimba / [email protected] Mr J. K. C. Tembo D. O. Mzimba [email protected] Mr. Michael Chimbalanga DC. Nkhatabay Mr. John Chilenga D. O. Nkhatabay Mr. Munthali DC. Likoma Mr J. Mkandawire D. O. Rumphi [email protected] Walusungu Mwafulirwa ADDRMO Rumphi [email protected] m Mr. Emmanuel Bambe D. C. Karonga [email protected] Belinda Gondwe ADDRMO Karonga [email protected] Mr. Falidi Nkhoma D.O. Chitipa NGO PARTNERS OPERATING IN DISASTER-PRONE DISTRICTS Name District Organisation Phone Number address Gracian Nazombe Karonga MRCS / Dingiswayo Jere (National) Rumphi World Vision [email protected] Andrew Khumalo (South) Karonga [email protected] Kaswell Mtunda (Karonga) Nkhatabay [email protected] Osly Ndhlovu (Nkhata Bay) [email protected] Alexandre Castellano Salima COOPI [email protected] [email protected] Moira Simpson COOPI [email protected] Aubrey Sidik NKhota kota Concern Universal [email protected] Dedza 90

99 Charles Mukiwa Martin Katunga-Phiri Ntcheu Balaka Emmanuel Mangochi International Machinga Zomba John Makina (CD) Blantyre. Oxfam / [email protected] Chiradzulu, Thyolo / Chiyambi Mataya [email protected] Hastings Lacha Phalombe ADRA / [email protected] Hyghten Munguni (CD) Phalombe Africare [email protected] Maggie Mzungu Mulanje [email protected] / Grace Kamba [email protected] Ida Quarteyson Chikwawa Christian Aid [email protected] Sophie Makoloma [email protected] Ken McCarthy (CD) Nsanje GOAL [email protected] Hetherwick Mandere (Act. HoP) [email protected] Ken Matekenya Nsanje Action Aid / [email protected] / 504 Noah Tomoka / [email protected] UN AGENCIES CONTACT POINTS Name Organisation Phone Number Fax Number address Lazarus Gonani WFP (Nutrition) [email protected] Mervyn Chiumia WFP (Food Security) [email protected] Duncan Ndlovu WFP (Food Security) [email protected] Orison Mapemba WFP (Logistics) [email protected] Martin Mphangwe WFP (Education) [email protected] Lusungu Chitete WFP (Health) [email protected] Atupele Kapile UNRCO [email protected] Hein Zeelie OCHA Regional Office (RSA) [email protected] Kennedy Warren UNICEF(Education) [email protected] 91

100 BlessiusTauzie UNICEF (WASH) Allan Macheso UNICEF (Health) Martin Nkuna UNICEF (Child Protection) Benson Kazembe UNICEF (Nutrition) Estere Tsoka UNICEF (Emergency) Samson Kankhande FAO / [email protected] Chesterman Kumwenda FAO / [email protected] / Dorothy Nyasulu UNFPA [email protected] Sandra Mapemba (Alt) UNFPA [email protected] 92

101 MALAWI RED CROSS SOCIETY (MRCS) Position / Section Name Phone Number Fax Address Number Disaster Management Joseph Ulaya / [email protected] Health Gloria Kunyenga [email protected] Food Security Joseph Ulaya / [email protected] WATSAN Colex Chapendeka [email protected] Information /Communication Francis Musasa [email protected] Northern Region Graciam Nazombe [email protected] 93

102 The Secretary and Commissioner for Disaster Management Affairs, Department of Disaster Management Affairs, Private Bag 336, Capital City, Lilongwe 3. Malawi Tel: Fax: