Disaster Risk Reduction and Preparedness Planning Workshop Gaborone, Botswana October 2010

Transcription

1 2010 Report on the SADC Disaster Risk Reduction and Preparedness Planning Workshop Gaborone, Botswana October 2010

2 Table of Contents Meeting Summary... 4 Official Opening Ceremony... 4 Welcome and Opening Remarks... 4 Official Opening Address... 4 Keynote Address: Strengthening Partnership for Regional Disaster Risk Reduction... 5 Workshop Objectives and Expectations... 5 Objectives... 5 Expected outcomes... 6 Review of 2009 Workshop Recommendations and Discussion Workshop Recommendations for the SADC Secretariat Workshop Recommendations for SADC Member States /2011 SARCOF Seasonal Forecast and DRR Preparedness Impacts... 9 Review of Performance of 2009/10 Rainfall Season vs. SARCOF Forecast /11 SARCOF Seasonal Forecast and Overview of Sector Specific Implications Assessment of Regional Food Security Situation Seasonal Forecast for Flood Scenario Development Challenges and Possibilities Plenary Discussions Status of DRR Preparedness for 2010/11 based on SARCOF Forecast Presentations by Member States Zimbabwe Angola Zambia Botswana Tanzania Swaziland Lesotho South Africa Malawi Seychelles Mozambique The Zambezi River Basin Initiative Appraisal of Contingency Planning in the Region: Challenges and Successes

3 Feedback from Group Sessions Review of the SADC DRR Strategic Plan FAO DRR Strategies WFP DRR Strategies SADC DRR Strategic Plan Proposed Revisions and Updates Linkages with Hyogo Framework, Africa Strategy and National Strategies WHO DRR Strategy for the Health Sector UNICEF DRR Mapping Update and DRR Strategy Plenary Discussions and Recommendations for the SADC DRR Strategy Capacity Development Needs for DRR in the SADC Region Multi layer DRR Capacity Development in SADC Partnerships in DRR The Swedish Civil Contingencies Agencies (MSB) Capacity for Disaster Reduction Initiative (CADRI) and its Services Plenary session Formulating of Workshop Outcomes and Recommendations Closing Remarks Annex A: List of Acronyms Annex B: Workshop Outcomes and Recommendations Report Annex C: SARCOF Outlook Forum Statement Annex D: Welcome Remarks Annex E: Official Opening Address Annex F: Key Note Address Annex G: List of Participants

4 Meeting Summary The annual Southern African Development Community (SADC) Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Preparedness Planning Workshop took place in Gaborone, Botswana from October 2010, in partnership with UNISDR, the World Bank Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) and UNOCHA. The theme of the workshop was strengthening SADC and national capacities for disaster preparedness and response. It provided a platform for national and regional DRR managers and stakeholders to deliberate on the implications of the 2010/11 seasonal rainfall forecast, and agree on the necessary contingency and preparedness measures needed to respond to possible emergencies, typically related to floods and droughts, during the next rainfall season. The workshop also addressed preparedness for health emergencies, as well as other possible threats relevant to SADC Member States. Representatives from SADC Member States, UN Agencies, International Cooperating Partners (ICPs), non governmental organizations (NGOs), donors and civil society participated. Based on proceedings, the workshop concluded with the acceptance of a set of recommendations, which can be found in Annex B (page 29). Official Opening Ceremony Welcome and Opening Remarks Participants were welcomed by the Director of the National Disaster Management Office of Botswana. A central aim of this workshop is to plan and strategize for the imminent disasters expected to occur in the region this coming rainfall season. The seasonal rainfall forecast is predicting normal to above normal rainfall for most parts of the region, which means that flooding and its concomitant hazards, such as epidemics and water borne diseases, are likely to be experienced. All stakeholders, especially national governments, are urged to continue to take all necessary steps to ensure that the region is prepared for all potential emergencies. It is important to be able to react fast to emergencies and to develop comprehensive multi hazard contingency plans, as well as to establish the operational structures required to implement such plans. The impact of disasters can be mitigated through ensuring quality standards, reducing vulnerability and exposure to risks and inculcating preparedness among all citizens, as good DRR depends on coordinating the efforts of all involved. There is some concern regarding the slow progress regarding the implementation of resolutions, and there is a need for the expeditious strengthening of the SADC DRR Unit (DRRU) to coordinate DRR programmes and facilitate the flow of early warning information in the sub region. Official Opening Address In the official opening address the Director of the SADC Organ on Politics, Defense and Security Cooperation thanked all participants and special guests. Disaster Risk Management (DRM) is multi disciplinary, and its various components (preparedness, mitigation, response, rehabilitation and recovery) involve the participation of a multitude of partners and stakeholders, ranging from national governments, NGOs, ICPs, donors, civil society and private sector participants. Disasters are often trans boundary and thus require regional approaches. This also relates to the potential value of the recently established SADC DRRU, which has the responsibility of coordinating regional preparedness and response programmes for trans boundary hazards and disasters. Many activities are underway to secure support and funding from various partners to 4

5 assist the SADC DRRU to meet its minimum obligations in the region. Other areas of DRR that require regional coordination by the SADC Secretariat include: Strengthening a DRR regional early warning system for the collection and exchange of DRR early warning information Facilitating sharing and exchange of lessons learned and best practices among Member States Implementing the SADC DRR Strategic Plan Facilitating DRR capacity development and training Coordinating regional responses to actual disaster occurrences in the region This workshop should be used by all stakeholders to put in place resources and measures to counter any major disasters that might occur in Member States, and plans should be refined and revised as the season progresses. Keynote Address: Strengthening Partnership for Regional Disaster Risk Reduction In the keynote address, the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Head of the Regional Office for Southern and Eastern Africa, stated that countries in southern Africa, and indeed the rest of the world, have for the past decade been experiencing an unprecedented increase in the frequency, magnitude and impact of disasters, specifically drought, floods, and epidemics like cholera, all of which are exacerbated by HIV/AIDS. Governments and partners need to implement radical measures to ensure community safety and protection of economic assets. The focus should not just be on what happens immediately before, during and after disasters, but beyond this to greater DRR. Key challenges facing DRR implementation in the region include: Institutional frameworks for DRR at the regional, national and, in some cases, local/community level, which are often under funded and not coordinated Lack of comprehensive and constantly updated risk assessments and analysis Weak information and knowledge management systems, specifically in high risk areas The need to reduce underlying risk factors Small but recurrent disasters often cause more destruction cumulatively than some of the large scale disasters that tend to draw the attention of the international media. Due to the compounded nature of risks in the region, any small disaster is likely to cause high levels of damage, since vulnerability is so exacerbated by the recurrent nature of disasters, which give communities little or no time to recover. Planning in a number of cases is not informed by a comprehensive risk analysis and thus may not be able to address the priority needs for effective DRR. Workshop Objectives and Expectations The Senior Liaison Expert in the SADC DRRU presented the workshop objectives and expected outcomes: Objectives Deliberate on the implications of the 2010/11 Southern Africa Regional Climate Outlook Forum (SARCOF) seasonal rainfall forecast on disaster preparedness and response Review national capacities and gaps in disaster preparedness and response going into the 2010/11 rainfall season Identify required actions of regional and humanitarian actors necessary to fill these gaps in both the immediate (three to six months) and longer term 5

6 Share experiences, lessons learned and tools used before, during and after previous seasons flooding and cyclone impact Identify the roles and responsibilities of regional partners (SADC, Regional Inter Agency Coordination Support Office (RIACSO) members and donors) and sources of funding to strengthen SADC disaster preparedness Explore ways of strengthening partnership between Member States and with other regional and international organisations for effective DRR, preparedness and response Expected outcomes Development of an indicative road map on preparedness and contingency planning for Member States, in order to meet any possible emergencies related to drought and floods during the 2010/11 rainfall season, including health related and other emergencies Identification of roles and responsibilities of national and regional partners and sources of funding Development of an indicative road map for the revision and implementation of the SADC DRR Strategic Plan Formulation of strategy for enhancing and strengthening the capacities of the SADC Secretariat, Member States and partners for disaster risk preparedness and response Enhanced networking, and sharing of best practices and lessons learned among stakeholders Comments from participants: Participants requested that the specific initiatives that require funding be noted and discussed during the workshop. SADC DRRU replied that many of these initiatives fall within other SADC structures, and that the DRRU can only provide information on its own initiatives The importance of strengthening partnerships between Member States for DRR, preparedness and response was emphasized. Disasters know no political boundaries, and therefore regional approaches are required. SADC agreed with the suggestion to amend the workshop objectives to highlight this point Participants recommended that the SADC DRRU also focus on awareness raising of DRR among communities On the issue of ensuring that the revised SADC DRR Strategic Plan receives the required political support from the relevant SADC structures, it was explained that the Strategic Plan will follow the normal SADC approval channels. Once a draft of the Strategic Plan is completed, the DRR Technical Committee will be convened to approve the document, and eventually it will come before the Council of Ministers for final approval Member States were requested to provide feedback on the extent to which regional initiatives and contingency planning exercises over the past four years have been useful Participants highlighted the need to focus on collaborative mechanisms such as joint responses, and the coordination role that the SADC Secretariat can play in such initiatives. The SADC DRRU noted that this issue is included in its work plan, and the hope is that such a mechanism will be developed. However, funding remains a challenge. The viability of establishing an emergency fund is being considered, which will be funded by Member States and supported by partners. Such a fund will allow SADC to rapidly mobilize resources to respond to any emergency 6

7 Review of 2009 Workshop Recommendations and Discussion The SADC DRRU and OCHA provided a summary of the 2009 SADC Preparedness Workshop Recommendations, and where available provided updates on the implementation of these recommendations Workshop Recommendations for the SADC Secretariat Recommendation 1 National contingency plans should be developed, reviewed, strengthened and operationalized in all SADC Member States by 01 December 2009, with copies submitted to the SADC Secretariat. Member States should provide monthly updates on progress. Progress Very few Member States submitted contingency plans or reports to the SADC Secretariat by 01 December 2009 as initially agreed. However, some plans were later provided by Zambia, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. The SADC DRUU suggested that Member States appoint a focal point for regular communication with the Secretariat. Out of the 15 Member States, 10 have contingency plans of some sort, although not all countries require contingency plans for hydro meteorological disasters. Recommendation 2 Multi sectoral disaster simulations should be conducted by Member States to test preparedness and response plans. Progress Simulation exercises involving other Member States were undertaken only by Mozambique, in November Invitations to this exercise were sent to all Member States to participate as observers, with support for participation provided by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Mozambique through a European Commission Humanitarian Aid Department s Disaster Preparedness Programme (DIPECHO) project. The SADC Secretariat, Malawi, Namibia and Zambia participated. It was observed that funding support for conducting simulation exercises, or even for participating as observers, remains a problem for most Member States, and assistance from partners is required in this regard. Member States were requested to inform SADC about whether they are planning any simulations in 2010 so that other Member States can plan and budget for their participation as observers. OCHA noted that a number of countries carried out simulation exercises at district level. Recommendation 3 A SADC DRR Technical Committee Meeting should be convened and the DRRU should be established in the SADC Secretariat. Progress An Emergency Consultative Meeting of the DRR Technical Committee was convened in Lusaka, Zambia, from 03 to 05 March 2010, attended by nine Member States. The Meeting approved the establishment of a DRRU within the SADC Secretariat, effective from November A Liaison Expert has also been engaged to support the SADC Secretariat to establish the DRRU and undertake a few initial activities, specifically the recruitment of seconded and substantive DRR staff for the DRRU, and drafting the DRRU s work plan. Funding has been provided by the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR), through a grant of US$270,000 from the World Bank Fund for DRR. The recruitment of a DRRU Manager, as well as technical and support staff, by the SADC Secretariat is in progress, but is facing financial challenges. Although the DRR programme was approved by the SADC Council of Ministers in 2008, Member States are yet to provide funding for the programme. The Secretariat is also engaging ICPs on the matter. Recommendation 4 SADC Secretariat should convene a high level Ministerial Meeting to raise awareness of the importance of DRR among decision makers. Progress Due to the absence of high profile disasters in the region during the previous rainfall season, it was not possible to justify convening a Ministerial Meeting on DRR. Many participants noted that it should not take a major disaster to convene such a meeting, as this is contrary to the principles of DRR. SADC replied noted that Ministerial Meetings are very expensive, and 7

8 there must be a motivation for such a meeting; Yet if Member States lobby for such a meeting it would make it easier. OCHA added that DRR is everybody s responsibility, and that if Ministers are prepared to push the DRR agenda that would move the process forward. Disaster managers from Member States also have a role to play within their own countries to lobby for prioritisation of DRR issues with their respective Ministers so as to make it easier for SADC DRRU to present the case to an informed group of Ministers. Angola recommended that a meeting be held to discuss progress made on the Hyogo Framework of Action (HFA). Participants felt that the DRRU should not be within the Organ on Politics, Defence and Security Cooperation, but rather within the SADC Secretariat itself; However, SADC responded that during the DRR Committee Technical committee meeting that was convened March 2010 it was agreed that the Unit will remain in the Organ, as the SADC Secretariat currently does not have the capacity to manage the DRRU. The Member States that participated in the technical meeting accepted this position. Currently, the DRRU is a stand alone unit which reports directly to the Director of the SADC Organ on Politics, Defence and Security Cooperation. SADC reminded Member States that they are the ones who need to provide resources for the DRRU to function effectively. Recommendation 6 Strengthen sharing of early warning and DRR information, and the exchange of experiences among SADC Member States, Secretariat, and partners. Progress The SADC DRR website is under construction, and should be launched shortly. An online discussion forum and platform for the exchange of documents is also under construction. The coordination of Member States participation in simulation exercises in Mozambique was undertaken, as well as the coordination of selected Member States to visit the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) in November Recommendation 7 Enhance resource mobilization for DRR in SADC region. Progress SADC is engaging ICPs regarding the funding of programmes, under the framework of the 2006 Windhoek Declaration. Bilateral partner discussions on the funding of DRR programmes are also ongoing. A proposal for the establishment of a SADC Emergency Fund is currently under consideration by SADC decision making bodies. This fund will be accessible for DRR in emergencies, mediation, election observation, etc. The SADC Secretariat is also open to partners funding specific activities within the regional DRR programme. Recommendation 8 Strengthen collaboration among the SADC Secretariat, Member States and ICPs in support of DRR projects in the SADC region. Progress Strengthening in progress. Participants noted that the link between DRR and development should be firmly established. Recommendation 9 Strengthen and institutionalize both Regional and National Vulnerability Assessment Committees and expand their mandates. Progress: The Regional Vulnerability Committee (RVAC) Project Management Unit (PMU) noted that the institutionalization process is ongoing. Work is also being done in facilitating the establishment of national vulnerability Committees (NVACs) in countries without such structures Workshop Recommendations for SADC Member States Recommendation 1 Budget for both pre season preparedness and post season lessons learned DRR workshops. Progress Apart from a few exceptions, most Member States were able to get funds to attend workshops. Recommendation 2: Encourage participation of all DRR stakeholders in these workshops. 8

9 Recommendation 3: Encourage continued use by Member States of the Disaster Charter ( in the event of a major disaster. Progress The charter could be used more extensively. Recommendation 4: Encourage the use of multi sectoral disaster simulations as best practice for all SADC Member States. Recommendation 5: Member States should strengthen early warning and information management systems for DRR. Recommendation 6: Member States should engage communities living in disaster prone areas to find durable resettlement solutions that do not compromise their livelihoods, and which foster community ownership. Recommendation 7: Member States should explore the incorporation of International Disaster Response Laws (IDRL) as relevant in their respective countries. Recommendation 8: Member States should train emergency responders in disaster preparedness and response. Progress OCHA responded to requests for training support from three Member States. Recommendation 9: Preparedness and response plans for potential outbreaks of communicable diseases, such as cholera, should be developed and strengthened. Progress The World Health Organization (WHO) noted that this remains a difficult issue. Much progress has been made in Zimbabwe, and a mission has been undertaken to Zambia, with recommendations made. There is also an initiative to establish a regional cholera task force, co led by WHO and UNICEF. WHO reiterated to Member States that for it to provide support to a country they must receive an official request. See WHO presentation which took place in Day 3 (page 22). Zambia noted that there are two sides to addressing cholera: prevention and treatment, and no plan can be fully effective if the Ministry of Health has to coordinate activities alone. In Zambia, the coordination function to address cholera has now been placed in the Office of the Vice President, and it is hoped that the Government is dealing effectively with cholera concerns. Recommendation 10: Measures will be undertaken to ensure that the special needs of people living with HIV and AIDS and other vulnerable groups affected by disasters are addressed. Progress See WHO presentation which took place in Day 3 (page 22). 2010/2011 SARCOF Seasonal Forecast and DRR Preparedness Impacts Review of Performance of 2009/10 Rainfall Season vs. SARCOF Forecast Two presentations, one by the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWSNET) and one by the University of Zimbabwe (UZ) and the SADC Climate Services Centre (CSC), analysed the 2009 SARCOF forecast, comparing it with actual rainfall observations, in order to assess the quality of the forecast. It was shown that the SARCOF forecast is in general reasonably accurate and can be very valuable as a tool for disaster risk management, specifically contingency planning. It was noted that rainfall in the region can be localized and there are not enough gauging stations in some countries to record local variations, and SARCOF only provides a forecast for a very large area. 9

10 2010/11 SARCOF Seasonal Forecast and Overview of Sector Specific Implications UZ and SADC CSC presented the 2010/11 SARCOF seasonal forecast. For the period October to December 2010, the southern and western parts of the contiguous SADC region, Mauritius and western Madagascar are expected to receive normal to above normal rainfall, while the north eastern parts of continental SADC and rest of Madagascar are likely to receive normal to below normal rainfall. For the period January to March 2011, the bulk of SADC is expected to receive normal to above normal rainfall, while the northern parts and the extreme south of continental SADC region are expected to receive normal to below normal rainfall. See Annex C for the full SARCOF 14 Statement. SARCOF is a process that was started in 1997, in order that all partners in the climate forecast community can collaborate on the development of a consensus regional forecast, which is provided free of charge. Updates to the forecast are conducted periodically throughout the rainfall season. The importance of including experts from national water affairs authorities to assess the implications of the SARCOF forecast was highlighted, in order to develop a fuller picture of what effects forecasted rainfall could have on river systems. Partners were requested to provide resources to strengthen the SARCOF process. Although there should not be major differences between the SARCOF forecast and downscaled national forecast, disaster managers should always consult with their national meteorological office, as well as with experts from other sectors, when seeking a more detailed country level forecast. The forecast does not provide any information on expected cyclone activity, although the systems employed in developing the forecast makes implicit reference to cyclone activity, as the forecasted rainfall could be driven by cyclones. Below are some potential sector specific implications of the rainfall forecast: Water Sector Implications There will be enough water for agricultural, domestic and industrial use The water table is already high in most countries, meaning there will be increased runoff into major reservoirs There is a high probability of flooding in flood prone areas Major dams already contain large quantities of water from the previous rainfall season. Dams are expected to fill up quickly during the rainfall season There may be high spillage from major dams. Therefore, integrated water resources managers should be on high alert throughout the season Energy Sector implications There should be enough water for hydroelectric power stations There will be reduced power demand for irrigation water since the summer crop will have enough water from the rains Food Security Sector implications The cumulative total rainfall during the 2010/11 rainfall season should be adequate for crop production The main problem is that the downscaled seasonal forecasts do not specify the onset and cessation of the rains or the distribution of rainfall 10

11 The downscaled forecast also does not include the frequency and duration of wet and dry spells. Long dry spells can result in reduced yields if the farmer has no access to irrigation facilities Too much rainfall in short periods of time can result in water logging and sometimes flooding, resulting in leaching of fertilizers, destruction of farmland and livestock deaths Implications for weather related disasters An estimated 80 per cent of all natural disasters are weather related The expected normal to above normal rainfall over most of the SADC region means that there is a high likelihood that disasters like severe storms, flash floods and tropical cyclones will occur Weather related diseases and epidemics such as cholera and malaria may occur in some parts of the region In conclusion, it was noted that the impacts of the weather related disasters can be reduced or minimised if national DRR committees regularly consult national meteorological and hydrological services in order to obtain regular updates of the seasonal weather forecast. Comments from participants On the question of whether drought is not a bigger risk than floods, it was noted that droughts allow authorities time to plan, while floods are usually almost immediate On the question of whether there is a regional forum for both meteorologists and disaster managers, it was replied that disaster managers and other sector specialists are invited to participate in the SARCOF process. However, more resources are required to institutionalize SARCOF The importance of taking a developmental approach to Disaster Risk Management (DRM) was highlighted Assessment of Regional Food Security Situation A presentation on the regional food security situation was given by representatives from RVAC and PMU. Some of the causes for regional food insecurity include erratic rainfall, floods, the high price of agricultural inputs and access to income. In 2010, overall cereal production in the region increased by 8 per cent from 32,699 tons last year to 35,409 tons. This also represents a 33 per cent increase over the average production for the last five years. All countries experienced increases in cereal production, except Malawi (7 per cent decrease) and Zimbabwe (1 per cent decrease), with Botswana more than doubling its cereal production from 65,000 tons to 109,000 tons. This increase is attributed to favorable weather and the provision of subsidized inputs to targeted groups. South Africa, Zambia, Malawi and Tanzania have recorded cereal surpluses while the rest of the countries have deficits. The number of people requiring food and non food assistance in the region has increased by about 30 per cent to an estimated 4.04 million, up from last year s estimate of 3.1 million. This is attributed to increases in food insecure populations in Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania, where localized crop production failures were experienced due to localized poor and erratic rainfall conditions. However, since Malawi and Tanzania have overall national cereal surpluses, the localized food deficits in these countries will be more than offset by the domestic cereal surpluses, assuming a flow of food from surplus to deficit areas and the ability of affected households to access it. The region also continues to experience high levels of malnutrition. 11

12 Table 1: Regional Forecasted Food Balance Sheet, 2010/2011 Some of the household mechanisms that households may employ in response to food insecurity include: Forgoing non essential expenditures in order to purchase food Increased search for casual labour opportunities Increased sale of livelihood assets (e.g. livestock) to buy food and other essential items Increased rural to urban migration Reduction in number of meals Increase in demands on social support networks Table 2: Trend in Population Vulnerable to Food Insecurity Consumption Period Country 2003/ / / / / / / /11 Lesotho Malawi Mozambique Namibia Swaziland Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe SADC* To summarize, despite good harvests, the number of people requiring humanitarian assistance has increased from last year, and high rates of malnutrition (stunting) still persist in a number of countries. Access issues to food and non food items for the poor remain persistent, indicating that chronic vulnerability is linked to poverty. There has been some positive contribution of targeted inputs and output subsidy programmes in the region. However, there are ongoing concerns on whether markets exist for surplus producing countries, both in terms of internal and cross border trade. From this assessment, the main recommendations are: Increase social protection and safety net measures such as public works programmes and cash/food transfers Enhance infrastructure development for improved market access (e.g. transport, storage and communication) to improve household income 12

13 Continue support to targeted input and output subsidies programmes Promote health and nutritional education and support Comments from participants: It was noted that the Vulnerability Assessment Committee system works on two levels: NVACs at Member States level, which comprise of government representatives and partners; and RVAC, which comprises of the SADC Secretariat, FEWSNET and partners. RVAC attempts to reach consensus on the regional food security situation based on the information provided by the NVACs, so that all Member States can speak with one voice. Seasonal Forecast for Flood Scenario Development Challenges and Possibilities FEWSNET gave a presentation on the challenges and opportunities for developing flood scenarios based on the seasonal rainfall forecast. The relationship between climatic parameters and vulnerability indicators and the steps of scenario building using climate information was discussed. Comments from participants Maize is used as the generic crop in crop production modelling, although the model can be used for other crops as well There is no forecasting technology available to predict strong winds. Even with cyclones, its trajectory can only be projected once it appears It was suggested that exchanges of best practices and lessons learned between countries that are typically affected by cyclones should be encouraged, specifically regarding community based approaches to early warning systems Plenary Discussions It was noted that the best way in which this workshop can be used to prepare for the coming flood season is for national disaster mangers present to consider the outcomes and recommendations of this workshop, as they have the mandate to respond to emergencies Participants agreed that it would be useful if the SADC Early Warning Centre s products are better disseminated, for greater use in planning. The importance of translating theoretical knowledge into practical solutions was highlighted, as well as the importance of using correct terminology, e.g. making the distinction between DRR (a line function) and DRM (a coordination function) The main reason for a number of the 2009 Workshop Recommendations not being implemented is lack of political will the importance of DRR needs to be highlighted at national level. DRR should be approached from a vulnerability perspective, not a hazard perspective, and should be informed by an understanding of risks. This approach will enable the identification of the causes of vulnerability Status of DRR Preparedness for 2010/11 based on SARCOF Forecast Presentations by Member States Zimbabwe On the downscaled seasonal meteorological forecast for the rainfall season, two of the three meteorological regions are expected to receive normal rainfall, with one region in northern Zimbabwe forecasted to receive normal to above normal rainfall. Areas that are likely to be affected by flooding have been identified, and 13

14 flood risk mapping has been conducted for most of these areas. Other potential risks include storms, epidemics and environmental degradation. In terms of preparedness planning, the following measures have been taken: A pre season National Civil Protection Organization planning meeting was held on 02 September 2010 The seasonal outlook was presented and interpreted to members of the National Civil Protection Organization of Zimbabwe Accordingly, disaster preparedness committees and communities living in low lying areas were advised to be on high alert for possible flooding incidents Malaria vector control program is aiming to spray in all 47 districts at high risk of malaria Distribution of mosquito nets is underway, as well as the training of staff in malaria case management As for cholera, rapid response teams have been trained in high risk districts The Emergency Services Sub Committee has been activated to prepare and mobilize resources for the rainfall season Awareness campaigns on rainfall season hazards using outreach programs, print and electronic media will soon commence An early warning system comprising of the National Meteorological Office, National Water Authority and the Department of Civil Protection have been put in place Major gaps include the following: Transport and communication need to be improved for timely and complete reporting of outbreaks Lack of local media resources in highly vulnerable and marginalized communities Newly qualified health staff have limited experience in handling epidemics, hence the need for emergency preparedness and response training Inadequate real time hydrological stations Inadequate all terrain vehicles Angola On the downscaled seasonal meteorological forecast for the period October to December 2010, normal to below normal rainfall is expected in northern Angola, normal to above normal in central and western Angola, and below normal rainfall in the eastern part of Angola. Some early rain has already led to infrastructure damage, and a drought is currently affecting the Bengo region in northern Angola, which the Government is responding to. The country has recently experienced outbreaks of cholera and rabies. A national contingency plan has been developed, with the participation of all partners, which is valid for five years and will be updated periodically. An evaluation of this plan will also be conducted after each rainfall season. Zambia On the downscaled seasonal meteorological forecast for the period October 2010 to March 2011, the northern half of Zambia is expected to receive normal to above normal rainfall, while the southern half is expected to receive normal rainfall. The main hazards expected during the coming rainfall season are floods and epidemics, specifically cholera. Contingency planning is underway, based on the seasonal forecast. The contingency planning process involves all critical players, including UN Agencies and NGOs, and the national contingency plan will be customized to provincial and district conditions. 14

15 As has been done in the past, relief supplies (both food and non food) will be pre positioned in areas that may become inaccessible due to flooding, and the monitoring of the situation will continue throughout the season. Certain elements of the plan, such as canal and drainage clearing, are already underway, especially in Lusaka. However, the human, financial and material support of cooperating partners at both national and regional level will be required to effectively implement the contingency plan. Comments from participants On the possibility of trans border cholera outbreaks between Zimbabwe and South Africa, Zimbabwe noted that actions have been taken by the relevant departments across the border and the situation is considered to be under control WHO noted that, regarding the possibility of cholera outbreaks in Zambia, the risk factors that need to be addressed are clear, and it is good to hear that drainage in Lusaka is being addressed. However, there is still the issue that many housing developments are on terrain that require specially designed latrines. In reply Zambia noted that this is an issue of illegal settlements, and as such falls within the normal portfolios of line ministries, which is not part of contingency plan. There are plans to redevelop Lusaka, including the relocation of affected communities to safer areas Zambia noted their challenges regarding resource mobilization for preparedness activities. The inclusion of resource mobilization for preparedness in the contingency planning process has not led to an improvement in the situation. Partners are willing to mobilize resource for response, but still not for preparedness Botswana Botswana experiences four types of disasters: flooding of the Okavango and Chobe Rivers, bush fires throughout the country, earthquakes (minor tremors) and the H1N1 pandemic. Some of the challenges in addressing these hazards include: The lack of a comprehensive early warning system for trans boundary hazards, specifically for the flooding of the Okavango and Chobe Rivers The fact that DRR is relatively a new concept, and there is still a need to institutionalize the DRR mainstreaming processes Inadequate resources at the National Disaster Management Office Lack of awareness on disaster risk by some community members, leading to lack of participation in bush fire suppression activities The seasonal rainfall forecast issued for the period of October to December 2010 indicates an increased likelihood of normal to above normal rainfall over the northern parts of the country and above normal to normal rainfall over the southern half. For the period January to March 2011, the whole country is forecasted to receive normal to above normal rains. Based on this forecast, it is expected that flooding will occur in some districts, which may lead to crop damage and a high probability of outbreaks of water borne diseases. Some preparedness measures being undertaken include capacity building of District Disaster Management Centres, the conducting of simulation exercises and the development of emergency management plans. Though Botswana has a comprehensive drought programme, the country does not have a national contingency plan for either floods or bush fires. The aim is to develop such plans by 2011, and partners are requested to provide technical and financial support. 15

16 Tanzania In previous years, timely early warning on drought and floods has been provided, and during the last rainfall season flood affected communities were assisted with relief items. Some of the main challenges have been inadequate shelters, the late release of assessment results and financial constraints. The 2010 seasonal rainfall forecast indicates that the Lake Victoria region will receive above normal rainfall, which could lead to flash flooding from seasonal rivers, combined with a high chance of water borne diseases. The northern coast, central regions, most parts of north eastern highlands and western regions are expected to receive below normal rainfall, which means a high chance of drought, as well as less inflow of water to dams and hence a potential power crisis. Some of the preparedness measures undertaken include the development of a contingency plan for food shortages and the stockpiling of relief items in strategic areas. All plans have budgets allocated for their implementation, and resource gaps have been identified. Major gaps in preparedness include lack of resources (technical, financial and human) available to the Tanzania Meteorological Authority, and the need to review early warning plans. Support is required in funding and the development of human resources, especially training in mitigation, preparedness and disaster management. Swaziland Swaziland experiences flooding, windstorms, drought and bush fires, and affected populations are assisted with food and non food items. Challenges met during the response to such disasters include inaccessibility of some areas due to lack of roads, telecommunication issues, and lack of human and financial resources for rehabilitation. To date, contingency plans have been developed for cholera and bush fires, and a plan for floods is under development. Major gaps in current preparedness include lack of financial and human resources, limited number of vehicles and inadequate partnerships between the Government and partners. In this regard, implementing partners are requested to cooperate with Government when providing assistance to affected communities. Currently, there is a national food security platform. Lesotho Common hazards are drought, strong winds, snow and agricultural pests. According on the 2010/2011 seasonal rainfall forecast, there is a likelihood of the country receiving normal to above normal rainfall for the period October to December However, in the period January to March 2011, there is a likelihood of receiving normal to below normal rainfall, especially in the southern parts of the country. The hope is that the rainfall will mitigate the impact of the current drought affecting the country, bringing relief to the already stressed sectors of water and agriculture. However, there is also a high likelihood of thunderstorms, windstorms and hail. Ongoing preparedness measures include conducting awareness raising campaigns, undertaking community owned vulnerability assessments and capacity analysis (COVACA) and procuring insecticide. Community early warning mechanisms are also being developed. Support is required for the training of trainers in the development of community early warning systems, as well as in integrating DRR into the school curriculum and national development plans. Furthermore, financial support is needed to 1) intensify community training in COVACA, 2) develop community preparedness plans and good nutrition practices, and 3) procure subsidies for agricultural inputs for vulnerable people for summer cropping and insecticides. 16

17 Next steps include: Intensifying training in COVACA and community preparedness planning Continuing to assist in the mainstreaming of DRR in school curriculum and development plans Intensifying and diversifying early warning systems Developing scenarios and monitoring them throughout the season Updating livelihood baselines in order to strengthen vulnerability assessments Conducting a simulation exercise for pests, which is planned for 2010/11 South Africa South Africa s National Disaster Management Centre (NDMC) is in the process of implementing a National Disaster Management Information System an integrated situation reporting tool which will produce reports on incidences. This system will be activated December The major incidences responded to have been flood and drought related. According to the seasonal rainfall forecast, in the coming months there is a chance of localized flooding in the eastern and southern Cape, as well as in the northern provinces, while drought conditions are set to continue in the southern and eastern Cape. Kwa Zulu Natal and the north east Free State will also experience dry conditions, increasing the risk of bush fires. In terms of preparedness, the NDMC s National Multi Hazard Early Warning System is operational, and sectoral response systems are in place. National Indicative Risk Profiles have also been conducted for fires, flooding and drought. Some of the gaps identified are: Inadequate mainstreaming of DRR into development programmes Insufficient institutionalization of a bottom up and top down approach to DRM/R. Inadequate funding and other resources for DRM/R programmes Lack of monitoring of DRR initiatives Malawi The main hazards experienced recently included floods, heavy rains and prolonged dry spells, as well as measles outbreaks and earthquakes. Government is in the process of coordinating the updating of the national contingency plan, which focussed on floods and drought, and also cover earthquakes. This is a multi stakeholder process involving Government line ministries, UN Agencies and NGOs. The plan will be finalised by mid November Government is planning to fund contingency activities, stockpile and preposition relief items and conduct community sensitization campaigns in flood prone areas. People in flood prone areas are being encouraged to relocate upland, while the concept of living with floods is also being explored by Government. NGOs have been building the capacity of DRM structures at local level in preparedness and response. At national level, stakeholders were ready to participate in joint assessments (i.e. during the Karonga earthquake). Interim Operational Guidelines for DRM have also been developed, and a DRR framework is in place. In response to dry spells, Government targeted affected areas for irrigation farming, which NGOs have also supported. Communities in flood prone areas have been implementing mitigation projects, such as aforestation and the construction of dykes, through community based DRR projects. 17

18 Some of the challenges include: Lack of adequate financial and human capacity for disaster response at all levels Delays in provision of funds for response Capacity constraints in assessments at district and local level there is a need for further capacity building in vulnerability and risk assessment Seychelles Due to the impact of El Niño, Seychelles experienced drought in 2008, which extended into the 2009 dry season and became more severe, leading to serious water restrictions. According to the seasonal rainfall forecast, a late onset of the rainy season is expected, with below normal rainfall. However, there is a possibility of accumulated heavy rainfall in the last quarter of the season. In case of below normal rains, there are desalination plants on all the islands which could be activated in emergency situations. In terms of preparedness, district platforms will be on constant standby during the rainfall season and a national contingency plan for flooding is in place. The main challenges are ensuring that all districts are prepared, public awareness raising continues, and issues surrounding water conservation and storage. Some of the preparedness activities to be undertaken include extensive media campaigns, meeting with district authorities and conducting a multi hazard simulation exercise for first responders. Mozambique Mozambique is vulnerable to cyclones, floods, droughts and earthquakes. Between October and December 2010, it is expected that the northern part of the country will experience above normal to normal rainfall, and the southern part normal to above normal. From January to March 2011, it is predicted that northern Mozambique will receive above normal to normal, central Mozambique normal to above normal, and southern Mozambique below normal to normal rainfall. Many preparedness measures have been undertaken, including the updating of the contingency plan, preparing emergency site plans, conducting simulation exercises and pre positioning supplies. Challenges include delays in the harmonization of provinces and ministries in the contingency plan, delays in the dissemination of seasonal forecasts, and delays in budget approval. Partners have provided a great deal of support, particularly in the conducting of simulation exercises and strengthening local communication systems, although more support is needed in resource mobilization. Comments from participants Seychelles noted that in terms of national support for districts in ensuring preparedness, district administrations are linked to the national government, falling under the Ministry of Community Development, which has representation on the National Disaster Committee. Through this committee, district authorities they can voice their needs. In terms of financial support, there is a parliamentary vote annually on disaster mitigation funds, which support preparedness measures and training Participants provided feedback on their attendance of the Mozambique simulation exercises in They commented that the level of preparation needed to carry out such a simulation exercise is extensive and that the level of community mobilization for early warning in Mozambique is impressive. Regional attendance of simulation exercises can lead to regional partnerships and Memorandums of Understanding Mozambique said that district preparedness occurs between rainfall seasons. Updated forecasts are considered for updating contingency plans, which are then approved by the Council of Ministers. 18

19 The Zambezi River Basin Initiative The International Federation of the Red Cross (IFRC) introduced its Zambezi River Basin Initiative (ZRBI). This initiative was designed by the national Red Cross societies of the countries that form part of the Zambezi River Basin. It aims at reducing the overall vulnerability of those living along the Zambezi River by focusing on disaster preparedness, response and recovery. This includes increasing access to healthcare and nutritious food, and reducing deaths and illnesses. Climate change has also been integrated into programme. Around 236,000 direct beneficiaries are being targeted. IFRC emphasized the importance of partnerships and requested all partners to support this initiative. OCHA added that it is supporting IFRC in developing Who is doing What Where maps for the Basin, and requested partners to provide this information on their activities. Comments from participants UNISDR said it was encouraged by this kind of agreement between the national societies of the countries involved. It mentioned that the development of protocols on DRR information sharing among SADC Member States could be relevant, and should be further explored by SADC Secretariat and Member States South Africa commended the stakeholders involved in the ZRBI, and requested that this initiative be documented as a best practice Appraisal of Contingency Planning in the Region: Challenges and Successes OCHA provide an overview of contingency planning in the region. Compared to risk management plans, which are broader and longer term, contingency plans cover short periods (one year or less). Not all hazards may require a contingency plan if a country s risk management plan is comprehensive, and the frequency and magnitude of emergencies determines the need for a contingency plan. Almost all countries in the region have a contingency plan, either multi hazard or single hazard, although very few district or regions has one. In a number of countries there is both a government plan and a partners plan, and some individual organisations also have organisational contingency plans. Some of the challenges include: Limited risk analysis and weak hazard prioritization and vulnerability analysis Scenario development is not well informed by a comprehensive understanding of vulnerability Too much focus on hazards, with limited consideration of the dynamic nature of vulnerability Weak implementation: no budget, no clear triggers or plan activation, and no common multi sector assessment tools Some successes include government coordination in the development of contingency plans and the strengthened refocus on the preparedness agenda. Some of the issues to be considered are: Planning should occur with implementation in mind, with clear activation modalities and triggers Contingency planning is a process and not the production of document Contingency plans require a budget The role of local communities should be strengthened Feedback from Group Sessions In the group sessions, country teams and partners were requested to provide information on seasonal preparedness. This included identifying risks and considering preparedness activities, time frames, support 19

20 needed and possible sources of support. Country teams were also requested to complete an emergency preparedness checklist, which included the categories of national capacity inventory, vulnerability assessments and response mechanisms. A summary of responses are captured in Table 2 below. Table 2: Country support requested for preparedness Country Proposed Time Support needed Comments Frame Angola No information Need to follow up with Agencies incountry provided Botswana No specific date indicated None Planning ongoing and simulation already conducted. Need to ensure UN and NGO participation and support to Government led process Lesotho No information To follow up provided Madagascar October 2010 Technical Agencies invited to join OCHA in country mission, end October Malawi October Mainstreaming gender and HIV Specific needs for HIV and Gender. November 2010 in contingency plan Second contingency plan update scheduled for January 2011 Mozambique No dates provided Need for follow up with in country for review organizations Namibia No dates provided Regional simulation exercise Need for follow up with in country conducted end October 2010 organizations and Government South Africa No dates provided May need provincial/district contingency plan for high risk areas Seychelles Update complete National capacity exists Simulation planned for November 2010 Swaziland October 2010 Technical, for training in Has cholera and bush fire contingency contingency planning Tanzania No date provided Technical, for training in contingency planning and for drafting of contingency plan Zambia 26 October Financial and logistical, for support in implementing contingency plan Zimbabwe Plan updated in June Next update to be done before end October 2010 Financial, to implement preparedness activities, including public awareness raising on flood risks plan, and looking to develop a flood plan Direct follow up with country needed Check on sector response plans and mainstreaming of cross cutting issues Need to update contingency plan scenarios, factoring in seasonal forecast. May also need support in developing district level contingency plans Review of the SADC DRR Strategic Plan FAO DRR Strategies FAO presented its DRR strategies. Disasters have the most severe consequences on poor, vulnerable and agriculturally dependent populations. One of the main aims of FAO is to increase community resilience to threats by looking at how to mitigate and reduce people s vulnerability to shocks in terms of livelihoods. FAO is taking a strategic approach to cover the four pillars of DRM, which are preparedness, prevention and mitigation, emergency response, and transition linked to development. FAO s overall goal is to assist governments, regional organizations and other stakeholders to protect and improve rural livelihoods, reduce vulnerability to shocks, and link short term emergency assistance with longer term sustainable development initiatives. 20

21 FAO has a great deal of technical expertise and scientific knowledge, and is seeking to share this knowledge and build partnerships. FAO has developed the first draft of its Regional Emergency DRR/DRM Strategy, which has the objective of improved preparedness for, and effective response to, food and agricultural threats and emergencies in the southern Africa region. Some of the results expected from this strategy include the integration of risk prevention and mitigation into policies, and improved transition and linkages between emergency, rehabilitation and development. FAO is also working with partners, for example the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), to scale up conservation agriculture in other regions. During plenary, FAO indicated that it has expertise in conducting vulnerability analysis and response activities in urban and peri urban settings. FAO also noted that it is seeking to make conservation agriculture, which has proved to be very successful, more sustainable by linking it to development policies, and extending it to more farmers. FAO made the recommendation that this workshop should expand its scope beyond preparedness to include prevention and mitigation, as well as consider how we can respond better to emergencies. WFP DRR Strategies WFP presented their Emergency Preparedness and Response Unit (EPR), which includes DRR amongst its services. WFP s strategic objectives include preventing acute hunger and investing in disaster preparedness and mitigation measures. Its approach is based on emergency needs assessments and moving beyond food aid to nutrition and food assistance as well as taking a lead in food security, logistics and telecommunications coordination. Its DRR strategy seeks to work in disaster affected and prone areas, build resilience at the community level, and partner with key stakeholders, including FAO, which has a great deal of technical expertise. In 2010/2011, WFP s regional bureau aims to strengthen regional partnerships and conduct trainings in preparedness planning, DRR and climate change adaptation (CCA). It will also seek to share best practices with countries, and support the mainstreaming of climate change in food security agendas and analysis. However, some of the challenges that WFP is facing in DRR include accessing appropriate funding instruments, the early introduction of DRR activities with early recovery, building strategic alliances that can deliver food security, and ensuring sustainable transition to development. WFP also noted that with regards to indigenous knowledge systems, they use the participatory approach in involving communities, and also combine traditional knowledge systems with scientific approaches. SADC DRR Strategic Plan Proposed Revisions and Updates A SADC consultant presented the progress made in revising the SADC DRR Strategic Plan. UNDP Mozambique, IFRC and FEWSNET were thanked for facilitating the process, which started in February The draft revised Strategic Plan will eventually be tabled at a SADC DRR Technical Committee Meeting, which will adopt or revise the Strategy, before it is finally presented to relevant SADC bodies for approval. Although the original SADC DRR Strategy was never fully implemented, certain mechanisms of the strategy have been, for example the establishment of the SADC DRR Unit. An overview of other relevant SADC strategic frameworks was provided, many of which support the development of the DRR Strategic Framework. Key elements of the revised strategy were also outlined. The aim of the strategy is to facilitate disaster risk and vulnerability reduction to impacts of disasters by providing a regional framework for coordinating DDR related activities between Member States. Part of the reason for 21

22 the revision is to align the DRR strategy with other regional and global frameworks, as well as to define roles, responsibilities and mechanisms for implementation. During discussion, participants noted that strengthening community resilience should be seen as a priority, and that this is a development issue. There were also suggestions that an Inter Ministerial Committee oversee the SADC DRRU, and that the implementation mechanism should also have links to SADC Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources (FANR). Linkages with Hyogo Framework, Africa Strategy and National Strategies UNISDR Secretariat presented the linkages between the global, regional, sub regional and national level frameworks, strategies, implementation/coordination structures and the progress made in the southern African region in the implementation of such frameworks and strategies. The HFA, Africa Regional Strategy and Programme of Action for DRR were referred to. As part of the institutional, technical and financial support for the implementation of DRR in this region, the partnership between SADC, UNISDR and the World Bank Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) for and its planned activities were presented. Other DRR related events in , including HFA National Reporting, World Disaster Reduction Campaign on Building Resilient Cities, as well as the expected adoption of the Programme of Action at the next African Union (AU) Summit in January 2011, were highlighted. UNISDR also presented specific challenges and issues that came up during the last national HFA reporting process in 2009, as well as during the recent revision process of the Africa Programme of Action, in order that these issues are considered in the revision of the SADC DRR Strategic Plan. During discussions it was noted that a mechanism is required in southern Africa to access UNISDR support, with UNISDR noting that the vacant senior officer position in the region will be filled as a matter of priority. There was also a suggestion that UNDP Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery (BCPR) participate in this workshop. A request from Members States was made for UNISDR to assist in sourcing funding for national DRR activities. WHO DRR Strategy for the Health Sector WHO provided an overview of DRR strategies for the health sector. Emergencies always impact public health, particularly the health system itself. Based on this fact and the HFA, WHO Member States have committed themselves to ensuring better emergency preparedness and response (EPR) and DRR. The basic principle of DRR in the health sector is to ensure the prevention of exposure to health hazards, reduce vulnerability to adverse health events and build the capacity and resilience of the health system to withstand disasters. Progress to date include WHO taking part in the second AU Inter Ministerial Conference in DRR, and ensuring that health was put on the agenda. At this conference WHO also made a commitment to supported AU and its Member States to implement the health component of the DRR strategy. An Africa Consultation on DRR in the health sector was also held, and during this consultation a road map was developed on rolling out health DRR in sub Saharan Africa. The WHO Safe Health Facilities Initiatives, as well as the Safe Health Facilities Index, were introduced during the presentation. WHO also highlighted the importance of community awareness and participation in 22

23 ensuring that all individuals access the healthcare system. As a final comment, UNISDR commended WHO and UNICEF on its efforts in collaboration. UNICEF DRR Mapping Update and DRR Strategy UNICEF provided an overview of their DRR strategy. Disaster risk is increasing, and is a main driver of poverty. Natural disasters, which affect 175 million children every year in eastern and southern Africa, are now becoming the focus of UNICEF in the region. Many of the countries in this region are also at a high risk of climate change. UNICEF is committed to the HFA, and among other activities endeavors to make DRR a priority, and to strengthen disaster preparedness, response and early recovery. Looking at UN coherence, UNICEF is also trying to ensure that DRR is integrated into United Nations Development Assistance Frameworks (UNDAFs), and that the Inter Agency Standing Committee (IASC) promotes DRR as a key strategy. UNICEF also recommended that best practices and lessons learned in DRR be shared between south south regions. A UNICEF consultant informed the group about a DRR mapping project. A survey was conducted of UNICEF country offices perception of DRR. Some preliminary findings show that UNICEF is well placed to include community participation in DRR. It was noted that the community is the first responder in any emergency, and it is important to bring a demand side to DRR, listening to the needs of the people, as compared to having merely a supply side. The problem with DRR at present is that the focus is too heavily on managing hazards, rather than reducing vulnerability. Resilience to disasters should be strengthened so that communities don t just bounce back, but rather bounce forward, to a better position than what they were before the disaster. It is also important to place DRR within the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and poverty reduction strategies. Governance also needs to be improved in order for any DRR programme to be effective. Plenary Discussions and Recommendations for the SADC DRR Strategy Participants were divided into groups and requested to provide feedback on various aspects of the SADC DRR Strategy which will be considered in its revision. Despite time constrains, groups were able to come up with some concrete suggestions to improve strategy implementation, and some potential challenges were also noted. SADC reminded participants that they can provide further feedback on this strategy up to December Below follows a summary of the group work, classified by SADC DRR Strategy Objective: Objective 1: Strengthen governance, legal and institutional frameworks at all levels of DRR The following activities and outputs should be considered for inclusion under Objective 1: Strategy Activity Outputs Advocacy aimed at strengthening regional and national DRR units Regional and national institutional mechanisms and national legislative frameworks Resource mobilization Community participation in DRR Enhance regional cooperation through bilateral and multi lateral agreements and protocols Review the necessary legislation to support DRR Capacity development in support of DRR Develop resource mobilization action plan Mobilize and train communities Regional and national DRR focal points appointed; DRR Units institutionalized; DRR plans developed and operationalized Updated legislation Well capacitated units; decentralized services Action plan developed and disseminated 23

24 Objective 2: Facilitate the identification, assessment and monitoring of disaster risks and support the enhancement of early warning systems at all levels The following should be included under this objective: o Establish or enhance the quality of information and data on disaster risks o Update identification, assessment and monitoring of hazards, vulnerabilities and capacities o Promote regular emergency simulation exercises Expected results should include: o risk identification, assessment and mapping o an increased ability among community members to develop and maintain early warning systems Add a measurable indicator for the activity: Develop and maintain infrastructure and scientific, technological, technical and institutional capacities, for research, observation, analysis and mapping for forecasting disaster risks Ensure that the measurable indicators capture the following: All SADC Member States should have subregional hazard risk and early warning systems, as well as protocols for sharing such early warning information with other countries The activity Develop training and learning programmes in DRR targeting specific sectors should be a policy statement only The building of indigenous knowledge should be strengthened, with the added aim of strengthening adaptation The objective/strategy should be rephrased as Integrate disaster risk reduction in emergency response management Prioritize training using local trainers and local material Adequate and standardised mechanisms should be identified to conduct risk assessments and identify vulnerability Objective 3: Promote the usage and management of information and knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels in the SADC region The following activities and outputs should be considered for inclusion under Objective 3: Strategy Activity Outputs Information Incorporate relevant indigenous knowledge and management and skills; enhance access to DRR information; exchange disseminate easily understood and relevant information Education and Identify training needs; develop training and training learning programmes in DRR; promote mainstreaming of DRR into school curricula streamlined Public awareness Engage media to stimulate awareness (including traditional means of communication) Updated information sharing website; information produced and disseminated Training needs identified; training and learning programmes developed and Improved community participation in DRR Public awareness of DRR should be increased. This could be done by improving dissemination of information and promoting DRR in the education and health sectors Existing information should be collected and collated and gaps should be identified. This information should be used for training purposes. ZRBI could be used for training material Objective 4: Ensure that DRR becomes a national and local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation Embed DRR activities in other sectors, including the military and the private sector Information sharing should go beyond schools to include for example religious groups Final responsibility should lie with senior politicians Non state actors should be included Strong legal frameworks exists, but should be revisited to include DRR 24

25 Under activities, change phrasing from post disaster recovery to early recovery Objective 5: Integration of preparedness and emergency response into DRR interventions The objective should be rephrased as Integrate DRR in emergency response management The following activity should be added: Promote regular emergency management simulation exercises Activity 5 should be reworded as: Strengthening coordinated emergency management mechanisms at the regional and national level Challenges include the lack of political will, inadequate resources and lack of mainstreaming DRR into development General Comments CCA should be included in all DRR related activities Annual progress reports on implementation should be issued, possibly through the HFA progress reporting mechanism The SADC Strategy requires a programme of action to address implementation, responsibilities, indicators and results Activities should have timelines General challenges in implementing strategy Lack of resources, both technical and financial Lack of awareness (e.g. among teachers, media, students) and knowledge of DRR Low political commitment and lack of ownership Unwillingness of governments to priorities funds for DRR and preparedness Lack of prioritization by disaster managers Inability to articulate issues and convince decision makers Lack of data Adoption within SADC secretariat is slow and there is a lack of regional coordination efforts at SADC level Asymmetries in level of capacity level among SADC Member States Lack of resources for efficient emergency management services (communication and logistical needs) Capacity Development Needs for DRR in the SADC Region Multi layer DRR Capacity Development in SADC The African Centre for Disaster Research (ACDR) presented a draft concept paper, which is aimed at considering integrated and multi sector stakeholder capacity development initiatives for the SADC region. SADC is not taking full ownership of its capacity development, and there is a great reliance on outside partners. There is also limited specialized skills and knowledge base for DRR in the region. To address these issues, a four tier approach should be taken: Assisting SADC DRR Secretariat Priority country DRR/CCA capacity development Supporting institutions of higher learning, both in training and research Research based capacity development The full concept paper, which discusses this approach in depth, can be downloaded at > Publications > Working Papers. 25

26 Partnerships in DRR The Swedish Civil Contingencies Agencies (MSB) MSB is a Government agency whose mandate spans the entire spectrum of threats and risks, from everyday accidents to major disasters. MSB spreads knowledge and works with legislation, advice and support to reduce the number of emergencies and their consequences, and runs training courses in the area of civil protection, risk and safety. MSB is a needs driven implementer with a mandate for, among other things, humanitarian operations, DRR capacity development, early recovery operations and training courses. It has partnerships with SADC and a number of NGOs and UN agencies. It has a number of planned activities in southern Africa for 2010 and beyond, which include supporting SADC DRRU. MSB is considering how best to support to DRRU and strengthen regional coordination. Capacity for Disaster Reduction Initiative (CADRI) and its Services CADRI is an inter Agency initiative of UNDP BCPR, OCHA and UNISDR to support the three organizations to deliver as one for capacity development for DRR. It was launched in June 2007 and has eight staff. CADRI s main objective is to advance knowledge and practice for the development of sustainable DRR capacities. Its target audience is UN Resident Coordinators (RCs)/ Humanitarian Coordinators (HCs). It supports an integrated approach by the three organizations for enhancing the capacity of UN RCs/HCs and Agency heads to strategically lead DRR. CADRI responds to requests for DRR capacity enhancement services, in line with the HFA and Regional Strategies. Services offered by CADRI include the following: Capacity Development Advisory Services for national authorities and organisations on capacity assessment and strategy formulation, costing and evaluation of capacity enhancement measures and interventions Training and facilitation services for formulating learning strategies and for training design and delivery; organisation and facilitation of meetings that require the engagement of diverse actors and stakeholders Tools and material development and adaptation, including learning packages, capacity development methodologies, and information resources on capacity development topics Knowledge exchange and networking in order to foster partnerships, to generate and to disseminate good practices, establish and promote the further engagement of communities of practice and networks Plenary session ACDS noted that countries are selected for DRR training based on an assessment that considers risk profile, immediate needs and what is available in country On the need for capacity development to target vulnerable communities, ACDS noted this is true, but that elites must also be trained in order that they do not make decisions that negatively impact the poor UNISDR noted that ZRBI addresses the needs of vulnerable communities. MSB mentioned that they are also engaged in community level risk management with Red Cross Societies. UNISDR noted the importance of developing the capacity of early warning systems, particularly seasonal forecasts and cross border early warning systems MSB noted that although it is not a donor, it has an agreement with the Swedish donor CIDA, which allows it to access funds quite rapidly when there is a need for a fast response UNISDR said that in terms of training, not only senior UN management is targeted, but also UN country teams and governments. UNISDR is aiming to influence the UN at the highest level, with UNISDR intervention being a catalyser. Those trained by UNISDR are better placed to actually deliver, with UNISDR supporting 26

27 UNISDR is a small secretariat, and still looking at mechanisms to mobilize expertise necessary for delivering services. Consultants have been used in the past, and UNISDR is now moving more towards relying on partners ACDS said that the demand for training in DRR outstrips supply, with prospective students from across the region seeking to study at ACDS The comment was made that research is essential, as the data needed to persuade decision makers of the importance of DRR are often lacking Formulating of Workshop Outcomes and Recommendations The final part of the day was spent on developing outcomes and recommendations, based on the discussions that took place during the workshop. This report can be found in Annex B. Closing Remarks The SADC Secretariat, OCHA and UNISDR gave the closing remarks. Member States, the SADC Secretariat and ICPs were all thanked for their contribution to the workshop. Countries were requested to volunteer hosting next year s SADC Preparedness Workshop to enable adequate time for planning and preparation. 27

28 BCPR ACDS AU CCA CSC COMESA COVACA DIPECHO DRM DRR DRRU EPR FANR FAO FEWSNET GFDRR HC HFA IASC ICP IDRL IFRC MDGs NDMC NVAC OCHA PMU RC RVAC SADC SARCOF UNDAF UNDP UNISDR UZ WFP WHO ZRBI Annex A: List of Acronyms UNDP Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery African Centre for Disaster Research, North West University African Union Climate Change Adaptation Climate Services Centre Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa Vulnerability Assessments and Capacity Analysis The European Commission Humanitarian Aid Department s Disaster Preparedness Programme Disaster Risk Management Disaster Risk Reduction SADC Disaster Risk Reduction Unit Emergency Preparedness and Response Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources The UN Food and Agricultural Organization Famine Early Warning Systems Network World Bank Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery Humanitarian Coordinators Hyogo Framework for Action The Inter Agency Standing Committee International Cooperating Partners International Disaster Response Laws International Federation of the Red Cross Millennium Development Goals National Disaster Management Centre National Vulnerability Assessment Committee United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs SADC Project Management Unit Resident Coordinators Regional Vulnerability Assessment Committee Southern African Development Community Southern African Regional Climate Outlook Forum United Nations Development Assistance Framework United Nations Development Programme United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction University of Zimbabwe United Nations World Food Programme World Health Organization Zambezi River Basin Initiative 28

29 Annex B: Workshop Outcomes and Recommendations Report Outcomes and Recommendations of the SADC Disaster Risk Reduction and Preparedness Planning Workshop 5 8 October 2010 Gaborone, Botswana The 2010 SADC Disaster Risk Reduction and Preparedness Planning Workshop was held under the theme Strengthening Partnership for Effective Disaster Risk Reduction. During the event, the SADC Secretariat, its Member States and their International Cooperating Partners highlighted the importance of being able to react fast to emergencies and develop effective contingency plans, as well as the operational structures required to implement such plans. Further, they agreed that the governments of this region, with support from their cooperating partners, have made much progress and in some cases set a very high standard for preparing for and responding to disasters. However, the focus now is to move beyond this to ensure even greater disaster risk reduction. Given that disasters are often trans boundary in nature and thus require regional responses, there are key challenges facing DRR implementation in the region, specifically: 1) institutional frameworks for DRR at the regional, national and, in some cases, local/community level, which are often under funded and not coordinated; 2) lack of comprehensive and constantly updated risk assessments and analysis; 3) lack of information and knowledge management systems; and, 4) the need to reduce underlying risk factors. Furthermore, this situation is exacerbated by HIV and AIDS with southern Africa, which remains the epicentre of the global epidemic, with infection rates of above 20 percent in a number of countries. Drought and food insecurity continue to be recurrent problems for many countries in southern Africa. It is expected that about four million people will be food insecure for the agriculture marketing year. Similarly, current malnutrition rates in the region are still among the highest in the world. Additionally, cholera has become endemic in the region, and, with other epidemics, including measles and malaria, continue to cause significant loss of lives. Against this backdrop and with climate change likely to worsen the frequency and magnitude of hydrometeorological hazards, governments and partners need to implement radical measures to ensure community safety and protection of economic assets. The upward trend in disaster frequency and impacts is likely to continue unless we act now and decisively. Good disaster risk reduction depends on coordination efforts of all involved and at all levels. 29

30 The region is expected to receive above average rainfall this season, particularly in the period January to March It is thus important to plan for possible flooding. However, some areas are also expected to receive below normal rainfall. Therefore, to build community resilience to disasters, it is critical to assist governments, regional organisations and other stakeholders to protect and improve rural livelihoods, reduce vulnerability to shocks and link short term emergency assistance with longer term sustainable development initiatives. To this end, in line with the programme of action for the implementation of the Africa Regional Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction for the period , SADC still has a critical role to play in facilitating DRR and promoting sustainable development. Thus, the SADC Secretariat, its Member States national disaster authorities and their International Cooperating Partners agreed that, subject to availability of funding and within a reasonable timeframe for implementation (not exceeding one year), the following points should be taken into consideration: A SADC high level Ministerial meeting needs to be convened urgently to discuss the DRR agenda, in order to enhance its implementation within SADC (Action: SADC DRRU, Member States) Member States and partners need to develop protocols amongst themselves regarding collaboration on DRR issues, with support from the SADC Secretariat (Action: Member States, partners and SADC DRRU) Member States and collaborating partners are urged to further mainstream and institutionalise DRR into their sector programmes as well as within the MDGs and poverty reduction strategies (Action: Member States and partners) Member States are encouraged to continue conducting and participating in cross country multi sectoral disaster simulations, as such activities can lead to enhanced regional partnerships for DRM (Action: Member States and SADC DRRU) The SADC Disaster Risk Reduction Unit (DRRU) urgently needs to be strengthened to provide leadership and coordination regarding DRR matters in the region (Action: SADC DRRU, Member States and partners) A mechanism is required in southern Africa to access UNISDR support; and Member States also requested the assistance of UNISDR s partners in sourcing funding for national DRR activities (Action: ISDR, partners, and Member States) The Early Warning Centre in the SADC should be utilised to disseminate early warning information on hazards and disasters, including floods, cyclones and epidemics (Action: SADC DRRU and Member States) Collaboration and support to the regional climate service centre and academic institutions should be strengthened for research and information dissemination on DRR. To achieve this, mapping and capacity needs assessments are recommended ( Action: SADC DRRU, universities and partners) Contingency Plans should to be submitted to the SADC DRR Unit by 31 December 2010 (Action: Member States) The SADC DRR Unit should periodically disseminate updates on the progress made in the implementation of recommendations (Action: SADC DRRU) In addition, partners noted the following: SADC Member States, in line with the Hyogo Framework for Action and the Africa Regional Strategy for DRR, are encouraged to revise the SADC DRR Strategic Plan in due course in order to address specific needs of Member States (Action: Member States) 30

31 The national, regional and international institutions participating in this meeting (referred as the partners ) are committed to supporting the SADC Member States in the implementation of the SADC DRR Strategy and assisting the SADC DRR Unit in its facilitation of such processes (Action: Partners) Such partner support can only complement strong engagement by the Member States to provide tangible support to the SADC DRR Unit (Action: Member States and SADC DRRU) In order to better understand the strengths and weaknesses of the SADC DRR Unit and to assess the expectations of Member States, partners hereby express their willingness to support the capacity needs assessment planned by the DRR Unit. This assessment shall serve as the baseline for discussing and devising future capacity development plans and activities in line with the revised SADC DRR Strategic Plan (Action: Partners and SADC DRRU) The partners recommend a fully funded, dedicated, sustainable system wide coordination on DRR at the regional level in southern Africa. The partners request that UNISDR and UNDP Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery (UNBCPR) play a larger role in this process (Action: OCHA, UNISDR and partners) The SADC Member States present recognized the challenges facing the DRR Unit at the Secretariat and urged the International Cooperating Partners to assist in terms of strengthening capacity at the SADC DRR Unit, in terms of funding and expertise, as well as in its implementation of the SADC DRR Strategy. On their part, SADC Member States committed to ensure sustainability of programmes and activities thereafter. In closing, participants agreed that all these recommendations should be endorsed and approved by the Director of the Organ at the SADC Secretariat. 31

32 Annex C: SARCOF Outlook Forum Statement 32

33 33

34 34

35 35

36 36

37 Annex D: Welcome Remarks 37

38 38

39 39

40 40

41 41

42 42

43 Annex E: Official Opening Address 43

44 44

45 45

46 Annex F: Key Note Address Key Note Address Strengthening Partnership for Regional Disaster Risk Reduction: Challenges and Concerns By Kelly David Head of the OCHA Regional Office for Southern and Eastern Africa The SADC Director of the Organ on Politics, Defense, Peace and Security, our host from Botswana, other SADC secretariat representatives and Member States, international partners, ladies and gentlemen; It is a great honor for me to be addressing this gathering for the fourth time since 2007, when these consultations, then on emergency preparedness, began and has since turned into an annual event. Let me start by commending SADC for bringing us all together here today in Gaborone from different parts of the world for this noble cause. Unlike in 2007, when these consultations were attended by only some Member States and a handful of international cooperating partners, we today have representatives from as far as Sweden (MSB) and are joined also by some academic institutions, as well as donors, non governmental organizations and UN agencies, which serves to highlight the significance attached to this event. It is a very rare opportunity to have such a diverse range and multi disciplinary group of people coming together to speak with one voice for a single cause. This is in line with the selected theme of this workshop, which is strengthening partnership for effective DRR in the region. It is no longer disputable that the countries of southern Africa and indeed the rest of the world have for the past decade been experiencing an unprecedented increase in the frequency, magnitude and impact of disasters. Some examples of this from the region: Drought and food insecurity are recurrent problems for many countries in southern Africa. The 1992 drought affected close to 14 million people in the region, while about four million people are food insecure for the agriculture marketing year; Heavy rainfall and cyclones are also an increasingly common feature of the region. Cyclone Eline (2000) and cyclone Japhet (2001) affected more than 2 million people in Mozambique alone and took the lives about 700 people. Floods in 2008 also affected about 8 countries, while annually we see countries, such as Namibia and Mozambique, facing recurrent, serious flooding; Cholera has become endemic in the region, meaning it is now prevalent all year round, not just during peak rainy periods. Other epidemics, including of measles and malaria, continue to cause significant loss of lives. A cholera outbreak in 2008/09 affected more than 160,000 people and left about 5,000 dead, with the largest number of casualties in Zimbabwe. The region has also experienced earthquakes (Malawi 2010), and while for now these have not been of high magnitude, the threat of more significant earthquakes remains. 46

47 This situation is of course exacerbated by HIV and AIDS with southern Africa, which remains the epicenter of the global epidemic, with infection rates of above 20 percent in Swaziland, Botswana and Lesotho. Against this backdrop and with climate change likely to worsen the frequency and magnitude of hydrometeorological hazards, governments and partners need to implement radical measures to ensure community safety and protection of economic assets. The upward trend in disaster frequency and impacts is likely to continue unless if we act now and decisively. The governments of this region, with support from their cooperating partners, have made much progress and in some cases set a very high standard for preparing for and responding to disasters. However, our focus has been dominated by what happens immediately before, during and after a disaster; and this alone is neither adequate, not does it provide a lasting solution to the ever increasing disasters. Hence, our focus today on what we can do beyond this, to ensure even greater disaster risk reduction. SADC was one of the first Regional Economic Commissions in Africa to develop a disaster risk reduction strategy. It did so in 2001, long before the Africa disaster reduction strategy was finalized by the AU in 2004 and the world came together to agree the Hyogo Framework of Action in But there are still a number of challenges faced to fully implement this strategy. Some of the challenges highlighted by a 2003 review of the AU s DRR strategy are still relevant for us today. I will speak to four of these, having to do with: 1. Institutional frameworks for DRR at the regional, national and, in some cases, local/community level; 2. Comprehensive risk assessments and analysis; 3. Information and knowledge management systems; and 4. The need to reduce underlying risk factors. Institutional and legislative systems SADC has a Disaster Risk Reduction Unit, which led the efforts to bring us all together today and is indeed commendable. It unfortunately still remains under staffed and under resourced, with only one staff member. This hinders the unit from being able to offer timely assistance as required by Member States and other partners. There is also and here I am speaking to the UN system no regional DRR coordination fora that can bring together partners in support of SADC s efforts. Instead, there are partners and academic institutions developing approaches, strategies and programmes, often separately. We have a strong international regional Emergency Preparedness and Response fora, chaired by OCHA, but it alone cannot address the full range of DRR considerations. There is a critical need for a more comprehensive and systematic coordination of partners to rationalize and prioritize all of the current thinking on DRR, in order to provide more systematic and sustainable support to SADC and its Member States. At present, disaster risk reduction is the buzz word of the day: it has become everyone s business, but no single one amongst us can realize real gains without greater cooperation, and for this we need a strong regional coordinator on both sides of our cooperation, within SADC and for the supporting international community efforts. Further, I do not think it is controversial to say that at the national level, a number of the national DRR platforms have not been performing well and in some cases exist only in name. Very often, existing local structures for the coordination of DRR have not been given full consideration. In some countries, local level DRR structures have been identified, but are also not functioning, especially at district and community level. The situation is worsened by the lack of well defined DRR strategies at the national level for most governments in the region. Meanwhile, a number of international partners are still not clear of their role in 47

48 DRR, despite it at present being a common reference topic for all programming and resource mobilization strategies. Lastly, these institutional structures would need to be supported by strong legislative frameworks, which in a number of countries are currently not well developed; or if they have been developed, have yet to be fully implemented. Risk identification and analysis The compounded nature of hazards and vulnerabilities pose a challenge to effective DRR implementation in the region. A number of the hazard facing the region, such as floods and epidemics, are trans boundary nature. Additionally, increasing level of migration from the Horn and Great Lakes, and within southern Africa, brings with it additional case loads of vulnerable people. Most migrants live in squalid conditions in urban and peri urban areas, which are at risk of epidemics, floods and social unrest. Despite these vulnerabilities, no constantly updated and monitored multi hazard risk analysis is currently available particularly in urban risk areas. The national vulnerability assessment committees the VACS are at different levels of capacity, with most still having a strong bias towards food security. The Zambezi River Basin initiative being led by IFRC and its host governments is a good starting point for addressing some of these concerns. And, it is at present a pilot project, which may not capture the diverse range of risks experienced in other countries outside the Zambezi, which taken collectively have many additional implications for regional DRR efforts. We must take note here that small, but recurrent, disasters often cause more destruction cumulatively than some of the large scale disasters that tend to draw the attention of the international media. Due to the compounded nature of risks in the region, any small scale disaster is likely to cause high levels of damage since vulnerability is so exacerbated by the recurrent nature of disasters, which give communities little to no time to recover in between shocks. Lastly, planning in a number of cases is not informed by a comprehensive risk analysis and thus it may not address the priority needs for effective DRR. Information and knowledge systems While information is key to effective DRR particularly in preparedness and response communication systems in disaster high risk areas in many cases remain weak. Most flood and epidemic high risk areas including the Zambezi valley in Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe experience challenges in transport and communication systems. Early warning systems are also not well implemented, particularly at the community level and for some regional trans boundary hazards, such as floods between Angola and Namibia, and Mozambique and Zimbabwe. Research at higher institutions of learning often does not seem to feed into DRR programming by governments and other organizations. A few countries such as Zimbabwe and Zambia have introduced DRR in secondary schools, but most countries do not have DRR as part of their curricula at the secondary school level. There are also a number of mushrooming DRR courses in universities and some vocational colleges across the region, but to our knowledge there are no agreed standards for these. The curriculum in some cases does not address regional DRR needs and priorities, as defined by SADC and its Member States; and thus all too often remains quite theoretical. Lastly, while much knowledge and information work is being led by governments and organizations at various levels, there is no central depository for all information on DRR approaches and activities. On this point, it is heartening to note that the SADC website is now at an advanced stage and will soon provide a one stop shop on DRR in the region. 48

49 Reducing underlying risk factors The link between disasters and development is now widely accepted. It is clear that some of the root causes of disasters are deeply entrenched in development failures or the lack of development. The high levels of poverty in southern Africa more than 50 percent of its people live below USD 1 per day worsens vulnerability to disasters. Community resilience to disasters calls for the strengthening of development interventions that address livelihoods. DRR should not be our end goal, but a process towards building resilience and sustainable development. In part due to disasters, most southern African countries are not going to be able to meet their Millenium Development Goals (MDGs). We should not continue to blame nature for our failures. Natural hazards have always been a part of life and will continue to be so. But most, if not all disasters, are human caused and require human solutions. The way forward In line with the programme of action for the implementation of the Africa regional strategy for disaster risk reduction for the period 2006 to 2015, SADC still has a critical role to play in facilitating DRR and promoting sustainable development. 1. SADC should strengthen its role of providing strategic guidance to member states and their partners in developing and implementing DRR strategies. The current lack of a regional platform to bring partners together on DRR issues needs urgent attention and support. Meanwhile, fragmented DRR initiatives by NGOs, UN agencies and other partners need to be coordinated in support of a common regional DRR strategy. We also need to define the role of the private sector in DRR and engage with these actors much more. 2. Political commitment from SADC Member States is required at all levels to support the proper functioning of the DRR unit. This requires the commitment of resources from Member States, as well as further resource mobilization strategies so that these mechanisms are sustainable. Donors may come and go, but disasters will continue to negatively impact on all of southern Africa. There is therefore a need to make DRR a regional and national priority with sustainable solutions. 3. Disasters are a development problem. Thus, there is a need to conquer development challenges that may worsen vulnerabilities and cause disasters. No one of us can do this alone. We all have a role to play for a comprehensive and holistic approach to DRR. This should also include increasing consideration of gender sensitivity in DRR initiatives, policies and legislation. It is pleasing to note that SADC has a gender unit and we call upon them to be more proactive in ensuring that DRR policies and programmes are gender sensitive. 4. We should also not hesitate to work more closely with the media, which currently largely limits its reporting to the occurrence of disasters. We should engage them to play a more central role in disseminating information on DRR, including early warning information. 5. We also need to continue learning from communities that have been living with risks for years, and to involve them at every level of planning and implementation. The paternalistic approach where we view at risk people as objects of mercy who cannot survive without our intervention should be discarded. If we are to succeed in promoting DRR and sustainable development, we need to plan with the people not plan for them. They should lead in identifying risks and developing strategies for DRR, while we support them in this endeavour. In conclusion, we have come a long way together and we should continue pursuing this just cause, not for own individual or organizational benefits, but for vulnerable people affected by disasters most of which can be avoided year after year. As organizations and partners, we should ask what we can to together to 49

50 ensure an effective SADC DRR system. While we may continue to talk with different voices for the next four days due to our diversity, we should, when we end, be able to speak with one voice on what needs to be done next to achieve more meaningful DRR for the people of southern Africa. The task before us is huge, but not impossible if we set clear priorities and work together with strong commitment. I thank you. 50

51 Country /Organisation Name Department Annex G: List of Participants Telephone Number Angola Carmo Monte Negro Civil Protection of Angola Angola Anacleta G Fernandes Civil Protection of Angola [email protected] Angola Bencao Cavila Abilio Civil Protection of Angola [email protected] Angola Joaquim Xavier Civil Protection [email protected] Angola Fracelino Octavio SADC/Angola [email protected] Botswana A.B.Lefaphane DMS [email protected] Botswana Botswana Botswana Botswana Botswana Akshatvishal Chaturredi Florah Mmereki Londiwe Khoza Maeletso Pego Moagi Baleseng National Disaster Management Office [email protected] WENA Environmental Educaton and Trust News [email protected] National Disaster Management Office [email protected] National Disaster Management Office [email protected] National Disaster Management Office [email protected]

52 Botswana Botswana Nkosiyabo Moyo T.Siya National Disaster Management Office National Disaster Management Office Botswana Titus L. Makosha Botswana Red Cross FAO Alexandros Yiannopoulos FAO REOSA FAO Cindy Holleman FAO REOSA FAO Per Spolander UN FAO Regional Emergency Office FEWSNET Phumzile Mdladla FEWSNET Southern Africa FEWSNET Tamuka Magadzire FEWSNET Southern Africa Global Crisis Solutions David Mwaniki GCS Head Office IFRC Farid Abdulkadir IFRC Regional UNISDR Yoko Hagiwara UN ISDR Africa Lesotho Boitumelo Seatle Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security Lesotho Deborah Nkokana Lesotho Red Cross

53 Lesotho M. Nojaki Prime Minister's Office Lesotho Retsepile Neko Lesotho Meteorological Services Lesotho Moliehi Matabane Prime Minister's Office Madagascar Rahasinirina Claire UNDP Madagascar Rakotonirainy Louis de Gonzague BNGRC Madagascar Rakotoson Rija UNOCHA RCO Malawi Atupele Kapile UNDP Malawi Malawi Fyasoupi Mwafongo Masawani Jere Malawi Tapona Msowoya UNDP Department of Disaster Management Affairs Department of Disaster Management Affairs Malawi Noud Leenders DoDMA/ UNDP Mozambique Dulce Chilundo National Institute for Disaster Management OCHA Caroline Blay OCHA ROSEA

54 OCHA Francis Battal OCHA ROSEA OCHA Hein Zeelie OCHA ROSEA OCHA Odile Bulten OCHA ROSEA OCHA Tinago Chikoto OCHA ROSEA OCHA Elias Mabaso OCHA ROSEA OCHA Kelly David OCHA ROSEA SADC Kennedy Masamvu DRR Unit SADC Ron Cadribo National University of Lesotho SADC Lukwikila Metikwiza Organ Seychelles Alain De Comarmond Division of Risk and Disaster Management, Department of Environment, Ministry of Home Affairs, Environment and Transport South Africa Charles Theu National Health /5 54

55 South Africa South Africa Colonel E.H. Mahlabane Mark Van Staden South Africa Police Services Disaster Management Department of Cooperative Governance, National Disaster Management Centre South Africa Mthembeni Khumalo SA High Commission South Africa Mmaphaka Tau DCOG/NDMC South Africa Mike Seloane DCOG Swaziland Oscar Dlamini Ministry of Defense Swaziland Samkeliso Dlamini NDMA DPMs Office Sweden Lars Johansson MSB Sweden Leif Jonsson MSB Tanzania Naima Mrisho Disaster Mangement Department UNFPA Siti Batoul Oussein UNFPA Regional UNISDR/CADRI Lars Bernd CADRI

56 United Kingdom Philip O'Keefe Consultant WHO Olushayo Olu WHO Sub Regional Office for Eastern and Southern Africa Zambia Mulenga Dominiciano DMMU OVP Zambia Yande Mwape DMMU OVP Zimbabwe Barnabas Chipindu University of Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Goodson Murinye WVI Southern Africa Zimbabwe Nawaz Khan UNOCHA Zimbabwe Reynold Ndoro Met Office Zimbabwe Sibusisiwe Ndlovu Civil Protection Zimbawe WFP Cristiano Mandra WFP Regional Office SADC Brad Garan'anga SADC CSC