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1
2 The Child Protection Working Group (CPWG) is the global level forum for coordination on child protection in humanitarian settings. The group brings together NGOs, UN agencies, academics and others under the shared objective of ensuring more predictable, accountable and effective child protection responses in emergencies. In the humanitarian system, the CPWG constitutes an area of responsibility within the Global Protection Cluster.
3
4 Acknowledgements ChildFund Child Soldiers International Columbia University Danish Refugee Council Geneva Call Handicap International ICRC International Rescue Committee Islamic Relief Worldwide International Labour Organization Keeping Children Safe Norwegian Refugee Council Plan International Save the Children SOS Children s Villages Terre des Hommes UNDPKO UNHCR UNICEF War Child Women's Refugee Commission World Vision International Funded by: Designed by: Suggested citation: 3
5
6 Foreword Louise Aubin UNHCR Rashid Khalikov OCHA 5
7
8 Table of ContentS
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10
11
12 INTRODUCTION
13 What is child protection in emergencies? 13
14 The international legal basis for child protection in emergencies
15 Four key principles set out by the CRC, and their relevance to humanitarian action: 15
16 How does child protection fit within humanitarian action? 16
17 What is the purpose of these standards? How do these standards link with the Sphere Project and other standards? 17
18 What does each standard contain? 18
19 Who are the standards intended for? 19
20 How were the standards developed and what are they based on? 20
21 What is meant by minimum standards, and what happens if they cannot be met? 21
22 How do I use the standards in my context? 22
23 At what stage of humanitarian action do the standards apply? 23
24
25 PRINCIPLES AND APPROACHES PRINCIPLES AND APPROACHES
26 Principles and approaches The considerations in this section are key to the full application and attainment of the standards, and should be used and presented alongside the standards. Principles 1-4 are the Protection Principles in the Sphere child protection.
27 Principle 1: Avoid exposing people to further harm as a result of your actions 27
28 Principle 2: Ensure people s access to impartial assistance 28
29 Principle 3: Protect people from physical and psychological harm arising from violence and coercion Principle 4: Assist people to claim their rights, access available remedies and recover from the effects of abuse 29
30 Principle 5: Strengthen child protection systems 30
31 Principle 6: Strengthen children s resilience in humanitarian action 31
32 32
33 STANDARDS
34 STANDARDS TO ENSURE A QUALITY CHILD PROTECTION RESPONSE Ensure a quality response
35 standards to ensure a quality child protection response These standards focus on key programming components, including: They do not aim to replace the existing policies and The standards that follow in the next section are related
36 STANDARD 1 COORDINATION standard 1 Standard Key actions 37
37 standard 1 38
38 standard 1 39
39 standard 1 MeasuremenT 40
40 Guidance notes 1. Responsibility for coordination: standard 1 3. Provider of last resort: 41
41 standard 1 5. Sensitive issues: 7. Global-level CPWG: 42
42 References standard 1 43
43 standard 2 STANDARD 2 Human resources Standard Key actions 44
44 standard 2 45
45 standard 2 MeasuremenT Guidance notes 3. Staff capacity: 46
46 4. Gender: standard 2 5. Disability: 47
47 standard 2 7. Capacity building: 9. Child protection policy: 10. Staff wellbeing: 48
48 References standard 2 49
49 standard 3 STANDARD 3 Communication, advocacy and media Standard Key actions 50
50 standard 3 51
51 standard 3 MeasuremenT 52
52 Guidance notes 1. Organizational guidance: standard 3 2. Building national capacity for advocacy: 4. Participation: 53
53 standard 3 54
54 References standard 3 55
55 standard 4 STANDARD 4 Programme cycle management UNDERSTAND learn know plan and implement analyse 56 Standard Key actions
56 standard 4 57
57 MeasuremenT standard Guidance notes 2. Coordination structure: 58
58 standard 4 5. Data disaggregation: 6. Inclusion: 59
59 standard 4 8. Life with dignity: 10. Ensuring the views of affected people, including children: 60
60 References standard 4 61
61 STANDARD 5 Information management standard 5 (1) (2) (3) Standard Key actions 62
62 standard 5 63
63 MeasuremenT standard 5 Guidance notes 1. Coordination: 64
64 standard 5 3. Security precautions: 65
65 standard 5 6. Mandatory Reporting: 66
66 standard 5 67
67 References standard 5 68
68 STANDARD 6 Child protection monitoring standard 6 Standard Key actions 69
69 standard 6 70
70 MeasuremenT standard 6 Guidance notes 1. Mapping: 71
71 standard 6 3. Coordination: 4. Training: 72
72 standard 6 73
73 standard 6 74
74 References standard 6 75
75
76 STANDARDS TO address child protection needs Address needs
77 standards to address child protection needs areas of work and critical issues in child protection: groups
78 STANDARD 7 Dangers and injuries standard 7 Standard Key actions 79
79 standard 7 80
80 MeasuremenT standard 7 Guidance notes 1. Physical dangers and risks: 2. Data collection: 81
81 standard 7 82
82 5. Schools: standard 7 7. Survivor assistance: 83
83 References standard 7 84
84 STANDARD 8 Physical violence and other harmful practices standard 8 Standard Key actions 85
85 standard 8 86
86 MeasuremenT standard 8 Guidance notes 87
87 standard 8 4. Awareness: 6. Interviews: 88
88 7. Gender: standard 8 89
89 References standard 8 90
90 STANDARD 9 Sexual violence standard 9 Standard Key actions 91
91 standard 9 92
92 MeasuremenT standard 9 93
93 Guidance notes 1. Awareness: standard 9 2. Capacity building: 4. Code of conduct: 94
94 standard 9 8. Interviews: 9. Adolescents: 10. Children and adolescents with disabilities: 95
95 References standard 9 96
96 STANDARD 10 Psychosocial distress and mental disorders Standard standard 10 Key actions 97
97 standard 10 MeasuremenT 98
98 Guidance notes 1. Multi-layered supports: standard 10 intervention pyramid Examples 99
99 standard Early childhood: 100
100 7. Support to caregivers: 8. Monitoring wellbeing: standard
101 References standard
102 STANDARD 11 Children associated with armed forces or armed groups Standard standard 11 Key actions 103
103 standard
104 MeasuremenT standard 11 Guidance notes 1. Advocacy: 105
105 standard Release: 106
106 standard
107 standard Reintegration: 108
108 standard
109 References standard
110 STANDARD 12 Child labour standard 12 To be eliminated To be eliminated as a mater of urgency activities not to necessarily be eliminated 111
111 Standard Key actions standard
112 MeasuremenT standard 12 Guidance notes 113
113 standard Hazardous work: 3. Children who need targeted help: 114
114 5. Support provided to children: standard
115 References standard
116 STANDARD 13 Unaccompanied and separated children standard 13 Standard 117
117 A. Key actions - identification, documentation, tracing and reunification (IDTR) standard
118 standard
119 B. Key actions - alternative care standard
120 MeasuremenT standard
121 Guidance notes 1. First days: standard Coordination: 122
122 standard
123 standard Tracing: 124
124 10. Follow-up: standard
125 standard
126 References standard
127 STANDARD 14 Justice for children standard
128 Standard Key actions standard
129 MeasuremenT standard 14 Guidance notes 1. Deprivation of liberty: 130
130 3. Advocacy: standard
131 References standard
132 STANDARDS TO develop adequate child protection strategies Develop strategies
133 standards to develop adequate child protection strategies Standards in this area include the main child protection needs. As with all other standards, they are based on include standards relating to:
134 STANDARD 15 Case management standard 15 Standard 135
135 Key actions standard
136 standard
137 MeasuremenT standard 15 Guidance notes 2. Analysing what is possible: 138
138 4. Standard operation procedures (SOPs): standard Staff capacity: 139
139 7. Prioritising cases: standard Case plans: 140
140 10. Case conferences: 12. Closing a case: standard
141 References standard
142 STANDARD 16 Community-based mechanisms Standard Key actions standard
143 standard
144 MeasuremenT Guidance notes 1. External aid: 2. Ownership: standard
145 5. Capacity Building: standard Subgroups: 7. Messages: 146
146 9. Urban settings: 10. Funding: standard
147 References standard
148 STANDARD 17 Child-friendly spaces Standard standard 17 Key actions 149
149 standard
150 MeasuremenT Guidance notes 1. Appropriateness: standard
151 3. Age and gender sensitivity: standard Disability awareness: 5. Play: 6. Schools: 152
152 7. Parents: 8. Capacity building: 9. Monitoring: standard
153 References standard
154 STANDARD 18 Protecting excluded children Standard Key actions standard
155 standard
156 MeasuremenT Guidance notes standard
157 2. Identifying excluded children: standard Children with disabilities (CwD): 158
158 6. Children living and working on the streets (CLWS): 7. Children affected by HIV: standard
159 standard
160 References standard
161
162 Standards to mainstream child protection in other humanitarian sectors Mainstream child protection
163 Standards to mainstream child protection in other humanitarian sectors Why should child protection be mainstreamed? Many threats to the safety and wellbeing of children can be of humanitarian aid in all other sectors. Furthermore, all sectors the immediate humanitarian response, all humanitarian sectors Mainstreaming child protection, or ensuring that child protection considerations inform all aspects of humanitarian action, helps to maximise the child protection impacts of exacerbated by programmes designed without proper mainstreaming child protection is part of compliance with the do no harm principle. What do these standards cover? assistance and child protection (for example, where support to parents is likely to mean that children are safer) as actions for other humanitarians, to ensure child protection
164 progress towards reaching the standards children. Who is responsible for ensuring children are protected? States are responsible for protecting children at all times, including in humanitarian crises. All humanitarian workers are responsible for ensuring that their actions do not bring children into risk in any way, and that the programmes they implement One important aspect of this is simply ensuring that all children as they are to adults. safety and wellbeing of those affected, including children. For a powerful effect in keeping children and parents together. role in water collection, as well as their other duties and needs, is thought through carefully from the start. These Standards focus mainstreaming child protection in the following sectors:
165 STANDARD 19 Economic recovery and child protection Standard Key actions standard
166 standard
167 MeasuremenT standard
168 Guidance notes 1. Structural barriers: standard Cash transfers: 170
169 5. Monitoring and evaluation: 8. Stereotyping: standard
170 References standard
171 STANDARD 20 Education and child protection Standard Key actions standard
172 standard
173 standard
174 MeasuremenT standard 20 Guidance notes 1. Flexibility, relevance and quality: 176
175 3. Equity: 4. Teachers and other education personnel: standard Abuse: 177
176 7. Attacks: 8. Messaging: standard
177 References standard
178 STANDARD 21 Health and child protection Standard Key actions standard
179 standard
180 standard
181 MeasuremenT Guidance notes standard
182 2. Medical reports: 3. Capacity building: standard Evacuation: 184
183 References standard
184 STANDARD 22 Nutrition and child protection Standard Key actions standard
185 standard
186 MeasuremenT standard
187 Guidance notes 1. Capacity building: standard
188 3. Infant feeding: standard Mother groups: 190
189 7. Social workers: standard
190 References standard
191 STANDARD 23 Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and child protection Standard Key actions standard
192 standard
193 MeasuremenT Guidance notes 1. Capacity building: 2. Messaging: standard
194 3. Water containers: 4. Age groups: standard
195 References standard
196 STANDARD 24 Shelter and child protection Standard Key actions standard
197 standard
198 MeasuremenT Guidance notes standard
199 3. Multi-disciplinary: 4. Capacity building: standard
200 References standard
201 STANDARD 25 Camp management and child protection Standard Key actions standard
202 standard
203 MeasuremenT Guidance notes 2. Focal points: standard
204 4. Equal access: 5. Site planning: standard Safety: 206
205 References standard
206 STANDARD 26 Distribution and child protection standard Standard Key actions
207 209 standard 26
208 MeasuremenT standard
209 Guidance notes 2. Monitoring: 3. Distribution: 4. Registration points: 211 standard 26
210 5. Separated children: 6. Targeted assistance: standard
211 References 213 standard 26
212
213 Annexes and glossary ANNEXES AND GLOSSARY
214 ANNEXES Relevant legal instruments Global Regional Global 217
215 Regional 218
216 219
217
218 GLOSSARY A Actors Accountability Age Children Adolescents Alternative care 221
219 I. II. III. IV. V. 222
220 C Capacity-building Child-friendly spaces (CFS) Child labour Cognitive 223
221 Coping Crisis 224 D Desk review Dignity Disability Disaggregated data
222 Disaster Disaster preparedness Disaster risk reduction Duty bearers E Early recovery 225
223 G Gender 226 H Hazard Hazardous work
224 I Internally displaced persons 227
225 International refugee law L Learners Life skills Livelihood 228
226 M Mitigation N P Participation Preparedness Prevention 229
227 Protection Psychosocial support Q Quality Qualitative and quantitative data 230 R Resilience Risk
228 S Safety Security Sex Stakeholder Sustainable 231
229 V Vulnerability 232 w Wellbeing
230 Acronyms and abbreviations AoR AXO BID CAAC CAAFAG CBCPM CBO CCM CFS CLMS CLWS CP CPiE CPIMS CPRA CPWG CRC CRPD CwD DDR DRR ECD ECOSOC ERW FTR GBV GBVIMS IA CP IMS IASC IAWG IAWG-UASC ICCPR ICRC IDP IDTR IMTF INEE INGO IOM IRC MARA 233
231 MBT MHPSS MoU MRM NFIs NGO NRCS OCHA OHCHR PFA PSS SeeP SOPs SRSG ToRs UASC UDHR UN UNAIDS UNFPA UNCHR UNICEF UNICEF CCC UXO WASH WCFL WWNK WWWW or 4W 234
232 INDEX
233
234
235 CERF
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245 248
246 249
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256 Standards to ensure a quality child protection response Standard 1 Standard 2 Standard 3 Standard 4 Standard 5 Standard 6 Standards to address child protection needs Standards to develop adequate child protection strategies Standards to mainstream child protection IN OTHER HUMANITARIAN SECTORS Standard 7 Standard 15 Standard 19 Standard 8 Standard 16 Standard 20 Standard 9 Standard 17 Standard 21 Standard 10 Standard 11 Standard 18 Standard 22 Standard 23 Standard 12 Standard 24 Standard 13 Standard 25 Standard 14 Standard 26 The CPMS are recognised as a companion standard to The Sphere Project s Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response
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