Numerical Analysis of Transient Phenomena in Electromagnetic Forming Processes
|
|
- Mildred Doyle
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Volume 49, Number 3, Numerical Analysis of Transient Phenomena in Electromagnetic Forming Processes Sorin PASCA, Tiberiu VESSELENYI, Virgiliu FIRETEANU Pavel MUDURA, Tiberiu TUDORACHE, Marin TOMSE and Sorin MURESAN he paper deals with numerical models for electromagnetic forming processes applied on thin metallic sheets. The complexity of such numerical analysis is due to a coupling of different phenomena and, as a consequence, to an interdependence of system parameters. The process consists in high rate deformation of the workpiece by the action of electromagnetic forces. The analysis of transient electromagnetic field in magnetoforming applications is based on numerical models developed under FLUX professional software, while the simulation of mechanical deformations is performed using ANSYS. The paper presents some partial results of a research project. Keywords: electromagnetic forming, transient magnetic and structural analysis, finite element models 1. INTRODUCTION Because of multiple advantages, the use of workpieces made by aluminium and its alloys has extended in many sectors e.g. in automotive industry. As a consequence, taking into account the particularities in processing such materials, some classical technologies are improved but, because these processes are not satisfactory, new unconventional technologies are initiated. High rate forming technologies such as electromagnetic forming, hydro-forming etc., used only in some special application in 6-7 and rarely used later, especially due to an insufficient control, becomes actually. Electromagnetic forming (EMF), or magnetoforming, is a high speed forming process where a pulsed magnetic field is used to processing metals with high electrical conductivity (aluminium, copper or their alloys) within a few microseconds. Usually, thin wall metallic pieces (sheets, tubes) are deformed at room temperature by intense impulsive forces generated by a rapidly time varying magnetic field. The main components of EMF facility for forming metallic sheets are presented in Fig. 1. By discharging the capacitor through the coil, a time dependent magnetic field is produced and eddy currents are induced in the workpiece. Between the coil and workpiece the repulsive forces occur. If the stress generated in the metallic piece exceeds the yield point of the material, plastic deformation is produced with high velocity and for a very short time [1]. The magnetoforming involves a high frequency process, high power and strongcoupled phenomena, in which the electrical and geometric parameters are time dependent. A rigorous analysis of the magnetoforming process must take into 8 Mediamira Science Publisher. All rights reserved.
2 36 ACTA ELECTROTEHNICA account the non-uniform distribution of the current density in conductive regions, respectively the transient skin effect [1]. In addition, the deformation of the workpiece modifies the magnetic field distribution and the motion determines supplementary eddy currents, which characterize a strong coupling between electromagnetic and mechanical/structural phenomena. References give several approaches for the study and modeling of magnetoforming systems in condition of some assumptions [1]. In [3] we have analyzed the transient electromagnetic regime of magnetoforming only for thin wall metallic tubes. Next step, this paper presents one proposed numerical approach of the magnetoforming process of metallic sheets as a transient magnetic application and analyzes the mechanical displacement and deformation of the workpiece under action of these impulsive forces.. MODELS AND FORMULATIONS We study the magnetoforming device for metallic sheets as an axisymmetric system, in the cylindrical coordinate system (r,ϕ, z) Fig.. The current density in the forming coil, the source of electromagnetic field, has azimuthally orientation, J ex = J ex ϕ and the time dependent magnetic vector potential A(r,z,t) has only azimuthally component. The governing equation in terms of A is: ν A DA ( r A ) + ν + σ = J r r r z z Dt ex (1) where ν is magnetic reluctivity and σ = 1/ρ is electric conductivity. The total derivative in DA A (1) has the expression = v rot A, Dt t with v the velocity. If the motion of workpiece is not considered (v=) the equation of the modified vector potential r A is: ν ν ( r A) + ( r A) + r r r z r z () 1 + σ ( r A) = J r t ex The second term in the left part of the equation represents the density of induced currents, non-null in the conductive regions of the study domain. This equation of transient magnetic field is solved by the method step by step in time domain. The study domain for a typical flat sheet magnetoforming application is shown in Fig.. The source J ex, non-null only in coil region, is an unknown value as it follows: if we consider the forming coil is of thin wire type the current density J ex is constant in whole the coil region and if the forming coil is of solid conductor type, the current density is not constant over the coil cross-section. At any time step, the second relation between A and J ex are given by the model of electrical circuit, considering magnetic field electric circuit coupling. Having the force vector in every element of the piece (i.e. volume density of electromagnetic force), at every time step, we can find the final position of each element after the action of forces. Electromagnetic forming, from mechanical point of view, is characterized by a large plastic deformation of the processed material, which occurs in a very short time. The mathematical theory of plasticity
3 Volume 49, Number 3, adequately describes the time-independent aspect of the behavior of materials but this is inadequate for the analysis of time-dependent behavior. An approach to achieving a satisfactory formulation for time-dependent behavior has been to generalize plasticity to cases within the strain-rate-sensitive range []. One such generalization has been provided by the theory of viscoplasticity. Last decades, various forms of the theory of viscoplasticity have been provided (Perzyna, Cristescu and Peirce). An approach to the construction of equations for viscoplastic materials can be made using the extremum principle. This also can be used as a basis for the finite-element formulation of viscoplastic analysis. Considering the work of Perzyna, a viscoplastic material can be described by applying the infinitesimal theory for each incremental deformation. Perzyna introduces a function F (σ ij ) []: 1/ 1/ { σij ' σij '} F( σ ij ) = 1 (3) k where k is the static yield stress in shear. Considering F(σ ij ) as the function similar to the plastic potential in the theory of plasticity, the constitutive equation is expressed as: F = γ " Φ( F) (4) σ ij where γ is the viscosity constant of the material and Φ (F) is a function of F such that: Φ( F ), F =. Φ( F), F > Then, = γ ' σ σij ' 1 σ Φ σ (5) where 1/ ( 3/ ) { σ ij ' σij '} σ = so that σ is identical to the yield stress in uniaxial tension, and σ = 3 k is the static yield stress in tension. Squaring both sides of (5): σ σ ' σ ' ij ij Φ 1 σ σ = γ ' (6) and using ε = 1/ ( / 3) { ε ij }, we obtain: σ ε = γ ' Φ 1 3 σ (7) Then from (5) and (7), the constitutive eqn is: 3 ε = σ ij ' σ (8) with σ and ε as defined before. The effective stress σ in equation (8), depends on the strain-rate dependent function Φ, which is to be determined by the properties of the material. If we choose the 1/ m function Φ = (( σ / σ ) 1), then from equation (7): m ε σ = σ 1 + γ (9) Equation (9) is a familiar rate-dependence law and the exponent m is the strain-rate sensitivity index. The last equation is also used to model viscoplastic material behavior in the ANSYS finite element analysis software [4]. As it is stated in [4], this kind of material models the best impact like deformation processes. 3. APPLICATIONS AND RESULTS The application which is subject of numerical analysis consists of electromagnetic forming of 1mm thin aluminium alloy sheet, the geometry of the system being illustrated in Fig.. The forming coil has 1 to 6 turns made by copper, with different width of turns but with the same overall dimensions, like in Fig. 3. Within numerical model, the coil region is considered solid conductor, tacking into account the non-uniform distribution of current density in cross-section. The geometry of the system (3D variant) for 1 and 4 turns coil is presented in Fig. 4. For transient magnetic application, we have
4 36 ACTA ELECTROTEHNICA R = 35 e R =1 i symmetry axis (1) () (3) (4) (5) sheet are modeled using ANSYS software, as a transient application. As an intermediate step in solving this complex magneto-mechanical coupled problem, in this work we obtain the forces from a motionless structure. Fig. 5 gives the time variation of coil current and of the axial component of electromagnetic force on metallic sheet and Fig. 6 presents the distribution of volume density of electromagnetic force vectors within workpiece region at pick current time, for some studied cases. 1, (E6) A Fig. 3. The geometry of the coil region in five studied cases, with different number of turns ,999E-3 -,5-1 (E-6) s a) b) (E6) N a) c) d) Fig. 4. The 3D geometry of computation domain, for 4 turns (a, c) or 1 turn (b, d) forming coil. analyzed both D and 3D structure and because the differences are not significant concerning of the values of electromagnetic forces, we have studied the deformations only in D geometry. Transient regime of electromagnetic field in the computation domain is solved using FLUX software. At each time step, we obtain the volume density of electromagnetic force within each element of metallic sheet region, which represents the loads in structural application. The deformation/displacement of (E-6) s b) Fig. 5. The time variation of the coil current (a) and of the axial component of electromagnetic force acting on metal sheet (b), for 1,, 3, 4 or 6 turns forming coil, at the same stored energy. Material properties of metallic sheet are follows: Young s modulus E = 7 GPa, yield stress σ = 4 MPa, tangent modulus E t = 1 MPa, Poisson ratio ν =.33, strain rate
5 Volume 49, Number 3, 8 363,1E6 Ampere Current / Current Time coil 6 turns,5e6 sheet gap coil -49,999E3 s. a),5e6,e6 New ton 5E-6 1E-6 15E-6 Force / Axial component Time SHEET,15E6,1E6 b) Fig. 6. The vectorial representation of volume density of electromagnetic force acting on sheet, for 1-turn (a) and 6-turns (b) solid conductor coil. hardening parameter m =.5, viscosity parameter γ = 1, density γ m = 7 kg/m 3, electrical resistivity ρ = Ωm. Trough numerical modeling we find that for free expansion of thin aluminium sheet with dimensions and properties above described it is not necessary a big amount of a stored energy. For example, with 1 J (C = μf, U = 1kV) in capacitor bank and with 6 turns solid conductor coil, we obtained at t p = 11 μs the first pick of coil current of ka and the corresponding total axial electromagnetic force acting on sheet region of 8.8 kn. The exterior diameter of coil was 7 mm and of the free deformable zone of sheet 9 mm. The gap between sheet and coil is 1 mm. The damped oscillation process is illustrated in Fig. 7 by time variation of coil current and of the axial component of the total force in sheet region, from computation domain. Several steps of sheet forming process are presented at the end of the paper in Fig. 8.,5E6 5E-6 1E-6 15E-6 Fig. 7. Time variation of coil current and of axial component of electromagn. force in sheet region. electromagnetic forces, resulting at each time step from magnetic computation. In a future work, we will take into account the influence of sheet deformation on electromagnetic field distribution in computation domain at each time step and as a consequence on electromagnetic forces. Fig. 8. The deformation of metallic sheet at different time steps (next views). s. 4. CONCLUSIONS The paper presents a method for simulation of electromagnetic forming of an aluminium sheet, based on numerical model of transient electromagnetic field in computation domain and on transient analysis of viscoplastic forming of sheet under action of
6 364 ACTA ELECTROTEHNICA 5. ACKOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, Grant CNCSIS A 1319/7, 34GR/1.5. REFERENCES 1. C. Fluerasu, Equivalent schemes of electromagnetic forming installations, Rev. Roum. Sci. Techn. Electrotechn. et Energ., 16, 4, pp , Bucharest, 1971.
7 Volume 49, Number 3, Shiro Kobayashi, Soo-ik Oh, Taylan Altan, Metal forming and the finite element method, New York, Oxford, Oxford University Press, S. Pasca, V. Fireteanu, Transient Magnetic Finite Element Model of Magnetoforming, Rev. Acta Electrotehnica, Vol. 45, No. 6/4, pp *** Ansys, Inc. Theory Reference, Ansys release 1., 184, 5. Sorin PASCA Marin TOMSE University of Oradea Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology spasca@uoradea.ro Tiberiu VESSELENYI Pavel MUDURA University of Oradea Faculty of Management and Technological Engineering Virgiliu FIRETEANU Tiberiu TUDORACHE POLITEHNICA University of Bucharest Electrical Engineering Dept. EPM_NM Laboratory Bucarest, Romania firetean@amotion.pub.ro Sorin MURESAN University of Oradea Faculty of Science Oradea, Romania
Technology of EHIS (stamping) applied to the automotive parts production
Laboratory of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics Technology of EHIS (stamping) applied to the automotive parts production Churilova Maria, Saint-Petersburg State Polytechnical University Department of Applied
More informationMechanical Properties of Metals Mechanical Properties refers to the behavior of material when external forces are applied
Mechanical Properties of Metals Mechanical Properties refers to the behavior of material when external forces are applied Stress and strain fracture or engineering point of view: allows to predict the
More informationNumerical Analysis of Independent Wire Strand Core (IWSC) Wire Rope
Numerical Analysis of Independent Wire Strand Core (IWSC) Wire Rope Rakesh Sidharthan 1 Gnanavel B K 2 Assistant professor Mechanical, Department Professor, Mechanical Department, Gojan engineering college,
More informationEdmund Li. Where is defined as the mutual inductance between and and has the SI units of Henries (H).
INDUCTANCE MUTUAL INDUCTANCE If we consider two neighbouring closed loops and with bounding surfaces respectively then a current through will create a magnetic field which will link with as the flux passes
More informationCAE -Finite Element Method
16.810 Engineering Design and Rapid Prototyping Lecture 3b CAE -Finite Element Method Instructor(s) Prof. Olivier de Weck January 16, 2007 Numerical Methods Finite Element Method Boundary Element Method
More informationChapter Outline. Mechanical Properties of Metals How do metals respond to external loads?
Mechanical Properties of Metals How do metals respond to external loads? Stress and Strain Tension Compression Shear Torsion Elastic deformation Plastic Deformation Yield Strength Tensile Strength Ductility
More information3D plasticity. Write 3D equations for inelastic behavior. Georges Cailletaud, Ecole des Mines de Paris, Centre des Matériaux
3D plasticity 3D viscoplasticity 3D plasticity Perfectly plastic material Direction of plastic flow with various criteria Prandtl-Reuss, Hencky-Mises, Prager rules Write 3D equations for inelastic behavior
More informationTheory of Heating by Induction
CHAPTER 2 Theory of Heating by Induction INDUCTION HEATING was first noted when it was found that heat was produced in transformer and motor windings, as mentioned in the Chapter Heat Treating of Metal
More informationFluid Mechanics: Static s Kinematics Dynamics Fluid
Fluid Mechanics: Fluid mechanics may be defined as that branch of engineering science that deals with the behavior of fluid under the condition of rest and motion Fluid mechanics may be divided into three
More informationSTUDY OF DAM-RESERVOIR DYNAMIC INTERACTION USING VIBRATION TESTS ON A PHYSICAL MODEL
STUDY OF DAM-RESERVOIR DYNAMIC INTERACTION USING VIBRATION TESTS ON A PHYSICAL MODEL Paulo Mendes, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Portugal Sérgio Oliveira, Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia
More informationd di Flux (B) Current (H)
Comparison of Inductance Calculation Techniques Tony Morcos Magnequench Technology Center Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 1 VCM Baseline: Geometry Axially-magnetized MQ3-F 42 NdFeB disk Br = 131kG
More informationNumerical analysis of metallic. hollow sphere structures
7. LS-DYNA Anwenderforum, Bamberg 2008 Numerical analysis of metallic hollow sphere structures Matej Vesenjak 1, Thomas Fiedler 2, Andreas Öchsner 3, Zoran Ren 1 1 University of Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical
More informationFEM analysis of the forming process of automotive suspension springs
FEM analysis of the forming process of automotive suspension springs Berti G. and Monti M. University of Padua, DTG, Stradella San Nicola 3, I-36100 Vicenza (Italy) guido.berti@unipd.it, manuel.monti@unipd.it.
More informationCAE -Finite Element Method
16.810 Engineering Design and Rapid Prototyping CAE -Finite Element Method Instructor(s) Prof. Olivier de Weck January 11, 2005 Plan for Today Hand Calculations Aero Æ Structures FEM Lecture (ca. 45 min)
More informationDesign and Analysis of Switched Reluctance Motors
Design and Analysis of Switched Reluctance Motors İbrahim ŞENGÖR, Abdullah POLAT, and Lale T. ERGENE Electrical and Electronic Faculty, İstanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, TURKEY sengoribrahim@gmail.com,
More information5. Measurement of a magnetic field
H 5. Measurement of a magnetic field 5.1 Introduction Magnetic fields play an important role in physics and engineering. In this experiment, three different methods are examined for the measurement of
More informationThe elements used in commercial codes can be classified in two basic categories:
CHAPTER 3 Truss Element 3.1 Introduction The single most important concept in understanding FEA, is the basic understanding of various finite elements that we employ in an analysis. Elements are used for
More informationTechnical Report Example (1) Chartered (CEng) Membership
Technical Report Example (1) Chartered (CEng) Membership A TECHNICAL REPORT IN SUPPORT OF APPLICATION FOR CHARTERED MEMBERSHIP OF IGEM DESIGN OF 600 (103 BAR) 820MM SELF SEALING REPAIR CLAMP AND VERIFICATION
More informationHOW ACCURATE ARE THOSE THERMOCOUPLES?
HOW ACCURATE ARE THOSE THERMOCOUPLES? Deggary N. Priest Priest & Associates Consulting, LLC INTRODUCTION Inevitably, during any QC Audit of the Laboratory s calibration procedures, the question of thermocouple
More informationCandidate Number. General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Examination June 2012
entre Number andidate Number Surname Other Names andidate Signature General ertificate of Education dvanced Level Examination June 212 Physics PHY4/1 Unit 4 Fields and Further Mechanics Section Monday
More informationFeature Commercial codes In-house codes
A simple finite element solver for thermo-mechanical problems Keywords: Scilab, Open source software, thermo-elasticity Introduction In this paper we would like to show how it is possible to develop a
More informationDYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THICK PLATES SUBJECTED TO EARTQUAKE
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THICK PLATES SUBJECTED TO EARTQUAKE ÖZDEMİR Y. I, AYVAZ Y. Posta Adresi: Department of Civil Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 68 Trabzon, TURKEY E-posta: yaprakozdemir@hotmail.com
More informationCHAPTER 7 DISLOCATIONS AND STRENGTHENING MECHANISMS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
7-1 CHAPTER 7 DISLOCATIONS AND STRENGTHENING MECHANISMS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS Basic Concepts of Dislocations Characteristics of Dislocations 7.1 The dislocation density is just the total dislocation length
More informationAdaptation of General Purpose CFD Code for Fusion MHD Applications*
Adaptation of General Purpose CFD Code for Fusion MHD Applications* Andrei Khodak Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory P.O. Box 451 Princeton, NJ, 08540 USA akhodak@pppl.gov Abstract Analysis of many fusion
More informationResearch Article New Method of Car Body Panel External Straightening: Tools of Method
Vehicular Technology Volume 215, Article ID 192958, 7 pages http://dx.doi.org/1.1155/215/192958 Research Article New Method of Car Body Panel External Straightening: Tools of Method Andrey Gnatov and Schasyana
More informationMCE380: Measurements and Instrumentation Lab. Chapter 9: Force, Torque and Strain Measurements
MCE380: Measurements and Instrumentation Lab Chapter 9: Force, Torque and Strain Measurements Topics: Elastic Elements for Force Measurement Dynamometers and Brakes Resistance Strain Gages Holman, Ch.
More informationMechanical Properties - Stresses & Strains
Mechanical Properties - Stresses & Strains Types of Deformation : Elasic Plastic Anelastic Elastic deformation is defined as instantaneous recoverable deformation Hooke's law : For tensile loading, σ =
More informationNumerical modeling of induction assisted subsurface heating technology
Numerical modeling of induction assisted subsurface heating technology By Lei Zhang A Thesis Submit to the faculty of WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
More informationSolution for Homework #1
Solution for Homework #1 Chapter 2: Multiple Choice Questions (2.5, 2.6, 2.8, 2.11) 2.5 Which of the following bond types are classified as primary bonds (more than one)? (a) covalent bonding, (b) hydrogen
More informationFundamentals of Extrusion
CHAPTER1 Fundamentals of Extrusion The first chapter of this book discusses the fundamentals of extrusion technology, including extrusion principles, processes, mechanics, and variables and their effects
More informationFinite Element Analysis of Sheet Metal Forming Process
European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol.33 No.1 (2009), pp.57-69 EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2009 http://www.eurojournals.com/ejsr.htm Finite Element Analysis of Sheet Metal Forming
More informationEstimation of shear force for blind shear ram blowout preventers
Estimation of shear force for blind shear ram blowout preventers Abdulkadir Tekin *, Changhyok Choi, Taylan Altan, Hamit Adin Online Publication Date: 17 Feb 2015 URL: http://www.jresm.org/archive/resm2014.02st1225.html
More informationLap Fillet Weld Calculations and FEA Techniques
Lap Fillet Weld Calculations and FEA Techniques By: MS.ME Ahmad A. Abbas Sr. Analysis Engineer Ahmad.Abbas@AdvancedCAE.com www.advancedcae.com Sunday, July 11, 2010 Advanced CAE All contents Copyright
More information1150 hp motor design, electromagnetic and thermal analysis
115 hp motor design, electromagnetic and thermal analysis Qasim Al Akayshee 1, and David A Staton 2 1 Mawdsley s Ltd., The Perry Centre, Davey Close, Waterwells, Gloucester GL2 4AD phone: +44 1452 888311
More informationObjectives. Experimentally determine the yield strength, tensile strength, and modules of elasticity and ductility of given materials.
Lab 3 Tension Test Objectives Concepts Background Experimental Procedure Report Requirements Discussion Objectives Experimentally determine the yield strength, tensile strength, and modules of elasticity
More informationLocal buckling of plates made of high strength steel
Local buckling of plates made of high strength steel Tapani Halmea, Lauri Huusko b,a, Gary Marquis a, Timo Björk a a Lappeenranta University of Technology, Faculty of Technology Engineering, Lappeenranta,
More informationBurst Pressure Prediction of Pressure Vessel using FEA
Burst Pressure Prediction of Pressure Vessel using FEA Nidhi Dwivedi, Research Scholar (G.E.C, Jabalpur, M.P), Veerendra Kumar Principal (G.E.C, Jabalpur, M.P) Abstract The main objective of this paper
More informationFluids and Solids: Fundamentals
Fluids and Solids: Fundamentals We normally recognize three states of matter: solid; liquid and gas. However, liquid and gas are both fluids: in contrast to solids they lack the ability to resist deformation.
More informationSheet metal operations - Bending and related processes
Sheet metal operations - Bending and related processes R. Chandramouli Associate Dean-Research SASTRA University, Thanjavur-613 401 Table of Contents 1.Quiz-Key... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.Bending
More informationMotor-CAD Software for Thermal Analysis of Electrical Motors - Links to Electromagnetic and Drive Simulation Models
Motor-CAD Software for Thermal Analysis of Electrical Motors - Links to Electromagnetic and Drive Simulation Models Dave Staton, Douglas Hawkins and Mircea Popescu Motor Design Ltd., Ellesmere, Shropshire,
More informationLecture 12: Fundamental Concepts in Structural Plasticity
Lecture 12: Fundamental Concepts in Structural Plasticity Plastic properties of the material were already introduced briefly earlier in the present notes. The critical slenderness ratio of column is controlled
More informationSolved with COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3
Vibrating String Introduction In the following example you compute the natural frequencies of a pre-tensioned string using the 2D Truss interface. This is an example of stress stiffening ; in fact the
More informationA wave lab inside a coaxial cable
INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS PUBLISHING Eur. J. Phys. 25 (2004) 581 591 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS PII: S0143-0807(04)76273-X A wave lab inside a coaxial cable JoãoMSerra,MiguelCBrito,JMaiaAlves and A M Vallera
More informationSolid Mechanics. Stress. What you ll learn: Motivation
Solid Mechanics Stress What you ll learn: What is stress? Why stress is important? What are normal and shear stresses? What is strain? Hooke s law (relationship between stress and strain) Stress strain
More informationFinite Element Formulation for Plates - Handout 3 -
Finite Element Formulation for Plates - Handout 3 - Dr Fehmi Cirak (fc286@) Completed Version Definitions A plate is a three dimensional solid body with one of the plate dimensions much smaller than the
More informationEffect of design parameters on temperature rise of windings of dry type electrical transformer
Effect of design parameters on temperature rise of windings of dry type electrical transformer Vikas Kumar a, *, T. Vijay Kumar b, K.B. Dora c a Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Pune University
More informationChapter 22: Electric Flux and Gauss s Law
22.1 ntroduction We have seen in chapter 21 that determining the electric field of a continuous charge distribution can become very complicated for some charge distributions. t would be desirable if we
More informationFinite Element Method
16.810 (16.682) Engineering Design and Rapid Prototyping Finite Element Method Instructor(s) Prof. Olivier de Weck deweck@mit.edu Dr. Il Yong Kim kiy@mit.edu January 12, 2004 Plan for Today FEM Lecture
More informationA Comparison of Analytical and Finite Element Solutions for Laminar Flow Conditions Near Gaussian Constrictions
A Comparison of Analytical and Finite Element Solutions for Laminar Flow Conditions Near Gaussian Constrictions by Laura Noelle Race An Engineering Project Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Rensselaer
More informationMETU DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING
METU DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING Met E 206 MATERIALS LABORATORY EXPERIMENT 1 Prof. Dr. Rıza GÜRBÜZ Res. Assist. Gül ÇEVİK (Room: B-306) INTRODUCTION TENSION TEST Mechanical testing
More informationChapter 17: Springs. Fundamentals of Machine Elements, 3 rd ed. Schmid, Hamrock and Jacobson. 2014 CRC Press
Chapter 17: Springs It must be confessed that the inventors of the mechanical arts have been much more useful to men than the inventors of syllogisms. Voltaire A collection of helical compression springs.
More informationMagnetic electro-mechanical machines
Magnetic electro-mechanical machines Lorentz Force A magnetic field exerts force on a moving charge. The Lorentz equation: f = q(e + v B) f: force exerted on charge q E: electric field strength v: velocity
More informationBasic Equations, Boundary Conditions and Dimensionless Parameters
Chapter 2 Basic Equations, Boundary Conditions and Dimensionless Parameters In the foregoing chapter, many basic concepts related to the present investigation and the associated literature survey were
More informationVersion default Titre : SSNP161 Essais biaxiaux de Kupfer Date : 10/10/2012 Page : 1/8 Responsable : François HAMON Clé : V6.03.161 Révision : 9783
Titre : SSNP161 Essais biaxiaux de Kupfer Date : 10/10/2012 Page : 1/8 SSNP161 Biaxial tests of Summarized Kupfer: Kupfer [1] was interested to characterize the performances of the concrete under biaxial
More informationCE 204 FLUID MECHANICS
CE 204 FLUID MECHANICS Onur AKAY Assistant Professor Okan University Department of Civil Engineering Akfırat Campus 34959 Tuzla-Istanbul/TURKEY Phone: +90-216-677-1630 ext.1974 Fax: +90-216-677-1486 E-mail:
More informationValidation of Cable Bolt Support Design in Weak Rock Using SMART Instruments and Phase 2
Validation of Cable Bolt Support Design in Weak Rock Using SMART Instruments and Phase 2 W.F. Bawden, Chair Lassonde Mineral Engineering Program, U. of Toronto, Canada J.D. Tod, Senior Engineer, Mine Design
More informationStrip Flatness Prediction in a 4 High Tandem Mill Using a Dynamic Model.
Strip Flatness Prediction in a 4 High Tandem Mill Using a Dynamic Model. M. A. Bello-Gomez 1, M. P. Guerrero-Mata 1, L. A. Leduc Lezama 1, T. P. Berber- Solano 1, L. Nieves 2, F. Gonzalez 2, H. R. Siller
More informationMagnetic Circuits. Outline. Ampere s Law Revisited Review of Last Time: Magnetic Materials Magnetic Circuits Examples
Magnetic Circuits Outline Ampere s Law Revisited Review of Last Time: Magnetic Materials Magnetic Circuits Examples 1 Electric Fields Magnetic Fields S ɛ o E da = ρdv B V = Q enclosed S da =0 GAUSS GAUSS
More informationEXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE COLLAR PRODUCTION ON THE PIERCED FLAT SHEET METAL USING LASER FORMING PROCESS
JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH IN SCIENCE (ISSN 2322-5009) CODEN (USA): JCRSDJ 2014, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp:277-284 Available at www.jcrs010.com ORIGINAL ARTICLE EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE COLLAR
More informationHomework 9. Problems: 12.31, 12.32, 14.4, 14.21
Homework 9 Problems: 1.31, 1.3, 14.4, 14.1 Problem 1.31 Assume that if the shear stress exceeds about 4 10 N/m steel ruptures. Determine the shearing force necessary (a) to shear a steel bolt 1.00 cm in
More informationBasic Principles in Microfluidics
Basic Principles in Microfluidics 1 Newton s Second Law for Fluidics Newton s 2 nd Law (F= ma) : Time rate of change of momentum of a system equal to net force acting on system!f = dp dt Sum of forces
More informationwww.integratedsoft.com Electromagnetic Sensor Design: Key Considerations when selecting CAE Software
www.integratedsoft.com Electromagnetic Sensor Design: Key Considerations when selecting CAE Software Content Executive Summary... 3 Characteristics of Electromagnetic Sensor Systems... 3 Basic Selection
More informationLiquid Hydrogen Pressure Vessel Analysis
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY Liquid Hydrogen Pressure Vessel Analysis Claire R. Luttrell 9/18/2007 1.0 INTRODUCTION An SNS experiment is being designed that includes a 20 liter liquid hydrogen (LH2) target.
More informationStress Strain Relationships
Stress Strain Relationships Tensile Testing One basic ingredient in the study of the mechanics of deformable bodies is the resistive properties of materials. These properties relate the stresses to the
More informationLaminar Flow and Heat Transfer of Herschel-Bulkley Fluids in a Rectangular Duct; Finite-Element Analysis
Tamkang Journal of Science and Engineering, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 99 107 (2009) 99 Laminar Flow and Heat Transfer of Herschel-Bulkley Fluids in a Rectangular Duct; Finite-Element Analysis M. E. Sayed-Ahmed
More informationThe performance improvement by ferrite loading means - increasing, - increasing of ratio, implicitly related to the input impedance.
3.2.3. Ferrite Loading Magnetic ferrite loading can enhance a transmitting signal as high as 2 to 10 db for MHz [Devore and Bohley, 1977]. There is an optimum frequency range where ferrite loading is beneficial.
More informationCourse in. Nonlinear FEM
Course in Introduction Outline Lecture 1 Introduction Lecture 2 Geometric nonlinearity Lecture 3 Material nonlinearity Lecture 4 Material nonlinearity continued Lecture 5 Geometric nonlinearity revisited
More informationObjectives. Electric Current
Objectives Define electrical current as a rate. Describe what is measured by ammeters and voltmeters. Explain how to connect an ammeter and a voltmeter in an electrical circuit. Explain why electrons travel
More informationRESEARCH PROJECTS. For more information about our research projects please contact us at: info@naisengineering.com
RESEARCH PROJECTS For more information about our research projects please contact us at: info@naisengineering.com Or visit our web site at: www.naisengineering.com 2 Setup of 1D Model for the Simulation
More informationMASTER DEGREE PROJECT
MASTER DEGREE PROJECT Finite Element Analysis of a Washing Machine Cylinder Thesis in Applied Mechanics one year Master Degree Program Performed : Spring term, 2010 Level Author Supervisor s Examiner :
More informationStress and deformation of offshore piles under structural and wave loading
Stress and deformation of offshore piles under structural and wave loading J. A. Eicher, H. Guan, and D. S. Jeng # School of Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, PMB 50 Gold Coast Mail
More informationMiss S. S. Nibhorkar 1 1 M. E (Structure) Scholar,
Volume, Special Issue, ICSTSD Behaviour of Steel Bracing as a Global Retrofitting Technique Miss S. S. Nibhorkar M. E (Structure) Scholar, Civil Engineering Department, G. H. Raisoni College of Engineering
More informationAN EXPLANATION OF JOINT DIAGRAMS
AN EXPLANATION OF JOINT DIAGRAMS When bolted joints are subjected to external tensile loads, what forces and elastic deformation really exist? The majority of engineers in both the fastener manufacturing
More informationP. Lu, Sh. Huang and K. Jiang
416 Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci. 33 (2013) 416-422 P. Lu, Sh. Huang and K. Jiang NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL BULK METAL FORMING PROCESSES WITH ARBITRARILY SHAPED DIES USING THE RIGID/VISCO-PLASTIC
More informationDEGREE: Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Electronics and Automation COURSE: 1º TERM: 2º WEEKLY PLANNING
SESSION WEEK COURSE: Physics II DEGREE: Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Electronics and Automation COURSE: 1º TERM: 2º WEEKLY PLANNING DESCRIPTION GROUPS (mark ) Indicate YES/NO If the session needs 2
More information2. Permanent Magnet (De-) Magnetization 2.1 Methodology
Permanent Magnet (De-) Magnetization and Soft Iron Hysteresis Effects: A comparison of FE analysis techniques A.M. Michaelides, J. Simkin, P. Kirby and C.P. Riley Cobham Technical Services Vector Fields
More informationUniaxial Tension and Compression Testing of Materials. Nikita Khlystov Daniel Lizardo Keisuke Matsushita Jennie Zheng
Uniaxial Tension and Compression Testing of Materials Nikita Khlystov Daniel Lizardo Keisuke Matsushita Jennie Zheng 3.032 Lab Report September 25, 2013 I. Introduction Understanding material mechanics
More informationScalars, Vectors and Tensors
Scalars, Vectors and Tensors A scalar is a physical quantity that it represented by a dimensional number at a particular point in space and time. Examples are hydrostatic pressure and temperature. A vector
More informationNonlinear Analysis Using Femap with NX Nastran
Nonlinear Analysis Using Femap with NX Nastran Chip Fricke, Principal Applications Engineer, Agenda Nonlinear Analysis Using Femap with NX Nastran Who am I? Overview of Nonlinear Analysis Comparison of
More informationDispersion diagrams of a water-loaded cylindrical shell obtained from the structural and acoustic responses of the sensor array along the shell
Dispersion diagrams of a water-loaded cylindrical shell obtained from the structural and acoustic responses of the sensor array along the shell B.K. Jung ; J. Ryue ; C.S. Hong 3 ; W.B. Jeong ; K.K. Shin
More informationCBE 6333, R. Levicky 1 Differential Balance Equations
CBE 6333, R. Levicky 1 Differential Balance Equations We have previously derived integral balances for mass, momentum, and energy for a control volume. The control volume was assumed to be some large object,
More informationPREDICTION OF DISTORTIONS IN THROUGH HARDENING OF CYLINDRICAL STEEL WORKPIECES BY DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
PREDICTION OF DISTORTIONS IN THROUGH HARDENING OF CYLINDRICAL STEEL WORKPIECES BY DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS C. Şimşir 1, T. Lübben 1, F. Hoffmann 1, H.-W. Zoch 1, M. Wolff 2 1 Foundation Institute of Materials
More informationAn equivalent circuit of a loop antenna.
3.2.1. Circuit Modeling: Loop Impedance A loop antenna can be represented by a lumped circuit when its dimension is small with respect to a wavelength. In this representation, the circuit parameters (generally
More informationSimulation of Residual Stresses in an Induction Hardened Roll
2.6.4 Simulation of Residual Stresses in an Induction Hardened Roll Ludwig Hellenthal, Clemens Groth Walzen Irle GmbH, Netphen-Deuz, Germany CADFEM GmbH, Burgdorf/Hannover, Germany Summary A heat treatment
More informationState of Stress at Point
State of Stress at Point Einstein Notation The basic idea of Einstein notation is that a covector and a vector can form a scalar: This is typically written as an explicit sum: According to this convention,
More informationNUMERICAL MODELLING OF PIEZOCONE PENETRATION IN CLAY
NUMERICAL MODELLING OF PIEZOCONE PENETRATION IN CLAY Ilaria Giusti University of Pisa ilaria.giusti@for.unipi.it Andrew J. Whittle Massachusetts Institute of Technology ajwhittl@mit.edu Abstract This paper
More informationSEISMIC DESIGN. Various building codes consider the following categories for the analysis and design for earthquake loading:
SEISMIC DESIGN Various building codes consider the following categories for the analysis and design for earthquake loading: 1. Seismic Performance Category (SPC), varies from A to E, depending on how the
More informationMaster of Simulation Techniques. Lecture No.5. Blanking. Blanking. Fine
Master of Simulation Techniques Lecture No.5 Fine Blanking Prof. Dr.-Ing. F. Klocke Structure of the lecture Blanking Sheared surface and force Wear Blanking processes and blanking tools Errors on sheared
More informationMathematical Modeling and Dynamic Simulation of a Class of Drive Systems with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors
Applied and Computational Mechanics 3 (2009) 331 338 Mathematical Modeling and Dynamic Simulation of a Class of Drive Systems with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors M. Mikhov a, a Faculty of Automatics,
More informationUnit 6: EXTRUSION. Difficult to form metals like stainless steels, nickel based alloys and high temperature metals can also be extruded.
1 Unit 6: EXTRUSION Introduction: Extrusion is a metal working process in which cross section of metal is reduced by forcing the metal through a die orifice under high pressure. It is used to produce cylindrical
More informationSTRAIN-LIFE (e -N) APPROACH
CYCLIC DEFORMATION & STRAIN-LIFE (e -N) APPROACH MONOTONIC TENSION TEST AND STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR STRAIN-CONTROLLED TEST METHODS CYCLIC DEFORMATION AND STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR STRAIN-BASED APPROACH TO
More informationHomework #11 203-1-1721 Physics 2 for Students of Mechanical Engineering
Homework #11 203-1-1721 Physics 2 for Students of Mechanical Engineering 2. A circular coil has a 10.3 cm radius and consists of 34 closely wound turns of wire. An externally produced magnetic field of
More informationElasticity Theory Basics
G22.3033-002: Topics in Computer Graphics: Lecture #7 Geometric Modeling New York University Elasticity Theory Basics Lecture #7: 20 October 2003 Lecturer: Denis Zorin Scribe: Adrian Secord, Yotam Gingold
More information3-D WAVEGUIDE MODELING AND SIMULATION USING SBFEM
3-D WAVEGUIDE MODELING AND SIMULATION USING SBFEM Fabian Krome, Hauke Gravenkamp BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany email: Fabian.Krome@BAM.de
More informationSimulation for the Collapse of WTC after Aeroplane Impact
Simulation for the Collapse of WTC after Aeroplane Impact LU Xinzheng & JIANG Jianjing Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 Abstract: Mechanical simulation and parameter
More informationUnit 6 Plane Stress and Plane Strain
Unit 6 Plane Stress and Plane Strain Readings: T & G 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16 Paul A. Lagace, Ph.D. Professor of Aeronautics & Astronautics and Engineering Systems There are many structural configurations
More informationP4 Stress and Strain Dr. A.B. Zavatsky MT07 Lecture 3 Statically Indeterminate Structures
4 Stress and Strain Dr... Zavatsky MT07 ecture 3 Statically Indeterminate Structures Statically determinate structures. Statically indeterminate structures (equations of equilibrium, compatibility, and
More informationINTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CLASSIFICATION SOCIETIES. Interpretations of the FTP
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CLASSIFICATION SOCIETIES Interpretations of the FTP CONTENTS FTP1 Adhesives used in A or B class divisions (FTP Code 3.1, Res A.754 para. 3.2.3) June 2000 FTP2 Pipe and duct
More informationMECHANICAL PRINCIPLES HNC/D PRELIMINARY LEVEL TUTORIAL 1 BASIC STUDIES OF STRESS AND STRAIN
MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES HNC/D PRELIMINARY LEVEL TUTORIAL 1 BASIC STUDIES O STRESS AND STRAIN This tutorial is essential for anyone studying the group of tutorials on beams. Essential pre-requisite knowledge
More informationConcepts of Stress and Strain
CHAPTER 6 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS Concepts of Stress and Strain 6.4 A cylindrical specimen of a titanium alloy having an elastic modulus of 107 GPa (15.5 10 6 psi) and an original
More information