Global engineering consulting company with 3000 employees, a global partner in engineering services and product information.

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2 Project members Small, knowledge-based company at Gothenburg University. Specializing in road climatology, delivering services in Sweden, Norway, UK and Czechoslovakia. Global engineering consulting company with 3000 employees, a global partner in engineering services and product information. Swedish Transport Administration, it is a new public authority that will take on responsibility for long-term planning of the transport system for road, rail, maritime and air traffic. Local office of the Swedish Association of Road Haulage Companies. The trade association of the haulage industry. Represent nationally around 9,300 members operating a total of around 37,000 vehicles.

3 Project organization Steering committee Reference group Operative Management Semcon PM Klimator PM Trafikverket PM Värmlandsåkarna PM

4 Is it possible to use normal vehicles to estimate road stability?

5 Steering committee Henrik Häggström Jörgen Bogren Per Wenner Sven-Erik Eriksson Semcon Klimator Trafikverket Värmlandsåkarna

6 Reference group Anders Örtendahl Thomas Hedlund Gert Andersson Nina Larsson Geir Refsdal Pål Rosland Kimo Toivonen Anders Johansson Lennart Cider Kenneth Natanaelsson Thomas Ask Stora Enso SCA Skogforsk Trafikutskottet Norska Vägverket Norska Vägverket Finska Vägverket Scania Volvo Trafikverket Trafikverket

7 Project time plan BiFi General time plan 2010 feb mar apr maj jun jul aug sep okt nov dec 2011 jan feb mar apr Data acquisition Data analyze Development of vehicle algorithm Development of combination model vehicle/ road side Development of distribution model Development of forecast model Development of equipment for test Preparation of field test Field test Evaluation and reporting PR activities Grind Referents and steering group Steering group (Only) X X X X X maj

8 Background Merkostnaden för skogsindustrin till följd av bristande bärighet i det allmänna vägnätet uppgår till mellan 510 och 590 miljoner kronor per år. Kraven på vägnätet ökar ytterligare genom ett successivt försämrat klimat. Bärighetsproblem i samband med skogstransporter förorsakar stora problem för virkesoch bioenergiflödena. Vissa vägavsnitt klarar inte tunga transporter över huvud taget, medan andra riskerar att bli kraftigt skadade. Detta diskvali-ficerar skogstransporter på dessa vägar. The additional costs for the timber industry due to degradated stability of public roads is between miljon SEK/ year. The demands on the road network are further intensified by the gradual deterioration of our climate. Dessutom sker överenskommelser mellan Vägverket och transportörerna vilka reglerar tillgängligheten till vägnätet. Så fort skada uppstår eller befaras uppstå måste transporten avbrytas, bärighetsbegränsningar sätts in eller vägen stängas av helt. Den minskade tillgängligheten till råvaran som en följd av begränsad bärighet på de statliga vägarna orsakar skogsnäringen kostnader. (Rapport från Skogforsk (NR: ), framtagen på uppdrag av Vägverket, LRF Skogsägarna och Skogsindustrierna).

9 Background The Problem: reduced road stability leads to large costs due to problems with timber transportation. Today: closing of roads for long periods of time due to lack of data to base the decision upon. Solution: dynamic model/information to use for decision making.

10 Hypothesis That it is possible to indicate road bed stability by analysis of CAN-bus data. That vehicle data in combination with measurements from field stations can be used to determine the variation in road stability. That data from the BiFi-project will help lead to fast and accurate decisions regarding traffic weight limitations when and where road stability is reduced.

11 Reference project ABS STC Outdoor Temperature Outdoor Air pressure Fog lights on/off etc... Model Road condition Friction Weather

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13 SRIS a system for detection of slipperiness Not Slippery Rain Precip., cold road Snow Frost Ej halt Regn Nb, kall väg 1 1,03 (3%) 10 (1000%) Snö 14 (1400%) Frost 3 (300%)

14 Segmentation of Road stretches

15 Referens project

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17 Actual Road bed stability Prognosis Modell

18 Use of field data Prognos - marktemperatur 14,0 12,0 10,0 8,0 6,0 4,0 2,0 0,0-2,0-4,0-6,0-8,0

19 BiFi MODELL f(x,y, )

20 Summary BiFi step 1 includes: Data acquisition, collection of vehicle based data in combination with information about weather conditions and road stability. Model development. Test of hypothesis.

21 Data acquisition

22 Objective To collect real-time data from a vehicle s standard sensors and find, through data analysis, a method of determining the load bearing capacity of the roads that were driven on. Primarily the data from the vehicle s on-board stability control ECU is collected by means of a Flight recorder. At this stage reference accelerometers are fitted to the vehicle in order to give an indication of the quality of the vehicle s own accelerometer data.

23 Vehicles VOLVO V70 D5 (2008) VOLVO FM12 6X2 (2002)

24 Installation Passenger Seat V70 StarFrec Flightrecorder mounted on dashboard, trigger switch located between front seats. PC running LMS Measurement application.

25 Installation Passenger Seat V70 Reference accelerometer mounted on front seat rail.

26 Installation Luggage compartment V70 LMS Front End installed in rear luggage compartment.

27 Installation Truck Accelerometer

28 Recorded data V70 and FM Reference accelerometer provides following raw data: X - axis Y - axis Z - axis Z X Y

29 Recorded CAN data V70 Vehicle CAN External GPS (not used)

30 Measurement protocol Measurement protocol completed for each run. Physical road measurements performed by Klimator.

31 Measurement configuration Vehicle setup Postprocessing Vehicle Data StarFrec Flight recorder In-vehicle OBDII Contact Manual trigger MatLab Reference Accelerometer LMS System Acceleration raw data Measurement PC Protocol / Notes

32 Physical surface measurement

33 Physical surface measurement

34 Measurements performed in V70 Measurements during period 19th March 22nd April Road surface conditions ranging from icy and frozen to dry.

35 Surface softening Measurement Route 1 and 2

36 Measurement areas Route 3 and 4. Route 1 and 2.

37 Measurement Route 2 2: Skepplanda Gräfsnäs. 8 runs 6 physical surface measurements

38 Photo s Göteborg

39 Measurement Route 4 4: Pansartorp 1 run Several measure points

40 Photo s Pansartorp

41 Photo s Pansartorp side road

42 Measurement Route 3 3: Dalarnaslänsgräns - Gravendal

43 Photo s Gravendal

44 Measurements performed Measurements performed so far (19th March 22th April): V70 in Göteborg 6 active measurement days >240km measured road surface ~46 runs Approx. 2Gb data V70 in Dalarna 3 active measurement days ~ 11 runs

45 Measurements performed Measurements performed so far (14th April): FM12 no load in Dalarna 1 active measurement day ~ 5 runs Approx. 21Mb data FM12 with 10 ton load in Dalarna 1 active measurement day ~ 4 runs Approx. 19 Mb data

46 Data analysis preliminary findings Spectral Analysis - Energy in different wavebands from reference sensors

47 The eastern part of road stretch 8 is gravel, the western part is Asphalt Road stretch 8

48 Clear difference between asphalt and gravel road of energy in the waveband 4-80 Hz The sensor is measuringin the Y-direction. Every line representsa distancedriven for 10 seconds.

49 Road stretch 3 was mostly soft gravel road, whereas road stretch 6 was frozen gravel road Road stretch3 Onlythe gravelpart of road stretch 6 Road stretch 6 wasusedin the analysis.

50 Difference between frozen gravel road and soft gravel road The sensor is measuringin the X-direction. Every line representsa distancedriven for 10 seconds.

51 Difference between frozen gravel road and soft gravel road The sensor is measuringin the Y-direction. Every line representsa distancedriven for 10 seconds.

52 Difference between frozen gravel road and soft gravel road The sensor is measuringin the Z-direction. Every line representsa distancedriven for 10 seconds.

53 Model development

54 Model development After collecting data we now have experts that will analyze the data during this comming summer.

55 Test of hypothesis

56 Test of hypothesis This work will be prepaired during Autumn 2010.

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