Biofibrillar/nanofibrillar cellulose hydrogel as 2D/3D cell culture material

Transcription

1 Biofibrillar/nanofibrillar cellulose hydrogel as 2D/3D cell culture material Marjo Yliperttula Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki Finland

2 Native plant cellulose nanofiber hydrogels support 3D liver cell (Hepa RG and HepG2) and 3D stem cell spheroid formation without bioactive matrix components

3 Optimized cell culture systems have potential in basic biomedical research, drug development, and cell-based transplantations n Predictive cell models for preclinical drug discovery are urgently needed (EU and FDA) to improve the current success rate of 10% in clinical drug testing n Improved 3D cell culture systems are needed for tissue engineering and cell transplantation purposes due to lack of organ donors

4 3D cell culture: the missing link in drug discovery S. Breslin & L. O Driscoll, Vol 18, March 2013, Pages Drug Discovery Today Beads => 2D culture Methods available for 3D multi-cellular spheroid formation: a) Forced-floating of cells b) Hanging drop methods c) Matrices or scaffolds d) Microfluidic systems

5 Biophysical microenvironment and 3D culture physiological relevance A. Asthana and W.S. Kisaalita, vol 18, July, 2013, (Drug Discovery Today) Illustrative schematic of liver tissue in vivo TEM picture of pericanalicular region of two adjoining periportral hepatocytes of adult rat tissue TEM picture of HepG2 cells cultured on 3D porous polystyrene scafolds

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7 The liver n The major role in drug metabolism n Several cell types: 1. Hepatocytes 2. Stellate cells 3. Sinusoid endothelial cells 4. Kupffer cells 5. cholangiocytes Junqueira and Carneiro, Basic Histology, a text and atlas, p. 333, Figure 16-11

8 The existing liver models Problems of current models n Tissue fractions; Liver slices n Cellular models Primary hepatocytes Cell lines Collagen sandwich method Three-dimensional cell aggregate method n Subcellular models human liver microsomes n Tissue fractions; Difficult to get n Cell lines the loss of various liverspecific functions show low levels of drugmetabolism n Primary human hepatocytes unpredictable availability limited growth activity and life-span phenotypic alterations rapidly after isolation n Microsomes; Only metabolism

9 Future: - 3D liver cell culture systems stem cell based, primary cells or cell lines Criteria: Morphology Polarity Expression

10 Advanced nanofiber based matrices

11 Biofibrillar cellulose Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) hydrogel Nanofibrillar cellulose

12 Classifica(on of nano- sized celluloses n Bacterial nanocellulose - Production by biosynthesis - Controllable structure and pure fibers n Plant derived nanocellulose - Nanofiber network n Microcrystalline cellulose - Aggregated fibrils (particles) n Nanowhiskers and cellulose nanorods - Long and straight crystals of cellulose (particles)

13 Rheological properties of CNF hydrogels!" 100 G' G'' G' or G'' [Pa] 10 a) Frequency dependence of storage (G') and loss modulus (G'') of a 0.5 wt-% CNF hydrogel. 1 0,01 0,1 1 Frequency [Hz] #" Viscosity [Pas] ,1 0.1% 0.2% 0.3% 0.5% 1 % b) Flow curves of 0.1-1% CNF hydrogels as function of shear stress. 0,01 0,001 0,01 0, Shear stress [Pa]

14 Molecular diffusion in CNF a) Percent release of fluorescently labeled dextrans (FITC-dextrans) from 0.5% hydrogel as a function of time, N = 6 b) Influence of molecular radius to permeability (P) in hydrogel, N = 6

15 Mechanical adhesion and release of the particles

16 Cell studies with biomaterials including nanofibrillar cellulose hydrogel J Control Release (2012)

17 Needle tests Viability of ARPE-19 cells cultured in native CNF hydrogel after transferring the cells with a syringe needle of different sizes. The viability is presented as relative fluorescence intensity.!

18 Reference materials Biomaterial Chemistry / classification Methods of scaffold formation Extracel TM Hydro gel MaxGel TM ECM Matrix Mixture of HA+gelatin+PEG Chemical cross-linking Problems, X-linking components toxcicty mix of human ECM components hydrogels formed at physiological ph and ambient temperature (chemical cross linking) gel formation at ambient temperature HydroMatrix TM Peptide cell culture scaffold Matrigel PuraMatrix self-assembling peptide nanofiber gel mix of animal ECM components self-assembling peptide nanofiber gel gel formation with increase in temperature or ionic strength gelation at elevated temperature gelation initiated by salt concentration of 1mM

19 Mitochondrial metabolic activity no problem Morphology of HepG2 and HepaRG 3D cells in CNF and PM hydrogel culture correct Viability of 30 days HepaRG culture and 4 days HepG2 culture in 0.7% CNF hydrogel just fine Albumin secretion of HepG2 and HepaRG 3D cells in hydrogels MaxGel TM (MG), ExtraCel TM (EC), HydroMatrix TM (HM), PuraMatrix TM (PM) and cellulose nanofiber (CNF)

20 Conclusions 1. Plant derived cellulose nanofiber (CNF) hydrogel (GrowDex TM ) can be used as a 3D cell culture scaffold for hepatocyte cell models. 2. The CNF hydrogels possess ultrastructure and mechanical properties that may be tuned to fulfill the requirements of different cell types. 3. The CNF hydrogel was biocompatible and supported cell growth and differentiation to 3D spheroids. 4. Beneficial cell culture properties are based on the unique extracellular matrix mimicking structural properties of CNF hydrogels. 5. The CNF based cell culture scaffolds may be further optimized for cell culture by adding bioactive components to the scaffold.

21 "The use of nanofibrillar cellulose hydrogel as a flexible 3D model to culture and differentiate human pluripotent stem cells" Yan-Ru Lou, Liisa Kanninen, Tytti Kuisma, Johanna Niklander, Luke Noon, Deborah Broks, Arto Urtti, Marjo Yliperttula CONFIDENTAL MS under revision

22 Background 1. Xeno-free, chemically defined culture systems are needed to maintain and propagate human pluripotent stem cells (hpscs) for different biomedical applications. 2. Current culture systems have several drawbacks: n containing human-origin or animal-origin products; n two-dimensinal surfaces that are not mimicing the natural stem cell niche; n not scalable to the quantity required for therapy and research

23 Stem cell viability in NFC hydrogel - no problem 3D hpsc spheroids in 0.5 % NFC hydrogel just fine WA07, day3, 5x 0.5% 1% Pluripotent stemcells cultured in 3D 0.5 % NFC hydrogel for 21 days (world record ;-) as fas as we are aware)

24 Cell viability after cellulase treatment To take the 3D stem cell speroids out form the NFC hydrogel H9-GFP Relative cell growth before and after cellulase treatment Relative increase Cellulase (µg/mg cellulose) ips(imr90)-4 WA07 NFC/GFP NFC/GFP NFC/GFP NFC/GFP H9-GFP No enzyme 50 µg enzyme/mg cellulose 200 µg enzyme/mg cellulose 500 µg enzyme/mg cellulose

25 Cells transferred from 3D to 2D Stem cell morphology ips(imr90)-4 LN511 WA07 LN521 Matrigel Vitronectin LN511 H9-GFP LN521 Matrigel vitronectin LN511 LN521 Matrigel Vitronectin

26 ips(imr90)-4 cells after 3D culture form embryoid body nuclei Beta tubulin-iii nuclei AFP nuclei Muscle actin 10x

27 CONFIDENTIAL 27

28 Cells have normal karyotype after being cultured in hydrogel ips(imr90)-4 WA07

29 Ackowledgements Thank you for your attention University of Helsinki, Finland Yan-Ru Lou, Liisa Kanninen, Madhushree Bhattacharya, Melina Malinen, Patrick Lauren, Tytti Kuisma, Johanna Niklander, Covadonna Parras- Cicuendez, Saara Kuisma, Arto Urtti Principe Phelippe, Valencia, Spain: Deborah Brook, Luke Noon Université de Rennes, France: Anne Corlu, Christiane GuGuen-Guillouzo VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland : Martina Lille UPM-Kymmene Corporation, Finland: Timo Koskinen, Kari Luukko, Antti Laukkanen, Esa Laurinsilta Aalto University, Finland: Olli Ikkala Funding: BioCenter Finland, Tekes-The Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation, EU-FP7 (LIV-ES project, HEALTH-F ), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Finland (grant ), and EU-Erasmus Exchange Student Exchange Programme, UPM-GrowDex -project.