Cellulose I Filaments

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Marion Rodgers
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1 2.0 Cellulose I Filaments Cellulose exhibition Aalto: Meri Lundhal Ville Klar Ling Wang Petri Kuosmanen Orlando Rojas VTT: Tiia Tenhunen Hille Rautkoski Kari Kammiovirta Vuokko Liukkonen Ville Klar Tekla Tammelin Ali Harlin Hannes Orelma

2 Can we use cellulose s aspect ratio in material assembly? Wood logs/gmber Cellulosic Fibers Nanocellulose (CNF) Dissolved Cellulose m mm µm-nm nm-å

3 Length of wood fibers limits the use of mechanical yarn manufacturing methods Create simple and inexpensive fibre yarn manufacturing technique Retain the original cellulose I structure à intrinsic properges of wood fibres Few processing steps Cellulose comprehensive chemistry I (1998) By Wikipedista:Ryj - Own work, Public Domain, hops://commons.wikimedia.org/w/ index.php?curid= Fiber orienta5on is required for achieving con5nuous wood fiber yarn!

4 Are all fibers made equal? 3 mm x 30 µm 30 x 21 cm 2D and 1D structures 1x1 µm 5x5 µm Cellulose Nanofibrils (CNF)

5 Wet spinning ver. 1: CNF-based filaments Nanofibrils in focused flow Håkansson et al., Nature Communica:ons 5:4018 (2014). doi: /ncomms5018

6 Filament An5-solvent (TO-)CNF TO-CNF, dry CNF, dry Need to control interac5ons with water Water sensigvity increased by high surface area (aspect rago) and charge CNF, wet TO-CNF, dry Temporal wet strength via surface modificagon and dope formulagon

7 Wet spinning ver. 2: Filaments from CNF (co-axial) (Patent pending)

8 Winder Hydrogel Polymer jet Meri Lundhal Ville Klar Ling Wang Mariko Ago (visit our poster)

9 Wet Spinning ConducGve/MagnetoacGve Coaxial Filaments 3D PrinGng Tero Kämäräinen Maryam Borhei

10 Flow orientation & spinning with salt Wood fibres (flow-orientated) Salt: aggregation & precipitation into wet ribbon 1 3 DWOC1 Thomas Widmaier, Aalto 1. Fibre suspension with rheology modifiers 2. Salt water 3. Gel yarn. Industrialized through DWOC1 Spin-off (Spinnova Ltd.) WO , Method for the manufacture of fibrous yarn, fibrous yarn and use of the fibrous yarn, VTT, Jyväskylä, Finland, (Salmela, J. Kiiskinen, H. Oksanen, A.), WO2012FI , , 18 p. Koskinen et al. Device for congnuous cellulose yarn drying and forming, 9th InternaGonal DAAAM BalGc Conference "Industrial engineering April 2014, Tallinn, Estonia Yinfeng Shen, VTT Thomas Widmaier, Aalto

11 Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) for filaments (DWOC2 gen2 technology) Choline chloride 1:2 mole rago Urea Mp. 302 C 12 C 133 C EutecGc mixtures composed of two or three components with a lower melgng point than each of the individual components Effect is consequence of hydrogen bonding between the components DES have similar physicochemical qualiges compared to ionic liquids Non-volaGle, biodegradable and do not react with water. DES-chemicals are cheap and non-toxic recyclable and reusable in the process. 11

12 Preparation of yarns from wood fibers Dry-jet wet-spinning Dope DES does not dissolve cellulose but swells it Simple dry-jet wet-spinning approach can be uglized to achieve a filament Chemistry affords water resistance. OrientaGon Spinneret CoagulaGon Dry-jet wetspinning Tenhunen et al. (2015) Bioresource Water free pulp + DES = Spinnable dope Water stable yarn from bleached pulp fibres (Patent pending) 12

13 Filament properties Tenacity and strain Current tenacity ~ ½ of viscose tenacity Water-stability achieved with small PAA addigon (DES) ElongaGon at the same level as cooon (DES) Sample Tenacity (cn/tex) Tensile strength (MPa) Elonga5on (max strain, %) IonCell filament Flow oriented CNF filaments Wet spinned CNF 14 tex CoOon yarn 58 tex 16 9 Viscose 20 tex Fibre yarn from pulp (twisted) 35 tex DES modified pulp filaments 18 tex tex = 1g/km (suom. langan pituusmassan yksikkö) Tenacity cn/tex (suom. lujuus) Tensile strength MPa (suom. vetolujuus) Tenacity takes into account the density of the yarn. Tensile strength does not

14 More informa5on available in our posters and videos Conclusions Fiber yarn manufacturing technologies developed in DWOC Flow orientagon Coaxial spinning DES-assisted spinning CNF-based filaments for high performance applicagons Successful manufacture of wood fiber filaments

Ionic liquids. - new process chemistry for heavy industry

Ionic liquids. - new process chemistry for heavy industry Ionic liquids - new process chemistry for heavy industry Ilkka Kilpeläinen Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta / Henkilön nimi / Esityksen nimi 16.5.2014 1 Background Ionic liquids Ionic Liquids