The Economic Benefits of International Students to the U.S. Economy Academic Year

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1 The Economic Benefits of International to the U.S. Economy Academic Year NAFSA: Association of International Educators estimates that international students and their dependents contributed approximately $21.81 billion to the U.S. economy during the academic year. This conservative figure is based on tuition figures from Wintergreen Orchard House, enrollment figures from the Institute of International Education's Open Doors 2012 report, living expenses calculated from Wintergreen Orchard House figures, and overall analysis of the data by Jason Baumgartner, Director for Information Services at Indiana University Bloomington s Office of International Services. NAFSA's annual economic impact analysis estimates the economic contribution international students bring to the United States to support their education. The report does not rely on a multiplier effect. Although this might provide a more accurate estimate of actual economic impact, there is no consensus on the appropriate size of such a multiplier. NAFSA and its partners are committed to continuing efforts to improve our data and methodology. By any measure, international education makes a significant contribution to the U.S. economy New York Avenue, NW, Eighth Floor, Washington, DC Join Connecting Our World:

2 Missouri Total Number of Foreign : 16,061 Part 1: Net Contribution to State Economy by Foreign ( ) Contribution from Tuition and Fees to State Economy: $304,474,000 Contribution from Living Expenses: $257,511,000 Total Contribution by Foreign : $561,985,000 Less U.S. Support of 26.9% - $151,260,000 Plus Dependents' Living Expenses: + $7,137,000 Net Contribution to State Economy by Foreign and their Families: $417,862,000 Part 2: Contribution to State Economy by Foreign ' Dependents ( ) Spouses' Contribution Percent of Married : Percent of Spouses in the U.S.: Number of Spouses in the U.S.: 1,207 Additional Expenses for a Spouse: (% of student living expenses) 7.5% 85.0% 25.0% Spouses' Contribution: $4,829,000 Children's Contribution Number of Couples in the U.S.: 1,207 Number of Children per Couple: 0.6 Number of Children in the U.S.: 719 Additional Expenses for a Child: (% of student living expenses) 20.0% Children's Contribution: $2,308,000 Net Contribution to State Economy by Foreign ' Dependents: $7,137,000 Part 3: Foreign Student Contribution from Tuition/Fees and Living Expenses ( ) Aquinas Institute of Theology, St. Louis 16 $264.3 $342.7 $165.4 $441.7 Harris-Stowe State College, St. Louis 12 $117.5 $194.6 $46.8 $265.2 St. Louis Community College - Florissant Valley, St. Louis St. Louis Community College - Forest Park, St. Louis 76 $498.1 $1,165.4 $90.9 $1, $1,199.4 $2,808.6 $218.9 $3,789.1 St. Louis University - Main Campus, St. Louis 1047 $32,359.6 $20,928.2 $11,784.4 $41,503.3 University of Missouri - St. Louis, St. Louis 651 $11,498.6 $10,442.9 $5,491.9 $16,449.6 Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis 2016 $74,490.1 $50,939.5 $50,273.5 $75,156.0 Congressional District: 01 William Lacy Clay, Jr. (D) $139,177.5

3 Concordia Seminary, St. Louis 13 $140.2 $313.0 $148.2 $305.0 Eden Theological Seminary, Webster Groves 14 $140.2 $250.7 $128.2 $262.8 Logan College of Chiropractic, Chesterfield 30 $431.0 $417.8 $276.8 $571.9 Maryville University, St. Louis 98 $1,996.6 $1,658.2 $664.7 $2,990.1 Missouri Baptist University, St. Louis 56 $870.5 $670.6 $232.5 $1,308.6 St. Louis Community College - Meramec, St. Louis 262 $1,717.1 $4,015.8 $313.4 $5,419.5 Webster University, St. Louis 380 $6,453.1 $7,165.4 $2,243.9 $11,374.6 Congressional District: 02 Ann Wagner (R) $22,232.5 East Central College, Union *** $17.8 $73.4 $5.0 $86.2 Lincoln University, Jefferson City 67 $776.7 $1,090.8 $268.7 $1,598.9 Lindenwood University, St. Charles 1004 $13,554.8 $12,724.9 $3,949.8 $22,329.9 Westminster College, Fulton 191 $3,331.1 $2,801.7 $876.1 $5,256.6 William Woods University, Fulton 68 $1,323.8 $1,087.8 $343.3 $2,068.3 Congressional District: 03 Blaine Luetkemeyer (R) $31,339.9 Central Methodist University, Fayette 37 $903.4 $492.4 $208.5 $1,187.3 Columbia College, Columbia 119 $1,872.2 $2,276.7 $601.0 $3,547.9 Cottey College, Nevada 41 $658.4 $665.4 $72.4 $1,251.4 Moberly Area Community College, Moberly 34 $220.7 $523.4 $40.5 $703.5 State Fair Community College, Sedalia 17 $86.5 $238.1 $17.9 $306.7 University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg 663 $7,220.2 $7,762.6 $2,227.5 $12,755.2 University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia 2198 $45,231.6 $37,430.9 $30,243.2 $52,419.3 Congressional District: 04 Vicky Hartzler (R) $72,171.5 Avila University, Kansas City 176 $3,444.1 $2,490.3 $894.2 $5,040.2 DeVry University - Missouri, Kansas City 15 $93.5 $280.2 $61.3 $312.5 Kansas City Art Institute, Kansas City 10 $258.5 $188.2 $38.9 $407.8 Metropolitan Community College - Kansas City, Kansas City Metropolitan Community College - Longview, Kansas City Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, Kansas City 113 $666.8 $2,017.3 $146.5 $2, $255.6 $599.4 $46.6 $ $2,002.0 $1,333.3 $1,094.4 $2,240.9

4 Missouri Valley College, Marshall 163 $2,954.8 $2,029.4 $747.9 $4,236.2 University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City 1267 $20,050.7 $17,540.8 $13,385.2 $24,206.3 Wentworth Military Academy and College, Lexington 18 $177.6 $273.5 $24.8 $426.3 Congressional District: 05 Emanuel Cleaver, II (D) $40,216.1 Culver-Stockton College, Canton 17 $382.0 $289.3 $100.7 $570.6 Hannibal-LaGrange University, Hannibal 113 $1,767.3 $1,275.2 $454.2 $2,588.2 Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph 27 $228.2 $408.5 $80.8 $555.9 North Central Missouri College, Trenton *** $21.9 $56.1 $4.3 $73.7 Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville 408 $3,437.0 $4,636.6 $1,240.5 $6,833.1 Park University, Parkville 639 $13,173.2 $8,478.4 $3,085.3 $18,566.3 Truman State University, Kirksville 350 $4,033.7 $4,580.9 $1,215.7 $7,398.9 William Jewell College, Liberty 29 $822.1 $461.5 $186.3 $1,097.3 Congressional District: 06 Sam Graves (R) $37,684.0 Assemblies of God Theological Seminary, Springfield *** $96.1 $113.6 $60.3 $149.5 College of the Ozarks, Point Lookout 24 $355.5 $245.0 $90.1 $510.5 Crowder College, Neosho 43 $160.3 $654.2 $44.4 $770.0 Drury University, Springfield 125 $2,635.4 $1,987.4 $658.5 $3,964.3 Forest Institute of Professional Psychology, Springfield *** $91.8 $96.1 $62.2 $125.8 Missouri Southern State University, Joplin 101 $903.7 $1,169.8 $270.4 $1,803.0 Missouri State University, Springfield 1144 $11,615.3 $15,788.5 $4,155.2 $23,248.6 Ozark Christian College, Joplin 16 $151.6 $243.1 $36.3 $358.4 Ozarks Technical Community College, Springfield 18 $88.0 $243.5 $18.2 $313.3 Southwest Baptist University, Bolivar 31 $573.2 $357.4 $132.7 $797.9 Congressional District: 07 Billy Long (R) $32,041.3 Mineral Area College, Park Hills *** $31.8 $120.1 $8.4 $143.6 Missouri State University - West Plains, West Plains Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau *** $51.9 $165.2 $11.9 $ $18,557.3 $16,024.4 $9,187.6 $25, $8,001.0 $11,964.5 $2,778.4 $17,187.1 Three Rivers Community College, Poplar Bluff *** $18.4 $55.1 $4.0 $69.4

5 Congressional District: 08 Jo Ann Emerson (R) $42,999.3

6 Methodology: How We Compute Economic Impact (November 2012) We define economic impact as the amount of money that foreign students collectively bring into the United States to pay for their education and to support themselves while they (and in some cases, their families) are here. The goal of our economic impact formula is to use data already collected for other purposes to provide a reasonable estimate of the economic resources that foreign students import to the United States to support their education here each year. The data sets used for these reports come from two sources: 1. The Institute of International Education s Open Doors 2012 report, funded by the U.S. Department of State s Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, provides numbers of international students enrolled at colleges and universities throughout the United States during the academic year. In many cases, this data provide separate totals for undergraduate, graduate, and non degree students. ( 2. Wintergreen Orchard House, a major database compiler, provider, and publisher of education data, provides cost figures for tuition, living, and miscellaneous expenses at U.S. colleges and universities for the academic year. ( The extensive data provided by these two sources (which collect it directly from surveys of the institutions involved) allow us to make our estimates sensitive to differences between institutions. However, there are still areas where our estimates and formulas could be improved. For example, we compute economic impact only for students reported in the Open Doors report. Colleges and universities that do not provide information to the Institute of International Education are not represented. Also, enrollment reports represent peak enrollment, and not necessarily enrollment levels throughout the year. Estimating Expenses Tuition, fees, living expenses, and dollar estimates are derived from Wintergreen Orchard House s data collected on surveys completed by institutions every year. We try to make our calculations sensitive not only to differing costs at institutions, but differing costs for ESL students, undergraduates, graduate students, and students on practical training. 1. Undergraduates and English Language Programs: The number of undergraduate students at an institution is specified by Open Doors data. Wintergreen Orchard House s data provide undergraduate tuition and fee amounts, on-campus room and board amounts, and miscellaneous expenses. These categories are sometimes broken down into averages for international, out-of-state, flat rate, and in-state students. When multiple averages are available, we choose averages in the order given above. 2. Graduate : The number of graduate students at an institution is specified by Open Doors data. Wintergreen Orchard House s data provide graduate tuition and fee amounts, on-campus room and board amounts, and miscellaneous expenses. If there are

7 no differentiated graduate expenses provided by an institution in the Wintergreen Orchard House s data, then the undergraduate expenses would be applied. Note: For this cycle, Wintergreen Orchard House was unable to provide updated graduate expenses for the academic year. Therefore an estimated percentage increase was applied based upon the graduate expenses for a derived graduate expense for each institution. 3. on Practical Training: We assume these students earn enough in their U.S. jobs to pay living and educational expenses for the year, and so import no funds for their support. Therefore, net economic impact of students in practical training is zero. Economic impact of an international student equals tuition and fees, plus room and board, plus miscellaneous figured at 50 percent of room and board, less U.S. support. We assume: (a) that spring enrollment figures are the same as the fall figures reported, (b) that all students are enrolled full time for two semesters or three quarters a year, and (c) that students live on campus for the full year. The miscellaneous expenses, enumerated in Wintergreen Orchard House s data, average about 40 percent of room and board expenses. We use a 50 percent figure as an approximation that includes all extra expenses except for travel. Estimating U.S. Support The Open Doors survey asks schools to report the percentage of their students who are selffunded, the percentage that have U.S. source income, etc. The U.S. support percentage includes funding from a U.S. college or university, the U.S. Government, a U.S. private sponsor or current employment. For this analysis the percentages are calculated based upon the institution s Carnegie classification and the academic career of the student. For example, this process will differentiate the level of support between undergraduates and graduates at a particular research institution while it also differentiates a baccalaureate-classified institution from an associate sclassified institution. Individual Institution Enrollment Figures For institutions with fewer than 10 international students enrolled, enrollment totals are suppressed for confidentiality reasons. In the reports, this is indicated by three asterisks (***). Note about Fluctuations: There may be fluctuations between the overall enrollment and the overall economic impact totals on the national, state, congressional district, or institution level. This is due to several variables that comprise the economic impact amount. For example, an institution could have a slight decrease of international students with a slight increase in tuition and living expenses, resulting in an overall increase in economic impact. Another institution could have an overall increase in their international student population, but with a different mix of undergraduates, graduates, and those on practical training. That mix could result in a lower economic impact, as graduate students generally receive more university funding and those on OPT have a zero impact on the economic impact value. All these variations are accounted for within the overall analysis.