The Economic Benefits of International Education to the United States for the Academic Year: A Statistical Analysis

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1 The Economic Benefits of International Education to the United States for the Academic Year: A Statistical Analysis NAFSA estimates that foreign students and their dependents contributed approximately $17.6 billion to the U.S. economy during the academic year. This conservative figure is based on tuition figures from Wintergreen Orchard House, enrollment figures from the Institute of International Education's Open Doors 2009 report, living expenses calculated from Wintergreen Orchard House figures and analysis of the data by Jason Baumgartner at Indiana University Bloomington s Office of International Services. NAFSA's annual Economic Impact Statements estimate the amount of money foreign students bring to the United States to support their education. This report does not rely on a multiplier effect. Although this might provide a more accurate estimate of actual economic impact, there is no consensus on the appropriate size of such a multiplier. Along with our partners at the Institute of International Education and Indiana University, we are committed to continuing efforts to improve our data and methodology. By any measure, international education makes a significant contribution to the U.S. economy New York Avenue, NW, Eighth Floor, Washington, DC Tel: Fax:

2 Pennsylvania Total Number of Foreign : 27,529 Part 1: Net Contribution to State Economy by Foreign ( ) Contribution from Tuition and Fees to State Economy: $698,869,000 Contribution from Living Expenses: $512,659,000 Total Contribution by Foreign : $1,211,528,000 Less U.S. Support of 33.9% - $411,046,000 Plus Dependents' Living Expenses: + $19,860,000 Net Contribution to State Economy by Foreign and their Families: $820,341,000 Part 2: Contribution to State Economy by Foreign ' Dependents ( ) Spouses' Contribution Percent of Married : Percent of Spouses in the U.S.: Number of Spouses in the U.S.: 2,900 Additional Expenses for a Spouse: (% of student living expenses) 10.5% 85.0% 25.0% Spouses' Contribution: $13,434,000 Children's Contribution Number of Couples in the U.S.: 2,900 Number of Children per Couple: 0.6 Number of Children in the U.S.: 1,733 Additional Expenses for a Child: (% of student living expenses) 20.0% Children's Contribution: $6,426,000 Net Contribution to State Economy by Foreign ' Dependents: $19,860,000 Part 3: Foreign Student Contribution from Tuition/Fees and Living Expenses ( ) La Salle University, Philadelphia 176 $3,881.1 $3,821.5 $969.4 $6,733.1 Temple University, Philadelphia 1919 $36,844.7 $35,251.8 $20,022.4 $52,074.2 Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia 103 $1,801.6 $2,205.5 $2,369.7 $1,637.4 Widener University, Chester 168 $4,520.7 $3,551.6 $1,256.9 $6,815.4 Congressional District: 01 Robert Brady (D) $67,260.1 Arcadia University, Glenside 52 $1,265.5 $1,041.0 $303.1 $2,003.3 Chestnut Hill College, Philadelphia 20 $468.2 $361.8 $125.5 $704.4 Community College of Philadelphia, Philadelphia 220 $1,755.4 $5,066.2 $239.7 $6,581.8 Curtis Institute of Music, Philadelphia 59 $1,321.0 $1,283.7 $55.6 $2,549.0

3 Drexel University, Philadelphia 2007 $54,674.3 $48,972.4 $26,702.9 $76,943.8 Gratz College, Melrose Park *** $63.4 $101.3 $24.1 $140.5 Lutheran Theological Seminary - Philadelphia, Philadelphia *** $50.6 $102.9 $65.2 $88.3 Philadelphia University, Philadelphia 121 $2,570.7 $1,966.8 $835.0 $3,702.4 Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia 273 $7,236.2 $5,655.4 $1,651.7 $11,239.9 University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 4635 $145,289.0 $93,350.1 $91,610.7 $147,028.4 University of the Arts, Philadelphia 88 $2,684.9 $1,397.1 $64.4 $4,017.5 Congressional District: 02 Chaka Fattah (D) $254,999.3 Allegheny College, Meadville 36 $1,006.4 $547.1 $613.4 $940.1 Edinboro University of Pennsylvania, Edinboro 78 $607.7 $890.1 $190.7 $1,307.2 Gannon University, Erie 295 $5,647.2 $6,111.1 $1,528.1 $10,230.2 Grove City College, Grove City 14 $171.3 $192.7 $160.2 $203.9 Mercyhurst College, Erie 209 $4,455.2 $3,548.7 $1,537.4 $6,466.5 Penn State Erie, Behrend College, Erie 68 $1,206.0 $1,084.8 $548.7 $1,742.1 Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania, Slippery Rock 104 $861.2 $1,251.9 $260.3 $1,852.8 Thiel College, Greenville 61 $1,220.4 $1,068.7 $1,001.4 $1,287.7 Congressional District: 03 Kathy Dahlkemper (D) $24,030.4 Geneva College, Beaver Falls 13 $219.1 $194.8 $93.8 $320.0 La Roche College, Pittsburgh 187 $3,778.4 $3,624.5 $1,281.1 $6,121.7 Penn State Beaver, Monaca *** $51.5 $48.5 $44.0 $56.0 Congressional District: 04 Jason Altmire (D) $6,497.7 Clarion University of Pennsylvania, Clarion 71 $985.4 $1,092.1 $244.7 $1,832.8 Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania, Lock Haven 121 $1,617.0 $1,568.8 $470.6 $2,715.2 Mansfield University of Pennsylvania, Mansfield 35 $532.0 $523.4 $153.4 $902.0 Penn State - Non-University Park Campuses, University Park 408 $3,184.7 $6,833.9 $461.5 $9,557.2 Penn State Dickinson School of Law, Carlisle 12 $302.9 $205.8 $104.0 $404.6 Penn State DuBois, DuBois *** $9.9 $20.8 $0.8 $29.9 Penn State University Park, University Park 3741 $98,447.4 $66,254.8 $64,094.6 $100,607.6 University of Pittsburgh - Bradford, Bradford *** $43.2 $32.4 $19.2 $56.3

4 Congressional District: 05 Glenn W. Thompson (R) $116,105.7 Albright College, Reading 132 $3,976.8 $2,677.8 $2,913.6 $3,741.0 Alvernia College, Reading 14 $313.7 $282.1 $78.5 $517.3 Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr 108 $3,537.3 $2,600.5 $2,515.3 $3,622.6 Cabrini College, Radnor 14 $413.6 $351.3 $130.1 $634.8 Haverford College, Haverford 41 $1,519.0 $1,065.4 $1,067.2 $1,517.2 Penn State Berks, Reading 26 $456.8 $446.0 $395.2 $507.5 Penn State Great Valley, Malvern 18 $262.2 $377.8 $82.4 $557.6 Reading Area Community College, Reading 24 $150.9 $439.2 $20.7 $569.4 Rosemont College, Rosemont 11 $273.8 $247.0 $85.9 $434.9 Ursinus College, Collegeville 30 $1,023.0 $533.9 $642.9 $914.0 Congressional District: 06 Jim Gerlach (R) $13,016.4 Cheyney University of Pennsylvania, Cheyney *** $96.7 $103.5 $29.8 $170.4 Delaware County Community College, Media 251 $1,998.0 $5,287.3 $256.1 $7,029.1 Eastern University, St. Davids 171 $3,244.7 $2,941.3 $811.0 $5,375.0 Immaculata University, Immaculata 26 $509.6 $497.8 $121.0 $886.4 Neumann College, Aston 52 $1,078.7 $1,105.6 $417.3 $1,767.0 Penn State Brandywine, Media *** $85.9 $104.1 $48.2 $141.7 Pennsylvania Institute of Technology, Media *** $56.0 $124.9 $6.8 $174.0 Saint Charles Borromeo Seminary, Wynnewood *** $100.2 $162.4 $106.3 $156.4 Swarthmore College, Swarthmore 107 $3,877.9 $2,218.4 $2,669.5 $3,426.8 Valley Forge Military College, Wayne *** $176.7 $166.1 $12.2 $330.6 Villanova University, Villanova 344 $9,480.5 $6,518.1 $2,089.2 $13,909.4 Congressional District: 07 Joe Sestak (D) $33,366.8 Bucks County Community College, Newtown 40 $379.6 $800.4 $41.5 $1,138.5 Delaware Valley College, Doylestown *** $46.2 $42.4 $22.5 $66.1 Philadelphia Biblical University, Langhorne 29 $452.9 $465.1 $149.1 $768.9 Congressional District: 08 Patrick J. Murphy (D) $1,973.4 Juniata College, Huntingdon 99 $3,027.4 $1,910.6 $1,738.3 $3,199.7

5 Penn State Altoona, Altoona 31 $566.4 $508.1 $271.0 $803.5 Penn State Mont Alto, Mont Alto *** $68.7 $64.6 $3.4 $130.0 Saint Francis College, Loretto 10 $222.0 $169.8 $49.7 $342.0 Wilson College, Chambersburg 29 $582.7 $452.4 $261.6 $773.5 Congressional District: 09 Bill Shuster (R) $5,248.6 Baptist Bible College and Seminary, Clarks Summit 12 $161.2 $164.7 $73.8 $252.1 Bucknell University, Lewisburg 152 $5,498.7 $2,608.6 $3,294.1 $4,813.2 College of Misericordia, Dallas *** $46.0 $43.0 $11.0 $78.0 Lycoming College, Williamsport 15 $425.2 $243.7 $294.3 $374.6 Penn State Wilkes-Barre, Lehman *** $17.2 $20.8 $9.6 $28.3 Pennsylvania College of Technology, Williamsport 27 $389.4 $481.2 $96.1 $774.4 Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove 16 $465.1 $280.8 $301.2 $444.6 Congressional District: 10 Christopher P. Carney (D) $6,765.2 Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania, Bloomsburg East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania, East Stroudsburg 79 $999.0 $945.3 $246.6 $1, $617.1 $856.6 $192.9 $1,280.8 King's College, Wilkes-Barre *** $152.4 $124.6 $55.9 $221.1 Lackawanna College, Scranton *** $20.1 $29.7 $1.8 $48.1 Marywood University, Scranton 54 $1,175.6 $1,211.4 $288.9 $2,098.1 Penn State Hazleton, Hazleton *** $31.6 $41.6 $18.6 $54.7 Penn State Worthington-Scranton, Dunmore *** $17.2 $20.8 $9.6 $28.3 University of Scranton, Scranton 131 $3,364.7 $3,065.6 $1,251.6 $5,178.7 Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre 152 $3,572.7 $2,941.3 $822.7 $5,691.3 Congressional District: 11 Paul E. Kanjorski (D) $16,298.7 California University of Pennsylvania, California 52 $543.2 $918.8 $184.5 $1,277.5 Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana 527 $6,495.9 $6,209.4 $1,998.7 $10,706.5 Penn State New Kensington, Upper Burrell *** $35.7 $41.6 $19.6 $57.7 University of Pittsburgh - Johnstown, Johnstown *** $146.4 $105.8 $64.0 $188.2 Congressional District: 12 John Murtha (D) $12,229.9

6 DeVry University campuses in Pennsylvania, Fort Washington 30 $179.5 $633.8 $28.5 $784.9 Gwynedd-Mercy College, Gwynedd Valley 26 $509.9 $476.4 $106.9 $879.4 Holy Family College, Philadelphia 20 $428.6 $425.8 $112.8 $741.6 Montgomery County Community College, Blue Bell 239 $2,048.1 $4,912.6 $244.6 $6,716.1 Penn State Abington, Abington 15 $257.9 $312.2 $244.3 $325.9 Congressional District: 13 Allyson Y. Schwartz (D) $9,447.8 Carlow College, Pittsburgh 15 $305.7 $257.8 $83.0 $480.5 Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh 3299 $105,902.4 $64,753.4 $73,829.4 $96,826.4 Chatham University, Pittsburgh 88 $2,298.2 $1,683.6 $560.6 $3,421.2 Community College of Allegheny County, Pittsburgh 171 $1,163.8 $3,570.7 $172.6 $4,562.0 Duquesne University, Pittsburgh 495 $11,474.2 $9,120.8 $3,479.7 $17,115.3 Penn State Greater Allegheny, McKeesport 11 $188.9 $177.7 $161.3 $205.3 Pittsburgh Theological Seminary, Pittsburgh 14 $141.6 $174.6 $111.5 $204.7 Point Park University, Pittsburgh 63 $1,140.1 $1,154.0 $329.2 $1,964.9 University of Pittsburgh - Pittsburgh Campus, Pittsburgh 2216 $57,988.2 $42,825.5 $49,530.9 $51,282.8 Congressional District: 14 Mike Doyle (D) $176,063.0 Cedar Crest College, Allentown 66 $1,722.8 $1,338.6 $1,340.6 $1,720.8 Lafayette College, Easton 155 $5,483.2 $3,845.3 $4,063.6 $5,264.9 Lehigh Carbon Community College, Schnecksville 25 $196.6 $504.8 $24.7 $676.7 Lehigh University, Bethlehem 739 $24,116.7 $15,039.3 $13,815.4 $25,340.6 Moravian College, Bethlehem 29 $770.9 $508.9 $465.4 $814.4 Muhlenberg College, Allentown 11 $343.5 $186.5 $212.5 $317.4 Northampton Community College, Bethlehem 133 $943.6 $1,991.7 $105.6 $2,829.7 Penn State Lehigh Valley, Fogelsville *** $83.3 $104.1 $47.6 $139.8 Congressional District: 15 Charles W. Dent (R) $37,104.2 Elizabethtown College, Elizabethtown 41 $1,027.7 $611.5 $316.7 $1,322.5 Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster 189 $7,159.3 $3,944.0 $4,781.5 $6,321.8

7 Lancaster Bible College, Lancaster 12 $159.7 $160.3 $132.2 $187.9 Lincoln University of Pennsylvania, Lincoln University 83 $1,003.5 $1,398.8 $348.5 $2,053.9 Millersville University, Millersville 64 $825.6 $956.0 $225.1 $1,556.5 Congressional District: 16 Joseph R. Pitts (R) $11,442.5 Evangelical Theological Seminary, Myerstown *** $40.5 $88.5 $41.7 $87.3 Harrisburg Area Community College, Harrisburg 189 $1,582.2 $3,794.8 $189.0 $5,188.0 Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, Kutztown 90 $1,257.6 $1,366.5 $345.1 $2,278.9 Lebanon Valley College, Annville *** $145.4 $87.8 $51.9 $181.2 Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey 110 $1,689.8 $2,093.1 $2,485.3 $1,297.5 Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown 81 $1,314.9 $1,430.7 $357.1 $2,388.4 Penn State Schuylkill, Schuylkill Haven *** $33.3 $38.2 $18.1 $53.3 Congressional District: 17 Tim Holden (D) $11,474.6 Pittsburgh Technical Institute, Oakdale *** $6.0 $20.8 $1.0 $25.8 Robert Morris University, Moon Township 121 $2,349.8 $2,510.0 $636.9 $4,222.9 Saint Vincent College, Latrobe 29 $595.8 $475.5 $354.0 $717.3 Seton Hill University, Greensburg 35 $866.5 $638.2 $367.7 $1,137.0 University of Pittsburgh - Greensburg, Greensburg *** $194.6 $148.8 $151.1 $192.3 Congressional District: 18 Tim Murphy (R) $6,295.5 Dickinson College, Carlisle 156 $5,529.6 $3,164.1 $3,553.2 $5,140.4 Gettysburg College, Gettysburg 50 $1,875.0 $1,033.7 $1,273.4 $1,635.3 Lutheran Theological Seminary - Gettysburg, Gettysburg *** $20.2 $41.6 $20.8 $41.0 Messiah College, Grantham 59 $1,327.3 $912.2 $552.4 $1,687.1 Penn State York, York 14 $240.3 $232.8 $11.9 $461.2 Shippensburg University, Shippensburg 49 $569.1 $572.7 $149.0 $992.8 York College of Pennsylvania, York 32 $441.8 $557.4 $235.6 $763.6 Congressional District: 19 Todd Platts (R) $10,721.4

8 Methodology: How We Compute Economic Impact (2009) We define economic impact as the amount of money that foreign students collectively bring into the United States to pay for their education and to support themselves while they (and in some cases, their families) are here. The goal of our economic impact formula is to use data already collected for other purposes to provide a reasonable estimate of the economic resources that foreign students import to the United States to support their education here each year. The data sets used for these reports come from two sources: 1. The Institute of International Education s Open Doors 2009 report, funded by the Department of State, provides numbers of foreign students at universities and colleges throughout the United States during the academic year. In many cases, this data provide separate totals for undergraduate, graduate, and non degree students. ( 2. Wintergreen Orchard House provides cost figures for tuition, living, and miscellaneous expenses at U.S. institutions for the academic year ( The extensive data provided by these two sources (which collect it directly from surveys of the institutions involved) allow us to make our estimates sensitive to differences between institutions. However, there are still areas where our estimates and formulas could be improved. For example, we compute economic impact only for students reported in Open Doors. Universities that do not provide information to the Institute of International Education are not represented. Also, enrollment reports represent peak enrollment, and not necessarily enrollment levels throughout the year. Estimating Expenses Tuition, fees, living expenses, and dollar estimates are derived from Wintergreen Orchard House s data collected on surveys completed by institutions every year. We try to make our calculations sensitive not only to differing costs at institutions, but differing costs for ESL students, undergraduates, graduate students, and students on practical training. 1. Undergraduates and English Language Programs: The number of undergraduate students at an institution is specified by Open Doors data. Wintergreen Orchard House s data provide undergraduate tuition and fee amounts, oncampus room and board amounts, and miscellaneous expenses. These categories are sometimes broken down into averages for international, out-of-state, flat rate, and instate, students. When multiple averages are available, we choose averages in the order given above.

9 2. Graduate : The number of graduate students at an institution is specified by Open Doors data. Wintergreen Orchard Houses data provide graduate tuition and fee amounts, on-campus room and board amounts, and miscellaneous expenses. If there are no differentiated graduate expenses provided by an institution in the Wintergreen Orchard House s data, then the undergraduate expenses would be applied. 3. on Practical Training: We assume these students earn enough in their U.S. jobs to pay living and educational expenses for the year, and so import no funds for their support. Therefore, net economic impact of students in practical training is zero. Economic impact of an international student equals tuition and fees, plus room and board, plus miscellaneous figured at 50 percent of room and board, less U.S. support. We assume: (a) that spring enrollment figures are the same as the fall figures reported, (b) that all students are enrolled full time for two semesters or three quarters a year, and (c) that students live on campus for the full year. The miscellaneous expenses, enumerated in Wintergreen Orchard House s data, average about 40 percent of room and board expenses. We use a 50 percent figure as an approximation that includes all extra expenses except for travel. Estimating U.S. Support The Open Doors survey asks schools to report the percentage of their students who are self funded, the percentage that have U.S. source income, etc. The U.S. support percentage includes funding from a U.S. college or university, the U.S. Government, a U.S. private sponsor or current employment. For this analysis the percentages are calculated based upon the institution s Carnegie classification and the academic career of the student. For example, this process will differentiate the level of support between undergraduates and graduates at a particular research institution while it also differentiates between a baccalaureate classified institution from an associate s classified institution. Individual Institution Enrollment Figures For institutions with fewer than 10 international students enrolled, enrollment totals are suppressed for confidentiality reasons. In the reports, this is indicated by three asterisks (***).