TRENDS IN STUDENT ENROLMENTS FOR AUSTRALIAN BACHELOR DEGREES: IS THE PRESENT GROWTH STRATEGY SUSTAINABLE?

Transcription

1 AUSTRALIAN HIGHER EDUCATION POLICY ANALYSIS TRENDS IN STUDENT ENROLMENTS FOR AUSTRALIAN BACHELOR DEGREES: IS THE PRESENT GROWTH STRATEGY SUSTAINABLE? The University of Melbourne SUMMARY The Rudd Labor Government in 2009 endorsed a target of 40 per cent of year olds having at least a bachelor degree by To achieve this goal and an associated low socioeconomic participation target domestic student intake caps were remove and Australian higher education institutions were encouraged to enrol at least 50,000 more domestic degree students by The very variable responses of individual universities, mainly for commencing bachelor student enrolments, are examined in this paper. The principal findings are: Overall, domestic bachelor commencing student numbers for higher education institutions increased by more than 53,500 in the period 2009 to 2013, a 27.5% increase - exceeding the government target (figures 1 and 2). Corresponding overseas commencing bachelor enrolments actually declined by more than 6,800, a 9.7% decrease, during the same period. A number of factors, including a displacement effect of increased domestic numbers, may be responsible (figures 1 and 2). Ten Australian universities had more than 32,000 bachelor enrolees in Monash was the highest ranked with 45,870 bachelor internal and external students, while RMIT had the highest number of commencing bachelor students at 15,135, almost half on overseas campuses (figure 3).

2 Six Australian universities increased domestic bachelor enrolments by more than 50% when intakes for 2009 and 2013 are compared. All but one of these universities reported correspondingly significant declines in overseas student bachelor enrolments (figure 4). Swinburne s domestic bachelor enrolments increased by more than 180 percent between the two comparator years. On-campus commencing students for 2013 ranged from 91% for RMIT University to only 9% for the University of New England, with the national average being 72% internal students (table1). Female students represent 59% of enrolees, well above the population demographic of 49% for the 15 to 34 year age group (table 1). The Group of Eight Universities had a declining proportion of new domestic bachelor enrolments over the five year period from 25.4% to 22.9%. This outcome is because, comparing 2009 with 2013, Go8 universities increased their commencing domestic bachelor student numbers by only 14.3%, while the national average growth figure was 26.6% (figure 5). Sydney had the lowest growth figure at 2.9%. The Australian Technology Network Universities reported an above average growth of 28.6% between the two years compared with the national figure of 26.6% (figure 6). The State of New South Wales had the highest number of commencing bachelor students in 2013, with Victoria recording the largest increase since 2009 resulting in a significant narrowing of the gap between the two states (figure 7). The increased domestic enrolments have resulted in a higher proportion of the students being over 25 years of age, studying full-time, off-campus with no significant gender balance change (table 1 and figure 9). Based on current enrolments and completion trends achieving the 40% domestic graduate target by 2025 is possible, but challenging. Increased government per capita funding and/or a measure of fee deregulation will be essential to achieve the 2025 target of producing many more internationally competitive graduates (sections 5 and 6). LH Martin Institute for Tertiary Education Leadership and Management Page 2 of 21

3 INTRODUCTION On the 13 th March 2008 the then Commonwealth Minister for Education, Julia Gillard announced a major review of the Australian Higher Education (AHE) system to be chaired by Professor Emeritus Denise Bradley. The goal was to report on the fitness for purpose of the AHE system to meet the needs of the Australian community and economy with options for ongoing reforms. The final report, entitled Review of Australian Higher Education, was presented to the minister on 17 th December 2008 (1). Major recommendations focussed on policies needed to increase the participation of young Australians in higher education to raise skills levels to meet the challenges associated with a global economy. A target of 40 per cent of 25-to-34 year olds attaining at least a bachelor-level qualification by 2020 was recommended along with 20 per cent of undergraduate student enrolments coming from low socioeconomic backgrounds by The Rudd Labor Government responded in 2009 with a policy paper entitled Transforming Australia s Higher Education System outlining the proposed AHE reforms (2). They endorsed a 40 per cent attainment target for 25-to-34 year olds to be qualified at least at bachelor level by 2025 and the 20 per cent socioeconomic target. Central to achieving these reforms were the promotion of a student-driven system coupled with funded places for all eligible domestic students at a public HE provider. The student income support framework was also to be changed. The aim was to achieve an extra 50,000 new commencing degree students by 2013, while promoting the long term low socioeconomic participation goal. Some overall analyses of student enrolment trends and outcomes have been undertaken in recent time. A paper by ACER researchers Edwards and Radloff in 2013 (3) examined higher education domestic undergraduate enrolment growth and the role of the private higher education providers, especially from 2009 to They highlight that private providers have more non-bachelor enrolments than public universities in their undergraduate cohort and that student growth has not had a significant adverse impact on the quality of outcomes. A major conclusion by these authors was that Australia remains some way off achieving either of the targets set at the end of the last decade. Andrew Norton and colleagues of the Grattan Institute provide a valuable detailed overview of the state of AHE in 2014, including in chapter 2 student trends and enrolment numbers. They report that the government policy change has led to a rapid increase in enrolments in the period 2009 to 2013 (4). In this paper we report on the enrolment trends for domestic and overseas students, principally at the bachelor degree level, since this is the area of primary focus for the policy reform. The latest enrolment data up to 2013, released in 2015, are sourced from the Commonwealth Department of Education website (5). LH Martin Institute for Tertiary Education Leadership and Management Page 3 of 21

4 ALL BACHELOR STUDENTS Ten-Year Trends The undergraduate bachelor commencement and total enrolment student numbers for the ten-year period 2004 to 2013 are presented in table A1 of Appendix A. The data includes enrolments in both Australian Universities and non-university higher education institutions. During this period domestic commencing student numbers increased by 55.1% and overseas student numbers by 24.7%, for a net overall increase of 47.8% (figure 1). Interestingly, when all bachelor enrolments are considered the increases for domestic and overseas student participation over the decade are very similar at 36.2 and 38.6 percent respectively (figure 2). These numbers imply that the retention rate for overseas students is significantly higher than for domestic students. The proportion of commencing undergraduate students in the total bachelor cohort increased steadily from 32.8% in 2004 to 35.5% in Thereafter, the proportion has been relatively stable (last line of table A1). By 2013 the bachelor cohort profile was 700,191 domestic students (79%), 181,388 overseas students (21%), for a combined total of 881,579 students. The enrolment trends, relative to year 2004 normalised to 100, are shown in figure 1 for domestic, overseas and all commencing bachelor students. The total bachelor student enrolment trends for all years are shown in figure 2. The student number trends shown in the figures and the numerical data in table A1 includes all bachelor students, internal on-campuses and external, full-time and part-time enrolments at universities and nonuniversities. Data are not readily available for the distribution of the different categories of students between the various courses of study. Figure 1. Commencing Bachelor Student Numbers, 2004 to 2013, normalised to 100 for LH Martin Institute for Tertiary Education Leadership and Management Page 4 of 21

5 It is very evident that the enrolments of commencing overseas students grew at a much faster rate than for domestic student in the five years 2004 to 2008, but there was a dramatic change for the subsequent five years 2009 to Overseas enrolments plateaued and then declined while domestic enrolments have surged. Overseas student commencement numbers in all institutions increased by 38.1% from 2004 to 2009 (19,384 students) then declined by 6,826 students (9.7%) from 2009 to For domestic students the corresponding growth figures were 21.7% and 27.5%. The increase in domestic commencements from 2009 to 2013 has been 53,592 students, so the government target figure of an extra 50,000 new commencing students by 2013 has been met. When only bachelor commencements in Australian Universities are considered, domestic student numbers increased by 49,581, while overseas student enrolments declined by 8,918 (see total line in table A2). The growth in domestic students clearly is a result of the government policy of uncapping intakes and promoting a student-driven demand system. One can ponder to what degree there has been a displacement effect with domestic students replacing overseas students. The reasons for the overseas student decline have been discussed in details by others. Generally the change has been attributed to factors such as safety concerns linked to racial discriminations against overseas students in Australia, visa restrictions, the strength of the Australian dollar and international competition from other English-speaking countries; notably, UK, USA and Canada. While these explanations have credibility as contributory factors, it is interesting to note that in the period 2009 to 2013 overseas student commencements for Masters by Coursework degrees actually increased by 1.8% (779 students), so some displacement effect at the bachelor level may have occurred where universities had infrastructure capacity limitations. There also has been a significant increase in the number of quality universities offering bachelor courses in Asia, so more students may be staying at home to complete undergraduate studies and then seeking international study at the graduate level. Figure 2. All Bachelor Student Enrolment Numbers, 2004 to 2013, normalised to 100 for LH Martin Institute for Tertiary Education Leadership and Management Page 5 of 21

6 The data summarised in figure 2 highlights that total overseas bachelor enrolments peaked in The overseas student decline since 2011 means that over the ten year period 2004 to 2013 the proportional growth for domestic and overseas bachelor enrolments are very similar. Central policy questions are whether domestic bachelor enrolments will continue to increase and what will happen to overseas student trends in future years. Preliminary undergraduate figures for the first half of 2014 (7) reveal that commencing domestic undergraduate numbers increased by 2.3% over 2013 and all domestic undergraduates by 3.2%. The growth trend seems to be maintained, but at a lower rate than in the previous two years. Universities with the highest bachelor enrolments in 2013 The ten universities with the highest number of bachelor enrolments for 2013, domestic and overseas, are shown in figure 3. All these universities had more than 32,000 bachelor students enrolled internally or externally in Monash had the most bachelor students with 45,870 students. Four Group of Eight (Go8) universities and three Australian Technology Network (ATN) universities are in the ten with highest enrolments. These ten universities account for 40% of the bachelor enrolments in Australia s 41 universities. The major change from the 2009 list to the 2013 list is that the University of Melbourne was replaced by Deakin University. A contributory factor to the Melbourne change is the transference of several professional programs from undergraduate to graduate degrees. Figure 3. The ten Australian Universities with the highest bachelor enrolments in Commencements and total student bachelor numbers are shown. LH Martin Institute for Tertiary Education Leadership and Management Page 6 of 21

7 RMIT had the most commencing bachelor students in 2013, at 15,135 followed by Monash at 14,265 and Curtin at 13,184. In the cases of Monash and Curtin around ten percent of the enrolees were external on-line students, while for RMIT almost half the students were overseas with many located at campuses in Vietnam. Four universities, Western Sydney, Deakin, Griffith and QUT, enrolled more than 10,000 commencing domestic bachelor students in Trends in University Commencing Bachelor Student Enrolments 2009 to 2013 The focus in this article is on the universities sector, since the contribution of the non-university sector, while significant, is small in absolute number terms, some 18,000 of 312,000 commencing bachelor students for Domestic commencement bachelor student enrolment growth in universities from 2009 to 2013 represented 93 percent of the total increase. Overall, this domestic commencement growth increased by 26.6%, while the corresponding overseas figure declined by 13.3%. The data for Australian universities are given in Appendix A, table A2, sorted according to their ranking in percentage commencing domestic bachelor growth for the period. The system-wide figures are shown in bold type. Universities with the highest commencement growth Twelve universities have recorded percentage bachelor domestic growth above the university sector national average of 26.6% when the 2009 intake numbers are compared with the 2013 numbers. The outcomes for these universities are shown graphically in figure 4. Also shown are the changes in overseas student commencements for these universities during the same period. No Go8 university is in the list of universities with growth above the national average, although as shown in figure 3 four Go8 universities are in the highest ten in terms of total bachelor enrolments. Two ATN universities appear in both lists. Figure 4. Percentage changes in domestic and overseas commencing bachelor enrolments from 2009 to 2013 for universities above the national average for all Australian universities. LH Martin Institute for Tertiary Education Leadership and Management Page 7 of 21

8 Six universities, Swinburne, Tasmania, Deakin, Australian Catholic University, Central Queensland University and RMIT University, increased their domestic enrolments by more than 50% between the two comparator years. All these universities, with the exception of RMIT, experienced significant declines in overseas student commencement numbers. The Swinburne University performance is exceptional with the increase in commencing domestic bachelor enrolments from 3238 in 2009 to 9077 in 2013 a 180% increase. Most of the growth, 4338 of the 5839 student increase, was a result of a Swinburne Online initiative. Some 75% of the online students are women from around Australia with an average age of 33 years. Swinburne has demonstrated that there are new ways to package opportunities for Australians to gain university qualifications by non-traditional pathways. (Source: Private Communication, Vice Chancellor, Swinburne University) The University of Tasmania also reported very significant domestic bachelor student growth from 3859 in 2009 to 8057 in 2013 a 109% increase. The intake profile also has changed with the proportion of on-campus commencing students decreasing from 69% in 2009 to 54% in The merger with the Australian Maritime College in 2008 may have also affected the reporting of these figures. Commencing domestic student profile The DoE provides commencing domestic student data by mode of attendance, internal, external and multimodal, full- or part-time attendance and by gender. A breakdown by specific course enrolments is not readily available; nevertheless, the majority of the commencements are at the bachelor level, so the data enables a useful indicative analysis to be undertaken. The percentage of internal students, full-time students and female students for nine of the twelve universities profiled in figure 4, along with the system-wide performance, are given in table 1 for the 2009 and 2013 intakes. LH Martin Institute for Tertiary Education Leadership and Management Page 8 of 21

9 Table 1. Percentage commencing domestic internal, full-time and female student statistics for selected universities in 2009 and Swinburne Tasmania Deakin ACU CQU RMIT Curtin Macquarie New England All Unis % 2009 Internal 99% 69% 54% 98% 18% 90% 82% 81% 12% 77% % 2013 Internal 49% 54% 56% 87% 16% 91% 67% 79% 9% 72% % % 57% 63% 69% 50% 75% 68% 61% 34% 66% % 2013 Fulltime Fulltime 57% 54% 71% 72% 50% 83% 70% 68% 41% 69% % 2009 Female 48% 63% 61% 74% 66% 53% 56% 56% 66% 59% % 2013 Female 60% 62% 62% 72% 62% 50% 59% 54% 67% 59% The wide variation in overall enrolment patterns across these universities is striking. RMIT had 91% and ACU 87% of domestic commencing students as internal students in 2013 at multi-campus locations, while New England had only 9% and Central Queensland 16%. For all Australian Universities 72% of commencing students were internal in 2013 compared with 77% in The most extreme profile intake change was for Swinburne where the proportion of commencing students classified as internal decreased from 99% to 49%, principally because on large online enrolments. The level of full-time participation also varied widely in 2013 from 83% for RMIT to 41% for New England, with the national average figure being 69% compared with 66% in These figures underline the diverse nature of the AHE system. Female students are the majority enrolees in almost all Australian Universities, on average at 59% for 2009 and 2013 with ACU reporting that almost three quarters of its commencing students were women. The higher participation by women is a significant variation to population demographics where, for example, females represent 49% of the 15 to 34 years age group (6). Overall for AHE institutions the increased domestic enrolments from 2009 to 2013 have resulted in a higher proportion of the students studying full-time, off-campus with no significant gender variation. LH Martin Institute for Tertiary Education Leadership and Management Page 9 of 21

10 Group of Eight Universities The data extracted from table A2 for the Group of Eight (Go8) research-intensive Universities are re-presented in table A3. Collectively, Go8 universities traditionally accounted around 25% of all domestic and overseas commencing bachelor student enrolments. This proportion remains the case for overseas students, but for domestic students the intake proportion declined to 22.9% in The growth in the Go8 domestic bachelor enrolments was 14.3% when intakes for years 2009 and 2013 are compared. This result is well below the national average increase of 26.6%. The changes for individual universities are presented in figure 5. Figure 5. Group of Eight percentage changes in domestic and overseas commencing bachelor enrolments from 2009 to All Go8 universities experienced some growth, with Queensland the highest at 22.2% and Sydney the lowest at 2.9% when the two years are compared. The very low growth figures for Western Australia and Sydney indicate that these universities have adopted a different recruitment policy position to most Australian universities. In bachelor student growth terms Queensland ranked 16 th among the 41 Australian universities (see table A2). The Melbourne growth figure may be slightly lower than expected because of the transfer of some traditionally undergraduate professional degrees to graduate programs. All Go8 universities experienced a decline in overseas bachelor commencements. ANU had the largest percentage decline of 28%, when 2009 is compared with 2013, while Monash experienced the largest absolute decrease of 971 students. The overall decline of 13.3% in overseas bachelor commencements for Go8 universities was at the national average. LH Martin Institute for Tertiary Education Leadership and Management Page 10 of 21

11 Australian Technology Network Universities The data for the five technology-oriented universities that are part of the Australian Technology Network (ATN) have also been extracted from table A2 and re-presented in table A4. The percentage change outcomes are similarly displayed in figure 6. Figure 6. Australian Technology Network Universities percentage changes in domestic and overseas commencing bachelor enrolments from 2009 to RMIT and Curtin have both made increases of near 50% in their domestic bachelor intakes when 2009 and 2013 are compared. Overall, the ATN domestic growth of 28.6% is above the national average of 26.6%. The overseas bachelor enrolment changes are very variable. UTS (286 students) and RMIT (199 students) have experienced increases, while UniSA (-1838 students) and Curtin (-1483 students) have experienced significant declines. The intake decrease of 15.8% between the two years is above the national average decrease of 13.3% Examination of the enrolment trends by different universities profiled in figures 4, 5 and 6 highlight the wide variations in the responses of Australian Universities to the government policy reforms of State-based commencement enrolment growth The enrolment trends by State region are shown in Appendix A, table A5. NSW had more new domestic bachelor students enrolled than any other state with 67,923 persons in 2013 for a 17% (9,894 student) increase over Victoria had 57,851 commencing students enrolled in 2013, having recorded an exceptional high growth of 43% (17,269 students) compared with 2009 enrolments. The states of Queensland, Western Australia and South Australia all had domestic growth of near 20%. By contrast, all the states experienced declines in overseas bachelor commencements. The proportion of domestic commencement bachelor students enrolled in each state and territory is shown in figure 7. Victoria and Tasmania increased their proportion of the national intake from 2009 to NSW LH Martin Institute for Tertiary Education Leadership and Management Page 11 of 21

12 retained the highest proportion of national domestic enrolments in 2013, at 28.8%, closely followed by Victoria at 24.5% Figure 7. Proportional Distribution of Domestic Bachelor Commencements in 2009 and 2013 by State and Territory, with ACU Multi-state. The corresponding distributions of overseas bachelor commencing students are given in figure 8. While the absolute numbers for all regions declined from 2009 to 2013, with the exception of Northern Territory (see table A5 column 8), Victoria increased its proportion of the national intake to 37.5%, well above New South Wales. Queensland and South Australia. The latter two states experienced the largest decline in absolute numbers (see table A5, column 8). Figure 8. Proportional Distribution of Overseas Bachelor Commencements in 2009 and 2013 by State and Territory, with ACU Multi-state. LH Martin Institute for Tertiary Education Leadership and Management Page 12 of 21

13 AGE PROFILE OF COMMENCING BACHELOR STUDENTS The age profile distributions of domestic and overseas commencing bachelor students are very different as shown by the table in figure 9. The majority of the domestic students are less than 20 years old, while for overseas students the majority are in the age range 20 to 24 years old. The significant difference is for students 30+ years old. Near 14% of domestic commencing students are in this group compared with only near 5 percent for overseas students. The average age for all these cohorts of students was near 22 years old. There have been only small changes in the age profiles from 2009 to 2013.The impact of the government reforms has been for universities to enrol a slightly higher proportion of older domestic students. This is most likely to be an outcome of increased enrolments of external students. Figure 9. Age Profiles of Commencing Domestic and Overseas Bachelor Students, 2009 compared to GRADUATE OUTCOMES IN AGE GROUP 25-TO-34 BY The government in 2009 set a target for 40% of 25-to-34 year olds to attain at least a bachelor level qualification by The ABS data (8) shows that by 2013 some 35.2% of the population in the age group had a bachelor degree or above. This is only a very slight increase on the 2009 figure of 34.0%, but well above the 2005 figure of 29.2%. Interestingly, the main change has been for the 35 to 44 year olds where the bachelor and above proportion has increased from 22.6% in 2005 to 31.2% in ABS reports that in 2013 Australia had 3,399,500 persons in the year age group. With 35.2% of persons having a bachelor or above qualification, there are 1,208,982 persons with such qualifications. Based on the 2013 figures, attaining a 40% level would require around 1,360,000 graduates. On average, 136,000 new graduates per year over a ten year period are required to join the required age group. In 2013 there were more than 930,000 domestic students enrolled for bachelor and higher degrees with domestic completions at bachelor level and above near 200,000 students. Based upon current age enrolment pattern around 70% of LH Martin Institute for Tertiary Education Leadership and Management Page 13 of 21

14 current graduates will be in the age group by 2025, so with the projected growth there is a reasonable prospect that the target can be reached if current completion rates are at least maintained and adequate infrastructure and staff resources are available. CONCLUDING REMARKS Most higher education institutions have responded aggressively to the 2009 government reform to fund all eligible domestic bachelor students. Some 34 of 40 universities increased annual domestic bachelor commencements by at least ten percent. The student-driven model has resulted in an increase in the commencing domestic student intake of more than 50,000 students in 2013 compared with the 2009 intake numbers. Considerable additional stresses have been imposed on existing infrastructure. Furthermore, the open-ended financial liability to the Commonwealth Treasury through implementation of the current policy makes the intake practice unsustainable without significant modification to the HE funding model. Achieving the goal of having 40% of Australian 25-to-34 year olds with at least a bachelor degree by 2025 will require the domestic intake to be at least sustained at the 2013 level. It is in the national interest that the graduate target be retained for Australia to remain as an internationally competitive trading nation. The reality is that in order to preserve the quality standards for bachelor degrees in Australia and to accommodate the increased student numbers a measure of fee deregulation will be essential if increased per capita student funding from government is not forthcoming. Frank Larkins is Professor Emeritus in the School of Chemistry at the University of Melbourne. He is also a former Deputy Vice Chancellor of the University. Enquiries regarding this paper can be directed to f.larkins@unimelb.edu.au. REFERENCES 1. Bradley, D., Noonan, P., Nugent, H., Scales, B., 2008, Review of Australian Higher Education, 2. Australian Government, 2009, Transforming Australia s Higher Education System, 3. Edwards, D. and Radloff, A., 2013 Higher Education enrolment growth, change and the role of Private HEPs, ACER, 4. Norton, A., 2014, Mapping Higher education , Grattan Institute, 5. Department of Education, 2015, LH Martin Institute for Tertiary Education Leadership and Management Page 14 of 21

15 6. Australian Historical Population Statistics, Released 18 September 2014, 7. Department of Education, Selected Higher Education Statistics 2014 Student Data, 8. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Education and Work, Released May 2014, LH Martin Institute for Tertiary Education Leadership and Management Page 15 of 21

16 APPENDIX A Table A1. Bachelor Student Enrolments in All Australian Higher Education Institutions to Commenci ng Bachelor Students Domestic 160, , , , , , , , , ,85 5 Overseas 50,856 49,689 51,521 54,972 61,408 70,240 70,800 70,988 65,826 63,414 Com. Total 211, , , , , , , , , ,26 9 All Bachelor Students Domestic 514, , , , , , , , , ,19 1 Overseas 130, , , , , , , , , ,38 8 All Total 644, , , , , , , , , ,57 9 Commenci ng as % All Students Source: Australian Department of Education (5) LH Martin Institute for Tertiary Education Leadership and Management Page 16 of 21

17 Table A2. Domestic and Overseas Commencing Bachelor Student Enrolment Numbers by University for 2009 and 2013 ranked by percentage change in domestic commencements. Australian Universities Dom 2009 Dom 2013 Change % Change O/S 2009 O/S 2013 Change % Change Swinburne Tasmania Deakin University ACU CQU RMIT Curtin Macquarie New England Sunshine Coast Ballarat/Federation Flinders TOTAL/AVERAGE UTS Griffith Charles Darwin Queensland Canberra New South Wales Adelaide La Trobe Newcastle Monash LH Martin Institute for Tertiary Education Leadership and Management Page 17 of 21

18 Western Sydney ANU QUT Melbourne Wollongong Victoria Charles Sturt Notre Dame Murdoch Edith Cowan James Cook UniSA Western Australia Sydney Southern Cross Southern Qld MCD Bond LH Martin Institute for Tertiary Education Leadership and Management Page 18 of 21

19 Table A3. Domestic and Overseas Commencing Bachelor Student Enrolment Numbers for Group of Eight Universities showing number changes and percentage changes. Go8 Universities Domestic 2009 Domestic 2013 NumberChange % Dom. Change O/S 2009 O/S 2013 NumberChange % O/S Change Queensland New South Wales Adelaide Monash ANU Melbourne Western Australia Sydney Go8 Total All Unis Total 186, ,695 49, ,129 58,211-8, % Go LH Martin Institute for Tertiary Education Leadership and Management Page 19 of 21

20 Table A4. Domestic and Overseas Commencing Bachelor Student Enrolment Numbers for Australian Technology Network Universities showing number changes and percentage changes. ATN Universities Domestic 2009 Domestic 2013 Number Change % Dom. Change O/S 2009 O/S 2013 Number Change % O/S Change RMIT Curtin UTS QUT UniSA ATN Total All Unis Total 186, ,695 49, ,129 58,211-8, % ATN LH Martin Institute for Tertiary Education Leadership and Management Page 20 of 21

21 Table A5. Domestic and Overseas Commencing Bachelor Student Enrolment Numbers by State for 2009 and 2013 showing number changes and percentage changes. Domestic 2009 Domestic 2013 Change Domestic %Change Domestic O/S 2009 O/S 2013 Change Overseas %Change Overseas NSW VIC QLD WA SA ,804 2, ,875 2,745-2, TAS NT ACT Multi (ACU) TOTAL 186, ,695 49, ,129 58,211-8, LH Martin Institute for Tertiary Education Leadership and Management Page 21 of 21