Foreword. Cluj-Napoca, October Editors: Prof. Ionel Chicinaş and Prof. Liviu Brânduşan Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania

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1 Foreword The 4 th International Conference on Powder Metallurgy, RoPM 2009, is held in Craiova, at Hotel Plaza Conference Center and University House, between 8 and 11 July Technical University of Cluj-Napoca and n Powder Metallurgy Society have organized the Conference in collaboration with University of Craiova and Vienna University of Technology. The Conference is organized under auspices of EPMA (European Powder Metallurgy Associations) and of Ministry of Education, Research and Innovation by means of The National University Research Council. The Conference attracted nearly 81 participants from 9 countries (Austria, Germany, Ireland, Italy,, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey and United Kingdom), from prestigious universities, research centres and from industry. The Conference Committee has decided to publish the proceeding as a special issue of the journal Materials Science Forum, edited by Trans. Tech. Publications Ltd, Switzerland-UK-USA and covered by ISI proceedings (ISI web of Science - Conference Proceedings Citation Index- Science) The present volume provides up-to-date, comprehensive and worldwide state-of the art knowledge in the Powder Metallurgy, including: New theoretical aspects in Powder Metallurgy, Modelling and Simulation, Sintered Steels, PM Nonferrous Materials, PM Tool Materials, PM Lightweight and Porous Materials, PM Functional Materials, Powder Manufacturing and Pressing, Sintering Process, Metal Injection Moulding, Full Density & Alternative Consolidation Processes, Secondary and Finishing Operations. The conference secretariat received a number of 148 abstracts from 15 countries. The organising committee carried out the selection of invited and contributed papers, and their arrangements into sessions. In conference have been presented a number of 103 papers (invited papers: 9, oral presentations: 22, poster presentation: 72). For publication in this volume were considered 68 papers (Invited papers: 7 New theoretical aspects and products in PM: 8, Advanced Materials with special properties: 25, Characterisation of powder and powder metallurgy products: 17, New developments in powder production and processing technologies: 11). All the papers were evaluated by two peer reviewers and 8 papers were accepted in the original form sent by the authors, 25 papers were accepted with minor modifications, 35 papers were accepted with major modifications and 14 papers were rejected. The editors were responsible for selection of reviewers for the papers, whom we thank for their promptitude and accurate work. The communication between authors and referees was managed by the editors. The organising committee expresses its entire gratitude to all the authors who presented their works at the Conference RoPM 2009 and contributed in this way to the success of this event. Special thanks are due to the authors from abroad for attending the conference and to the reviewers for their support in improving the quality of the papers and finally for the assurance the quality of this volume. The organising committee also addresses warmest thanks to all the members of the international committee for their support, to the generous sponsors for their financial assistance and too many others for their contribution in organising RoPM We hope that the contents of this volume will prove useful for researchers in powder metallurgy field and practitioners in developing and applying new materials and processes. Cluj-Napoca, October 2010 Editors: Prof. Ionel Chicinaş and Prof. Liviu Brânduşan Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications, (ID: /05/16,07:07:24)

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3 International Advisory Committee J.M. TORRALBA SPAIN Z. GACSI HUNGARY E. GORDO SPAIN M.TURKER TURKEY A. MOLINARI ITALY V. SEPELAK GERMANY M. ROSSO ITALY J. TER MAAT GERMANY R. MOON ENGLAND G. ARGHIR ROMANIA O. ISNARD FRANCE H. COLAN ROMANIA D. BOUVARD FRANCE W. KAPPEL ROMANIA S. STROBL AUSTRIA V. CONSTANTINESCU ROMANIA E. DUDROVA SLOVAKIA R. L. ORBAN ROMANIA M. SELECKA SLOVAKIA Organizing Committee IONEL CHICINAŞ Chairman HERBERT DANNINGER Vice-chairman MIHAIL MANGRA Vice-chairman IOAN VIDA-SIMITI Vice-chairman V. CÂNDEA D. SALOMIE I. L. GLIGOR C. POPA C. PAVEL T. BOLOG N. JUMATE ŞT. GHEORGHE A. COTEŢIU Z. SPÂRCHEZ C. TEISANU T.F. MARINCA I. CIUPITU D. G. BOTA B.V. NEAMŢU M. DIDU C. V. PRICĂ E. BRUJ R. MUREŞAN A. N. SECHEL D. NEMEŞ R. IVĂNUŞ GY. THALMAIER V. MOLDOVAN Conference secretariat: LIVIU BRÂNDUŞAN Secretary General O. Gângu G. Batin L. A. Sorcoi M. Bodea

4 The organisers of the 4 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POWDER METALLURGY RoPM 2009 thank to: Hotel BAVARIA, Craiova Domeniul Coroanei Segarcea SA Grupul Scolar de Marina Orsova Hotel PLAZA, Craiova SC SINTEROM SA, Cluj-Napoca NOVARTIS SA, Craiova NULKA SRL, Craiova Papetaria BADENIS TRADING SRL, Craiova Editura RISOPRINT, Cluj-Napoca Primaria Municipiului Craiova RAT SA, Craiova for their support which makes this event possible.

5 List of reviewers M. Actis Grande Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy G. Arghir Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, M. Bodea Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, L. Brânduşan Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, I. Chicinaş Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, M. Codescu R&D National Inst. Electrical Eng. ICPE-CA Bucharest, A. Couret Lab. CEMES, CNRS, Toulouse, France H. Danninger Technical University of Vienna, Austria T. Dobra Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, E. Dorolti Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, E. Dudrova Inst. Mater. Res., Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia E. Enescu R&D National Inst. Electrical Eng. ICPE-CA Bucharest, O. Gîngu University of Craiova, N. Jumate Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, M. Mangra University of Craiova, J.R. Moon University of Nottingham, United Kingdom G. Negrea Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, R.L. Orban Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, V. Pop Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, C. Popa Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, V. Popescu Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, E. Rabanal Carlos III University, Madrid, Spain M. Rosso Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy M. Selecká Inst. Mater. Res., Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia Z. Spârchez Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, V. Şimon Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, J.M. Torralba Carlos III University, Madrid, Spain M. Türker Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey M. Văleanu R&D National Inst. Materials Physics, Bucharest, I. Vida-Simiti Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Note: The authors are fully responsible for all the aspects related to intellectual property protection, contributions, citations, etc. contained in their papers. No responsibility is assumed by the editors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of product liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein.

6 CLUJ-NAPOCA RoPM th International Conference on Powder Metallurgy RoPM 2009 Technical University of Cluj-Napoca July 8-11, 2009 CRAIOVA, ROMANIA List of participants No. Surname First Name Affiliation Country 1. Batin G. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca 2. Bodea M. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca 3. Bolog T. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca 4. Boz M. Karabuk University Turkey 5. Brânduşan L. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca 6. Breen A. University College Dublin Ireland 7. Bruj E. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca 8. Bucşe I. University of Craiova 9. Buharu M. V. BBH Buzău 10. Cândea C. V. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca 11. Chicinaş I. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca 12. Chifor V. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca 13. Ciobanu M. University of Craiova 14. Ciupitu I. University of Craiova 15. Codescu M. M. R&D National Institute for Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA Bucharest 16. Colan H. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca 17. Conţ L. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca 18. Coteţiu A. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca 19. Criveanu M. C. University of Craiova 20. Danninger H. Vienna University of Technology Austria 21. Didu M. University of Craiova 22. Dudrová E. Institute of Materials Research, SAS Slovakia 23. Enescu E. R&D National Institute for Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA Bucharest 24. Gheorghe Şt. University of Craiova

7 No. Surname First Name Affiliation Country 25. Ghercioiu J. University of Craiova 26. Ghermec C. University of Craiova 27. Gîngu O. University of Craiova 28. Gligor I. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca 29. Grigoraş M. National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics Iasi 30. Gunay M. Gazi University Turkey 31. Iulian Şt. University of Craiova 32. Ivănuş R. C. University of Craiova 33. Jumate N. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca 34. Kappel W. R&D National Institute for Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA Bucharest 35. Karatas C. Gazi University Turkey 36. Kurt A. Gazi University Turkey 37. Kurt A. O. Sakarya University Turkey 38. Lostun M. National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics Iasi 39. Lucaci M. R&D National Institute for Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA Bucharest 40. Maat J. ter BASF SE Germany 41. Mangra G. I. University of Craiova 42. Mangra M. University of Craiova 43. Marinca T. F. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca 44. Miskova A. Institute of Materials Research, SAS Slovakia 45. Mîtcă L. N. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca 46. Moldovan V. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca 47. Moon R. University of Nottingham United Kingdom 48. Mureşan R. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca 49. Nădejde C. Alexandru Ioan Cuza University Iaşi 50. Neamţu B. V. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca 51. Nedelcu I. S.C. Prelucrari Metalurgice Prod Bucharest 52. Nemeş D. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca 53. Nicoară V. University of Craiova 54. Nicolicescu C. University of Craiova 55. Orban R.L. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca 56. Ozcatalbas Y. Gazi University Turkey 57. Pascu C. I. University of Craiova 58. Popa C. O. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca 59. Popa F. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca 60. Popescu G. University Politehnica Bucharest 61. Popescu G. L. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca 62. Popescu I. N. Valahia University of Targoviste 63. Popescu T. University of Craiova 64. Popescu V. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca

8 No. Surname First Name Affiliation Country 65. Prică C. V. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca 66. Radu Şt. University of Craiova 67. Rosso M. Politecnico Torino Italy 68. Saltykova A. Ruhr-University Bochum Germany 69. Selecká M. Institute of Materials Research, SAS Slovakia 70. Sima G. University of Craiova 71. Sinka Cs. University of Leicester United Kingdom 72. Şontea S. University of Craiova 73. Sorcoi L. A. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca 74. Spârchez Z. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca 75. Strobl S. Vienna University of Technology Austria 76. Teişanu C. University of Craiova 77. Tekeli S. Gazi University Turkey 78. Thalmaier Gy. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca 79. Torralba J. M. Universidad Carlos III Madrid Spain 80. Trotea M. University of Craiova 81. Turker M. Gazi University Turkey Conference Secretariat