TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS PROMOTING THE EXPANSION OF INTERNET OF THINGS

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1 International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET) Volume 7, Issue 2, March-April 2016, pp , Article ID: IJARET_07_02_003 Available online at Journal Impact Factor (2016): (Calculated by GISI) ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS PROMOTING THE EXPANSION OF INTERNET OF THINGS Settapong Malisuwan and Wassana Kaewphanuekrungsi National Broadcasting and Telecommunications commission (NBTC), Thailand ABSTRACT The deployment of mobile broadband infrastructure is expected to handle more data more efficiently, transforming every country into an innovative economy. The big trends in mobile broadband applications will be video streaming, social commerce, mobile games, mobile advertising, big data, cloud services and machine-to-machine communication or the Internet of Things (IoT). High-speed wireless broadband technology will also greatly enhance customers' digital lifestyle as technological innovations constantly change the way people live, work and play. This paper aims to analyze technological factors promoting the expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT). Qualitative research method is adopted where a variety of credible secondary sources are applied in this research focusing on evidence-based approach. Inputs of secondary data are analyzed from academic papers, business and best-practices reports made by respectable reference sources. Key word: Technological, Factor, Promoting, Internet of Thing Cite this Article: Settapong Malisuwan and Wassana Kaewphanuekrungsi, Technological Factors Promoting The Expansion of Internet of Things. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology, 7(2), 2016, pp INTRODUCTION Nowadays, the Internet of things (IoT), which has been widely talked about worldwide, is continuously growing every minute. Therefore, it is not uncommon for the number of various inventions to increase, for example, various signal detectors, medical devices, driving aids fitted in modern vehicles. This includes several gadgets in our everyday life which are capable of communicating with other related devices and connecting to private accounts of general consumers such as the ones on social network applications like Facebook, Twitter, etc. for business benefits. This is 21 editor@iaeme.com

2 Settapong Malisuwan and Wassana Kaewphanuekrungsi considered the leapfrog growth in number of the population with Internet penetration: originally through computers and eventually through mobile communication devices such as smartphones and tablet PCs. High-speed wireless broadband technology will greatly enhance customers' digital lifestyle as technological innovations constantly change the way people live, work and play. Advancement of mobile will massively speed up the Internet and unlock the Internet of Things - making driverless cars and talking fridges a reality. In the future, mobile technology could have a whole range of applications underpinning the Internet of Things - the increasing inter-connection of everyday appliances - with uses as varied as transport, health or industrial machinery. The growing intersection between consumer technology and cars has lead vehicles to become smarter, connected, more efficient and more tech-friendly. Smart homes is one of the primary growing sectors for IoT and the smart home not only connects objects to the internet but also interacts with us, helps keep our homes safe and save money. Connected security systems monitor homes by using video and other information-sharing capabilities. Security systems can also better recognise us by integrating with smartphones. Mobile internet service with IoT could also generate new revenue streams for other ICT-related businesses. As the IoT has emerged as the next big thing, with 25 billion devices worldwide estimated to have connected to the internet last year and 50 billion by 2020, the IoT needs a strong backbone for the many billions of connected devices and applications around the world that will be on it [1]. In the next section, the paper provides the relsults of analysis to describe the technological factors that drive the expansion of the IoT. The analysis is based on the qualitative research by focusing on respectable reference sources and evidence-based approach. 2. INTERNET OF THINGS: ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS This paper focuses on innovation in the form of products and IoT related services which are continuously growing and have continuously higher rates of expansion and application in several industries due to the development in various related technologies. The technological factors promoting IOT expansion are as follows: 2.1. Smaller Sensors and Chipsets IoT is related to the concept where data (things) are connected to the Internet network which requires detection sensors and processing units for operation. The small size and low cost of such electronic devices are, therefore, necessary for research and development and the production of various gadgets supporting IoT. Fortunately, the semiconductor industry has become continually advanced in improving the capability for producing electronic data processing devices to have internal processing structure density according to Moore s Law which predicts that manufacturing technology will double the number of transistors on a chip (processor) every two years editor@iaeme.com

3 Technological Factors Promoting The Expansion of Internet of Things Figure 2 Advancement in manufacturing technology which is able to double the density of transistors, basic components of a chip, every two years according to Moore s Law [2] Figure 2 illustrates the number of transistors or the most basic components which have been combined together, under a complex structure, as a central processor unit (CPU) or chipset since the electronic industry first began learning how to invent a processor in It can be seen that manufacturing technology can double the density of transistors inside an integrated circuit of processing devices every 2 years. During , the semiconductor manufacturing industry was able to develop the system-on-chip technology (SoC) which has a very small transistor size of between nanometers. Such transistor size is so small that lead to success in creating the chipset that can store very small radio transmitter circuits, digital signal processing devices (DSP), base-band microprocessors, and graphic accelerators together. This affects the manufacturing industry to be able to invent several products that are capable of detecting, processing, and communicating data through different channels such as mobile networks, Bluetooth communication by using the small devices that consume a very little power. Besides, such technology is also applied to inventing various apparatuses involving sports, medication, health, etc [2]. Nowadays, the manufacturing technology that invents the central processing unit is based on the technology called Planar Metal Oxide Semi-conductor Field-effect Transistor (MOSFET). This helps reduce the size and cost of semiconductors but increase the density of data processing circuit due to the ability in increasing the transistors inside such processors. What has been remarkable seen includes the success in reducing the size of transistors to 22 nanometers at the end of 2011 and 16 nanometers at the end of It is estimated that the size of transistors will be able to reduce to 11 nanometers by the end of 2015 according to the graph showing improvement drawn in Figure 3 [2]. In 2012, the Intel Corporation launched a processor called Ivy Bridge which has 3D tri-gate transistors, each measuring 22 nm. Therefore, the processor is able to load 2,900 million transistors inside for increasing the efficiency in processing data by 37 percent. Moreover, it can also save up to 50 percent of power consumption compared with the previous versions of data processing circuit technology editor@iaeme.com

4 Settapong Malisuwan and Wassana Kaewphanuekrungsi Figure 3 Development in size of transistor circuit technology used in designing data processing circuits [3] Table 1 Falling cost of electronic devices [4] Technology Component 2010 Cost* 2015 Cost** Radio, Wi-Fi Radio, Bluetooth Processor (Basic 8-bit microcontroller chip with embedded flash memory) Sensor (temperature) Sensor (vibration/accelerometer) Camera (1.8 megapixel CMOS image sensor) Microphone GPS Energy Source (inductive loop wireless power, incremental cost per unit) *Lower costs for simplest implementation; **2015 cost assumes the same functionality as the corresponding 2010 figure CMOS = Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Such technological advancement influences the electronic components to be more efficient while having lower cost, enabling the market to continue reducing the price of various devices ranged from sensors to processors. This affects Hi-Tech device producers to be capable of producing and selling their products at the price level affordable to people from all walks of life as well as increasing the capability of products to be launched in the next generation, whereas the prices are still frozen at the same level. Table 1 shows the information gained from [4] predicting that the price of several semiconductors used in producing Hi-Tech products will become lower and lower, comparing between 2010 and Such devices include radio transmitters, Wi-Fi transmitters, sensors, and global positioning devices (GPS) of which the prices will be reduced by percent during This is considered beneficial to both consumers and the growth in IoT editor@iaeme.com

5 Technological Factors Promoting The Expansion of Internet of Things 2.2. Advancement in radio frequency identification technology (RFID) The RFID technology is considered very vital for IOT because it is the first data reading technology to be used in manufacturing product identification readers for transportation businesses and in adaptively connecting to the Internet network to report the data according to the IOT s method. The RFID technology works on several bands of radio frequency ranged from 125 KHz (LF: Low Frequency) up to 5.8 GHz (SHF: Super High Frequency) [5]. Here, the RFID reader, in which the antenna has already been installed, will read the data value of products through radio frequency. The function of the reader is to send radio frequency to induce electricity around the tag, a small board containing data of objects such as clothes and other products. Then, such data will be delivered from the tag to the reader. The advantage of RFID communication is that we can give an order to the RFID reader to send signals for updating or making changes to any data inside the tag. On the contrary, the old bar code technology which has been used for a long time, either one-dimensional barcodes or two-dimensional barcodes, will not allow any changes of data to be made to the tag. Instead, some changes can be made only through completely retyping and changing the tag of the products. In the near future, the RFID technology will be improved to enable the tag to store a larger amount of data and fasten the communication between the reader and the tag. Moreover, the manufacturing technology will be able to develop different forms of tag flexible for being installed in several industries apart from those extensively used in vehicle manufacturing and transporting industries, retail businesses, medication, etc Advancement in Internet Technology Formerly, the assigning of an Internet address or Internet Protocol (IP) to computers and other smart devices using the IPv4 standard could support only a limited number of devices compared to the expansion of IoT which requires an address to be allocated to all devices that are capable of connecting to the Internet network. There are several temporary techniques that have been dilatory in enabling us to continue making use of the IPv4 standard, whereas the Internet industry hastily begins promoting the use of IPv6 standard which can support the devices that require connection to Internet networks up to a large number of 3.4 x addresses worldwide [6]. This number is considered such a great capacity enough for supporting the expansion of IoT, at least larger than the estimated number of 50,000 million devices to be connected to the Internet by the end of 2020 [1] Communication development in terms of higher speeds and lower latency The transmission of data via such a fast communication network that enables real time communication among devices, known as having low latency in engineering, is considered important for the expansion and development of the IoT industry. The readiness of communication networks which cover extensive areas and support data communication without any troubles affects the expansion of IoT. Nowadays, mobile phone networking technology is considered the most major communication channel for IoT devices, both directly such as communication through 3G/4G mobile networks among credit card readers and GPSs or indirectly such as data transmission from sensors or various gadgets to smartphones via Bluetooth where the smartphones have to further require mobile networks in forwarding data to the receiver editor@iaeme.com

6 Settapong Malisuwan and Wassana Kaewphanuekrungsi Downlink Speeds 100 Mbps MIMO/64QAM 42M MIMO 2x2 28M HSDPA 14.4M 10 Mbps HSUPA/16QAM 11M HSDPA 7.2M HSDPA 3.6M HSUPA 5.6M DL LTE (20MHz) 300M MIMO 4x4 DL LTE (20MHz) 140M MIMO 2x2, 4x2 UL LTE (10MHz) 50M 64 QAM UL LTE (10MHz) 25M 16 QAM 20 Mbps 10 Mbps Uplink Speeds 1 Mbps HSDPA 1.8M DL R k UL R k HSUPA 1.5M - HSPA DL and UL peak throughputs expected to double every year on average -Limitations not induced by the technology itself but time frames Required to upgrade infrastructure and transport networks, obtain devices with corresponding capabilities and interoperability tests 100 Kbps Year Figure 5 Development in terms of speeds for supporting data communication of mobile networks [7] The 3G mobile networking technology, which is now based on High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and HSPA+ communication standards, has continuously developed in terms of the capacity in providing services. Nowadays, the HSPA+ network has commercially used worldwide. The speed of data communication in the output direction (from mobile phone clients to base stations) can be provided at the maximum speed of 42 Mbps, and the competency development plan for providing support for greater amounts of communication in the future has been drawn under the regulations of the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) which controls and sets up the development framework for 3G and 4G at the global level [7]. Furthermore, a large number of mobile phone network providers worldwide have begun to improve and provide 4G mobile phone networks by using the Long Term Evolution Technology (LTE). Other than that the competency in supporting highspeed data communication has been determined, it also has outstanding network architectures in terms of reducing communication latency. This enables various communication devices to communicate with end devices within a very short period of time. Figure 6 shows the comparison of latency occurred from communication through different mobile network standards: 2G (GSM/GPRS), 3G (WCDMA/HSPA), and 4G (LTE), left to right, respectively. The 4G LTE mobile network guarantees that the latency occurring from sending data through networks will be extremely low at between microseconds. This is beneficial to the support of applications requiring fast communication between sending devices and end devices and enabling real time communication. Actually, the overall latency counted from first bit sent to last bit received also depends on other networks which are connected to the mobile network along the way, before the data has been sent to the end device. However, the massive reduction of latency within mobile networks is the advantage that has significant influence on communication service quality certification and promotion toward the widespread of applying IOT related applications. Besides, the 4G LTE mobile network has been improved to become the LTE-A (LTE-Advanced), which utilizes new engineering technology in raising the quality of services (QoS), so as to promote better data communication editor@iaeme.com

7 Technological Factors Promoting The Expansion of Internet of Things Figure 6 Comparing latency of data sending through different mobile networks, ranged from 2G to 4G [7] 2.5. Real-time data analysis In the absence of data processing and data retransferring for utilization, only detecting or sending and receiving data through the Internet network will not benefit humans. These involve the mechanism of importing the detected data for analyzing, processing, and demonstrating results on the basis of execution rapidity. Some examples of IoT products related to real-time data analysis which can be seen in daily life are such as the digital bracelet which can detect movements or sleeping behaviors of wearers. If the wearers need to know about their own data, they can only make connection to a smartphone where the application will send data from the memory of the bracelet via the mobile network to be processed by a computer server. This process must be completed shortly before the result is sent back from the server to the smartphone application that shows extensive analytical results. Such example may not necessarily needs real-time communication, but higher latency will affect consumers interest in such products. Nowadays, producers of computer equipment, computer network equipment, and data processing solutions worldwide, e.g. Microsoft, SAP, IBM, and Teledata have created new data processing technologies to support the increasing needs for analyzing a large amount of data in real time. Such needs are getting increased every day according to the growth in utilization of IoT in daily life Cloud computing data analysis technology As the sending and receiving of data through Internet networks is continuously growing, especially the data concerning IoT requiring to be processed and managed, a large number of applications on sensors and gadgets are designed to function resemble those on social networks. That is, the users can create groups of friends or people they may know who use the same products so as to exchange data. The result obtained shows that other than the emergence of data in Internet networks, there are some data required to be stored for a long time for reference use. The emergence and stable growth of cloud computing technology, therefore, correspond with such expansion. However, there is not any technical aspect of cloud computing technology 27 editor@iaeme.com

8 Settapong Malisuwan and Wassana Kaewphanuekrungsi to be interested in because it has been developed in the directions which can be obviously seen in general. However, the commercial aspect is what we should focus on because the competition among cloud computing service providers has currently affected the cost of cloud service lease to be extremely low, enabling a lot of IOT related service providers to expand their services and continuously create new incremental innovations [8]. 3. CONCLUSION The arrival of the Internet of things era will increase several ten times the current number of a few billion subscriber lines of interconnection via mobile networks and create dimensions of diversity in service provision through mobile networks which are beyond current expectations. Moreover, not only does IoT bring about higherspeed mobile communication networks, but also several issues which require improvement. This is due to the fact that cloud computing, Big Data, analysis, and utilization of technology along with other technologies have experienced a leapfrog growth and given rise to the suitable environment of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Such growth results in the widespread utilization of IoT and is considered one of the major factors propelling the economy and affecting various countries to stand a higher chance of achieving economic growth by selectively adopting and improving such new innovations. The application of sensors to several products, known as smart connected devices, is considered a good entry-point into industrial evolution. Therefore, IoT will affect the manufacturing process to be more effective, practical, and capable of bringing about the investment and assent management that yield the utmost benefits. In addition, the way that market strategies focusing on approaches to getting clients and after-sales services will be apparently changed through cost reduction and productivity increment is considered the practical method of evaluating the economic value of the firms that adopt IoT. Regarding the government, it also promotes the utilization of IoT through activating the construction of high-speed Internet, the use of high-bandwidth network in propelling the economy, and the connection in the digital world which has been improved rapidly. Here, connection is not only considered very necessary, but also very vital for changes in the digital economy of several countries worldwide and information transference between businesses, agencies, services, and the overall economic growth. Therefore, connection in the digital world is considered an effective economic determinant of each country accordingly. REFERENCES [1] Dave Evans, Cisco Internet Business Solutions Group (IBSG), The Internet of Things: How the Next Evolution of the Internet Is Changing Everything, April [2] Wikipedia, Moore s Law : [3] Wikipedia, Semiconductor device fabrication : [4] Gartner, Jim Tully and Hung LeHong, Falling Cost of Components Will Help Drive the Pervasiveness of the Internet of Things, November [5] Smail Tedjini, Tan-Phu Vuong, Radio Frequency IDentification, A Technology For The Future? : editor@iaeme.com

9 Technological Factors Promoting The Expansion of Internet of Things [6] Caroline Hayes, How IPv6 will widen the scope of the Internet of Things, [7] Settapong Malisuwan, Wassana Kaewphanuekrungsi, Noppadol Tiamnara and Pollawich Apintanapong, A Study of Electromagnetic Radiation Effects From Mobile Phone Base Stations on Human Health. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology, 6(12), 2016, pp [8] Settapong Malisuwan, Wassana Kaewphanuekrungsi and Dithdanai Milindavanij, Digital Divide in Thailand: Analysis and Recommendations. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology, 7(1), 2016, pp [9] Rysavy Research, Mobile Broadband Explosion, August [10] Huawei, global connectivity index 2015: Benchmarking Digital Economy Transformation., The Future and Impact of Iot on Digital Economies., editor@iaeme.com