Kyiv Initiative Regional Programme Pilot Project on the Rehabilitation of Cultural Heritage in Historic Towns. Preliminary Technical File

Transcription

1 Avec le soutien du Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication With the support of the Ministry of Culture and Communication Kyiv Initiative Regional Programme Pilot Project on the Rehabilitation of Cultural Heritage in Historic Towns Preliminary Technical File Telavi, GEORGIA

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3 Kyiv Initiative Regional Programme - Rehabilitation of Cultural Heritage in Historic Towns 2 TABLE OF CONTENT FOREWORD... 4 INTRODUCTION... 5 I. REFERENCE FILE General information about the town Brief summary Main stakeholders/potential partners Geographic, climatic and/or other physical factors that have influenced the morphology and structure of the town Historical events that have shaped the town and its identity Socio-economic situation Capacity of action of the municipality Supply and demand for space State of public services Legal and institutional situation Cultural heritage Contribution that heritage can make to the quality of life and to the social and economic prosperity of the town Challenges and opportunities Participation in international co-operation (including technical support to projects) II. THEMATIC MAPS t.m. 2.1.a Location of the town in the context of the Country 13 t.m. 2.1.b Location of the town in the context of the Region t.m. 2.2.a Traffic circulation, transport and access to the town t.m. 2.2.b Historical center t.m. 2.2.c Historical center t.m. 2.3.a Main activities/functions in buildings t.m. 2.3.b Main activities/functions in buildings t.m. 2.4.a New buildings/interventions in the Historic Centre t.m. 2.4.b New buildings/interventions in the Historic Centre t.m. 2.5.a Time periods/epochs of buildings t.m. 2.6.a Protection status of buildings t.m. 2.6.b Architectural/artistic value of buildings t.m. 2.7.a Type of occupation of buildings t.m. 2.7.b Ownership of buildings t.m. 2.8 Physical state of condition of buildings t.m. 2.9 Physical state of condition of roads t.m a Additional plans t.m b Additional plans III. HISTORICAL MAPS IV. BASE MAPS... 43

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5 Kyiv Initiative Regional Programme - Rehabilitation of Cultural Heritage in Historic Towns 4 FOREWORD The Telavi Preliminary Technical File was prepared by the technical team composed by: Mr. Vakhtang Gagnidze, Art Historian Specialist of the Culture and Monuments Protection Unit; Ms. Rusudan Dzamukashvili, Chief Specialist of the Culture and Monuments Protection Unit; Mr. Nigzar Bachiashvili, Architect and Mr. Revaz Lekishvili, Urban Planner. Consultations on specific matters were provided by: Mr. Teimuraz Gogiashvili, Head of the Architecture and Infrastructure Development Unit; Ms. Natia Vakelishvili, Head of the Financing-Budget Planning Unit; Ms. Nino Chokhauri, Head of the Local Financial Management and Treasury Unit and the Kakheti regional office of the State Statistics Department. Specialised assistance was provided by the following experts: Fieldwork: Mr. Guram Esitashvili; Mr. Vakhtang Papashvili; Mr. Tornike Gagnidze and Mr. Zviad Gagnidze; Digitalisation of the field ID cards: Ms. Marina Javakhishvili and Ms. Lia Tskhvariashvili; Thematic maps: Mr. Levan Javakhishvili and Ms. Lia Tskhvariashvili. Due to the lack of specific technical and professional capacity at the municipality, the preparation of cartographic documentation was outsourced to the real estate company Geomatrix-Javakhishvili Ltd. The global process was co-ordinated by the National working team: Ms. Leila Tumanishvili, National Project Coordinator; Ms. Rusudan Mirzikashvili, Project Manager; Mr. Levan Asabashvili, Expert and Mr. Kote Natsvlishvili, Expert and overseen by the International Experts: Mr. Bernard Bouzou (France); Mr. David Johnson (United Kingdom) and Mr. Robert Pickard (United Kingdom).

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7 Kyiv Initiative Regional Programme - Rehabilitation of Cultural Heritage in Historic Towns 6 INTRODUCTION The Pilot Project for the Rehabilitation of Cultural Heritage in Historic Towns is taking place within the Council of Europe s Kyiv Initiative Regional Programme. The Preliminary Phase, launched jointly with the European Commission (Directorate General for Education and Culture) in September 2009, was completed in December The pilot project has been proposed in small and medium-sized historic towns maintaining a close connection with their surrounding environment to define geographically coherent territories where local stakeholders face difficulties in improving living conditions, creating social cohesion or engaging in economic activities. So far, forty five pilot towns are mobilised in the five participating countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine) to implement the common working methodology. Each pilot town is being guided in the identification of the main challenges involved in initiating a project for future development. The process is based on the underlining of heritage resources, including their importance in creating a sense of place and in safeguarding local identity for the local community, whilst also considering their present connections with the specific urban problems to be solved in each town. The pilot project reponds to various shared objectives: to develop and strengthen architectural and urban awareness in order to organise its careful adaptation to modern lifestyles; to decide on the priority interventions to be carried out in order to launch a sustainable process for urban development; to facilitate transversal reflections involving all public and private stakeholders towards a town project; to create local dynamics inspired by the best European practices; to set up a new urban governance through the direct participation of the inhabitants in the debate about the future of the town. Urban rehabilitation as another way of organising and managing towns As part of the pilot project, the basis for the elaboration of the urban project is the enhancement of the main heritage assets in order to consolidate the attractiveness of each town. By offering each citizen the possibility to highlight its link to the town or a specific area of the town, the process gives citizens responsibilities in the complex processes acting on the transformation of the built environment. An intense local life, animated by an active civil society and supported by the different levels of authorities is a clear alternative to the urban development logic that has severely marked previous generations by focusing on demolition rather than rehabilitation, and on the extension of space instead of the reuse of existing urban areas. The model of the town envisaged is a compact urban space, with a high quality of life and social cohesion. Such a town offers direct access to a social and cultural infrastructure with a sense of social justice. It does not exclude the adaptation of the historic parts to modern necessities, but targets sustainable development requirements giving priority to the economy of the ground by regenerating existing buildings and giving priority to housing in order to preserve the populations in all their diversity. The Preliminary Technical File (PTF): the first crucial step in the process The PTF was set up during the Preliminary Phase by twenty-three Pilot Towns. It is set up through a common methodology and is organised on the basis of identical sections and maps for all the pilot towns. The number of issues considered in this document is voluntarily limited, and therefore necessitates a selection of information available or collected by the local technical teams set up in each pilot town.

8 Kyiv Initiative Regional Programme - Rehabilitation of Cultural Heritage in Historic Towns 7 Presentation of the information, focusing on a limited number of maps, proposes a snapshot of the situation, which offers a simple and clear understanding of the main assets of the towns, organised around four main themes: - urban history: a description of the urban structure on the basis of its historical development underlines the permanencies of the past in today s town, which are important for inhabitants perceptions of their own towns, as well as the emotions the visitors may experience. These permanencies represent the material resources of that urban heritage, which is the potential which can support the future development of the town. - the functionalities of the town: the level of services offered in the historic centre and the quality of its accessibility allow an assessment of the users daily situation, as well as the resilience or the fragility of the central functions, on a town-wide scale. - the economic position and role of the town in the surrounding territory: the economic attractiveness of the town can be appreciated by considering its geographical location, the features of its associated territory, the quality of the accessibility to major infrastructures, the dynamism of its industrial and services network and the capacity of the municipality, especially in terms of investment. - heritage resources: resources can be assessed by identifying the buildings according to their time period, their situation as far as ownership and occupation are concerned and their state of conservation, including the level of protection and the effectiveness of the protection regulations as well as any architectural interventions and urban intrusions perturbing the image of the town. A step-by-step process based on project building The publication of the PTFs targets the local stakeholders awareness of the richness and diversity of the urban heritage defining the identity of their town and the level of resources at their disposal. This document also allows the local and national technicians and urban specialists of all sectors to engage in the next phase. The aims will be to define a strategic and pragmatic approach connecting heritage and urban projects in local synergies, and to set up good governance principles and mechanisms, ensuring the involvement of all stakeholders in the community in decisions about proposed rehabilitation actions. The Operational Phase will involve the pilot towns in a practical way, through: - the elaboration of an integrated local development strategy: the Diagnostic will identify the strengths and weaknesses specific to each town, indicating what could be a realistic ambition for a urban development project. - the adoption of operational guidelines: the Strategy will identify a series of key and priority rehabilitation actions implementable in the short-term and capable, if correctly connected, of generating a global revitalisation process. - the design, promotion and funding of the priority interventions on buildings: technical assessment, feasibility study and business plan (budget estimates, funding, investment partnerships), project management, conditions of implementation, site management.

9 Kyiv Initiative Regional Programme - Rehabilitation of Cultural Heritage in Historic Towns 8 Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia Moldova Ukraine AR_01 Alaverdi AZ_01 Barda GE_02 Akhaltsikhe MO_01 Balti UK_01 Bilovodsk AR_02 Ashtarak AZ_02 Gazakh GE_04 Chiatura MO_02 Cahul UK_02 Ivano-Frankivsk AR_03 Dilijan AZ_03 Göygöl GE_05 Dusheti MO_03 Leova UK_03 Khmilnyk AR_05 Goris AZ_05 Gakh GE_06 Gori MO_04 Orheiul Vechi UK_04 Lutsk AR_06 Gyumri AZ_07 Ordubad GE_07 Mestia MO_05 Soroca UK_05 Medzhybizh AR_07 Meghri AZ_08 Sheki GE_08 Poti UK_06 Melitopol AR_09 Oshakan AZ_09 Shemkir GE_09 Telavi UK_07 Pryluky AR_10 Vagharshapat AZ_10 Zagatala GE_10 Tskaltubo UK_08 Starokostiantyniv UK_09 Vinnitsa UK_10 Zhovkva

10 Kyiv Initiative Regional Programme - Rehabilitation of Cultural Heritage in Historic Towns 9 I. REFERENCE FILE 1.1 General information about the town Name Telavi Status Town Contact person Position Name Telephone address Governor Petre Kiknadze Head of the Culture Department Mikho Daghundaridze (350) Monument Protection Specialist Telavikulturissamsaxuri@posta.ge Vakhtang Gagnidze vakhtangigagnidze@yahoo.com 1.2 Brief summary Telavi is located in the eastern part of Georgia in the Khaketi Region. It is a medium-sized town. Telavi has a long and complex history. Here, the first settlements existed in the late Bronze age and Hellenistic period. According to historical sources, in the first century AD there were caravan shelters in Telavi that included hotels and bath houses. The major developments took place throughout the medieval period, and later in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Major changes and expansion took place in the twentieth century during the Soviet period. In 1947, a master plan for the reconstruction of the town was adopted, which largely determined its present-day appearance. There are many secular or religious buildings of historical importance preserved on the territory of Telavi. The history of the construction of these buildings gives a clear picture of the history of the development of Georgian architecture. The historical street network, formed on the sloping terrain, is also important from a heritage point of view. Today, Telavi is the busy administrative centre of the Kakheti region, its economy based on its inter-relationship with the surrounding agricultural area, wine production, and also with its university and small-scale industries. The town also has a well-developed cultural infrastructure: a drama theatre, historical and ethnographic museums, art and music colleges, libraries and sports facilities. 1.3 Main stakeholders/potential partners Local Municipality of the town Telavi, Erekle I avenue #16 Tel: 8(350) Regional Kakheti regional administration Telavi, Erekle I avenue #16 National Ministry of Culture and Monument Protection, Ministry of Regional Development, Municipal Development Fund Tbilisi, 0105, Sanapiro str. #4 Fax: , info@mcs.gov.ge Address: Al.Kazbegi str. #12 Tel: , press@mrdi.gov.ge Tbilisi 0112, D. Aghmashenebeli #150. Tel: (99532) ; ; ; Fax: (99532) mdf@mdf.org.ge 1.4 Geographic, climatic and/or other physical factors that have influenced the morphology and structure of the town Telavi is located in the basin of the river Alazani, on the north-eastern slopes and hills of the Tsiv-Gombori ridge. The distance from Telavi to Tbilisi is 158km (of which 80km is via the Telavi-Gombori road). The altitude of its different districts ranges from 500m to 800m above sea level. On the hills along the east-west axis there are fortresses and defensive walls from different periods. Two of these the Old wall and the Fortress of the Prince (Batonis Tsikhe) are fortified royal residences. The other two are the residences of local feudals (Vakhvakhishvili and Korchibashvili). From these high points of the town and from the mainly nineteenth-century residential quarters built around them, a magnificent view opens onto the Alazani plain, with the glaciers of the Caucasus in the background. The historic quarters of Telavi: Zuzumbo, the Old Wall, Gvtaeba hill, Batonis tkhike and Nadikvari are located on the hills and separated from each other by ravines.

11 Kyiv Initiative Regional Programme - Rehabilitation of Cultural Heritage in Historic Towns Historical events that have shaped the town and its identity The first settlement appeared on the territory of the town in the late Bronze Age. It expanded during the Hellenistic period and was shaped as a town in Late Antiquity. So-called Teleda is first mentioned in the works of ancient Greek geographer Clavdius Ptolomeus (second century AD). Georgian history dates it from the eleventh century when it became the centre of the principality of Kakheti and Hereti. In the twelfth century, Telavi was one of the largest and most important towns in the Georgian kingdom, located on the main trade routes with developed intensive trade and craftsmanship. The invasion of the Mongols in the thirteenths century led to a decline of the town, but it flourished again in the fifteenth to sixteenth centuries. In the seventeenth century, the development of the town was halted by the invasion of Persians. During this period, the Kakheti king Archil II moved the royal residence to Gremi. From this period onwards, Telavi became an educational centre. In 1758, a philosophicaltheological school was established in Telavi. Telavi is distinguished by the presence of several spatially-independent fortresses of local feudals, thus being specifically a feudal settlement. The urban landscape has been dominated by the royal and feudal fortified castles, their towers and churches. Following the occupation of the Kakheti and Kartli kingdom by the Russian empire (1801) Telavi became the centre of a new administrative unit Telavi Mazra and received official town status. From the nineteenth century onwards, especially during the Soviet period, the town expanded and underwent major changes. New residential quarters, public and administrative buildings were built during this period. In 1947, the master plan for the reconstruction of the town was elaborated, which retained Batonis Tsikhe (Royal Residence) as an architectural and urban centre of the town. Today, Telavi is the administrative centre of the Kakheti region. 1.6 Socio-economic situation Population 21,800 (2002) Migration Economic structure Level of education List of educational institutions Local and regional development policy Employment Amongst them are: 0-15 years of age 4,300 people years of age 7,867 people years of age 5,711 people over 60 years of age 3,927 people There is no exact statistical data. As the regional administrative and cultural centre and a university town, Telavi attracts population from the villages of the region. This is likely to balance the migration trends. Telavi and its municipal area is renowned for wine production. There are four wine factories, three large bakeries and a small-scale building materials enterprise. There are also small plants for timber fabrication as well as flooring and furniture production. There are clay workshops where domestic items and souvenirs are produced. A mini-factory for processing dairy products has now started functioning on the territory of the city, which is an important factor from the standpoint of tourism development. There are also various small-scale private businesses and services. Agriculture occupies the greatest share of the town s economy. There is a university in the town as well as a professional college Telavi branch of Tbilisi Secular University. Higher education - 17,1% Non-graduate higher education - 2,5% Secondary professional - 52,6% Secondary complete general - 28,5% Elementary general - 10,8% Primary general - 16,0% Telavi has a developed cultural infrastructure. There is a drama theatre, centre for culture, a historical and ethnographic museum, art and music colleges, a state university and several private higher education organisations, libraries and sport facilities, including a tennis court of an international standard. At present, there are nine public, three private and one religious schools in the town, as well as one art school, state university and a professional college. The town has no official policy with regard to regional development. The strategy of the Georgian government is to create additional incentives for attracting foreign investment, to increase profit from the direct foreign investments based on the encouragement of added value, so-called extra-financial revenue (advanced technologies and knowledge transfer, investment in research development and human resources development) and a liberal but practical government policy, the development of which defines the social-economic situation of the population well. The local population is principally employed in agriculture and food production. Educational centres such as the university are also an important source of employment for local professionals. As a regional centre of Kakheti, Telavi also hosts many regional public services.

12 Kyiv Initiative Regional Programme - Rehabilitation of Cultural Heritage in Historic Towns Capacity of action of the municipality Financial Financial resources total: 8429,1 resources Grants: 5179,6-61% Taxes: 1603,40-20% Other incomes: 1175,3-15% Structures of expenses Decrease in non-fixed assets: % Expenditure structure total: 8887,1 Salaries: 1205,8-14% Roads: 1657,1-20% Gas: 130,9-1% Electricity and water supply: 1027,6-14% Other expenditures: 4578,3-51% 1.8 Supply and demand for space Offices The supply of the offices meets the current needs of the town. Shops The supply of shops generally meets the current needs and budgetary limits of customers. Hospitality The supply of existing hotels does not meet the increasing tourist flow therefore it is desirable to services explore the perspectives for the growth of international and domestic tourism, and based on these estimations, to supply the town with more hotels and guest houses. Housing Telavi is spread over 1,200 hectares. Housing stock is 271,000m 2 without co-operative housing constructions. The housing supply meets the existing demand for accommodation. 1.9 State of public services The infrastructure of the city is in the process of rehabilitation. The Telavi-Gombori-Tbilisi regional road has been repaired, which has greatly reduced the travel time to the capital. The 24-hour water supply is still a problem that needs to be solved. The buildings of Telavi museum, which are listed monuments, also need rehabilitation. Tourist infrastructure is underdeveloped. There are two new hotels in the town. The hotel built in the Soviet period has been occupied by the IDPs. At present there is a Social Service Agency functioning in the town. The Telavi municipal service for health care and social affairs also has an positivel impact on the local population. These services are distinguished by their high efficiency Legal and institutional situation To ensure the protection of cultural heritage, legal procedures are executed according to the Georgian Law on Cultural Heritage. The project of the town s cultural heritage protection zones has not yet been legally adopted. The new constructions in historical settings are regulated by the Georgian Law on Cultural Heritage, chapter VIII, article 41. Other new constructions on the territory of the city are regulated by the Georgian Law on Town Planning and Spatial Organisation. However, the preservation of cultural heritage in the case of new developments needs stricter legal provisions put in place. These can be done through the official endorsement of draft cultural heritage protection zones in Telavi Cultural heritage Main features Telavi is significant for its rich cultural heritage. It is one of the few towns that has maintained the urban fabric of the late medieval period. The town is also important for having preserved several fortified residences of local feudals and the complex of the royal family palace. The town also has a considerable portion of nineteenth-century built fabric with important residential buildings, from which the two date back to the eighteenth century. From this period, the remains of tower-houses are preserved, mostly integrated in the later nineteenth to twentieth century buildings. These tower houses used to be the vertical dominants of the townscape in the eighteenth century. Value There are several important monuments of religious architecture dating from the fifth to sixth to the nineteenth centuries. Telavi has two significant buildings dating back to the late modernist period: the Kakheti hotel and a drama theatre. There are also several important monuments close to the town, such as the summer residence of Alexander Chavchavadze an Italianate palace built in 1835 with a winery and decorative garden, which became an important cultural centre in the late nineteenth century; the Ikalto monastery and academy: an educational centre of the eleventh and twelfth centuries, and the eleventh-century Alaverdi cathedral. All these monuments are of national importance. High 1.12 Contribution that heritage can make to the quality of life and to the social and economic prosperity of the town Telavi municipality is a favourite destination for tourists for its cultural heritage and wine production. However the full potential of the cultural heritage of the town is not yet exploited. If planned and managed properly, the urban heritage of Telavi can become one of the major factors in social and economic development of the town.

13 Kyiv Initiative Regional Programme - Rehabilitation of Cultural Heritage in Historic Towns Challenges and opportunities Strengths Rich architectural and urban heritage, yet unexplored archaeological remains underground communications, relatively well-preserved cultural environment. Advantageous geographical location. Weaknesses Lack of awareness, lack of development plans; system of protection zones not adopted. Lack of interest of private companies in cultural heritage. Opportunities High potential for cultural heritage to become a trigger for social and economic development. Threats Threat of destruction of heritage by growing capital investment and in some cases inappropriate rehabilitation Participation in international co-operation (including technical support to projects) Type of project or GIZ One window principle service bureau. area of main CARE Work is in progress to finance the Telavi municipality development project. activities (urban rehabilitation, European Union Development of action plan in order to protect the environment of the city of Telavi. art/culture, International organization Medi Cori rehabilitation of children s polyclinics. transfrontier collaboration, Non-governmental organisation Community and environment rehabilitation of bridges and shore protection. etc.) Donors GIZ, CARE, European Union Partners Regional administration of Kakheti, government of Telavi municipality.

14 Kyiv Initiative Regional Programme - Rehabilitation of Cultural Heritage in Historic Towns 13 II. THEMATIC MAPS

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19 Kyiv Initiative Regional Programme - Rehabilitation of Cultural Heritage in Historic Towns 18 Note on map t.m. 2.3.a: there are no buildings in industrial use in the project area.

20 Kyiv Initiative Regional Programme - Rehabilitation of Cultural Heritage in Historic Towns 19 Note on map t.m. 2.3.a: there are no buildings in industrial use in the project area.

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33 Kyiv Initiative Regional Programme - Rehabilitation of Cultural Heritage in Historic Towns 32 Note on map t.m. 2.7.a: there are no undeveloped sites within the project area.

34 Kyiv Initiative Regional Programme - Rehabilitation of Cultural Heritage in Historic Towns 33 Note on map t.m. 2.7.a: there are no undeveloped sites within the project area.

35 Kyiv Initiative Regional Programme - Rehabilitation of Cultural Heritage in Historic Towns 34 Note on map t.m. 2.7.b: there are no undeveloped sites within the project area.

36 Kyiv Initiative Regional Programme - Rehabilitation of Cultural Heritage in Historic Towns 35 Note on map t.m. 2.7.b: there are no undeveloped sites within the project area.

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42 Kyiv Initiative Regional Programme - Rehabilitation of Cultural Heritage in Historic Towns 41 III. HISTORICAL MAPS

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45 Kyiv Initiative Regional Programme - Rehabilitation of Cultural Heritage in Historic Towns 44 IV. BASE MAPS

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