Trenchless Construction Technology and Issues

Transcription

1 Trenchless Construction Technology and Issues Dr. Mohammad Najafi, P.E., F. ASCE Director, Center for Underground Infrastructure Research & Education (CUIRE) Professor and Director of Construction Engineering & Management Department of Civil Engineering The University of Texas at Arlington 15 th Annual Public Works Roundup Wednesday, May 21, :00 AM - 4:00 PM Ruthe Jackson Center, Grand Prairie, Texas

2 Presentation Outline Pipeline Problems Trenchless Technologies Issues and Benefits New Master of Construction Management Center for Underground Infrastructure Research & Education (CUIRE) Resources Summary and Conclusions

3 The Problem: Extensive and Deteriorating Networks More than 3.5 million miles in U.S. Existing investment in the trillions of dollars Haphazard, poorly documented, neglected

4 Pipeline Interactions Leading to Deterioration Source: O Day et al., 1986

5 State of the U.S. Infrastructure 5,200,000,000 feet of pipe 21,000,000 manholes. Water transmission and distribution alone will require $80 billion over the next 20 years. Approximately 200,000 miles of pipelines need immediate repair or replacement. Approximately 3 percent of the existing systems are added to this need annually. Approximately 800,000 miles of corroded and leaking wastewater are causing environmental problems.

6 Texas Drinking Water: D The population of Texas is expected to double in the next 30 to 40 years. If a drought occurs in Texas in 2050, 43% of municipal demand for water would not be satisfied by current water sources. In 2001, the EPA estimated that Texas had $13 billion in water infrastructure needs over the next 20 years. Other than low-interest loan programs, the State does not fund local water infrastructure construction or maintenance. Source: ASCE

7 State Water Loss Standards % 15% 10% 15% Source: AWWA 10% 15% 20% 15% 20% 15% 15% 10% 15% 15% 7.5% 10% 20% 15% 10% 15% 15% 15%

8 How Did We Get Here? Infrastructure deterioration is gradual. Utility customers have become accustomed to low sewer/water costs. Underground pipelines have difficulty competing for public funds with other visible infrastructure systems. We have forgotten the principles of design life and replacement/lifecycle costs.

9 How Does the Future Look?

10 Trenchless Technology Methods Trenchless Technology: All methods of pipeline and utility installation and renewal with minimum disruption of surface and subsurface

11 Benefits of Trenchless Technology Comparison of cost-breakdown for open-cut and trenchless methods.

12 Benefits of Trenchless Technology Comparison of Cost Factors Between Open-Cut & Trenchless Technology Open-Cut Trenchless Technology Depth Major Minor Diameter Moderate Moderate Soil Conditions Major Moderate to Minor Obstructions Major Minor Water Table Major Minor Existing Utilities Major Major to Moderate Damage To Pavement Major Minor Reinstatement Major Minor Traffic Major Minor Safety Issues Major Minor Productivity Major Minor Environmental Issues Major Minor

13 Benefits of Trenchless Trenching Design: Route at the Road ROW Technology Stream Microtunneling Design: Shorter Route, Steeper Slopes, Smaller Pipe HILL Cost-effective route selection.

14 Benefits of Trenchless Technology Growing public awareness to conserve and protect our environment and quality of life.

15 Major Health Issues due to Dust Irritation impacts Cough and chest problems 8% 7% Sinus Problems 9% Generation Others 3% Asthama 46% Headache and sickness 2% Allergies 13% Other respiratory ailments 12% Source: Adopted from Bickerstaff & Walker, 1999

16 Benefits of Trenchless Technology Business loss due to open cut construction.

17 Benefits of Trenchless Technology Minimum damage to pavement and utilities.

18 Challenge: Old Guidelines

19 CIPP Problems

20 Bumping the Roads

21 Flooding The Basement

22 Flooding The Basement

23 Gas Explosion

24 Challenge: Making the Right Choice

25 Main Challenges for Trenchless Technology Projects Difficulties in Locating Existing Underground Utilities Lack of Standard Guidelines & Specifications Lack of Proper Geotechnical Investigations Not Matching the Correct Method to the Project Conditions Lack of Proper Specification Interpretation Lack of Inspector & Operator Experience and Proper Training

26 Trenchless Technology Methods Trenchless Methods Construction Methods Renewal Methods Utility Tunneling Pipe Jacking Horizontal Earth Boring Horizontal Auger Boring HDD Microtunneling Cured-in-Place Pipe Close-fit Pipe Thermoformed Pipe Sliplining Modified Sliplining In-line Replacement Pipe Ramming

27 Utility Tunneling Method Utility Tunneling Performed in two steps Excavation & Installation of Primary Support Installation of pipe (Secondary Support/Liner System) Product pipe sizes 42 & larger Limitations on length & size based on logistical considerations & safety

28 Utility Tunneling Method Characteristic of Utility Tunneling Method Diameter Range (inches) Typical Installation (feet) Pipe Materials Typical Applications Accuracy ( + or - ) Utility Tunneling 42 & larger 1,600 RCP, GRP, Steel Pressure & Gravity Pipelines ~1

29 Typical Components of Utility Tunneling Method

30 Utility Tunneling Method

32 Possible Liners for Utility Tunneling Wood Lagging Tunnel Liner Plates

35 Trenchless Technology Methods Trenchless Methods Construction Methods Renewal Methods Utility Tunneling Pipe Jacking Horizontal Earth Boring Horizontal Auger Boring HDD Microtunneling Pipe Ramming Cured-in-Place Pipe Close-fit Pipe Thermoformed Pipe Sliplining Modified Sliplining In-line Replacement Localized Repair Lateral Renewal Coatings & Linings Manhole Renewal

36 Pipe Jacking Method Pipe Jacking Similar to Utility Tunneling, except it combines the excavation & pipe installation into one step Product pipe sizes 42 & larger Limitations on length & size based on logistical considerations & safety

37 Pipe Jacking Pipe jacking is a trenchless technique for installing new underground pipelines and culverts. Conventional Pipe Jacking Pilot Tube Horizontal Auger Boring (Bore and Jack) Microtunneling

38 Pipe Jacking Method Characteristic of Pipe Jacking Method Diameter Range (inches) Typical Installation (feet) Pipe Materials Typical Applications Accuracy ( + or - ) Pipe Jacking 42 & larger 1,600 RCP, GRP, Steel Pressure & Gravity Pipelines ~1

39 Typical Components of a Pipe Jacking Operation Ventilation Blower Generator Power Pack Bentonite Pump Conveyor Jacking Pipe Dirt Bucket Laser Telescopic Cylinders Thrust Block Boring Head Haul Unit Intermediate Jacking Station Skid Base Thrust Ring Pit Floor MCB Control Desk Operator

40 Pipe Jacking Components 1. Control and steering desk 2. Crane 3. Jacking pipes 4. Separation plant 5. Mixing plant 6. Supply pump 7. Shield machine 8. Intermediate jacking station 9. Main jacking station 10. Abutment (Thrust block)

41 Pipe Jacking Equipment Laser Guidance System for Pipe Jacking

42 Intermediate Jacking Stations Source: Akkerman, Inc.

43 Trenchless Technology Methods (Road and Railroad Crossings) Trenchless Methods Construction Methods Renewal Methods Utility Tunneling Pipe Jacking Horizontal Earth Boring Horizontal Auger Boring HDD Microtunneling Pipe Ramming Cured-in-Place Pipe Close-fit Pipe Thermoformed Pipe Sliplining Modified Sliplining In-line Replacement Localized Repair Lateral Renewal Coatings & Linings Manhole Renewal

44 Horizontal Auger Boring Method Process of simultaneously jacking casing through the earth while removing the spoil inside the encasement by means of a rotating flight auger

45 Horizontal Auger Boring Method Horizontal Auger Boring Performed in two steps: Excavation & installation of the casing pipe Installation of carrier pipe & filling annular space with grout Crossing technique Available with Dynamic grade control Dynamic line & grade control

46 Horizontal Auger Boring Method Characteristic of Horizontal Auger Boring Method Diameter Range (inches) Maximum Installation (feet) Pipe Materials Typical Applications Accuracy ( + or - ) Auger Boring Steel Road Crossings 1% of bore length Auger Boring w/grade control Steel Road Crossings 12 Auger Boring w/line & grade control Steel Road Crossings 12

47 Auger Boring Process

48 Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) (Pressure Pipelines and Conduits) Trenchless Methods Construction Methods Renewal Methods Utility Tunneling Pipe Jacking Cured-in-Place Pipe Close-fit Pipe Horizontal Earth Boring Thermoformed Pipe Horizontal Auger Boring HDD Microtunneling Sliplining Modified Sliplining In-line Replacement Pipe Ramming

49 Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) (Pressure Pipelines and Conduits) Usually performed in two (or more) steps: Drilling of pilot hole using a steerable drill head & locator system Backreaming to increase pilot hole diameter & pullback of product pipe Product pipe sizes up to about 60 Typically used for road and river crossings

50 Horizontal Directional Drilling Method (HDD) Characteristic of Horizontal Directional Drilling Method Diameter Range (inches) Maximum Installation (feet) Pipe Materials Typical Applications Accuracy ( + or - ) Mini-HDD 4-12 < 600 PE, PVC, DIP Pressure Pipe & Cables Varies Midi-HDD ,000 PE, Steel Pressure Pipe Varies Maxi-HDD ,000 6,000 Steel Pressure Pipe Varies

51 Horizontal Directional Drilling Method (HDD) Source: Hair & Associates

56 Trenchless Technology Methods Trenchless Methods Construction Methods Renewal Methods Utility Tunneling Pipe Jacking Horizontal Earth Boring Horizontal Auger Boring HDD Microtunneling Pipe Ramming Cured-in-Place Pipe Close-fit Pipe Thermoformed Pipe Sliplining Modified Sliplining In-line Replacement Localized Repair Lateral Renewal Coatings & Linings Manhole Renewal

57 Microtunneling Microtunneling Method (Gravity Pipelines) Also known as remote-controlled pipe jacking Product pipe sizes 12 & larger Uses automation for processes performed by workers within the tunnel on pipe jacking Remote controlled MTBM Remote controlled excavation & spoil removal Remote controlled guidance system

58 Microtunneling Method Characteristic of Microtunneling Method Diameter Range (inches) Typical Installation (feet) Pipe Materials Typical Applications Accuracy ( + or - ) Microtunneling > 12 1,000 RCP, GRP, VCP, DIP, Steel, PCP Gravity Pipelines ~1

59 Microtunnel Boring Machine (MTBM)

60 Microtunneling Method Guidance systems based on a laser set in jacking shaft Types of guidance systems Passive Active

61 Trenchless Technology Methods Trenchless Methods Construction Methods Renewal Methods Utility Tunneling Pipe Jacking Horizontal Earth Boring Horizontal Auger Boring HDD Pilot Tube Microtunneling Cured-in-Place Pipe Close-fit Pipe Thermoformed Pipe Sliplining Modified Sliplining In-line Replacement Microtunneling Pipe Ramming

62 Trenchless Technology Methods (Road and Railroad Crossings) Pipe Ramming Performed in two steps: Installation of the casing pipe by using an air hammer from a drive pit Use closed-end casing (<8 diameter) Use open-end casing for >8, clean spoil from casing after drive completed Installation of carrier pipe & filling annular space with grout Best suited for road crossings

63 Pipe Ramming Method Characteristic of Pipe Ramming Method Diameter Range (inches) Typical Installation (feet) Pipe Materials Typical Applications Accuracy ( + or - ) Pipe Ramming < Steel Road Crossings Depends on setup

64 Source: TT Technologies

65 Trenchless Technology Methods Trenchless Methods Construction Methods Renewal Methods Utility Tunneling Pipe Jacking Horizontal Earth Boring Horizontal Auger Boring HDD Pilot Tube Microtunneling Cured-in-Place Pipe Close-fit Pipe Thermoformed Pipe Sliplining Modified Sliplining In-line Replacement Microtunneling Pipe Ramming Compaction Methods

66 Cured-in-Place Pipe (CIPP) (Gravity & Pressure Pipelines) Installs a resin-impregnated, thin-walled liner tube inside of host pipe Liner resin is cured with the liner in place inside of the host pipe Creates a new liner pipe within the host pipe Available in a variety of diameters & shapes

67 Cured-in-Place Pipe (CIPP) Characteristic of CIPP Methods Method Diameter Range (inches) Maximum Installation (feet) Liner Materials Typical Applications Inverted in place Winched in Place ,000 Thermoset resin/fabric composite ,500 Thermoset resin/fabric composite Gravity & pressure pipelines Gravity & pressure pipelines

68 Cured-in-Place Pipe (CIPP) Manufacturing (Wet-Out) Felt is vacuum-impregnated with catalyzed resin, loaded onto a refrigerated truck and transported to the jobsite Source: Insituform Technologies

69 Cured-in-Place Pipe (CIPP) Inversion method Liner is brought to the site and inverted into place using a column of water or air pressure Refrigerated Truck Water Source Source: Insituform Technologies

70 Cured-in-Place Pipe (CIPP) Water Inversion Method Source: Insituform Technologies

71 Cured-in-Place Pipe (CIPP) Curing Cycle Water is heated and continuously circulated through a boiler unit until the CIPP is fully cured Boiler / platform truck Recirculation piping Source: Insituform Technologies Hot Water Cure

72 Cured-in-Place Pipe (CIPP) Pull-In-Place Method Liner is brought to the site, carefully pulled into place and expanded using a water or air-inverted calibration tube Refrigerated Truck Winch Source: Insituform Technologies

73 Service Reinstatements Camera Cutter Source: Insituform Technologies

74 Cured-in-Place Pipe (CIPP) On-site (Over-the-Hole) Wet-outs Source: Insituform Technologies

75 THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING NEW MASTER OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT (MCM)

76 RESEARCH CONSORTIUM Center for Underground Infrastructure Research & Education Grouping of university, municipal, industrial, business and governmental representatives committed to the advancement of knowledge in materials, methods and equipment used in underground infrastructure.

77 Research Projects Source: TRWD

78 Validation of Culvert Standards SCP-MD and Jack and Bore Issues

79 WERF INFR1R12 STRUCTURAL CAPABILITIES OF NO-DIG MANHOLE REHABILITATION

80 Current Research at The University of Texas at Arlington Design Guide Scope:- An overview of planning and design requirements for structural renewal of water pipes utilizing Spray-in-Place Pipe (SIPP) lining, a Hybrid Polyurea Structural enhancement spray method. Topics Addressed Method Selection Design Principles Lining Thickness Calculations Material Consumption Quality Control Cost Analysis Design Guide 3MTM TM Spray In Place Pipe (SIPP) 269 Lining (Hybrid Polyurea Structural Linings) for Water Pipes Prepared By: The Center For Underground Infrastructure Research and Education (CUIRE) The University of Texas at Arlington Dr. Mohammad Najafi

81 Current Research at The University of Texas at Arlington Installation Guide Scope:- An overview of each phase of installation from pipe preparation, cleaning, disinfecting to project closeout and delivery. Topics Addressed Condition Assessment Inspection Methods Cleaning Methods Disinfection Curing Project Safety Project Delivery Installation Guide 3MTM TM Spray-In-Place Pipe (SIPP) 269 Coating (Hybrid Polyurea Structural) for Water Pipes Prepared By: The Center For Underground Infrastructure Research and Education (CUIRE) The University of Texas at Arlington Dr. Mohammad Najafi

82 ASTM & ASCE Working Committees Working Group WK23937 Collaboration Standard Practice for Renewal of Existing Pressure Pipes by Spray in Place Pipe with Polyurea Resin. Scope: This practice describes the procedures for renewal of water pipes by using 100% polyurea lining. It covers proposed design method, installation techniques and inspection required for lining water pipes using polyurea resin. Topics Addressed: Standards Methods Preparation Work Designing Testing

83 Long-Term Testing

84 Durability and Reliability of Large Diameter (16 in. and Larger) HDPE Pipe for Water Main Applications (Project #4485)

85 Test Setup

86 CUIRE Board Members

87 Publications

88 Classroom Training

89 Journal of Pipeline Systems (JPS) Engineering and Practice New pipeline technologies, Planning, engineering, design, construction (conventional and trenchless), Renewal, safety, operation and maintenance, Asset management, Environmental aspects, and Sustainability of pipeline systems.

90 Summary Need more hybrid methods with enhanced capabilities. Need more standards and guidelines. Need more training and education. Due to nature of trenchless technology projects, the Contractor and the Engineer must work together to understand the project s expectations and work through potential problems.

91 Summary Selection of the best method is a function of many issues including: Size (diameter) Shape Alignment Environment (soil, fluid & temperature) Structural needs Loads (overburden, hydrostatic, surface) Flow capacity (hydraulics) Others????

92 Conclusions CUIRE can be a resource for you! Pipe/soil interactions Physical testing & computer modeling Review of design alternatives Life-cycle cost analysis Constructability Trenchless technology Education, training and certification courses

93 Questions? Dr. Mohammad Najafi, P.E., F. ASCE Director of Center for Underground Infrastructure Research & Education (CUIRE) Phone: