Introduction to Raster Graphics and Applications
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1 Data Visualization Workshop May 7, 2015 Introduction to Raster Graphics and Applications Richard Koehler, PhD, PH NOAA, Boulder, CO Source: usgs.gov Source: nrcs.gov Source: noaa.gov
2 Workshop outline Morning: Intro and use of raster plots Background, summit to sea approach Examples with pattern identification Advanced analysis techniques Afternoon: Hands on how-to Data formatting Graph creation Tips and tricks
3 Speaker Background Position (current & past) NOAA/NWS, National Hydrologic and Geospatial Sciences Training Coordinator Director of Water Resources, EEC, Tucson, AZ Water Resources Hydrologist, Cochise County, AZ LCDR (ret), NOAA Ships Rainier, Whiting, NWRFC, CBRFC Geodesist, Defense Mapping Agency - Hydrologist, USFS (MBSNF) Education (Pacific NW related research) PhD Univ of Arizona (Watershed Mgmt & remote sensing - Snake and Colo) MS Naval Postgraduate School (Hydrographic Sciences - Columbia) MS, BS Univ of Arizona (Natural Resource Mgmt - Malheur Lake) Certification Professional Hydrologist - American Institute of Hydrology
4 An Introduction to Geodetic Datums
5 Why this workshop? Summed up in one phrase: Big Data Focus on time series - observations, derived data, model output Bottom line - understand, restoration guide, forecast/predict/monitor, decision support, budget, QA/QC, user needs, project management
6 Visualization criteria Show all data no hiding or distorting View multiple timescales simultaneously Compare within and between datasets Display a large range and amount of data Identify trends and patterns; natural vs artificial Locate outliers and anomalies, QA/QC
7 Patterns - training your eyes to see Source:
8 Time and space scales - ecology Source: NOAA
9 Time-series data displays Source: USGS Source: NOAA
10 Spaghetti plot Water Year: Oct 1 Sept 30 Assumption: Lines overlaid in a single plane Kettle River near Laurier, WA
11 Display evolution Alter the assumption:
12 Wire diagram Tilt and rotate display New perspective, aerial Hidden axis Spaghetti plot perspective, ground
13 Time map Dual timescale coordinate system Common framework for visualization and layering data
14 Streamflow MT Traditional hydrograph WA OR ID Flood of record Droughts of record What were the dates?
15 Raster hydrograph Clearwater River at Spalding, ID Discharge axis Flood of Record May 1948 Droughts of record Jan 1937, Dec 1952 (WY 1953) Missing + Dworshak operational event mark Source: USGS
16 Raster hydrograph Clearwater River at Spalding, ID Snowmelt runoff Missing + Dworshak operational
17 Raster hydrograph Clearwater River at Spalding, ID Fall & Winter storms Missing + Dworshak operational
18 Raster hydrograph Clearwater River at Spalding, ID Late summer low flow Missing + Dworshak operational
19 Raster hydrograph Clearwater River at Spalding, ID Dworshak diversion tunnel closed Missing + Dworshak operational
20 Raster hydrograph Clearwater River at Spalding, ID Weekend regulation pattern Missing + Dworshak operational
21 Raster hydrograph Clearwater River at Spalding, ID Fall release Missing + Dworshak operational
22 Raster hydrograph Clearwater River at Spalding, ID July to Sept release Missing + Dworshak operational
23 Similar plots Plot name: Heat map Temporal raster plot Raster image Hovmöller diagram Waterfall plot Chromogram Pixel graph Image map Raster hydrograph Software: Graphics Excel, Matlab, OriginLab, SAS, Surfer, ArcGIS R *, Google Docs *, QGIS * Quantitative tools Surfer, ArcGIS, Mathematica, QGIS *, FRAGSTATS * * No cost options
24 ArcGIS plot Raster hydrograph created in ArcMap
25 Online resources
26 Online resources Source:
27 Plot variations - Value ( v, such as observed or modeled) - Change in value (Dv/Dt, very helpful in quality checks) - Running sum (Sv) - Maximum or minimum (v max, v min, annual series) - Threshold (v crit or specific number) - Calculated ( f(v), percentile, return frequency) - Combine, layer displays (raster with contours)
28 Annual Series Annual maximum daily mean flow (cfs)
29 Annual Series Annual maximum daily mean flow (cfs) + Dworshak operational
30 Flood frequency flows Return period flows + + Dworshak operational Pre-dam record used to compute flood frequency design flows
31 Traditional plot water temperature
32 Daily maximum water temperature Temperature synced with summer flow, except for recent years. Note link with power production. missing
33 Water temperature range (max min) What patterns are seen here? missing
34 Flow vs daily max water temp Identify flows where daily max water temp 20 C
35 Overlay multiple datasets Flow and max water temp Overlays helps identify coincidence Warning: Coincidence does not always imply a connection. Water temp 20 C missing
36 Reservoir water temp (avg) Bonneville Reservoir Source:
37 Lower Columbia River Reservoir System Source:
38 Bonneville adult chinook Daily Count, ( , 5 years) Source:
39 Bonneville adult chinook Daily Count, ( , 76 years) Source:
40 Bonneville adult chinook - update
41 Envelope curve Bonneville adult chinook count and water temperature 1,000 adult chinook/day 48 F, 8.9 C
42 Bonneville adult chinook Daily Count Annual Max Daily Count
43 Bonneville adult chinook Running annual total daily count missing
44 Bonneville adult chinook Running annual total daily count and annual max missing
45 Bonneville adult chinook Running total and annual max Monthly PDO index missing Source: noaa
46 Lower Columbia River system Daily count at four lower projects Bonneville The Dalles John Day McNary
47 SNOTEL example Crater Meadow, ID
48 Snow Water Equivalent
49 Snow Water Equivalent
50 Snow Water Equivalent
51 SWE and Precipitation SWE (15 inches) Precip (20 inches)
52 Paleo-hydrology analysis Annual volume estimated with tree ring data Jackson Lake at Dam on Snake River near Moran, WY Estimated annual volume (ac-ft) 10% wettest 10% driest Century
53 Paleo-hydrology analysis Jackson Lake at Dam on Snake River near Moran, WY Annual volume (ac-ft)
54 Tides (6 minute interval) Astoria 4.0 Astoria, OR tides (2014) 87,415 data points Portland Depth meters (MLLW) /1 1/31 3/2 4/1 5/1 5/31 6/30 7/30 8/29 9/28 10/28 11/27 12/27 Source:
55 Tides (6 minute interval) Astoria, OR tides (2014) 87,415 data points Missing
56 Streamflow and energy generation The Dalles, OR Mean daily streamflow (cfs) Total daily energy generation (MWH) Source: Maximum generation 43,400 MWH
57 Flow regime and geology Dr. Gordon Grant USFS - OSU study McKenzie River at Outlet of Clear Lake, OR Elev = 3,015 ft, Drainage area = mi 2 High Cascade geology High bedrock perm, Mtn/Trans terrain Moderate/High soil perm Lookout Creek near Blue River, OR Elev = 1,378 ft Drainage area =24.10 mi 2 Western Cascade geology Low bedrock perm, Mtn terrain Low soil perm Source: Grant et al., Streamflow response to climate warming in mountain regions: Integrating the effects of snowpack and groundwater dynamics.
58 Flow regime and geology Flow (cfs) Clear Lake, OR High soil perm Winter: longer duration Summer: higher baseflow Flow (cfs) Lookout Creek, OR Low soil perm Winter: shorter duration Summer: low baseflow
59 QA/QC MT Days without data can provide information Fort Peck computed daily inflow (~72 yrs, 26,300 values) ID WY Missing
60 Summary Alternate display of data Online resources Multiple applications Variety of plots and combinations
61 Questions?
62 Break Back in 15 minutes
63 Additional slides
64 Colorado River Water Availability Study How can climate simulations for water resources be re-purposed? Topics Hydrometeorology Climate change Water supply Consumptive use Decision support Reservoir management Instream flows Data visualization Elements a. Sites = 845 Diversions, Reservoirs, Stream gages, ISF reaches, Natural Flow Nodes, b. Parameters = 26 Demand, CU, Loss, Flow, c. Climate scenarios = 11 Historic, 2040 & 2070 simulations
65 Current data display Elements a. Sites 1 b. Parameters 1 c. Scenarios 11 a. Colorado River nr CO-UT state line b. Upstream Inflow c. All climate scenarios
66 Current data display Elements a. Sites 1 b. Parameters 1 c. Scenarios 11 a. Colorado River nr CO-UT state line b. Upstream Inflow c. All climate scenarios
67 Current data display Elements 1. Sites 1 2. Parameters 1 3. Scenarios Colorado River nr CO-UT state line 2. Upstream Inflow 3. All climate scenarios
68 Proposed data display Elements 1. Sites 1 2. Parameters 1 3. Scenarios 1 1. Colorado River nr CO-UT state line 2. Upstream Inflow 3. Historic climate scenario
69 Proposed data display Elements 1. Sites 1 2. Parameters 1 3. Scenarios 1 1. Colorado River nr CO-UT state line 2. Upstream Inflow G climate scenario
70 New product display Elements 1. Sites 1 2. Parameters 1 3. Scenarios 2 1. Colorado River nr CO-UT state line 2. D Upstream Inflow (new) 3. (2070 G) (Historic)
71 Potential new products Elements A. B. C. D. E. Sites multiple Parameters multiple Scenarios multiple A. Temporal signature B. Up and downstream - or - basin to basin comparison C. Dual parameter comparison D. Scenario difference comparison (as shown earlier) E. More complex intercomparisons
72 ArcMap plot
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