4 (4) Ekonomia XXI Wieku. Economics of the 21st Century

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1 4 (4) 2014 Ekonomia XXI Wieku Economics of the 21st Century Publishing House of Wrocław University of Economics Wrocław 2014

2 Copy-editing: Rafał Galos Layout: Barbara Łopusiewicz Proof-reading: Magdalena Kot Typesetting: Małgorzata Czupryńska Cover design: Beata Dębska This publication is available at Lower Silesian Digital Library The Central European Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities and in The Central and Eastern European Online Library as well as in the annotated bibliography of economic issues of BazEkon bazy_ae/bazekon/nowy/index.php Information on submitting and reviewing papers is available on the Publishing House s website All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or in any means without the prior written permission of the Publisher Copyright by Wrocław University of Economics Wrocław 2014 ISSN The original version: printed Printing: EXPOL, P. Rybiński, J. Dąbek, sp.j. ul. Brzeska 4, Włocławek

pl and in The Central and Eastern European Online Library www.ceeol.com, as well as in the annotated bibliography of economic issues of BazEkon http://kangur.uek.krakow.pl/ bazy_ae/bazekon/nowy/index.

3 Contents Introduction... 7 Małgorzata Domiter: The meaning of global rules of leading trade with particular focus on MFN for developing countries... 9 Magdalena Myszkowska: The importance of services trade in global economy Paweł Kowalik: 20 years of NAFTA trends in trade and the economic effects Piotr Ptak: Arithmetic of influence of debt crisis on economies of Visegrad Group and challenges ahead Sebastian Bobowski: Japan s vision of East Asian regionalism toward soft balancing strategy Ryta Dziemianowicz, Adam Wyszkowski, Renata Budlewska: Tax expenditures: spending through the Polish tax system Sebastian Bobowski, Marcin Haberla: Cluster as an opportunity for medical tourism in Poland Alicja Małgorzata Graczyk: A study of the labour market of renewable sources of energy in Poland Anna Marciszewska: Structural funds and development of non-profit organisations. 126 Bogusława Drelich-Skulska, Anna H. Jankowiak: Asian Conference at Wrocław University of Economics Streszczenia Małgorzata Domiter: Znaczenie globalnych reguł prowadzenia wymiany handlowej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem KNU dla krajów rozwijających się Magdalena Myszkowska: Znaczenie handlu usługami w gospodarce światowej Paweł Kowalik: 20 LAT NAFTA trendy w handlu i efekty gospodarcze Piotr Ptak: Arytmetyka wpływu kryzysu zadłużenia na gospodarki Grupy Wyszehradzkiej a wyzwania na przyszłość Sebastian Bobowski: Japońska wizja wschodnioazjatyckiego regionalizmu ku strategii miękkiego równoważenia Ryta Dziemianowicz, Adam Wyszkowski, Renata Budlewska: Tax expenditures: wydatki poprzez polski system podatkowy Sebastian Bobowski, Marcin Haberla: Klaster szansą dla turystyki medycznej w Polsce Alicja Małgorzata Graczyk: Badania rynku pracy odnawialnych źródeł energii w Polsce Anna Marciszewska: Fundusze strukturalne a rozwój organizacji non-profit

.. 46 Piotr Ptak: Arithmetic of influence of debt crisis on economies of Visegrad Group and challenges ahead.

4 EKONOMIA XXI WIEKU ECONOMICS OF THE 21ST CENTURY 4(4) 2014 ISSN Bogusława Drelich-Skulska, Anna H. Jankowiak ASIAN CONFERENCE AT WROCŁAW UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS DOI: /e On November 2014 at Wrocław University of Economics there was held an international scientific conference Redefinition of the Role of Asia-Pacific Region in the Global Economy. Partnership or Leadership? The conference in the series Asia-Pacific Region took place for the seventh time, and like every year, attracted great interest of the participants and audience. The purpose of the conference is to exchange experience and popularize knowledge about the Asia-Pacific Region, in particular Asian economies and societies. The conference is a convenient place for meetings of representatives of the world of diplomacy, science and government. The conference was held for the first time in 2008 and was an innovative event at ours as well as other Polish universities. Until then problems related to Asian countries had not been widely discussed and there had not been an opportunity for scientific meetings for experts in this field of knowledge. The topics of the conferences are a continuation of the research problem conducted by the Department of International Economic Relations for many years. The initiator of the conference was prof. Bogusława Drelich-Skulska, who has been the head of the conference to this day. Prof. Skulska created at our university a team of researchers which later transformed into the Asia Pacific Research Center working at Wrocław University of Economics. Every year the conference is attended by respected scientists from various centers from Poland and the world, including primarily researchers from Japan and China (prof. Y. Sato and prof. K. Abe from Seikei University (Japan), prof. K. Ando from Shizuoka University (Japan), and PhD Y. Fan from China Foreign Affairs University). Annually we have a great honor to host representatives of the highest levels of diplomacy from Asian countries. Until this year our guests have been Mrs. Penelope Ridings, New Zealand s Ambassador, Mrs. Ruth Pearce, Australian Ambassador, Mr. Makoto Yamanaka, Ambassador of Japan, Mrs. Jean Dunn, Australian Ambassador, Mr. Hong Ji-in, Ambassador of South Korea, and Mrs. Patricia Ann V. Paez, Ambassador of the Philippines. We welcomed the representatives of the Polish diplomatic services: Ambassador, Mr. Bogdan Góralczyk

Partnership or Leadership? The conference in the series Asia-Pacific Region took place for the seventh time, and like every year, attracted great interest of the participants and audience.

5 Asian Conference at Wrocław University of Economics 145 and Ambassador, Mr. Michael Łabenda. The world of politics at our conferences has been represented so far by Deputy Minister of Economic Affairs of the Republic of Poland Mrs. Ilona Antoniszyn-Klik, Mr. Krzysztof Szumski, the Director of Asia and Pacific Department at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Mr. Alain Ruche from the European Commission. Every year the conference receives the honorary patronage of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education. The conferences are a platform for exchange of knowledge and different perspectives on the Asia-Pacific Region, which is why our guests are also representatives of regional authorities and institutional units. During the last conference in 2014 we were honored by the presence of the chairwoman of Wałbrzyska Special Economic Zone Mrs. Barbara Kaśnikowska. Asian conferences have also a real dimension of science, as our guests prepare scientific articles in English, which are published in the Research Papers of Wrocław University of Economics and which capture attention of researchers and students in Poland. The eighth conference in the series Asia-Pacific Dimensions of Regional Processes in the Asia-Pacific Region will take place in November Successfully promoting knowledge of the Asia-Pacific Region in Poland, Asian conferences at University of Economics in Wrocław are permanent scientific events in our country.

Krzysztof Szumski, the Director of Asia and Pacific Department at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Mr. Alain Ruche from the European Commission.

4 (4) 2014. Ekonomia XXI Wieku. Economics of the 21st Century

4 (4) 2014. Ekonomia XXI Wieku. Economics of the 21st Century 4 (4) 2014 Ekonomia XXI Wieku Economics of the 21st Century Publishing House of Wrocław University of Economics Wrocław 2014 Copy-editing: Rafał Galos Layout: Barbara Łopusiewicz Proof-reading: Magdalena