Orchard Management Schedule

Transcription

1 Etension and Advisory Team Orchard Management chedule A guide to insect, mite and disease management in apple and pear orchards in Nova cotia 2013/2014

2 Editor and Production Bill Craig, Horticulturist, Perennia, 32 Main treet, Kentville, N, B4N 1J5 Reviewers Peter Burgess, Perennia, 199 Innovation Drive, Innovation Park Truro N, B2N 6Z4 Chris Duyvelshoff, Horticulturist, Perennia, 32 Main treet, Kentville, N, B4N 1J5 Helen Arenburg Perennia, 32 Main treet, Kentville, N, B4N 1J5 ources of Information on Pesticides Information ervice of the Pest Management Regulatory Agency Phone: Web ite: Pest Management Regulatory Agency Electronic Labels: earch Tool Web ite: National Pesticide Information Centre Web ite: Chemfinder Webserver Web ite: Environmental Emergencies Pesticide and Chemical spills Phone: Organic Agriculture Centre of Canada Web ite: 2

3 Emergency and First Aid Procedure for Pesticide Poisoning Become familiar with the chemicals you are using. Keep a list of common and active ingredient names in case of accidents or emergencies. This information can be found on product labels and cross-referenced in this publication. If a pesticide has come in contact with the skin or has been spilled on clothing, remove the clothing and wash the skin thoroughly with soap and warm water. If poisoning from eposure to a pesticide by swallowing, inhalation or contact with skin or eyes, is suspected read the label of the pesticide container if available and carry out first aid treatment as suggested. Immediately after first aid treatment has been given, wrap the patient in a coat or blanket and rush him/her to the nearest hospital. Take the list of chemical common names with you and identify the one being used. If a person is unconscious or lapses into unconsciousness, call 911 immediately. Emergency advice on pesticide poisoning is available from the Poison Information Centre, Halifa, N. Phone: (N & PEI). 3

4 Table of Contents Toicity Table and Pesticide Formulation Abbreviations... 5 Problem Codes... 6 Overview of Apple Orchard Management chedule... 7 Overview of Pear Orchard Management chedule... 9 Pesticides Listed in this chedule Apple Orchard Management chedule Green Tip mm Green to Tight Cluster Bud eparation Pink Bloom Caly First Cover econd Cover Codling Moth Decision Table Third Cover Fourth Cover August to November Pear Orchard Management chedule Dormant to cale eparation Blossom Bud Eposed to Bloom. 27 Caly. 28 First Cover to Cover prays

5 Toicity Table LD 50 (mg/kg) Hazard Rating Relative Toicity Rating Above 500 Very Low Hazard Low Hazard Moderate Hazard Very High Hazard 4 10 and less Etremely Hazardous 5 Pesticide Formulation Abbreviations DF dry flowable G soluble granules DP dispersible powder N solution DU dust P soluble powder EC emulsifiable concentrate U suspension F or FLO flowable solution URF surfactant GR or G granular W or WP wettable powder OD oil dispersible WP water soluble pouch C spray concentrate WDG or DG water dispersible granules Warning Please note that we make no warranty or guarantee of any kind, epressed or implied, concerning the use of products listed in this publication. The user assumes all risks, whether recommendations are followed or not. This publication is intended as a guide only. For specific product information always refer to and follow directions on the label. 5

6 Problem Codes The following codes can be used on the spray record sheet when recording your monitoring and spray activities. These codes are the same as those used in the Orchard Outlook newsletter. We would encourage you to use these codes, as they may make record-keeping easier. Insects Insects Apple Brown Bug ABB Tarnished Plant Bug TPB Apple Grain Aphid AGA Tent Caterpillar TC Apple Leaf-Curling Midge ALM White Apple Leafhopper WALH Apple Maggot AM Winter Moth WM Codling Moth CM Mites European Fruit Tree Borer EFTB Apple Rust Mite ARM European Fruit cale EF European Red Mite ERM European Apple awfly EA Lemon Yellow Mite LYM Eyespotted Bud Moth EBM Pear Leaf Blister Mite PLBM Fruittree Leafroller FTR Pear Rust Mite PRM Green Apple Aphid GAA Two-spotted pider Mite TM Green Pug Moth GPM Typhlodromus pyri TYPH Leafrollers LR Diseases Lecanium cale L Apple cab A Mullein Bug MB Bitter Pit BP Oystershell cale O Blossom End Rot BER Obliquebanded Leafroller OBL European Canker EC Pale Apple Leafroller PAL Fire Blight FB Pear Psylla PP Fly peck F Plum Curculio PC Gleosporium Canker GC Rosy Apple Aphid RAA Powdery Mildew PM an Jose cale J ooty Blotch B peckled Green Fruitworm tinging Mirids (ABB & MB) GFW M 6

7 Overview of Apple Orchard Management chedule tage Problem Management Options Monitoring Physical Control Chemical Control Other April European Fruit Tree Borer European Red Mite Fire Blight Cankers May Canker European Fruit Tree Borer Green Tip Apple cab European Red Mite 15 mm Green to Tight Cluster Apple cab Powdery Mildew European Red Mite potted Tentiform Leafminer Winter Moth Bud eparation Apple cab Powdery Mildew Fruitworm Winter Moth Pink Apple cab Powdery Mildew European Red Mite Rosy Apple Aphid Oblique Banded and Three Lined Leafroller Tarnished Plant Bug Bloom Apple awfly Pollination Wild Apple Tree Fire Blight Caly Apple cab Powdery Mildew European Red Mite Apple awfly Twospotted pider Mite Pale Apple, Oblique-banded Three Lined Leafroller Rosy Apple Aphid tinging Bugs Tarnished Plant Bug White Apple Leafhopper Winter Moth Fruitworm 7

8 Monitoring Physical Control Chemical Control Other First Cover Apple cab Powdery Mildew Codling Moth European Red Mite Apple Rust Mite Twospotted pider Mite econd Cover Apple cab Powdery Mildew Fire Blight Codling Moth Third Cover Apple cab Powdery Mildew Fire Blight Apple Maggot Codling Moth European Red Mite Twospotted pider Mite Apple Rust Mite potted Tentiform Leafminer Fourth Cover Apple cab Apple Maggot European Red Mite Two-spotted pider Mite Apple Rust Mite Codling Moth Eyespotted Bud Moth White Apple Leafhopper Early August oil & Leaf Analysis Late August torage Rots Pre Harvest Fruit Injury Post Harvest torage Rots Mice 8

9 Overview of Pear Orchard Management chedule tage Problem Management Options Monitoring Physical Control Chemical Control Other April Pear Psylla Pear Leaf Blister Mite cale eparation Blossom Bud Eposed to Tight Cluster Pear cab Pear Psylla Pear cab Full White Pear cab Winter Moth Fruitworm Pear Rust Mite Bloom Pear cab Pollination Caly Pear cab Winter Moth Fruitworm Pear Rust Mite European Red Mite First Cover Pear cab Pear Psylla Pear Rust Mite European Red Mite Pear Leaf Blister Mite Codling Moth Cover prays Pear cab Pear Psylla Pear Rust Mite European Red Mite Twospotted pider Mite Codling Moth 9

10 PETICIDE LITED IN THI CHEDULE This listing includes all the registered pesticides (ecluding herbicides) detailed in the Apple and Pear Orchard Management chedules. ome of the secondary insects and diseases referred to on the pesticide labels are also listed, but caution must be used in interpreting the effects on these secondary pests. The chedule recommends the timing of application based on the target pest which is often not the appropriate time for control of the secondary pests. Active Ingredient Product Chemical Family GROUP Relative Toicity (1=least, 5=most) M A M M A L O R A L K I N B E E T Y P H O T H E R I N E C T D A Y T O H A R V E T RE-ENTRY INTERVAL Pests Controlled FUNGICIDE/ANTIBIOTIC Aureobasidium pullulans Blossom Protect Biopesticide uppression of fire blight boscalid + pyraclostrobin Pristine Carboylic acid amide trobilurin days Apple & pear scab, powdery mildew, flyspeck, sooty blotch, Brooks spot captan Captan Maestro Phthalimide M hrs Apple & pear scab, black rot, flyspeck, sooty blotch, storage rots (applied preharvest) cyprodinil Vangard Anilinopyrimidine hrs Apple scab difenoconazole Inspire Triazole hrs Apple & pear scab dodine Equal/yllit Guanidine hrs Apple & pear scab fluazinam Allegro Phenylpyridinylamine hrs Apple scab, flyspeck and sooty blotch fluopyram + pyrimethanil Luna Tranquility Carboamide Anilinopyrimidine hrs Apple scab, powdery mildew fludioonil cholar Phenyl pyroles PH - torage rots (blue and grey mold) kresoim-methyl ovran trobilurin hrs Apple & pear scab, powdery mildew 10

11 Relative Toicity (1=least,5=most) Active Ingredient Product Chemical Family G R O U P M A M M A L O R A L K I N B E E T Y P H O T H E R I N E C T D A Y T O H A R V E T RE-ENTRY INTERVAL Pests Controlled FUNGICIDE/ANTIBIOTIC mancozeb Dithane Manzate Penncozeb Dithiocarbamate M hrs Apple scab, cedar apple rust, flyspeck, sooty blotch metiram Polyram Dithiocarbamate M Apple scab, cedar apple rust, flyspeck, sooty blotch thiabendazole Mertect Imidazole PH - torage rots (blue and grey mold)) myclobutanil Nova Triazole dry Apple & pear scab, powdery mildew, cedar apple rust penthiopyrad Fontelis Carboamide hrs Apple & pear scab, powdery mildew, cedar apple rust pyrimethanil cala Anilinopyrimidine hrs Apple & pear scab, storage rots Pantoea agglomerans strain C9-1 Pantoea agglomerans strain E325 BlightBan C9-1 Biopesticide hrs uppression of fire blight Bloomtime Biological Biopesticide hrs uppression of fire blight streptomycin sulfate treptomycin Antibiotic hrs to 14 days Fire blight sulphur Kumulus Microscopic ulphur Inorganic M Powdery mildew, apple & pear scab thiophanate-methyl enator MBC Apple & pear scab, powdery mildew trifloystrobin Flint trobilurin hrs to 4 days Apple & pear scab, powdery mildew, sooty blotch, flyspeck, cedar apple rust 11

12 Relative Toicity (1=least,5=most) Active Ingredient Product Chemical Family G R O U P M A M M A L O R A L K I N B E E T Y P H O T H E R I N E C T D A Y T O H A R V E T RE-ENTRY INTERVAL Pests Controlled INECTICIDE acetamiprid Assail Chloronicotines hrs Aphids, apple maggot, apple sawfly, leafminer, leafhoppers, codling moth, pear psylla Bacillus thuringienis Dipel 2XDF Bioprotec CAF Bt Microbial Winter moth, leafrollers carbaryl evin Carbamate White apple leafhopper, pear leaf blister mite chlorantraniliprole Altacor Ryanodine receptors hrs Codling moth, obliquebanded leafroller, leaf miner clothianidin Clutch Neonicotinoid hrs Aphids, leafhoppers, plum curculio, leafminer, pear psylla cypermethrin Ripcord Up-Cyde Pyrethroid Winter moth (N), bud moth, pale apple leafroller, tarnished plant bug, pear psylla deltamethrin Decis Pyrethroid Leafrollers, winter moth, pear psylla flonicamid Beleaf Pyridinecarboamide 9C hrs Aphids lambda cyhalothrin Matador/Warrior Pyrethroid hrs Winter moth, leafrollers, tarnished plant bug, pear psylla imidacloprid Admire/Alias Neonicotinoid hrs Rosy and green apple aphid, white apple leafhopper, mullein bug methoyfenozide Intrepid Ecdysone Disrupter dry Pale apple, obliquebanded, and three lined leafroller, pear psylla novaluron Rimon IGR Codling moth permethrin Pounce Pyrethroid Winter moth, fruitworm, bud moth, pear psylla phosmet Imidan Organophosphate 1B days Tent caterpillar, leafrollers, fruitworm, green pug moth, eyespotted budmoth, plum curculio, codling moth, apple maggot, pear psylla spinosad uccess Naturalyte hrs Obliquebanded, three lined, fruittree & European leafroller, eyespotted budmoth 12

13 INECTICIDE spinetoram Delegate Naturalyte hrs Codling moth, eye spotted bud moth, obliquebanded, and three lined leafroller, spotted tentiform leafminer spirotetramat Movento Tetronic Acid hrs Rosy apple aphid, apple aphids, pear psylla sulfoaflor Closer Neonicotinoid 4C hrs Green apple and rosy apple aphid. uppression of woolly apple aphid tebufenozide Confirm Ecdysone Disrupter hrs Obliquebanded leafroller, codling moth, winter moth, green pug moth thiacloprid Calypso Chloronicotines hrs Codling moth, plum curculio, apple maggot, mullein bug, leafhopper,spotted tentiform leafminer,aphids, apple sawfly, pear psylla thiamethoam Actara Neonicotinoid hrs Rosy apple aphid, mullein bug, spotted tentiform leafminer, plum curculio, pear psylla kaolin urround Kaolin Apple maggot, leafrollers, leafhopper, plum curculio, tarnished plant bug, first generation codling moth MITICIDE acequinocyl Kanemite Quinolinone hrs European red, two spotted spider bifenazate Acramite Carbazate hrs Two spotted spider, McDaniel and European red mites abamectin Agri-Mek Avermectin Dry All mites, pear psylla clofentezine Apollo Tetrazine European red, two spotted spider and McDaniel mite formetanate Carzol Carbamate 1A All mites, white apple leafhopper petroleum oil uperior oil European red mite, oystershell scale mineral oil Purespray Green European red mite, European fruit, lecanium, oystershell, and an Jose scale, powdery mildew pyridaben Neter Pyridazinone hrs All mites spirodiclofen Envidor Tetronic Acid hrs All mites OTHER diphacinone Ramik Brown Indandione Mice chlorophacinone Rozol Groundforce Indandione Mice zinc phosphide Waed Mouse Bait Inorganic Phosphide Mice 13

14 Apple Orchard Management chedule for Nova cotia 2013/2014 A guide to insect, mite and disease management in apple orchards -All rates are per hectare of mature ( standard ) trees or full dilute volume of about 3370 litres of water /ha. To adjust for smaller trees and higher density plantings, refer to Tree Row Volume factsheet TF or Integrated Fruit Production Guide. -All rates are based on label rates. In some cases, reduced rates can be used based on factors other than tree size. Please refer to specific notes or your agricultural advisor for details. -Always read the label before using any pesticide. Where differences between the label and this schedule occur, label information prevails. Disease and Insects Products Formulation Rate per ha Notes GREEN TIP Apple cab Use one of the following listed fungicides. Maestro upra Captan 80 DF 80 WDG 3.75 kg Do not mi with oil or strongly alkaline materials. Do not use 7 days before or after an oil application. Early season sprays may cause injury to the foliage of Red Delicious. Dithane Manzate 200 Penncozeb 75 DG 75 DF 75 DF 6.00 kg Compatible with oil. Polyram 80 DF 6.00 kg Compatible with oil. Do not mi with liquid fertilizer or hydrated lime. Allegro 500 F L Make no more than 3 sequential applications before alternating with a fungicide belonging to alternate chemical family. Make no more than 9 applications per year. Apply with a minimum of 1000 liters of water. Use higher rate for heavy disease pressure and on more susceptible cultivars. cala C L Apply at 7-12 day intervals from green tip to petal fall. Do not apply post bloom. Do not apply more than 6.0 L per hectare or more than 4 applications in a row. Apply in a minimum spray volume of 1000 L/ha. Vangard 75 WG 370 g Apply as a protectant spray on a 7 to 10 day schedule. Do not apply more than 2 applications alone. Do not apply more than 6 times per season. Do not apply more than 1.5 kg/ha of Vangard per season. Avoid drift onto cherries. For added protection and resistance management tank mi with one of the following: Polyram DF, Manzate 200 DF or Dithane DG at full rate. Equal/yllit 65 WP kg Compatible with oil. Use high rate for high disease pressure and low rate for low disease pressure. For missed infection periods, apply 3.25 kg/ha within 36 hours of infection period start. Restrict use to avoid scab resistance, alternate with other fungicides that are not in group M7. enator + Captan 70 WP 80 WP 625 g 2.00 kg Must be used as a miture to avoid scab resistance. Do not mi with lime or other alkaline materials. Do not mi the Captan miture with oil or apply 7 days before or after an oil application. If Benomyl resistance has been detected this product may be ineffective. European Red Mite Assess winter eggs on twigs and bark, refer to Pest Management Fact heet #6 or Best Management Practices for N Apple Production. uperior Oil Purespray Green pray Oil 15 mm GREEN to TIGHT CLUTER Apple cab Powdery Mildew 70 sec 13 E 65 L 65 L Use a fungicide as listed under Green Tip. Check fungicide compatibility with oil treatments for mites. Best results are obtained when applied with a high volume of water 1500 to 3370 L/ha. Do not apply oil during freezing temperatures or just following a frost. Check compatibility with fungicide. May cause bark injury on Red Delicious and Empire. If mildew was a problem during the previous growing season select an appropriate fungicide listed below. In most cases mildew treatment should begin around the tight cluster stage of bud development. Under etreme mildew pressure treatments can begin earlier. General fungicide treatments for powdery mildew will also control apple scab. Nova 40 W 340 g Only 4 applications of this product are recommended yearly for proper resistance management. Green Tip 14

15 Disease and Insects Products Formulation Rate per ha Notes Powdery Mildew ovran 50 WG g Do not make more than 2 sequential applications or more than 4 applications per year of ovran or Flint then alternate with 2 applications of a fungicide with a different mode of action. Apply at 10 to14 day intervals using the shorter interval for periods of rapid shoot growth. Use the 240 g rate for low to moderate disease pressure and 450 g for high to etreme disease pressure. Flint 50 WG g Do not apply more than 2 sequential applications of Flint or ovran. Do not apply more than 4 times per season. Pristine WG kg Do not apply more than 4 times per year. Use high rate under high disease pressure. Fontelis L Use high rate when disease pressure is high. Make no more than 2 sequential applications before switching to a fungicide of a different chemical family. Maimum seasonal use rate 4.5 L. Luna Tranquility C 600 ml Apply with a minimum water volume of 500 L/ha. Do not eceed 4 applications or 3.2 L/ha/season. Do not make more than 2 sequential applications. Will also control apple scab when used at a rate of 800 ml/ha. Microscopic ulphur Kumulus 92 G DF kg kg Do not apply within 30 days of an oil treatment. Do not apply if high temperatures (26º C+) and humidity prevail or are epected during the three days following application. Do not use on Delicious. Usage may result in elevated populations of red mite and scale. Winter Moth potted Tentiform Leafminer European Red Mite Assess larvae at this stage and refer to Pest Management Fact heet #8 or Best Management Practices for N Apple Production. Assess adult activity at this time and refer to Pest Management Fact heet # Assess winter eggs on twigs and bark. Refer to Pest Management Fact heet #6 or Best Management Practices for N Apple Production. uperior Oil Purespray Green pray Oil 70 sec 15 E 65 L 65 L Best results are obtained when applied with a high volume of water 1,500 to 3,370 L/ha. Do not apply oil during freezing temperatures or just following a frost. Check compatibility with fungicide. May cause bark injury on Red Delicious and Empire. olupacks-many pesticides have been packed into solupacks, but beware that these may not dissolve properly in the presence of oil, boron or chlorine in the spray tank. BUD EPARATION Apple cab Use one of the following listed fungicides. Allegro 500F L Make no more than 3 sequential applications before alternating with a fungicide belonging to alternate chemical family. Make no more than 9 applications per year. Apply with a minimum of 1000 liters of water. Use higher rate for heavy disease pressure and on more susceptible cultivars. Maestro upra Captan 80 DF 80 WDG 3.75 kg Do not mi with oil or strongly alkaline materials. Do not use 7 days before or after an oil application. Equal/yllit 65 WP kg Compatible with oil. Use high rate for high disease pressure and low rate low disease pressure. For missed infection periods, apply 3.25 kg/ha within 36 hours of infection period start. Restrict use to avoid scab resistance, alternate with other fungicides that are not in the M group. Dithane Manzate 200 Penncozeb 75 DG 75 DF 75 DF 6.00 kg 6.00 kg 6.00 kg Compatible with oil. Polyram 80 DF 6.00 kg Compatible with oil. Do not mi with liquid fertilizer or hydrated lime. Tight Cluster-Bud eparation 15

16 Disease and Insects Products Formulation Rate per ha Notes Apple cab cala C L Apply at 7-12 day intervals from green tip to petal fall. Do not apply post bloom. Do not apply more than 6.0 L per hectare or more than 4 applications in a row. Apply in a minimum spray volume of 1000 L/ha. Vangard 75 WG 190 g Apply as a protectant spray on a 7 to 10 day schedule. Do not apply more than 2 applications alone. Do not apply more than 6 times per season. Do not apply more than 1.5 kg/ha of Vangard per season. Avoid drift onto cherries. For added protection and resistance management tank mi with one of the following: Polyram DF,Manzate 200 DF or Dithane DG at full rate. Nova + Dithane or Polyram or Maestro 40 W DG DF 80DF 340 g 3.00 kg 3.00 kg 1.90 kg Only 4 applications of this product are recommended yearly for proper resistance management. If an infection period is missed, apply Nova at 340 g/ha as soon as possible after the infection period and within 96 hours of the start of the infection period; follow this with a second application 7 days later. This product should be tank-mied with Dithane, Polyram or Maestro for resistance management. Inspire C 292 ml Do not apply more than 2 sequential applications for proper resistance management. For added protection apply as a tank mi with one of the following, Maestro, Captan upra, Dithane, Manzate, Penncozeb, or Vangard. Do not apply more than 1.6 L /season. Pristine WG kg Do not apply more than 4 times per year. Use high rate under high disease pressure. Flint 50 WG g Do not apply more than 2 sequential applications of Flint or ovran. Do not apply more than 4 times per season. ovran 50 WG g Do not make more than 2 sequential applications of ovran then alternate with 2 applications of a fungicide with a different mode of action. Do not apply more than 4 times per season. Apply at 10 to14 day intervals using the shorter interval for periods of rapid shoot growth. Use the 360 gram rate during heavy infection periods. The 180 g rate is suggested as a protectant spray only. Do not eceed the maimum season use rate of 1.8 kg/ha per season. Caution: spray drift can be phototoic to some sweet cherry cultivars. Luna Tranquility C 800 ml Apply with a minimum water volume of 500 L/ha. Do not eceed 4 applications or 3.2 L/ha/season. Do not make more than 2 sequential applications. Will also control powdery mildew. enator + Captan 70 WP 80 WP 625 g 2.00 kg Must be used as a miture to avoid scab resistance. Do not mi with lime or other alkaline materials. If Benomyl resistance has been detected this product may be ineffective. Powdery Mildew Fruitworm Use one of the fungicides listed for 15 mm Green Tip to Tight Cluster. If treating winter moth or green pug moth, a separate treatment for fruitworm would not be necessary at this time. Imidan 50 WP 3.75 kg Do not mi with alkaline materials. Winter Moth Green Pug Moth Green pug moth seldom needs treatment. Contact an IPM advisor for advice on control of this pest. Confirm 240 F 1.00 L Application timing is tight cluster to full pink. Confirm will also suppress green pug moth, pale apple leafroller and leafminer larvae. Intrepid 240 F 0.75 L Application timing is tight cluster to full pink. Intrepid will also suppress green pug moth, pale apple leafroller and leafminer larvae. Dipel + Ripcord 2X DF 400 EC 280 g 12.5 ml Application timing is late tight cluster to early pink. More effective on early instar caterpillars. Less disruptive to predatory mites than other synthetic pyrethroids. Only one application per year. Bud eparation 16

17 Disease and Insects Products Formulation Rate per ha Notes Winter Moth Green Pug Moth Bioprotec + Ripcord CAF 400 EC 700 ml 12.5 ml Application timing is late tight cluster to early pink. Less disruptive to predatory mites than other synthetic pyrethroids. Only one application per year. Imidan 50 WP 3.75 kg Do not mi with strongly alkaline materials. Matador Warrior 120 EC 83 ml Pyrethroids are disruptive to IPM programs leading to mite flare ups and therefore should be avoided. Ripcord is somewhat less disruptive to predatory mites while Decis is broad spectrum and one of the most powerful synthetic pyrethroids. Avoid applying synthetic pyrethroids when temperatures rise above 20 C because their activity is greatly reduced. Ripcord 400 EC 125 ml Decis 5.0 EC 150 ml Rosy Apple Aphid Pounce 384 EC 260 ml Assess at this time. Refer to Pest Management Fact heet # 10 or Best Management Practices for N Apple Production. Assail 70 WP g Use high rate under heavy pressure. Do not apply more than 4 times a year or eceed 960 g of product per season. Actara 25 WG 160 g Only make one prebloom application with a maimum of 2 applications per season. A minimum spray volume of 1000 litres of water is recommended for standard trees. Toic to bees and should not be applied to flowering crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment area. Calypso 480 C ml Use higher rates for greater pest populations and/or dense foliage. Do not apply more than three times per year and a total of 875 ml. Thorough spray coverage of foliage is essential for optimum control. Beleaf 50 G g Use higher rates for greater pest populations and/or dense foliage. Do not apply more than three times per year and a total of 480 g. Thorough spray coverage of foliage is essential for optimum control. Closer C ml Do not apply when bloom is present or when flowering weeds are present. Do not apply more than twice per year. Movento 240 C ml Maimum amount of product that can be applied per growing season is 1.83 L/ha. Apply with a minimum water volume of 500 L/ha. Use high rate for moderate to high pest pressure. Apple cab Use one of the fungicides listed under bud separation. PINK Powdery Mildew Use one of the fungicides listed for 15 mm Green Tip to Tight Cluster. Bud eparation-pink 17

18 Disease and Insects Products Formulation Rate per ha Notes Mites Rosy Apple Aphid Obliquebanded Leafroller BLOOM Apple cab Insects Mites Pollination Wild Apple Trees Fire Blight Assess mites and mite eggs on leaves. Treat only when thresholds are reached. Acramite 50 W g Apply lower rate (2 pouches/2 acres) for two-spotted mite and high rate (3 pouches/2 acres) for European red mite. Apply only once per year. Primarily active on motile stage of mites. Apollo 500 C ml One application per year. Longer protection will be obtained when applied at the Caly stage of fruit development. Assess at this time. Refer to Pest Management Fact heet # 10 or Best Management Practices for N Apple Production. Assail 70 WP g Use high rate under heavy pressure. Do not apply more than 4 times a year or eceed 960 g of product per season. Actara 25 WG 160 g Only make one prebloom application with a maimum of 2 applications per season. A minimum spray volume of 1000 litres of water is recommended for standard trees. Toic to bees and should not be applied to flowering crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment area. Beleaf 50 G g Use higher rates for greater pest populations and/or dense foliage. Do not apply more than three times per year and a total of 480 g. Thorough spray coverage of foliage is essential for optimum control. Calypso 480 C ml Use higher rates for greater pest populations and/or dense foliage. Do not apply more than three times per year and a total of 875 ml. Thorough spray coverage of foliage is essential for optimum control. Closer C ml Do not apply when bloom is present or when flowering weeds are present. Do not apply more than twice per year. Movento 240 C ml Maimum amount of product that can be applied per growing season is 1.83 L/ha. Apply with a minimum water volume of 500 L/ha. Use high rate for moderate to high pest pressure. Assess at this time. Refer to Pest Management Fact heet 16. Leafrollers are often controlled by pesticides that are applied at this time of year for more serious insect pests. If a specific treatment is required to control a high overwintering population of leafroller then select one of the following pesticides. Altacor 35 WG g Apply when overwintering larvae are active and before they roll up in leaves. Pink through petal fall. Delegate WG g Use high rate for high insect pressure or large larvae. Application timing same as above. Confirm 240 F 1.00L Maimum of 4 applications per season. If split application is used (0.5 L/ha), apply second application 10 to 14 days after the initial treatment. uccess 480 C 182 ml Apply with a sufficient volume of water to thoroughly wet foliage. Repeat application in 10 to 14 days if monitoring indicates. Do not apply more than three times per season for leafroller control. Do not apply more than 546 ml of product per year. If possible, avoid all sprays during bloom. Otherwise, use only bee-safe fungicides (not Polyram) and apply at night. Use one of the recommended fungicides listed under Pink. DO NOT UE INECTICIDE DURING BLOOM. DO NOT UE MITICIDE DURING BLOOM. Place bee hives (2-3 per hectare) in orchards at 10% bloom. Flag during bloom for later removal to help with apple maggot control. Use CougarBlight or Maryblyt prediction models to determine the risk of fire blight infections during the bloom period. ee net page for product choices when risk is high. Pink-Bloom 18

19 Disease and Insects Products Formulation Rate per ha Notes Fire Blight treptomycin g/1,000 L Apply prior to a wetting period when there is a high risk of infection. Most effective when applied as a dilute spray and not in a tank mi. Re-application is needed in two to three days if warm wet conditions (20ºC) prevail. Do not apply more than three times per season. CALYX Apple cab Powdery Mildew Winter Moth Fruitworms Apple Leafrollers Mites BlightBan C g Use high rate under conditions of high disease pressure. Apply at 15-20% bloom followed by a second application at full bloom. Copper-based products are incompatible with BlightBan. Bloomtime Biological g Use high rate under conditions of high disease pressure. Apply at 15-20% bloom followed by a second application at full bloom. Copper-based products are incompatible with Bloomtime. Blossom Protect WG 1 package Rate is based upon 2 m canopy height. Apply up to 5 times based upon Maryblyt risk of infection. Apply with 1000L of water. Use one of the recommended fungicides listed for Pink. Use one of the fungicides listed for 15 mm Green Tip to Tight Cluster. Assess and refer to Pest Management Fact heets #8 and #14 or Best Management Practices for N Apple Production. Pre-bloom treatments of Confirm for winter moth or leafroller may have an impact on fruitworm. Imidan 50 WP 3.75 kg Assess at this time for Pale apple, Obliquebanded, Fruittree or Threelined leafroller. These leafrollers are often adequately controlled by treatments for other larval insects. Altacor 35 WG g Apply when overwintering larvae are active and before they roll up in leaves. Pink through petal fall. Delegate WG g Use high rate for high insect pressure or large larvae. Application timing same as above. uccess 480 C 182 ml Do not apply more than 546 ml of product per year. Confirm 240 F 1.00 L Intrepid 240 F 0.75 L Application timing is late bloom to early petal fall. Matador/Warrior 120 EC 83 ml Ripcord is somewhat less disruptive to predatory mites, while Decis is broad spectrum and one of the most powerful synthetic Ripcord 400 EC 125 ml pyrethroids. Pyrethroids are disruptive to IPM programs and therefore should be avoided. Avoid applying synthetic pyrethroids when temperatures rise above 20 C as their activity is greatly reduced. Decis 5.0 EC 200 ml Assess active mites and mite eggs on leaves. Treat only when thresholds are reached. Apollo will not control apple rust mite, which is generally considered a good food source for predatory mites. Acramite 50 W g Apply lower rate (2 pouches/2 acres) for two spotted spider mite and high rate (3 pouches/2 acres) for European red mite. Apply only once per year. Primarily active on motile stage of mites. Apollo 500 C ml Apply within14 days of petal fall. One application per year. Agri-Mek + uperior Oil 1.9 EC 70 sec 750 ml + 10 L Works best if applied just after petal fall. May cause russeting on Golden Delicious and other light-skinned varieties. Do not apply with Captan or within 14 days of a Captan application. Do not apply more than once per season. Apply with a minimum of 1000 L of water/ha. Envidor 240 C 750 ml Only use post bloom and once per year. Apply with a minimum of 1000 L of water/ha. Works on eggs, all nymphal stages and adult females. Bloom-Cayl 19

20 Disease and Insects Products Formulation Rate per ha Notes Mites Kanemite 15 C 2.1 L Do not apply more than twice per season. Effective on all life stages of European red and two-spotted mites. Apply with a minimum of 1000 L of water/ha. Rosy Apple Aphid tinging Bugs Assess at this time. Refer to Pest Management Fact heet # 10- Thresholds for Rosy Apple Aphids in Nova cotia, or Best Management Practices for N Apple Production. Actara 25 WG 160 g A maimum of 2 applications per season. A minimum spray volume of 1000 litres of water is recommended for standard trees. Toic to bees and should not be applied to flowering crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment area. Admire/Alias 240 FLO 230 ml Will also control green aphid and white apple leafhopper. Do not apply more than twice a year. Apply with a high volume of water. Uniform coverage is necessary for optimal control. Assail 70 WP g Use high rate under heavy pressure. Do not apply more than 4 times a year or eceed 960 g of product per season. Beleaf 50 G g Use higher rates for greater pest populations and/or dense foliage. Do not apply more than three times per year and a total of 480 g. Thorough spray coverage of foliage is essential for optimum control. Calypso 480 C ml Use higher rates for greater pest populations and/or dense foliage. Do not apply more than three times per year and a total of 875 ml. Thorough spray coverage of foliage is essential for optimum control. Closer C ml Do not apply when bloom is present or when flowering weeds are present. Do not apply more than twice per year. Clutch 50 WDG g Do not apply more than 2 applications per season and do not eceed 420 g/ha/season. Will also control green aphid and white apple leafhopper. Toic to bees and should not be applied to flowering crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment area. Movento 240 C ml Maimum amount of product that can be applied per growing season is 1.83 L/ha. Apply with a minimum water volume of 500 L/ha. Use high rate for moderate to high pest pressure. Assess as close to petal fall as possible. Consult with crop advisor as pesticides applied at this time of year for other pests may provide control of stinging bugs. Admire/Alias 240 FLO 380 ml Will also control green aphid and white apple leafhopper. Do not apply more than twice a year. Apply with a high volume of water. Uniform coverage is necessary for optimal control. Calypso 480 C Apply for mullein bug when nymphs have reached an economic threshold. econd application may be required 7 to 14 days later if there is etended emergence. Ripcord 400 EC 250 ml Pyrethroids are less toic to New Zealand typhs and are rated as 1 (least toic). Ripcord and Cymbush are less disruptive to predatory mites, while Decis is broad spectrum and one of the most powerful synthetic pyrethroids. Pyrethroids are disruptive to Matador 120 EC 83 ml IPM programs leading to mite flare ups and therefore should be avoided. Warrior Avoid applying synthetic pyrethroids when temperatures rise above 20 C as their activity is greatly reduced Decis 5.0 EC 200 ml Cayl 20

21 Disease and Insects Products Formulation Rate per ha Notes White Apple Leafhopper Assess at this time. Refer to Pest Management Fact heet # European Apple awfly FIRT COVER Apple cab Admire/Alias 240 FLO 200 ml Do not apply more than twice a year. Apply with a high volume of water to obtain uniform coverage for optimal control. Assail 70 WP g Use high rate under heavy pressure. Do not apply more than 4 times a year or eceed 960 g of product per season. Calypso 480 FLO Apply once threshold has been reached. Clutch 50 WDG g Do not apply more than 2 applications per season and do not eceed 420 g/ha/season. Will also control Rosy and green aphid. Toic to bees and should not be applied to flowering crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment area. evin XLR Plus 2.30 L Unless thinning of apples is desired, do not use within 30 days of full bloom. Treat as a special spray where there has been a history of damage Assail 70 WP g Adequate spray coverage is required for optimal control. Use high rate under heavy pressure. Do not apply more than 4 times a year or eceed 960 g of product per season Calypso 480 C ml Apply at late petal. In mied blocks do not apply to those cultivars still in bloom. Use higher rates for greater pest populations and/or dense foliage. Do not apply more than three times per year and a total of 875 ml. Thorough spray coverage of foliage is essential for optimum control. Use one of the recommended fungicides listed under Pink. Codling Moth Hang pheromone traps at this time (1 trap per 2 hectares). Approimate date June 10. Mites Assess mites and mite eggs on leaves. Treat only when thresholds are reached Acramite 50 W g Apply lower rate (2 pouches/2 acres) for twospotted spider mite and high rate (3 pouches/ 2 acres) for European red mite. Apply only once per year. Primarily active on motile stage of mites. Agri-Mek + uperior Oil 1.9 EC 70 sec 750 ml 10 L Works best if applied within 14 days of petal fall. Do not use 7 days before or after an oil application. May cause russeting on Golden Delicious and other light-skinned varieties. Do not apply with Captan or within 14 days of a Captan application. Do not apply more than once per season. Apply with a minimum of 1000 L of water/ha. Neter 75 WP g Use the higher end of rate range to control high populations of twospotted spider mite. Effective against immature stages but not eggs. Apply with a minimum of 1000 L of water per hectare. For resistance management limit use to one application per season. Envidor 240 C 750 ml Only use post bloom and once per year. Apply with a minimum of 1000 L of water/ha. Works on eggs, all nymphal stages and adult females. Kanemite 15 C 2.1 L Do not apply more than twice per season. Effective on all life stages of European red and two-spotted mites. Apply with a minimum of 1000 L of water/ha. Carzol 92 P 1.10 kg Broad spectrum, not recommend for IPM. Will also control leaf hopper at this time. Hydrolyzes rapidly in alkaline solution. Cayl-First Cover 21

22 Disease and Insects Products Formulation Rate per ha Notes ECOND COVER Apple cab Codling Moth Codling Moth Decision Table Use one of the recommended fungicides listed for Pink. Rates can be adjusted (ecept for Confirm & Intrepid) according to trap captures (ee Codling Moth Decision Table, below) Altacor 35 WG g Apply just prior to first egg hatch ( degree days after the biofi date). Apply with a minimum of 450 L/ha. Watch newsletter for timing. Rimon 10 EC L Apply with 1000 L of water. Apply at 100 degree days after biofi just prior to or after egg laying. Use the lower rate on trees that are less than 3 m in height and the higher rate on trees 3 m and larger in height. ee label for adjusting rates based upon volume of water per hectare. Calypso 480 C ml Apply during peak egg laying or just prior to egg hatch. Use low rate for low to moderate pest pressure. Confirm 240 F 1.00 L Apply at 200 degree days after biofi or first egg hatch (3-6 days prior to other controls) and possibly again in days. Do not apply in less than 1000 L of water per hectare. Watch newsletter for timing. Intrepid 240 F 1.0 L Apply at 200 degree days after biofi or first egg hatch (3-6 days prior to other controls) and possibly again in days. Do not apply in less than 1000 L of water per hectare. Watch newsletter for timing. Delegate WG 420 g Apply at 200 degree days after biofi or first egg hatch (3-6 days prior to other controls) and possibly again in days. Do not apply in less than 1000 L of water per hectare. Watch newsletter for timing. Assail 70 WP g Use high rate under heavy pressure. Do not apply more than 4 times a year or eceed 960 g of product per season. Imidan 50 WP 3.75 kg Target 3% egg hatch based on degree days. Cumulative Codling Moth Trap Capture Percent of Full Crop 10-20% 21-50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% /4 rate /4 rate 1/4 rate 1/4 rate 1/4 rate /4 rate 1/4 rate 1/4 rate 1/4 rate 1/4 rate 1/4 rate 1/4 rate /2 rate 1/2 rate 1/2 rate 1/2 rate 1/2 rate 1/2 rate 1/2 rate econd Cover-Codling Moth Decision Table 22

23 Disease and Insects Products Formulation Rate per ha Notes THIRD COVER Apple cab Apple Maggot Depending on primary scab season length and freedom from primary infections, rates of broad spectrum fungicides may be reduced. Use one of the following listed fungicides. Maestro upra Captan 80 DF 80 WDG kg Do not mi with strongly alkaline materials without adjusting ph. Allegro 500 F L Make no more than 3 sequential applications before alternating with a fungicide belonging to alternate chemical family. Make no more than 9 applications per year. Apply with a minimum of 1000 liters of water. Use higher rate for heavy disease pressure and on more susceptible cultivars. enator + Captan 70 WP 80 WP 625 g 2.00 kg Must be used as a miture to avoid scab resistance. Do not mi with lime or other alkaline materials. If Benomyl resistance has been detected this product may be ineffective. Equal/yllit 65 WP 2.25 kg Restrict use to avoid scab resistance, alternate with other fungicides. Polyram 80 DF kg Dithane Manzate 200 Penncozeb 75 DG 75 DF 75 DF kg Allegro 500 F L Make no more than 3 sequential applications before alternating with a fungicide belonging to alternate chemical family. Make no more than 9 applications per year. Apply with a minimum of 1000 liters of water. Use higher rate for heavy disease pressure and on more susceptible cultivars. Hang traps in early July. Monitoring traps will determine when first maggot flies appear and when control is needed. It is recommended that yellow cards be replaced after 30 days of field eposure. Assail 70 WP g Use high rate under heavy pressure. Do not apply more than 4 times a year or eceed 960 g of product per season. urround WP kg Make 2 applications 7 days before epected egg laying or at first trap captures. Continue applications every 7-14 days to keep fruit completely covered until late August. Base rates on tree-row-volume. Calypso 480 C 440 ml Apply based upon trap captures. Imidan 50 WP 3.75 kg Consult with crop advisor on reduced rates. European Red, Two- potted and Rust Mites Assess mites and mite eggs on leaves. Treat only when thresholds are reached. Apple rust mite is generally considered a good food source for predatory mites and treatment is recommended only when populations are high enough to significantly stress foliage. If treatment is required for rust mite only, miticide rates can be reduced. Acramite 50 W g Apply lower rate (2 pouches/2 acres) for twospotted spider mite and high rate (3 pouches/2 acres) for European red mite. Apply only once per year. Primarily active on motile stage of mites. Carzol 92 P 1.10 kg Broad spectrum, not recommended for IPM programs and it is very harsh on typhs. Hydrolyzes rapidly in alkaline solution. Envidor 240 C 750 ml Only use post bloom and once per year. Apply with a minimum of 1000 L of water/ha. Works on eggs, all nymphal stages and adult females. Third Cover 23

24 Disease and Insects Products Formulation Rate per ha Notes Mites Kanemite 15 C 2.1 L Do not apply more than twice per season. Effective on all life stages of European red and two-spotted mites. Apply with a minimum of 1000 L of water/ha. Codling Moth FOURTH COVER Eyespotted Bud Moth potted Tentiform Leafminer Apple cab cooty Blotch Fly peck Apple Maggot Neter 75 WP g Use the higher end of rate range to control high populations of two-spotted spider mite. Effective against immature stages but not eggs. Apply with a minimum of 1000 L of water per hectare. For resistance management limit use to one application per season. Rates (ecept Confirm & Intrepid) may be reduced according to the Codling Moth Decision Table found in econd Cover. Generally, a second treatment is only needed after 10 or more moths have been trapped following the first treatment. Treatments (ecept urround) for apple maggot at this time would also control codling moth. Assail 70 WP g Use high rate under heavy pressure. Do not apply more than 4 times a year or eceed 960 g of product per season. Imidan 50 WP 3.75 kg Calypso 480 C ml Use low rate for low to moderate pest pressure. Confirm 240 F 1.00 L Intrepid 240 F 1.00 L Delegate WG 420 g Do not apply in less than 1000 L of water per hectare. May also be controlled by organophosphates targeted at other pests during this time. Monitor and assess mines for parasitism, refer to Pest Management Fact heet # Use a fungicide listed under Third Cover. Use a fungicide that controls apple scab as well as sooty blotch and fly speck. Clean out or replace traps after first treatment. Monitoring traps will determine when and if additional control is needed. Assail 70 WP g Use high rate under heavy pressure. Do not apply more than 4 times a year or eceed 960 g of product per season. urround WP kg Continue applications every 7-14 days to keep fruit completely covered until late August. Base rates on tree row volume. Calypso 480 C 440 ml Apply based upon trap captures. Imidan 50 WP 3.75 kg Consult with crop advisor on reduced rates. European Red and Twospotted Mites Assess mites and mite eggs on leaves. Treat only when thresholds are reached. Acramite 50 W g Apply lower rate (2 pouches/2 acres) for two-spotted spider mite and high rate (3 pouches/2 acres) for European red mite. Apply only once per year. Primarily active on motile stage of mites. Carzol 92 P 1.10 kg Broad spectrum, not recommend for IPM. Very harsh on typhs. Hydrolyzes rapidly in alkaline solution. Envidor 240 C 750 ml Only use post bloom and once per year. Apply with a minimum of 1000 L of water/ha. Works on eggs, all nymphal stages and adult females. Kanemite 15 C 2.1 L Do not apply more than twice per season. Effective on all life stages European red and two-spotted mites. Apply with a minimum of 1000 L of water/ha. Fourth Cover 24

25 Disease and Insects Products Formulation Rate per ha Notes Neter 75 WP g Use the higher end of rate range to control high populations of two-spotted spider mite. Effective against immature stages but not eggs. Apply with a minimum of 1000 L of water per hectare. For resistance management limit use to one application per season. Codling Moth Treat as in Third Cover if captures warrant. Assail 70 WP g Use high rate under heavy pressure. Do not apply more than 4 times a year or eceed 960 g of product per season. Imidan 50 WP 3.75 kg White Apple Leafhopper Asses at this time. Carzol treatments for mites will also control leafhopper. Treat when population reaches an average of one nymph per leaf based on a 100 leaf count. AUGUT to NOVEMBER Leaf Tissue Analysis Assail 70 WP g Use high rate under heavy pressure. Do not apply more than 4 times a year or eceed 960 g of product per season. Admire/Alias 240 FLO 200 ml Do not apply more than twice a year. Apply with a high volume of water. Uniform coverage is necessary for optimal control. Calypso 480 C ml Use high rate under heavy pressure. Clutch 50 WDG g Do not apply more than 2 applications per season and do not eceed 420 g/ha/season. Will also control green aphid. Toic to bees and should not be applied to flowering crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment area. evin XLR 1.20 L Collect samples the first week of August. torage Rots Preharvest controls should only be necessary in wet seasons and/or when summer disease control was inadequate. cala C L/ha Apply a single application 2 weeks prior to harvest for control of botrytis and suppression of penicillium. Use higher rate if there is a history of high disease pressure in the orchard or storage. Captan Maestro 80 WP 80 DF kg kg torage Rots - Postharvest Control Control of blue and grey mold. cholar 50 WP 600 g/1000l Post harvest dip (blue and grey mold) Mertect C 1 L/ 1000L Post harvest dip. Mice Assess and treat when populations warrant. Ramik Brown 2 X 11 kg Apply after harvestable fruit has been removed. Make 2 applications at 11 kg/ha days apart, no later than March 1. Post areas. Make inaccessible to children, pets and wildlife. Rozol Groundforce kg Repeat application in days where infestation is high. Zinc Phosphide Bait kg Apply in early fall or prior to snow. Base broadcast rate on infestation levels, or use 25 bait stations/ha of 15 g each. August to November 25