Insect Control Update

Transcription

1 Insect Control Update Diane Alston Entomologist, Utah State University Utah State Horticultural Association Annual Convention January 31, 2012 Springville, UT

2 Insect Control Update Spotted Wing Drosophila & Cherry Fruit Fly Insecticides Killing Stations and Bait Trees for Cherry Fruit Fly A New Insecticide for Rosy Apple Aphid Pheromone Technologies for Prionus Root Borer 2011 Top Secondary Insect Pests Fruittree Leafroller White Apple Leafhopper Peach Silver Mite Earwig management in peaches Drew Tebeau, PhD Student A potpourri

3 Spotted Wing Drosophila Update 2011: 60 flies caught in 3 Davis Co. fruit sites (36 sites) Fruit Heights & Kaysville Trap catches: mid Sep to late Oct 2010: 73 flies, Kaysville (10 sites) mid Aug to late Nov Timing for control: ripe fruit present just before harvest, during harvest, post-harvest Male Female Ovipositor

4 Oregon Sweet Cherry SWD Insecticide Recommendations Harvest Time Product Common Name REI PHI Assail 30SG/70WP acetamiprid 12 h 7 d Delegate 25WG spinetoram 4 h 7 d Entrust 80WP Org spinosad 4 h 7 d Malathion 8EC malathion 12 h 3 d Provado 1.6F imidacloprid 1 appl 12 h 7 d Sevin 4F carbaryl 12 h 3 d Success 2L spinosad 4 h 7 d Post-Harvest Clean-up: Dimethoate Emergency Use Only (Restricted Use; toxic to beneficials; mite flare): Asana, Baythroid, Diazinon, Pounce, Proaxis, Warrior Shearer, Long, and Castagnoli, 2011

5 Susceptibility of WCFF to Insecticides Harvest Time Mustang Max, Malathion, Delegate Wee Yee (USDA-ARS, Wapato, WA) Reproductively mature (RM) flies are present (harvest time): Must kill ~78% of RM flies within 2 hr to prevent oviposition Mustang Max (zeta-cypermethrin) most effective; fast knock-down; contact, walking on residues (coverage) Female with eggs Malathion and Delegate (spinetoram) slower acting; contact, walking on residues (full coverage) Yee and Alston, 2011

6 2012 Research Plans Develop Comprehensive Fruit Fly Program for Tart Cherry Cherry fruit fly Spotted wing drosophila insecticide control programs Classes of insecticides Timing Focus on harvest-time & post-harvest

7 SWD Monitoring! utahpests.usu.edu

8 Fruit Fly Killing Stations WCFF 36 inch diameter plastic plant pot saucers Yellow color attracts flies Protects GF-120 from sunlight & rainfall Dr. Jaime Pinero, Lincoln Univ. of Missouri

9 Killing Station Density GF-120 (20%) KS density Mean no. of WCFF larvae emerged per 100 fruit Jul 7 (pre trial) Jul 14 Jul 21 Jul 28 Aug 5 9 per acre per acre per acre

10 Applications for Killing Stations WCFF hot-spots, borders adjacent to outside sources, & supplemental treatments in organic orchards

11 Bait Trees with CFF Pressure Actara (thiamethoxam)* + sugar (4% or 10%) vs. 20% GF-120 vs. Untreated control 225 ml per tree * Neonicotinoid Applied: Weekly & Biweekly

12 Bait Trees WCFF Control Treatment # larvae per 100 fruits 2010 Untreated control 1.6 a Actara + 10% sugar (weekly) 0.4 b 20% GF 120 (weekly) 0.6 b 2011 Untreated control 3.8 ab Actara + 4% sugar (weekly) 0.2 c Actara + 4% sugar (biweekly) 0.8 bc 20% GF 120 (weekly) 0.3 c 20% GF 120 (biweekly) 4.2 ab

13 Rosy Apple Aphid - early season pest: bloom to early summer - curl & twist leaves, distort shoots - stunt & deform fruits - by mid summer, migrate to weed hosts (plantain & dock) - sporadic pest; severe injury if unchecked - neonicotinoid is primary class used for control - need for bloom-time spray; safe for bees

14 Flupyradifurone Sivanto 200SL Bayer CropScience new class: Butenolide stemofoline (Stemona japonica) Asia & Australasia traditional Chinese medicine nicotinic AChR agonist systemic (foliar & soil) fast uptake translaminar movement sucking insects Bloom-time applications 2014 registration anticipated

15 Methods 2-acre Gala and Fuji apple blocked by cultivar infested plots with RAA plot size: Single row X 3 trees RCBD, 4 replicates at least 1 untreated buffer row between plots treatments applied once on June 10 th Apple fruitlets 1/4-1/3 inch diam Sivanto (BYI): 1.8 to 7.0 oz/acre Calypso, Admire Pro (+ 0.25% HO) orchard air blast sprayer 140 psi, 100 gpa

16 Aphid Sampling pre-trt & approx. weekly for 4 wk post-trt sampled center tree per plot two sample types: # of aphid-infested shoots per tree RAA and GAA # of aphids & predators per shoot for 5 infested shoots per tree

17 * Indicates dates with sig. diffs. among trts. [ANOVA (Proc Mixed, SAS) & Tukey s test]

18 * Indicates dates with sig. diffs. among trts. [ANOVA (Proc Mixed, SAS) & Tukey s test]

19 * Indicates dates with sig. diffs. among trts. [ANOVA (Proc Mixed, SAS) & Tukey s test]

20 Syrphid egg (above) and larva (courtesy of E. Beers)

21 Prionus Root Borer Long-horned beetle Native to western North America trees, shrubs, vines apple, rose, lilac, oak, hop (UT - sweet cherry, peach) females oviposit on/in soil near base of hosts larvae feed on roots, 3-5 yr life cycle injury - decreased nutrient uptake, water stress, reduced growth orchards tree decline & mortality, reduced orchard longevity more common in sandy soils > 4 inches!!

22 Prionus Root Borer Few effective controls fumigation, fallow 2-3 yrs no biocontrol or HPR Adults are crepuscular Jun to Sep 1 2 ¼ in long males are active fliers; highly serrate antennae Live 2-3 wk (lab), do not feed Female (left) and male adults

23 Prionus Pheromone ID & synthesis of femaleproduced sex pheromone 3,5-dimethyldodecanoic acid MD: Pacific Biocontrol Isomate dispenser 100 dispensers/acre single appl. (Jun 20 th ), season longevity Lures: Contech Enterprises 30 mg (98% pure) 0.1 mg research lure

24 Bucket Traps

25 2011 Plot Design Sweet Cherry 100 MD dispensers/acre Untreated Prevailing Wind 0.1 mg pheromone lure baited bucket trap (replace lure weekly) Contech pheromone lure baited bucket trap (replace lure every 4 weeks or every 2 weeks in 1 of 2 Contech traps in 2 additional trapping orchards Rotate lure positions on bucket traps in a clockwise direction weekly (bucket traps will remain in place and lures will be rotated) Collect beetles from traps weekly

26 MD Results Replicate % trap shutdown 1 55% 2 94% Total 90% Prionus californicus mating disruption in sweet cherry, UT. Male capture in bucket traps baited with Contech (brown) pheromone lures (2 replicate traps per orchard). Mean # of males per bucket trap per week Jun 4 Jul 11 Jul 18 Jul 25 Jul 1 Aug 8 Aug 15 Aug 22 Aug 29 Aug 5 Sep 12 Sep 19 Sep MD Tagge MD Barker Unt Sumida Unt Nielson #1 ANOVA Comparison MD treated Untreated Mean total per trap 1.6 b 16.0 a

27 Lure Comparison & Longevity Results ANOVA Comparison Mean total per trap 30 mg lure (brown) 3.3 a 0.1 mg lure (clear) 0.3 b Comparison of Prionus lure type and longevity for Contech (brown) vs. 0.1 mg (clear) lures in two sweet cherry orchards, UT (no mating disruption). 30 mg lure 2 wk mg lure 4 wk 3.4 Mean # of males per bucket trap per week Clear 1 wk Brown 2 wk 27 Jun 4 Jul 11 Jul 18 Jul 25 Jul 1 Aug 8 Aug 15 Aug 22 Aug 29 Aug 5 Sep 12 Sep 19 Sep Brown 4 wk

28 Conclusions & Implications Prionus Root Borer MD & mass-trapping show promise MD: 90% trap shutdown 3-5 year life cycle: > 1 yr trt. Bucket Traps: 338 P. californicus caught in 6 sweet cherry orchards In 4 non-md orchards: Contech 30 mg lures: 31.0 males/trap Research 0.1 mg lures: 8.1 males/trap Contech lure lasts at least 4 weeks

29 Problem Secondary Pests in 2011 Fruittree Leafroller Early August Early tart cherry harvest Reason: Orchards with no or few broad-spectrum insecticides Guthion, Imidan

30 Fruittree Leafroller Black head & thoracic shield Front margin of thoracic shield cream to white Reason: Delayed phenology in 2011 cool weather: larval period overlapped with cherry harvest

31 History on FTLR Populations Year # moths per trap for summer flight # traps Timing of peak flight Early July Late June Early June Mid to late July Prevention: Monitor moths Scout leaves & fruit Insecticides: Synthetic pyrethroids Sevin Malathion

32 Problem Secondary Pests in 2011 White Apple Leafhopper Reasons: Reduction in use of Sevin for apple thinning; timing didn t coincide with WALH nymphs; build-up in population cycle; other reasons?

33 Problem Secondary Pests in 2011 Peach Silver Mite Reasons: Use of synthetic pyrethroids in peach for aphids & cat-facing insects has killed predatory mites; cooler & wetter weather pattern; other reasons?

34 Acknowledgements Funding: UT Specialty Crop Block Grant Prog. (USDA) UT State Horticultural Association UT Agricultural Experiment Station Agrichemical Industry Researchers: Cory Stanley (SWD) Wee Yee (WCFF Bait Trees) Jaime Pinero (Killing Stations) James Barbour & Michael Pace (Prionus) Marion Murray (FTLR) Thor Lindstrom (RAA) Many fruit growers!

35 Grower Survey Data on impacts required by SCBG program Feedback identifies industry priorities Feedback guides USU future research directions Please take a few minutes to answer the survey questions (front & back of page) Best estimates are all that is needed Thank You!