PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ON THIN-WHITETOPPING

Transcription

1 IJRET: Itratioal Joural of Rsarch i Egirig a Tchology ISSN: pissn: PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ON THIN-WHITETOPPING BN Skaa kumar 1, Suhas R 2, Bhava V 3 1 Assistat profssor, Civil girig partmt, Dayaaa Sagar Collg of Egirig, Baglor-60078, Visvsvaraya Tchological Uivrsity Blgaum, Iia 2 Assistat profssor, Costructio tchology partmt, Dayaaa Sagar Collg of Egirig, Baglor , Visvsvaraya Tchological Uivrsity Blgaum, Iia 3 Stut of M-Tch, Civil girig partmt, Dayaaa Sagar Collg of Egirig, Baglor-60078, Visvsvaraya Tchological Uivrsity Blgaum, Iia Abstract Whittoppig is a pavmt systm of Portla Cmt Cocrt (PCC) plac o asphalt cocrt pavmt Whittoppig is us to arss istrsss i asphalt pavmt such as ruttig a shovig Whittoppig ovrlay projcts ar built i Iia from 2003 to 2013 but to at, thr has b o spcific follow-up rgarig thir prformac I this stuy, Prformac Evaluatio stuis ar couct to trmi fuctioal a structural coitio of a whittoppig ovrlay which has th purpos of routi moitorig or plaig th corrctiv actio Whr i structural valuatio is o by couctig Bklma Bam Dflctio (BBD) stuis, Takig out cor sampls a subjctig thm UPV a Rbou hammr tsts a also vlopig a thortical mol through Fiit Elmt Aalysis usig STAAD Pro softwar Th fuctioal valuatio of this pavmt is o by collctig traffic ata a also riig quality is masur usig MERLIN a Visual Ratig is giv as suggst by Amrica Associatio of Stat Highway a Trasport Officials (AASHTO) *** INTRODUCTION Portla Cmt Cocrt (PCC) ovrlay o a xistig bitumious pavmt is commoly kow as Whit toppig Th pricipal purpos of a ovrlay is ithr to rstor or to icras th loa carryig capacity or both, of th xistig pavmt I achivig this objctiv, ovrlays also rstor th ri-ability of th xistig pavmts which hav suffr ruttig a formatios, i aitio to rctifyig othr fcts such as loss of txtur [4] maatory To sur this, th xistig layr of bitum is ithr mill (to a pth of 2 mm) or surfac scrapp (with a o-impact scrappr) or gtly chisl Joits ar provi at a spacig of 06 to 12 m Cocrt ovrlays hav b us to rhabilitat bitumious pavmts sic 1918 i USA Thr has b a rw itrst i whit toppig, particularly o Thi Whit Toppig (TWT) a Ultra-Thi Whit Toppig (UTWT) ovr Covtioal Whit Toppig Bas o th typs of itrfac provi a th thickss of ovrlay, classificatio is as follows [4] : i) Covtioal Whit toppig which cosists of PCC ovrlay of thickss 200 mm or mor, which is sig & costruct without cosiratio of ay bo btw xistig ovrlay & urlyig bitumious layr (without assumig ay composit actio) ii) Thi Whit toppig (TWT) which has PCC ovrlay btw mm It is sig ithr cosirig bo btw ovrlay & urlyig bitumious layr or without cosiratio of bo High strgth cocrt (M 40 or highr) is ormally us to tak car of flxur rquirmt Joits ar at shortr spacig of 06 to 12 m iii) Ultra-Thi Whit toppig (UTWT) which has PCC ovrlay of lss tha 100 mm Boig btw ovrlay & urlyig bitumious layr is Fig 1 Shows Typical viw of Whittoppig Prformac valuatios ar couct to trmi fuctioal a structural coitio of a pavmt ithr for a purpos of routi moitorig or pla corrctiv actio Fuctioal coitio is primarily cocr with th ri quality or surfac txtur a its charactristics of a pavmt Structural coitio is cocr with th structural capacity of pavmt as masur by flctio, layr thickss, matrial proprtis, mchaistic-mpirical sig of rhabilitatio altrativs Volum: 03 Issu: 07 Jul-2014, 39

2 IJRET: Itratioal Joural of Rsarch i Egirig a Tchology ISSN: pissn: Us of Fallig Wight Dflctomtr (FWD) for th valuatio of pavmts is gaiig popularity i may coutris, as it is possibl to simulat th magitu a uratio of loa appli by a fast movig vhicl o highways usig this quipmt Howvr, th us of FWD i Iia has b vry limit so far bcaus of its high cost a ifficultis coutr i maitaiig th quipmt Thrfor, a has b arous to itify a altrativ to FWD tst, which ca b cost ffctiv a asily availabl Baklma bam tst is o th static loa flctio quipmt which masurs th maximum flctio rspos of a pavmt to static or slowly appli loas Avatags of th Bklma Bam iclu as to us, low quipmt cost, a larg atabas ca b crat about prformac of th pavmt ovr th yars But, th guilis giv by IRC: for couctig Bklma Bam tst ar applicabl oly for flxibl pavmts I this stuy attmpt has b ma to couct this tst o th top of UTW Bklma Bam tst has b carri out to fi flctio o top of UTW ovrlay, as pr IRC: Th flctio o th surfac of slab at thr critical positios i at itrior, corr a g wr masur aftr thr to four yars Loa trasfr is a importat for pavmt logvity Most of th prformac rlat problms with cocrt pavmts ar rsultat of poor joits prformac Distrss occurs i th pavmt i th form of faults, pumpig a corr braks at th joits u to poor loa trasfr fficicy Loa Trasfr Efficicy (LTE) of aggrgat itrlockig at trasvrs joits has b calculat usig two Bklma Bams Ths rsults ar compar with th othr rsarchr s rsults availabl i th litratur Us of Bkalma bam for th valuatio of pavmt structurally a tmpratur of pavmt Th slab thickss is trmi by corig th pavmt th flxural strgth is trmi by thir-poit loaig of staar siz bams [1] Nostructiv tstig (NDT) is trm us to scrib th xamiatio of pavmt structur a matrial proprtis through mas that o ot iuc amag or proprty chags to th structur Thr ar various such ostructiv tstig mthos which ca b broaly classifi as thos which masur th ovrall quality of cocrt, for xampl yamic or vibratio mthos lik rsoac frqucy a ultrasoic puls vlocity tsts; a thos which ivolv masurmt of paramtrs lik surfac harss, rbou, ptratio, pull-out strgth, tc, a ar bliv to b iirctly rlat to th comprssiv strgth of cocrt [6,7] Whr th traffic volum of pavmt sctio a of visual ratigs ps upo thir ratig as show i blow whr th pavmt ps a its giv by rivrs or commo ma Riig comfort givs th how th pavmt givs comfort to roa usrs a how it prforms Roughss survy is a importat part of th pavmt costructio accptac procss Roughss is a masur of a pavmt s fuctioal prformac, that is, how wll th pavmt is proviig a smooth, saf ri to th travlig public Roughss ca vlop from surfac irrgularitis that ar built ito a pavmt urig costructio, a surfac irrgularitis that vlop aftr costructio (u to traffic loaig, climatic ffcts, a othr factors) Th primary purpos of prformig roughss survys for a giv projct is to obtai a roughss profil so that locatios of svr roughss ca b itifi Th staar uit for roughss masurmt is th Profil Ix (PI) Th P is a umric scal that rags from 0 to 200 mm/km (0 to 13 i/mi), with largr valus iicatig gratr roughss Ths roughss survys ar prform usig profilographs by th cotractor as part of costructio QC/QA program This typ of survy is ot us to valuat pavmt coitio o iiviual projcts Roughss profil ix 2 LITERATURE REVIEW D R Juhar, Dr K C Khar; a Dr R K Jai 12 sai Followig coclusios ar rach from th tail stuy carri out usig BBD as pr guilis giv i IRC: , as NDT for trmiig flctio at thr critical loa positios a LTE has b calculat at th trasvrs joits of 100 mm thick o i-srvic UTW ovrlay costruct i Pu city, Maharashtra Stat (Iia), for its prformac valuatio subjct to various traffic a climatic coitios rlvat to Iia scario Th flctios obtai i this stuy aftr two yar is 0461mm, 041 mm a 026 mm at th g, corr a itrior rspctivly Ths flctio rsults hav b compar with th rsults of thr imsioal FE mol (Juhar D R t al, 2012), ths valus show goo agrmt LTE i th 100 mm thick UTW ovrlay for this stuy has b ragig from 8803% to % i th 100 m x 100 m pal siz Ths rsults of LTE hav b compar with th rsults of 120 mm thick ovrlay (Cabl, J K t al, 2006) LTE obtai for thir stuy rags from 9960% to 9990% I aothr stuy, bas o th fiit lmt mtho usig KENSLAB computr program (Huag 198) 84% of LTE valu has b obsrv at trasvrs joit of bo typ of itrfac Wh rsults of BBD tst from this stuy hav b compar with th flctio valus obtai by thr imsioal FE mol (Juhar D R t al, 2012) a LTE valus obtai by Cabl, J K t al (2006) as wll as KENSLAB computr program, ths valus show goo agrmt Thrfor it ca b coclu Volum: 03 Issu: 07 Jul-2014, 396

3 IJRET: Itratioal Joural of Rsarch i Egirig a Tchology ISSN: pissn: that BBD tst ca b a usful, rliabl a altrativ tool to FWD for th stuy th prformac valuatio of UTW ovrlay D R Juhar, Dr K C Khar; a Dr R K Jai 13 sai Followig coclusios ar th mol i this stuy is a simpl o-liar typ vlop by applyig static axl loaig Through th prst stuy followig coclusios hav b raw for th g loaig cas, th mtho of Wstrgaar givs strss 2181 % a flctio 294 % mor wh compar with 3D FEM rsults Compariso with ALIZE Mtho givs strss 209 % lss Th iffrc btw th valus from this mtho a th 2D molig is u to th various assumptios aopt i rivig ths thoris It is rval that, icrasig th moulus of subgra ractio (k) of HMA rsult i rucig th strsss a flctios i plai cmt cocrt ovrlay FEM aalysis of th whittoppig shows strsss a flctio iuc i th whittoppig withi th saf limits Thrfor ubo plai cmt cocrt ovrlays ca b a coomical a urabl rhabilitatio optio, wh th xistig pavmt is svrly triorat as compar to costructio of covtioal rigi pavmt or HMA ovrlay This work cofirms that th us of ANSYS softwar has a grat pottial as a powrful tool for a 3D molig of th covtioal ubou whittoppig D R Juhar, Dr K C Khar; a Dr R K Jai 14 sai Followig coclusios ar rach from th tail stuy carri out usig BBD as pr guilis giv i IRC: a FWD tst as NDT for trmiig flctio at g a corr loa positios of 320 mm thick o isrvic covtioal whittoppig ovrlay costruct i Pu city, Maharashtra Stat (Iia), for its prformac valuatio a corrlatio vlopmt subjct to various traffic a climatic coitios rlvat to Iia scario Th liar, xpotial a logarithmic rlatioship has b vlop usig Bklma Bam a FWD flctio valus o covtioal whittoppig ovrlays Amog of th liar, xpotial a logarithmic rlatioships; th xpotial rlatioship givs high R valu R 2 valu of th thr rlatioships, it is highr i g loaig positio tha corr loaig positio Th rlatioships vlop ar quit fair as R2 valus ar i btw 06 to 080 which shows th goo corrlatio strgth btw th BBD a FWD flctio valus 3 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND RESULTS Th stuis o th projct strtch ar Maiwala Urpass (Bagalor) whr Whittoppig has b o o th xistig Bitumious Roa i 2010, wr o to valuat th prformac of whittopp pavmt To kow th prformac of a pavmt, it must b valuat to satisfy fuctioal a structural rquirmts as pr th staars Iiviually, fuctioal valuatio a structural valuatio ar o by usig iffrt xprimts lik Visual Ratig Tst, MERLIN Tst, Bcklma Bam Dflctio (BBD) Exprimt, Rbou Hammr Tst, Ultrasoic Puls Vlocity (UPV) Tsts 31 Visual Ratig usig PSI Mtho Th tchiqu us to fi pavmt, us a tam rw vhicl across th pavmt to tll thir xpric how thy fl a rat its coitio with rspct to rivig comfort as show blow Th aras of crackig, patchig, ravllig, tc wr visually stimat Bas o th objctiv masurmts th Prst Srvicability Ix (PSI) coul b obtai usig th AASHTO scalig 32 Mrli Tst Roughss profil ix Th whl path alog which th raigs ar to b tak is mark Th MERLIN is mov a kpt i th startig poit Th locatio of th poitr o th chart is rcor with a cross at th appropriat colum a to kpt rcor of th total umbr of obsrvatios, a cross mark is also ma i th graph sht Th hal of th Mrli is rais, so that th whl is i cotact with roa surfac a mov forwar o rou whr th whl startig is mark a stopp, th poit is ot xactly i th graph Th rptitio of procur shoul b cotiu a obsrvatios ar ot Th tst has b couct as pr abov procur i fil Th uvss of pavmt as b of right si of whl path (Majstic to Elctroic city) at Maiwala juctio is 64mm a o th lft si whl path (Elctroic city to Majstic) is 68mm of th ctr whl path Whr IRI (itratioal roughss ix) for most roa surfacs is trmi usig th quatio IRI= D (24 < IRI < 19) 33 Rbou Hammr Tst Rbou Hammr (RH) Tst is a No-structiv mtho of tstig th strgth of th cocrt So, RH tst has b us to kow th strgth of th Whittopp pavmt without structig th surfac of it Wh th l of th Volum: 03 Issu: 07 Jul-2014, 397

4 IJRET: Itratioal Joural of Rsarch i Egirig a Tchology ISSN: pissn: RH Equipmt is ma to hit th cocrt surfac with a gtl push, th l rbous a givs th valu i RH Numbrs Th by usig th chart i staar co book IS: part-2, rspctiv strgth of th tst surfac is trmi Also, th RH Tst has b couct o th cor sampl xtract from th tst strtch by fixig th sampl i btw two fixturs Th rsults of th tst ar as show i axur 34 UPV (Ultra Soic Puls Vlocity) Tst UPV (ULTRA SONIC PULSE VELOCITY) Tst is also aothr importat No-structiv mtho of tstig th strgth of th cocrt So, UPV tst has b us to kow th strgth of th Whittopp pavmt without structig th surfac of it It works o th pricipl of th vlocity with which th sou pulss travl through th cocrt spcim of kow thickss Wh th two clls of th tst st-up ar coct to PUNDIT (Puls gratig Equipmt), th sou pulss gts grat a th othr s of th cll ar plac firmly o both sis of th tst sampl Th vlocity has b giv i th isplay of PUNDIT a th by usig th chart i staar co book IS: 13311part-1, rspctiv strgth of th tst surfac is trmi Also, th UPV Tst has b couct o th cor sampl xtract from th tst strtch by holig th puls clls o both sis of th cor sampl with th applicatio of or grac Gl to gt bttr rsults This is kow as th Dirct Mtho of tstig as th clls ar hl o both th sis of th sampl But i cas of tstig th Pavmt surfac, th Iirct Mtho of tstig is aopt whr i th clls ar hl o th surfac at two poits a lgth i btw thm is cosir for trmiig th strgth Th rsults of th tst ar as show i axur 3 BBD (Bcklma Bam Dflctio) Tst: Usually BBD Tst is couct o Flxibl Pavmt surfac a it is ifficult to follow it o th Rigi Surfac I th prst stuy bas o th rsarch work of D R Jumharl [4], th cocpt of usig two BBD Equipmts at a tim is follow Th usual way of tstig for Rigi Pavmts is to go for FWD (Fallig Wight Dflctomtr) which is th costlir tst st-up Two BBD s ar tak i this tst as pr th procur of IRC: a plac o 2 ajact slabs o o th loa slab a aothr o uloa slab ar to th joits Wh th rar axl loa of 8170kg movs o th pavmt surfac, th flctio valus ar ot ow i both th BBD s Th fficicy of a joit is grally xprss i trms of its ability to trasfr loa from o si of th joit/ crack to th othr si a is trm as Loa Trasfr Efficicy (LTE) LTE is xprss as a prctag of th uloa slab flctio to th loa slab flctio LTE = Uloa ab Dflctio Loa ab flctio X 100 Fig2: Two BBDs is us to tst o whit toppig Fig 3: Masurig tmpratur for vry hour 36 FEM Mol Procur: Th softwar us for FEM mol aalysis is STADD PRO of Btly systm Th commrcial vrsio STAAD Pro is o of th most wily us structural aalysis a sig softwar It supports svral stl, cocrt a timbr sig cos Th mol has b carri out by spcifyig th matrial proprtis of whittoppig as follows Thickss of pavmt: 10mm Youg s moulus E: 3*10 Pal siz: 12*12 Poisos ratio: 01 Tyr prssur: 08Mpa Tmpratur co-fficit: 10*10-6 Axl loa: 0 KN By cosirig abov matrials mtio th FEM mol has b prpar by cosirig sub gra valu (k) as 10kg/cm 2 a th support is giv as fouatio a w got th valu of bas prssur valus ar ot ow i both th BBD s Th rsults ar show i axur Th procur of cratig FEM mol i STADD PRO is gratig os with spcific istacs Coct ach o of slab a grat a msh of pal siz 1m*1m or Volum: 03 Issu: 07 Jul-2014, 398

5 IJRET: Itratioal Joural of Rsarch i Egirig a Tchology ISSN: pissn: m*12m Grat th fouatio support of spcifi slab a mtio th sub gra valu (k) as giv abov Mtio th matrial proprtis such as thickss, tmpratur co-fficit, youg moulus, poisos ratio tc Spcify th a loa a liv loa a both combiatioal loas Apply th loa o th spcifi pals a chck th prformac a ru th aalysis Accorigly th loa acts o ovrall slab a th bas prssur will b show as if post tsioig is o mm for corr a itrior whl paths o lft a right strtchs of th Pavmt, rspctivly Valus wr compar with Fiit Elmt Aalytical Mol vlop a it is showig Pavmt layr as goo 6 I futur BBD ca b couct o whittoppig pavmt as altrat of Fallig Wight Dflctomtr 7 Th prctag of loa trasfr fficicy form Eq mtio i BBD xplaatio for loa a uloa slabs was calculat It was fou that valus vary from 70% to 100% ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Th authors ar gratful to Bruhath Bgaluru Mahaagara Paalik(BBMP) for thir ki prmissio i availig th rquir ata Th authors ar also thakful to Prof Dr HS Jagash, Profssor, Dpartmt of Civil Egirig, BMS Collg of Egirig & Dr V Ramchara, Zoal Ha (Tch), UltraTch Cmts Lt for guiac a couragmt for couctig this stuy Fig 4 shows th FEM mol usig STAAD PRO softwar 4 CONCLUSIONS 1 As pr abov AASHO scal show i visual ratig, it was suggst th pavmt ratig was 4 out of Th suggst ratig of pavmt coitio iicats, th pavmt is goo for riig quality As pr th girig visual ratig, th suggst ratig was 3 out, sic pavmt ha som cracks a o or two patch pot hols 2 IRI valu from q mtio i IRI of right si a lft si whl path is 36 m/km a 38 m/km rspctivly It coclu that th valus ar withi th limit a th pavmt is i goo coitio 3 As pr th tabl 32 BS: , staar rbou umbr obtai for th cor sampl a th fil tst couct shows th quality of cocrt i th pavmt is Vry goo har layr 4 Upv rsults of Cor sampl tsts a compariso with staar valus as show i tabl 36, it ca b coclu th cocrt i th Pavmt is of goo quality Aftr four yars of layig th pavmt, th strtch was valuat with BBD to kow th flctio valus Dflctio valus ar 0369mm, 039mm, 032mm a 010 REFRENCES [1] D R Juhar1, Dr K C Khar; a Dr R K JaiCivil Egirig Dpartmt, Sihga Collg of Egirig, Vagao (Bk), Pu M S Iia Uivrsity of Pu Prformac Evaluatio of Ultra-thi Whittoppig i Iia by BBD Tst [2] D R Juhar, Dr K C Khar; a Dr R K JaiCivil Egirig Dpartmt, Sihga Collg of Egirig, Vagao (Bk), Pu M S Iia Uivrsity of Pu Dvlopmt Corrlatio btw Bklma Bam Dflctio a Fallig Wight Dflctomtr for Covtioal Whittoppig Ovrly [3] D R Juhar, Dr K C Khar; a Dr R K JaiCivil Egirig Dpartmt, Sihga Collg of Egirig, Vagao (Bk), Pu M S Iia Uivrsity of Pu Stuy of Eg Strsss a Dflctios i Whittoppig Ovrlay o Wiklr Fouatio [4] IRC: SP: Ttativ guilis for covtioal, thi a Ultra-thi whit toppig,, Th Iia Roas Cogrss, Nw Dlhi, 2008 [] IRC: , Gui lis for strgthig of flxibl roa pavmt usig bkalma bam flctio [6] IS: (Part-1): 1992, No-structiv tstig of cocrt -mthos of tst part 1 Ultrasoic puls vlocity [7] IS: (Part-2): 1992 No-structiv tstig of cocrt -mthos of tst part 2 Rbou hammr Volum: 03 Issu: 07 Jul-2014, 399

6 IJRET: Itratioal Joural of Rsarch i Egirig a Tchology ISSN: pissn: ANNEXURE Tabl1: Avrag rbou raig with coitio of cocrt (BS ) Avrag Rbou Hammr MPa Quality of cocrt <40 Vry goo har layr 30 to 40 Goo layr 20 to 30 Fair <20 Poor prformac 0 Dlamiat Tabl2: Th valus of th tst o top surfac of cor sampl No Rbou o Quality of cocrt Cor 1 2 Vry goo har layr Cor 2 48 Vry goo har layr Cor 3 0 Vry goo har layr Cor 4 48 Vry goo har layr Cor 0 Vry goo har layr Cor 6 46 Vry goo har layr Cor 7 48 Vry goo har layr Cor 8 48 Vry goo har layr Cor 9 2 Vry goo har layr Tabl3: Raig Upv o Extract Cor No Upv valu Avrag KM/sc Cor Cor Cor Cor Cor Cor Cor Cor Cor Tabl 4: Vlocity Critrio For Cocrt Quality Graig o Puls vlocity by crossig prob Cocrt quality graig (km/sc) 1 Abov 4 Excllt 2 3 to 4 Goo 3 30 to 3 Mium 4 Blow 3 Doubtful o Chaia g Tabl 1: O corr whl path of loa slab o right si Dial gaug raigs Diffr Dflct Pavm Tmprat (mm) c io t ur Iitial Fial tmprat corrctio ur Itr mia t Saso al Corrct io factor Corrct flcti o (Davg-D) Volum: 03 Issu: 07 Jul-2014, 400

7 IJRET: Itratioal Joural of Rsarch i Egirig a Tchology ISSN: pissn: Avrag : D avg: 03 Staar viatio Charactristic flctio(mm) o Tabl 2: O corr whl path of uloa slab o right si Dflctio Chaiag Dial gaug raigs (mm) Diffr c Iitial Itr miat Fial Pavmt tmpratur Tmpratur corrctio Sasoal Corrctio factor Corrct flctio o Chaiag Dial gaug raigs (mm) Iitial Itr miat Tabl 3: o ctr whl path of loa slab o right si Diffr Dflcti c o Fial Pavmt tmpratu r Tmpratu r corrctio Sasoa l Corrcti o factor Corrct flctio (Davg- D) Volum: 03 Issu: 07 Jul-2014, 401

8 IJRET: Itratioal Joural of Rsarch i Egirig a Tchology ISSN: pissn: * Avrag : D avg: 032 Staar viatio Charactristic flctio 039 o Chaiag Dial gaug raig (mm) Diffr c Iitial Tabl 4: Ctr whl path of uloa slab o right si Dflctio Itr miat Fial Pavmt tmpratur Tmpratur corrctio Sasoal Corrctio factor 08 Corrct flctio o Chaiag Dail gaug raigs (mm) Iitial Itrm iat Tabl : Corr whl path of loa slab o lft si Diffr Dflcti c o Fial Pavmt tmpratu r Tmpratu r corrctio Sasoa l Corrcti o factor Corrct flctio (Davg- D) Volum: 03 Issu: 07 Jul-2014, 402

9 IJRET: Itratioal Joural of Rsarch i Egirig a Tchology ISSN: pissn: Avrag : D avg: 0318 Staar viatio Charactristic flctio 0326 o o Chaiag Tabl 6: Corr whl path of uloa slab o lft si Dial gaug raigs (mm) Diffr Dflctio c Iitial Itr miat Fial Pavmt tmpratur Tmpratur corrctio Sasoal Corrcti o factor Corrct flctio Chaiag Dial gaug raigs (mm) Iitial Itr miat Tabl 7: Ctr whl path o loa slab of lft si Diffr Dflcti c o Fial Pavmt tmpratu r Tmpratu r corrctio Sasoa l Corrcti o factor Corrct flcti o (Davg- D) Volum: 03 Issu: 07 Jul-2014, 403

10 IJRET: Itratioal Joural of Rsarch i Egirig a Tchology ISSN: pissn: Avrag : D avg: 032 Staar viatio 019 Charactristic flctio 01 o Chaiag Tabl 8: O ctr whl path o uloa slab of lft si Dial gaug raigs (mm) Diffr Dflcti c o Iitial Itr miat Fial Pavmt tmpratu r Tmpratur corrctio Sasoal Corrcti o factor Corrct flctio Volum: 03 Issu: 07 Jul-2014, 404